RAK WisTrio LoRa Tracker User manual

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User Manual for
www.RAKwireless.com
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WisTrio LoRa Tracker
96Boards IoT Standardization
RAK5205
Version V1.4 | December 2018

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Table of Contents
1 Overview..................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Package Contents............................................................................................................................. 5
2 WisTrio LoRa Tracker RAK5205...........................................................................................................6
2.1 Overview............................................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Functional Diagram........................................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Interfaces............................................................................................................................................ 7
2.4 Operating Frequencies..................................................................................................................... 8
2.5 Board Pin Out.....................................................................................................................................8
2.5.1 P1.............................................................................................................................................8
2.5.2 P2.............................................................................................................................................8
2.5.3 J11........................................................................................................................................... 8
2.5.4 J12........................................................................................................................................... 8
2.5.5 J22........................................................................................................................................... 9
2.5.6 J25........................................................................................................................................... 9
2.6 Micro-B USB Interface.................................................................................................................... 10
2.7 LEDs.................................................................................................................................................. 10
2.8 RESET Push Button........................................................................................................................10
2.9 Working Mode.................................................................................................................................. 10
2.10 Power Requirements.................................................................................................................... 11
2.11 Environmental Requirements...................................................................................................... 12
2.12 Mechanical Dimensions............................................................................................................... 12
3 LoRa Antenna......................................................................................................................................... 13
3.1 Overview........................................................................................................................................... 13
3.2 LoRa Antenna Dimension.............................................................................................................. 13
3.3 LoRa Antenna Parameter.............................................................................................................. 13
4 GPS Antenna........................................................................................................................................... 14
4.1 Overview........................................................................................................................................... 14
4.2 GPS Antenna Dimensions............................................................................................................. 14
4.3 GPS Environmental Requirements...............................................................................................14
4.4 GPS Antenna Parameter................................................................................................................15
5 Schematics.............................................................................................................................................. 16
6 Usage and Examples.............................................................................................................................20
6.1 Source Code.................................................................................................................................... 20
6.2 Required Software...........................................................................................................................20
6.2.1 USB Driver........................................................................................................................... 20
6.2.2 CooCox IDE......................................................................................................................... 20
6.2.3 Flash Loader........................................................................................................................ 20
6.2.4 Tool Chain............................................................................................................................ 20
6.3 Importing Source Code...................................................................................................................21
Table of Contents

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6.4 Uploading Firmware........................................................................................................................ 23
6.4.1 Install the “CP210x_windows_Drivers” driver.................................................................23
6.4.2 Install the Flash Loader Demonstrator.............................................................................23
6.4.3 Connect the BOOT jumper................................................................................................ 23
6.4.4 Upgrade the firmware......................................................................................................... 23
7 Contact Information...............................................................................................................................26
8 Revision History..................................................................................................................................... 27
9 Document Summary..............................................................................................................................27
List of Tables
Table 1 | Operating Frequencies.................................................................................................................8
Table 2 | Pin Descriptions.............................................................................................................................9
Table 3 | Micro-B USB Pin Descriptions.................................................................................................. 10
Table 4 | Power consumption.................................................................................................................... 10
Table 5 | Electrical Characteristics........................................................................................................... 12
Table 6 | LoRa Antenna Parameter..........................................................................................................13
Table 7 | GPS Environmental Requirements.......................................................................................... 14
Table 8 | GPS Antenna Parameter........................................................................................................... 15
Table 9 | Amplifier Specifications..............................................................................................................15
Table 10 | Environmental Test Performance...........................................................................................15
Table 11 | Revision History........................................................................................................................ 27
List of Images
Image 1 | Package Contents........................................................................................................................5
Image 2 | RAK5205 Board Interface...........................................................................................................6
Image 3 | RAK5205 Board Dimension....................................................................................................... 6
Image 4 | Functional Diagram......................................................................................................................7
Image 5 | Powered by Micro USB.............................................................................................................11
Image 6 | Charging with 5V Solar............................................................................................................. 11
Image 7 | Mechanical Dimensions............................................................................................................12
Image 8 | LoRa Antenna and SMA interface...........................................................................................13
Image 9 | LoRa iPEX interface.................................................................................................................. 13
Image 10 | LoRa Antenna Dimension...................................................................................................... 13
Image 11 | GPS Antenna and SMA interface......................................................................................... 14
Image 12 | GPS iPEX interface................................................................................................................. 14
Image 13 | GPS Antenna Dimensions..................................................................................................... 14
Image 14 | Connect the boot jumper........................................................................................................ 23
List of Tables and Images

