Ricoh A193 User manual

A224 COPIER
SERVICE MANUAL
The A224 copier is based on the A193 copier.
Only the differences from the base copier are described
in the following pages. Therefore, this document should
be treated as an insert version of the base copier’s
service manual, although it has a separate binder. It
should always be used together with the base copier’s
service manual.

+IMPORTANT SAFETY NOTICES
PREVENTION OF PHYSICAL INJURY
1. Before disassembling or assembling parts of the copier and peripherals,
make sure that the copier power cord is unplugged.
2. The wall outlet should be near the copier and easily accessible.
3. Note that some components of the copier and the paper tray unit are
supplied with electrical voltage even if the main switch is turned off.
4. If any adjustment or operation check has to be made with exterior
covers off or open while the main switch is turned on, keep hands away
from electrified or mechanically driven components.
5. If the Start key is pressed before the copier completes the warm-up
period (the Start key starts blinking red and green alternatively), keep
hands away from the mechanical and the electrical components as the
copier starts making copies as soon as the warm-up period is
completed.
6. The inside and the metal parts of the fusing unit become extremely hot
while the copier is operating. Be careful to avoid touching those
components with your bare hands.
HEALTH SAFETY CONDITIONS
1. Never operate the copier without the ozone filters installed.
2. Always replace the ozone filters with the specified ones at the specified
intervals.
3. Toner and developer are non-toxic, but if you get either of them in your
eyes by accident, it may cause temporary eye discomfort. Try to remove
with eye drops or flush with water as first aid. If unsuccessful, get
medical attention.
OBSERVANCE OF ELECTRICAL SAFETY STANDARDS
1. The copier and its peripherals must be installed and maintained by a
customer service representative who has completed the training course
on those models.
2. The RAM board on the system control board has a lithium battery which
can explode if replaced incorrectly. Replace the battery only with an
identical one. The manufacturer recommends replacing the entire RAM
board. Do not recharge or burn this battery. Used batteries must be
handled in accordance with local regulations.

SAFETY AND ECOLOGICAL NOTES FOR DISPOSAL
1. Do not incinerate toner bottles or used toner. Toner dust may ignite
suddenly when exposed to an open flame.
2. Dispose of used toner, developer, and organic photoconductors in
accordance with local regulations. (These are non-toxic supplies.)
3. Dispose of replaced parts in accordance with local regulations.
4. When keeping used lithium batteries in order to dispose of them later,
do not put more than 100 batteries per sealed box. Storing larger
numbers or not sealing them apart may lead to chemical reactions and
heat build-up.
LASER SAFETY
The Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) prohibits the repair
of laser-based optical units in the field. The optical housing unit can only be
repaired in a factory or at a location with the requisite equipment. The laser
subsystem is replaceable in the field by a qualified Customer Engineer. The
laser chassis is not repairable in the field. Customer engineers are therefore
directed to return all chassis and laser subsystems to the factory or service
depot when replacement of the optical subsystem is required.
+WARNING
Use of controls, or adjustment, or performance of procedures other than
those specified in this manual may result in hazardous radiation exposure.
+WARNING FOR LASER UNIT
WARNING: Turn off the main switch before attempting any of the
procedures in the Laser Unit section. Laser beams can
seriously damage your eyes.
CAUTION MARKING:
DANGER
INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION
WHEN OPEN.
AVOID DIRECT EXPOSURE TO
BEAM.
>PS<
!
DANGER
INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION
WHEN DISCONNECT OPTICAL
FIBER CABLE.
AVOID DIRECT EXPOSURE TO
BEAM.
>PS<
!
>PS<

