Sartorius YDK04 User manual

98648-019-55
User’s Manual | Betriebsanleitung | Mode d’emploi |
Instrucciones de funcionamiento | 操作指南
Sartorius YDK04
Density Determination Kit | Dichtebestimmungsset
Dispositif de détermination de masses volumiques |
Kit para la determinación de la densidad | 密度测定套件
98648-019-29

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English – page 3
Deutsch – Seite 17
Français – page 31
Español – página 45
中文 – 第 59 页

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Contents
Kit Components � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5
Getting Started � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 6
Method Used to Determine Density � � � � � � � � � � � � 8
Sources of Error and Options for Correction � � � � � 9
Density Determination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12
– of Solid Objects � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12
Tables � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 13
Density Values of H2O � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 13
Density Values of Ethanol � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 14
Appendix � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 15

The new Sartorius Density Determination Kit is a high-
quality accessory to your electronic balance�
With this accessory, Sartorius is making your daily work
easier�
Please read through the set-up and user’s manual
carefully before setting up the balance and starting
your work with the density determination kit�
If you equip your balance with a density
determination program, the program will then
determine the density for you.
In this particular case, please refer exclusively to the
set-up guide and work instructions.
The density determination should then be carried out as
described in the instructions for the density
determination program�
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5
Kit Components
1 Beam
2 Cover plate
3 Immersion frame
4 Sample holder (pan hanger assembly)
5 Container
6 Thermometer
7
Fastening clamp

6
Getting Started
The YDK04 density determination kit can be used with
the following balances:
– Secura®
Type 1102, 2102, 3102, 5102
– Quintix®
Type 612, 1102, 2102, 3102, 5102
– Practum®
Type 612, 1102, 2102
Preparing the Balance
Before placing the beam on the balance, the balance
will need to be modified�
tRemove the weighing pan and pan support for the
balance�
Installing the Density Determination Kit
To install the density determination kit on the balance,
proceed as follows:
tMount the beam on the stud of the balance�

7
tMount the cover plate on the beam you have just
attached�
When doing this, ensure the cover plate is exactly
positioned and centered�
tFill the container with liquid (e�g� water or ethanol)
and place the container on the mounted cover plate�
tInsert the sample holder (pan hanger assembly) into
the immersion frame�
tAttach the immersion frame, with the sample holder
mounted on it, to the beam�
Make sure that the sample holder is fully immersed
in the liquid� Add more liquid if necessary�
When immersing the sample holder, make sure that
there are no air bubbles in the sample holder�
tUse the fastening clamp to fasten the thermometer
to the container (where this is required)�

8
W (a) ∙ ρ (fl)
ρ =
W (a) – W (fl)
Where:
ρ = the density of the solid object
ρ (fl) = the density of the liquid
W (a) = the weight of the solid object
in air
W (fl) = the weight of the solid object
in liquid
To determine the density of a solid object,
the measurement system employed here
uses the “Archimedes’ principle”:
An object immersed in liquid will be subject
to an upward buoyant force� This force is
equal to the weight of the liquid displaced
by the object�
Using a hydrostatic balance, which enables
you to weigh the solid object in air and
in water, it is possible to determine the
density of a solid object, if the density of
the buoyancy medium is known:
8
Method Used to Determine Density

9
Effect of Temperature on the Liquid
Density
The density of the buoyancy liquid is
temperature dependent� The density
change per °C temperature change is
of the order of:
– 0�02% for distilled water
– 0�1% for alcohols and hydrocarbons�
In other words, this can show up in the
third decimal place during density
determination�
To correct the liquid density based on
temperature, proceed as follows:
– measure the temperature of the liquid
using the thermometer supplied�
– the density of the most common
buoyancy liquids, water and ethanol,
at the measured temperature can then
be found in the table provided and used
for ρ (fl)�
The above formula to determine the
density of solid objects is sufficiently
accurate for determining the density
to two decimal places depending on
samples volume� This density kit is
designed for determining density of
10 g – 2 kg weight of samples�
Depending on the accuracy required, the
following error and correction factors will
need to be considered:
– effect of temperature on the density of
the bouyancy liquid
– air bouyancy when weighing in air
– changes in the immersion depth of the
immersion frame when immersing the
sample
– adhesion of the liquid to the immersion
frame
– air bubbles sticking to the sample�
Some of the errors can be corrected
mathematically� To do this, you have to:
– measure the temperature of the liquid
and correct the liquid density
accordingly�
9
Sources of Error and Options for Correction