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List of Screenshots
Screenshot 1 | Download Source code from Github..............................................................................21
Screenshot 2 | Open Project in CooCox CoIDE..................................................................................... 21
Screenshot 3 | Project Directory............................................................................................................... 21
Screenshot 4 | Build Project.......................................................................................................................22
Screenshot 5 | Build Status........................................................................................................................22
Screenshot 6 | Bin Directory...................................................................................................................... 22
Screenshot 7 | Install Flash Loader Demonstrator.................................................................................23
Screenshot 8 | Reconnect then click Next...............................................................................................24
Screenshot 9 | Select device..................................................................................................................... 24
Screenshot 10 | Download to Device ...................................................................................................... 25
Screenshot 11 | Downloading progress ..................................................................................................25
List of Screenshots

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1Overview
1.1 Introduction
The RAK5205 LoRa tracker board is built on SX1276 LoRaWAN modem with low
power microcontroller STM32L1, integrated the GPS module. It is a feature-packed
sensor board that provides various interfaces for featured applications development.
This is the best sensor board available in the market, ideal as a quick prototyping tool
for Internet-of-Things and LoRaWAN Network integration. It is perfect for IoT
applications such as asset tracking, smart vehicle management and location-based
services. Most importantly, application development environments such as the CooCox
IDE and Kiel are all supported, users can quickly develop own applications.
The main features are listed below:
Compatible with 96Boards IoT Edition Specification.
With SX1276 LoRa long range and Ublox Max 7Q GPS modems which allow to
enable the GPS low power mode.
Integrated the ultra-low power microcontroller ARM Cortex-M3 STM32L1.
Built-in environmental sensor BME680 (gas, pressure, humidity, temperature) and
3-axis MEMS sensor LIS3DH (accelerometer).
SMA/iPEX antenna optional for LoRa and GPS.
Supports latest LoRaWAN 1.0.2 protocol, activation by OTAA/ABP.
Supports programmable bit rate up to 300kbps.
Supports rechargeable battery through micro USB or 5V solar charging ports.
Supports sleep mode, the power consumption down to 14.5μA.
Supports global license-free ISM band (EU433, CN470, EU868, US915, AS923,
AU915, KR920, IN865 and AS920).
Supports I2C, GPIOs, UART and ADC interfaces.
1.2 Package Contents
Image 1 | Package Contents
Overview and Package Contents
RAK5205 board
(1x)
LoRa Modem Antenna
(1x)
GPS Antenna
(1x)
Micro USB cable
(1x)

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2WisTrio LoRa Tracker RAK5205
2.1 Overview
The picture below shows the top view and external interfaces of the RAK5205 LoRa
tracker board.
Image 2 | RAK5205 Board Interface
The dimension and underside of the board is shown below. Sensor ICs are also labeled
for your reference.
Image 3 | RAK5205 Board Dimension
RAK5205 Overview

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2.2 Functional Diagram
The block diagram below shows internal architecture and external interfaces:
Image 4 | Functional Diagram
2.3 Interfaces
It is built around RAK811 module and compatible with 96Boards. It provides the
following interfaces, headers, jumpers, button and connectors:
Micro USB
30-pin 96Boards Headers (UART, RESET, GPIOS, I2C, ADC)
2-pin USB Boot jumper
3-pin UART RX jumper
2-pin Battery female interface
2-pin Solar Panel female interface
LEDs
Reset Button
It has two Antenna connectors:
RP-SMA Male connector of LoRa Antenna(optional iPEX connector)
SMA Female connector of GPS Antenna(optional iPEX connector)
RAK5205 Functional Diagram

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2.4 Operating Frequencies
The board supports all LoRaWAN frequency channels as below. Which is easy to
configure while building the firmware from the source code.
Region
Frequency ( MHz )
Europe
EU433, EU868
China
CN470
North America
US915
Asia
AS920, AS923
Australia
AU915
Korea
KR920
Indian
IN865
Table 1 | Operating Frequencies
2.5 Board Pin Out
Here are the six connectors for RAK5205 tracker board: P1, P2, J11, J12, J22 and J25.
2.5.1 P1
(Pin1 connected to VBATT, Pin2 connected to GND) Li-ion battery connector.
2.5.2 P2
(Pin1 connected to VBUS, Pin2 connected to GND) Solar cell interface.
2.5.3 J11
Pin1 is connected to VBUS. Pin2 is connected to VBIN. Without a battery
connection, the J11 needs to be short-circuited with a jumper. Instead, the J11
needs to be kept open.
2.5.4 J12
Pin1 is connected to BOOT0. Pin2 is connected to VDD. Enter flash mode
through jumper short circuit and open into normal mode.
RAK5205 Operating Frequencies