1. SPECIFICATIONS
Items A193 A224
Configuration: Desktop As for A193
Copy Process: Dry electrostatic transfer system As for A193
Originals: Sheet/Book As for A193
Original Size: Maximum:
A3/11" x 17"
Minimum:
A5/8.5" x 5.5" sideways
(paper tray)
A6/5.5" x 8.5" lengthwise
(by-pass feed)
As for A193
Copy Paper Weight: Paper tray:
60 ~ 90 g/m2, 16 ~ 24 lb
By-pass:
60 ~ 157 g/m2, 16 ~ 24 lb
As for A193
Reproduction Ratios: 5 Enlargement and 7 Reduction
(5E7R) Non-memory copy: 5E6R (25% is excluded)
Memory copy:
Letter: 5E7R
Others: 5E6R (25% is
excluded; it can be included
with an SP mode)
Zoom: 25% to 400% in 1% steps Non-memory copy:
50% to 400% in 1% steps
Memory copy:
Letter: 25% to 400%
Others: 50% to 400% in 1%
steps (down to 25% can be
included with an SP mode)
Power Source: 120V/60 Hz: more than 12A
(for North America)
220V ~ 240V/50 Hz:
more than 7A (for Europe)
220V ~ 240V/60 Hz:
more than 7A (for Asia)
As for A193
Dimensions (W x D x H): 550 x 580 x 652 mm
(21.7" x 22.9" x 25.7")
Measurement conditions
1) With by-pass feed table
closed
2) Without all options
As for A193
Weight: Less than 57 kg (126 lb) Less than 58 kg (128 lb)
Warm-up Time: Less than 30 s (20°C, 68°F):
115V machine
Less than 35 s (20°C, 68°F):
230V machine
Less than 40 s (20°C, 68°F):
115V/230V machine
A224
Copier
25 April 1997 SPECIFICATIONS
1

Items A193 A224
First Copy Time Less than 9.8 s
(from 1st paper tray to
face-down copy tray)
Less than 8.8 s
(from 1st paper tray to
face-up copy tray)
Less than 9.8 s
(from 1st paper tray to
face-down copy tray)
Less than 8.8 s
(from 1st paper tray to
face-up copy tray)
Less than 9.5 s
(from LCT to face-down copy
tray)
Copy Number Input: Ten-key pad, 1 to 99 (count up
or count down) As for A193
Manual Image Density: 7 steps As for A193
Automatic Reset: 60s is the standard setting; it
can be changed with a UP
mode. As for A193
Auto Shut Off 15 min. is the standard setting;
it can be changed with a UP
mode.
30 min. is the standard setting;
it can be changed with a UP
mode.
Copy Paper Capacity: Paper Tray: 250 sheets
Option Paper Tray Unit: 500
sheets x 2
By-pass:
100 sheets (≤A4, LT )
10 sheets (>A4, LT )
1 sheet (non-standard)
As for A193
Toner Replenishment: Cartridge exchange
(216 g/cartridge) As for A193
Toner Yield: 8 k copies (A4 sideways, 6% full
black, 1 to 1 copying, ADS
mode) As for A193
Optional Equipment: -Platen cover
-ADF
-ARDF
-Paper tray unit
-1-bin sorter
-Finisher
-4 MB memory
-8 MB memory
-Key counter
-Tray heater
-Optical anti-condensation
heater
-Platen cover
-ADF
-ARDF
-Paper tray unit
-1-bin sorter
-Finisher
-LCT
-Key counter
-Tray heater
-Optical anti-condensation
heater
-Drum heater
Copy Tray Capacity face-down mode: 500 sheets
face-up mode: 100 sheets As for A193
SPECIFICATIONS 25 April 1997
2