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2.5.5 J22
30pins, follow the 96Board’s pin definition.
Pin
Pin Name
Description
1-2
NC
NC
3
UART1_TX
UART1_TX
4
NC
NC
5
UART1_RX1
UART1_RX1 (need to connect RX pin and
RX1 pin of J25 via jumper if user wants to
use this UART interface).
6-8
NC
NC
9-10
GND
GND
11
VCCIN
5VOUT
12
VCC_3V3
3V3 OUT
13
PA8
GPIO Pin
14
PB3
GPIO Pin
15
NC
NC
16
PB5
GPIO Pin
17
SWD_TMS
GPIO Pin / R21, R22 pull-up 10K resistor
can be used as JTAG interface
18
SWD_CLK
19
LED1_PA12
GPIO Pin
20
LED2_PB4
GPIO Pin
21
NC
NC
22
SCL
I2C
23
NC
NC
24
SDA
I2C
25
NC
NC
26
PB12
ADC Interface
27-28
NC
NC
29
RST
Reset Pin
30
NC
NC
Table 2 | Pin Descriptions
2.5.6 J25
(RX1, RX, RXCP) J22 and USB UART share. If you use the UART of J22, you
need to connect Rx and RX1 pins. If you use USB UART, you need to connect
Rx and RXCP pins.
RAK5205 Board Pin Out

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2.6 Micro-B USB Interface
A Standard Micro-B USB compliant with USB 2.0 standard specification is used to
provide an interface to connect to a PC for control of the board and firmware upgrade.
The Micro-B USB pin definition is shown below:
Pin
Description
1
USB_VBUS (+5V)
2
USB_DM
3
USB_DP
4
NC
5
GND
Table 3 | Micro-B USB Pin Descriptions
2.7 LEDs
Three LEDs are used to indicate operating status, here are their functions:
Green LED: STATUS – Defined by user.
Blue LED: STATUS – Defined by user.
Red LED: Charging Status – indicates the Li-ion Battery is charging.
2.8 RESET Push Button
Reset Push Button is used to reset the RAK811 module. To reset the module push the
Reset Button for 1 second.
2.9 Working Mode
The board supports to enable the GPS low power mode, it has a 3-axis MEMS Sensor
LIS3DH, which can detect the user's motion status, when the device is stationary, it will
enter the low power sleep mode, reducing the overall power consumption and increase
battery life. The power consumption as shown in the following table.
Mode
Power consumption
Sleep mode
14.5μA (Min)
Normal mode
174mA (Max) @ 20dBm and GPS enable
Table 4 | Power consumption
Micro-B USB Interface

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2.10 Power Requirements
The RAK5205 LoRa tracker board has an operating voltage of 3.7V. It can be powered
by micro USB with 5V Max.
Image 5 | Powered by Micro USB
The board can also be powered by a 3.7V Li-Ion battery. You can connect a 5V solar
panel charger to recharge the Li-Ion battery.
Image 6 | Charging with 5V Solar
Power Requirements

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2.11 Environmental Requirements
The table below lists the operation and storage temperature requirements:
Parameter
Min.
Typical
Max.
Operation Temp. Range
-35 ºC
+25 ºC
+60 ºC
Extended Temp. Range
-40 ˚C
+80 ˚C
Storage Temp. Range
-40 ˚C
+80 ˚C
Table 5 | Electrical Characteristics
2.12 Mechanical Dimensions
Here is the detailed dimension of RAK5205 LoRa tracker:
Image 7 | Mechanical Dimensions
Environmental Requirements

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3LoRa Antenna
3.1 Overview
The LoRa antenna and interfaces are shown below.
Image 8 | RP-SMA Male connector of LoRa Antenna
Here is the iPEX LoRa Antenna interface:
Image 9 | iPEX connector of LoRa Antenna
3.2 LoRa Antenna Dimension
The SMA antenna’s mechanical dimension is shown below:
Image 10 | LoRa Antenna Dimension
3.3 LoRa Antenna Parameter
Items
Specifications
VSWR (Voltage Standard Wave Radio)
1:1.5
Gain
2.0dbm
Working Temperature & Humidity
T:-35 ºC ~ +80 ºC, H: 0% ~ 95%
Storage Temperature & Humidity
T:-40 ºC ~ +85 ºC, H: 0% ~ 95%
Table 6 | LoRa Antenna Parameter
LoRa Antenna OverviewLoRa Antenna Overview