Power Consumption:
- A193 -
Mainframe Only Full System
120 V 220 V ~ 240 V 120 V 220 V ~ 240 V
Maximum Less than 1.1 kW Less than 850 W Less than 1.2 kW Less than 1 kW
Copying Approx. 470 W Approx. 500 W Approx. 500 W Approx. 530 W
Warm-up Approx. 1.0 kW Approx. 750 W Approx. 1.0 kW Approx. 750 W
Stand-by Approx. 130 W Approx. 130 W Approx. 140 W Approx. 140 W
Auto Shut-off Approx. 2.0 W Approx. 2.2 W Approx. 2.2 W Approx. 2.4 W
- A224 -
Mainframe Only Full System
120 V 220 V ~ 240 V 120 V 220 V ~ 240 V
Maximum Less than 1.1 kW Less than 850 W Less than 1.2 kW Less than 1 kW
Copying Approx. 570 W Approx. 570 W Approx. 600 W Approx. 600 W
Warm-up Approx. 1.0 kW Approx. 750 W Approx. 1.0 kW Approx. 750 W
Stand-by Approx. 130 W Approx. 130 W Approx. 140 W Approx. 140 W
Auto Shut-off Approx. 2.0 W Less than 2.0 W Approx. 2.2 W Approx. 2.4 W
Noise Emission:
- A193 -
Mainframe Only Full System
1. Sound Power Level
Copying 61.5 dB (A) 64.5 dB (A)
Stand-by 30.0 dB (A) 30.0 dB (A)
2. Sound Pressure Level at the Operation Position
Copying 47.5 dB (A) 52.0 dB (A)
Stand-by 17.5 dB (A) 17.5 dB (A)
- A224 -
Mainframe Only Full System
1. Sound Power Level
Copying 62.5 dB (A) 66.0 dB (A)
Stand-by 40.0 dB (A) 40.0 dB (A)
2. Sound Pressure Level at the Operation Position
Copying 47.5 dB (A) 52.0 dB (A)
Stand-by 17.5 dB (A) 17.5 dB (A)
A224
Copier
25 April 1997 SPECIFICATIONS
3

Copying Speed in Multicopy Mode:
- A193 -
A4 sideways/
11" x 8.5" A3/11" x 17" B4/8.5" x 14"
Non-memory copy mode 15 9 10
Memory copy mode 20 11 12
- A224 -
A4 sideways/
11" x 8.5" A3/11" x 17" B4/8.5" x 14"
Non-memory copy mode 20 11 13
Memory copy mode 25 13 15
Memory Capacity:
- A193 -
Standard (4 MB) Optional 4 MB Optional 8 MB
Multi-page duplex copy x O O
Sort, Rotate Sort A4, LT O O O
B4, LG x O O
A3, DLT x O O
Number of pages A4, 6% 35 99 99
ITU-T #4 15 45 75
x: Not available O: Available
- A224 -
Standard 12 MB (4 MB + 8 MB)
Multi-page duplex copy O
Sort, Rotate Sort A4, LT O
B4, LG O
A3, DLT O
Number of pages A4, 6% 99
ITU-T #4 75
x: Not available O: Available
SPECIFICATIONS 25 April 1997
4

2. MACHINE CONFIGURATION
Version Item Machine Code No.
A193 A224
Copy Copier A193 A224 D
ADF (Option) A628 B
ARDF (Option) A661 C
Platen Cover (Option) A645
Paper Tray Unit (Option) G697 F
Duplex Unit G694 (Option) Standard
1-bin Sorter (Option) A629 H
Finisher (Option) A666 G
LCT N/A A667(Option) E
Memory 4 MB A642-01 (Option) N/A
Memory 8 MB A642-02 (Option) Standard
Fax Fax Controller (Option) A693 A804
Telephone (Option) H160 A
ISDN (Option) A644
HDD (Option) A641
Memory Card (Option) H130-54
Function Card (Option) H130-52
Page Memory (Option) A640
Printer Printer Controller (Option) A643-00 (115V)
A643-01 (230V) A805-00 (115V) A805-01 (230V)
PS (Option) A643-02
HDD (Option) A643-03
BCA
I
H
G
F
E
D
A224V501.wmf
A224
Copier
25 April 1997 MACHINE CONFIGURATION
5

3. ELECTRICAL COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS
Refer to the electrical component layout and the point-to-point diagram on the
waterproof paper in the pocket for the locations of these components.
Symbol Index
No. Description Note
Printed Circuit Boards
PCB1 54 High Voltage Supply Board Supplies high voltage to the drum charge roller, development roller, transfer roller, and
discharge brush.
PCB2 50 Lamp Stabilizer Provides dc power for the exposure lamp.
PCB3 58 PSU Provides dc power to the system and ac
power to the fusing lamp.
PCB4 61 LD Unit Controls the laser diode.
PCB5 63 Operation Panel Controls the touch panel display and LED
matrix, and monitors the key matrix.
PCB6 51 SBU Contains the CCD, and outputs a video
signal to the BICU board.
PCB7 55 IOCSS Controls the mechanical parts of the printer.
PCB8 52 BICU Controls all copier functions both directly or
through other control boards.
PCB9 53 MSU Compresses the image data, stores the data,
and applies the image editing.
PCB10 62 Polygon Motor Driver
(A224 only) Drives the polygon motor.
Motors
M1 45 Main Drives the main body components.
M2 37 Scanner Drive Drives the 1st and 2nd scanners (dc stepper
motor).
M3 47 Transport Vacuum
Fan Aids paper transportation from the transfer roller to the fusing unit.
M4 49 Polygonal Mirror Turns the polygonal mirror.
M5 38 Toner Supply Rotates the toner bottle to supply toner to
the toner supply unit.
M6 35 Exhaust Fan Removes heat from around the fusing unit.
M7 46 Fusing Unit Fan
(A224 only) Removes heat from around the fusing unit.
Sensors
S1 33 Upper Exit Detects misfeeds.
S2 31 Lower Exit Detects misfeeds.
S3 28 Left Vertical Door Cuts the +5 and +24 Vdc power lines.
S4 27 Left Door Detects whether the left door is open or
closed.
S5 17
Relay Detects the leading edge of paper from the
paper tray and duplex unit to determine the
stop timing of the paper feed clutch and
duplex feed motor. Also detects misfeeds.
ELECTRICAL COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS 25 April 1997
6

Symbol Index
No. Description Note
S6 10 PCU Detects when a new PCU is installed.
S7 29 Fusing Exit Detects misfeeds.
S8 9 Charge Roller H.P Informs the CPU when the drum charge
roller is at home position.
S9 —- Upper Tray Paper
End (A193 only) Informs the CPU when the upper paper tray runs out of paper.
S10 15 Lower Tray Paper
End Informs the CPU when the lower paper tray runs out of paper.
S11 16 By-pass Feed Paper
End Informs the CPU when there is no paper in the by-pass tray.
S12 13 Registration Detects the leading edge of the copy paper to determine the stop timing of the paper
feed clutch, and detects misfeeds.
S13 12 By-pass Feed Paper
Width Detects the width of the paper in the by-pass feed table.
S14 59 Humidity Monitors the humidity around the PCU.
S15 4 Original Width Detects the width of the original. This is one
of the APS (Auto Paper Select) sensors.
S16 5 Original Length-1 Detects the length of the original. This is one
of the APS (Auto Paper Select) sensors.
S17 6 Original Length-2 Detects the length of the original. This is one
of the APS (Auto Paper Select) sensors.
S18 3 Platen Cover Informs the CPU whether the platen cover is up or down (related to APS/ARE functions).
ARE: Auto Reduce and Enlarge
S19 1 Scanner H.P. Informs the CPU when the 1st and 2nd
scanners are at the home position.
S20 23 Toner Density (TD) Detects the amount of toner inside the
development unit.
Switches
SW1 20 AC Supplies power to the copier.
SW2 32 Main Supplies power to operate the machine.
SW3 14 Right Vertical Guide Cuts the +5 and +24 Vdc power lines.
SW4 —- Upper Paper Size
(A193 only) Determines what size of paper is in the upper paper tray.
SW5 19 Lower Paper Size Determines what size of paper is in the lower
paper tray.
SW6 26 Front Door Safety Cuts the +5VLD and +24V dc power lines and detects whether the front cover is open
or not.
Magnetic Clutches
MC1 36 Charge Roller Contact Controls the touch and release movement of
the drum charge roller.
MC2 42 Upper Relay Drives the upper relay rollers.
MC3 43 Lower Relay Drives the lower relay rollers.
A224
Copier
25 April 1997 ELECTRICAL COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS
7