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4GPS Antenna
4.1 Overview
The GPS antenna and interfaces for RAK5205 tracker board is shown below.
Image 11 | SMA Female connector of GPS Antenna
Here is the iPEX GPS Antenna interface:
Image 12 | iPEX connector of GPS Antenna
4.2 GPS Antenna Dimensions
Image 13 | GPS Antenna Dimensions
4.3 GPS Environmental Requirements
The antenna environmental requirements are listed in the table below:
Conditions
Temperature
Humidity
Working
-35 ºC ~ +80 ºC
0% ~ 95%
Storage
-40 ºC ~ +85 ºC
0% ~ 95%
Table 7 | GPS Environmental Requirements
GPS Antenna
GPS Antenna Overview

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4.4 GPS Antenna Parameter
Antenna specifications are listed in the table below:
Item
Specifications
PET
Range of Receiving Frequency
1575.42±1.1
±2.5
Center Frequency (MHz) w/ 30mm2 GND plane
1575.42
±3.0
Bandwidth (MHz) (Return Loss ≤ -10dB)
≥10
±0.5
VSWR (in Center Frequency)
≤2.0
±0.5
Gain (Zenith) (dBi Typ) w/ 70mm2 GND Plane
4.5
±0.5
Axial Ratio (dB) w/ 70mm2 GND Plane
3.0
±0.2
Polarization
Righ-Handed
Circular
-
Impedance (Ω)
50
-
Frequency Temparature Coefficient (ppm/ºC)
0±10
-
Table 8 | GPS Antenna Parameter
Amplifier Specifications are listed in the table below:
Item
Specifications
Frequency Range
1575.42 MHz
Gain
27 dB
VSWR
≤ 2.0 V
Noise Coefficient
≤ 2.0 dBm
DC Voltage
3 ~ 5 V
DC Current
5 ± 2 mA
Table 9 | Amplifier Specifications
Environmental test performance specifications are listed below:
Item
Normal Temp.
High Temp.1
Low Temp.2
Amplifier Gain
27dB ± 2.0
27dB ± 2.0
27dB ± 2.0
VSWR
≤ 2.0
≤ 2.0
≤ 2.0
Noise Coefficient
≤ 2.0
≤ 2.0
≤ 2.0
1. High temperature test: soap in temperature (85º C) and humidity (95%) chamber for 24-hour and return to
normal temperature (at least for 1-hour) without visual shape change.
2. Low temperature test: soap in temperature (-40º C) chamber for 24-hour and return to normal
temperature (at least for 1-hour) without visual shape change.
Table 10 | Environmental Test Performance
GPS Antenna Parameter

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5Schematics
The Component schematics diagram of the RAK5205 are shown below:
Schematic Diagrams

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Schematic Diagrams

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Schematic Diagrams

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Schematic Diagrams

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6Usage and Examples
We are going to use CooCox IDE to view and build the firmware. Download the source code
from the provided GIT repository. All the necessary software should be installed earlier.
6.1 Source Code
All application source codes are available on GIT repository.
If you want to develop your own applications, you can either download the source
zip from the GIT repository or you can clone it. The source code link is:
https://github.com/RAKWireless/RAK5205-WisTrio-LoRa
Note: The preloaded firmware in the board is not open at present.
6.2 Required Software
To start with developing the application over the RAK5205 LoRa tracker board you may
need to download the following software. All the software provided below are based on
Windows operating system.
6.2.1 USB Driver
WisTrio-LoRa-RAK5205/Tools/CP210x_Windows_Drivers.zip
6.2.2 CooCox IDE
WisTrio-LoRa-RAK5205/Tools/CoIDE_V2Beta_20170117.exe
6.2.3 Flash Loader
WisTrio-LoRa-RAK5205/Tools/Flash_Loader_Demonstrator.zip
6.2.4 Tool Chain
WisTrio-LoRa-RAK5205/Tools/gcc-arm-none-eabi-5_4-2016q3-20160926-
win32.exe
Usage and Examples