Symbol Index
No. Description Note
MC4 41 By-pass Feed Starts paper feed from the by-pass feed
table.
MC5 —- Upper Paper Feed
(A193 only) Starts paper feed from the upper paper tray.
MC6 44 Lower Paper Feed Starts paper feed from the lower paper tray.
MC7 40 Registration Drives the registration rollers.
MC8 39 Development Drives the development roller.
Solenoids
SOL1 48 Junction Gate Moves the junction gate to direct copies to
the face-up or face-down copy tray.
Lamps
L1 60 Quenching Neutralizes any charge remaining on the
drum surface after cleaning.
L2 2 Scanner Applies light to the original for exposure.
L3 8 Fusing Provides heat to the hot roller.
Heaters
H1 18 Tray (option) Turns on when the main switch is off to keep paper in the paper tray dry. Tray heaters are
also available for the optional paper feed unit.
H2 34 Anti-condensation
(option) Turns on when the main switch is off to prevent moisture from accumulating.
H3 11 Drum (option) Keeps the drum warm to prevent
condensation on the drum.
Thermistors
TH1 24 Charge Roller Monitors the temperature of the drum charge
roller.
TH2 21 Fusing Monitors the temperature of the hot roller.
TH3 22 Fusing Edge (A224
only) Monitors the temperature for the front edge of the hot roller.
Thermofuses
TF1 7 Fusing Provides back-up overheat protection in the
fusing unit.
Counters
CO1 25 Total Keeps track of the total number of copies
made.
CO2 —-
Key
(option) Used for control of authorized use. The copier will not operate until it is installed.
ELECTRICAL COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS 25 April 1997
8

Symbol Index
No. Description Note
Others
LSD1 30 Laser Synchronization
Detector
Detects the laser beam at the start of the
main scan.
NF 56 Noise Filter
(230V machine only) Removes electrical noise from the AC input line.
CB 57 Circuit Breaker
(230V machine only) Guards against voltage surges in the AC input line.
4. DRIVE LAYOUT
123
4
5
6
9
8
7
A224V502.wmf
1. Scanner Drive Motor
2. Development Clutch
3. Charge Roller Contact
4. Main Motor
5. Registration Clutch
6. Lower Paper Feed Clutch
7. Lower Relay Clutch
8. Upper Relay Clutch
9. By-pass Feed Clutch
A224
Copier
25 April 1997 DRIVE LAYOUT
9

5. COPY PROCESS
5.1 OVERVIEW
The separation (discharge brush) voltage has been changed.
Power
Pack
Power Pack
28 3
4
5
6
7
-1750 V
- 600V
+ 15 µA
- 1.8 kV (Front Side)
- 2.1 kV (Rear Side)
- 140 V
- 90 V
A224V500.wmf
1A224V503.wmf
COPY PROCESS 25 April 1997
10

6. MAIN SCAN MAGNIFICATION/REDUCTION
The specification of the reproduction ratios in the memory mode (binary
picture processing mode) has been changed to 5 enlargement and 6
reduction. This is because the higher copy speed of this model causes poor
copy quality at a reproduction ration of 25%.
Reproduction ratios of 48% ~ 400% are achieved for main and sub scan
magnifications in the same way as for the A193 copier, and for reproduction
ratios of 25% ~ 47%, it is done by changing the scanner speed and deleting
every other line.
A224
Copier
25 April 1997 MAIN SCAN MAGNIFICATION/REDUCTION
11

7. LASER EXPOSURE
7.1 OVERVIEW
The strength of the beam is 0.6 mW on the drum surface (10 mW output from
the LDDR board) at a wavelength of 780 nm.
The polygon motor speeds have been changed as follows:
Resolution (dpi) Modes Motor Speed (rpm) Data Frequency (MHz)
400 dpi Copy and Fax [phone]
600 dpi Printer 26926.1 26.438
391.16 dpi Fax (image rotation) 18240.0 11.674
406.4 dpi Fax (mm printing) 17556.0 11.674
The polygon mirror motor and motor driver are separated to prevent the laser
unit from being heated by the motor driver. Also, the laser unit has a polygon
motor cover and shield glass to reduce the noise from the polygon motor.
7.2 OPTICAL PATH
The shield glass has been added.
[A]: LD Unit
[B]: Polygon Mirror
[C]: Cylindrical Lens
[D]: Shield Glass
[E]: F - Theta Mirror
[F]: 1st Mirror
[G]: BTL
[H]: 2nd Mirror
[I]: Laser Syncronization Detector
[B] [D] [F] [G] [E]
[H]
[A]
[E]
[H]
G]
[I]
[C]
[D]
[B]
[I]
A224D501.wmf
LASER EXPOSURE 25 April 1997
12

8. PAPER FEED
8.1 OVERVIEW
This machine has a duplex unit as a standard component, so the following
parts have been deleted.
1. Upper Paper Feed Rollers
2. Upper Paper Feed Clutch
3. Upper Paper End Sensor and
Feeler
4. Upper Paper Size Sensor
A224D503.wmf
A224
Copier
25 April 1997 PAPER FEED
13

8.2 DRIVE MECHANISM
Drive transfers to the upper relay clutch [A] through the gear [B] instead of
the paper feed clutch.
9. PAPER SEPARATION AND TRANSPORT
The voltage for the discharge brush has been changed.
•-1.8 kV (feeding from a paper tray)
•-2.1 kV (second side of duplex copies, feeding from the duplex unit)
[A]
[B]
A224D502.wmf
PAPER SEPARATION AND TRANSPORT 25 April 1997
14

10. IMAGE FUSING
10.1 OVERVIEW
Two new parts; fusing edge thermistor and antistatic brush have been added.
The fusing edge thermistor is for over heat prevention at the end of the hot
roller. The antistatic brush is for prevention of off-set fusing image.
1. Fusing thermofuse
2. Hot roller
3. Fusing thermistor
4. Fusing edge thermistor
5. Lower entrance guide
6. Pressure roller
7. Pressure lever
8. Antistatic brush
9. Cleaning roller
10. Pressure spring
11. Hot roller strippers
12. Fusing lamp
1
2
3, 4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
A224D506.wmf
A224
Copier
25 April 1997 IMAGE FUSING
15

10.2 PRESSURE ROLLER
The pressure of the pressure roller can be changed in the same way as for
the A193 machine. It is done by adjusting the position of the pressure springs
[A]. In this machine, the fusing pressure can also be adjusted with the lever
handle [B] (this is a finer adjustment than the pressure springs). The user can
do this when printing on a thicker medium, such as an envelope.
The lever shaft [C] contacts the pressure lever [D]. When the lever handle
rotates down, the shaft lowers the pressure lever. At this time, the pressure of
the pressure roller is decreased. The upper position of the lever is normal.
[A]
[D]
[C]
[B]
[D]
[B]
A224D207.wmf
IMAGE FUSING 25 April 1997
16

10.3 FUSING UNIT FAN
The fusing unit fan [A] has been added below the fusing unit. The fusing unit
fan is necessary because the wattage of the fusing lamp is higher than in the
A193 machine, as a result of the higher copy speed.
The fusing unit fan turns on if the charge roller thermistor detects a
temperature in the machine of over 43°C when the main motor starts to rotate
or at any time that the main motor is rotating.
The fusing unit fan stops either when the main motor stops or when the
temperature in the machine falls below 40°C.
[A]
A224D505.wmf
A224
Copier
25 April 1997 IMAGE FUSING
17