10
Air Buoyancy
Depending on the temperature, humidity
and air pressure, a 1 cm3 volume of air will
have a weight of around 1�2 mg� When
weighing in air, the object experiences
a corresponding buoyancy per cm3 of its
volume� The error that results if the air
buoyancy is not allowed for shows up in
the third decimal place and should
therefore be corrected�
The buoyancy force is taken into account
in the following formula:
W (a) ∙ [ρ (fl) – ρ (a)]
ρ = + ρ (a)�
W (a) – W (fl)
Where ρ (a) = 0�0012 g/cm3 = density of
air under normal conditions (temperature
20°C, pressure 101�325 kPa)�
10
Immersion Depth
The sample holder to collect and/or
immerse the sample during the weighing in
liquid is fastened rigidly to two wires and
plunges about 30 mm deep into the liquid�
Since the balance is tared prior to each
measurement, the additional buoyancy
from the submerged part of the
measurement setup is not factored
into the determination of the density�
When weighing in liquid, a volume of
liquid corresponding to the volume of the
sample body gets displaced�
This causes the fastening wires on the pan
to plunge deeper and generate additional
buoyancy, creating an error in the density
determination�
The following formula will correct the
error:
W (a) ∙ [ρ (fl) – ρ (a)]
ρ = + ρ (a)
Corr [W (a) – W (fl)]

11
Adhesion of the Liquid to the Wire
When immersing the sample holder in the
buoyancy liquid, liquid creeps up the wire
because of adhesion forces and creates a
few additional milligrams of weight�
Since the sample holder is in the
buoyancy medium both when weighing in
air and when weighing in liquid, and the
balance is tared at the beginning of each
measurement, the influence of the liquid
meniscus can be ignored�
In order to reduce the surface tension and
the friction of the liquid on the wire,
around three drops of a surfactant (Mirasol
Antistatic or a conventional detergent) are
added to the vessel’s distilled water
contents�
With the buoyancy liquid creeping up the
wire, the weight value may still slowly
change after the “g” has appeared�
For this reason, the weight value should be
read as soon as the “g” appears�
11
Air Bubbles
The measurement errors which occur as
a result of air bubbles sticking to the
sample can be evaluated as follows: If the
air bubble has a diameter of 0�5 mm, this
will produce an additional buoyancy of less
than 0�1 mg when weighing in water� If the
air bubble has a diameter of 1 mm, the
additional buoyancy will be around 0�5 mg,
and if the diameter is around 2 mm,
roughly 4�2 mg� It is therefore imperative
that larger air bubbles are taken off with
a fine brush or similar�
Moisture can also be added in advance in
a separate container�

12
Determining the Buoyancy
G = W (a) – W (fl)
– Tare the balance with the sample on the
beam�
– Lay the sample in the sample holder1)�
– Make a note of the absolute value of
buoyancy G, with a minus sign in front�
Calculating the Density
– Read off the temperature�
– Locate the density value ρ (fl) in the table
using the temperature you have read off�
– Calculate the density using the following
formula:
W (a) ∙ [ρ (fl) – 0�0012 g/cm3]
ρ = +
0�0012 g/cm3
Corr G
W (a) and G in g; ρ (fl) in g/cm3
G = W (a) – W (fl)
1) (If you have to remove the sample holder
from the measurement equipment to do
this, make sure that no additional air
bubbles become attached upon
re-immersion in the liquid; it is better to
add the sample directly with forceps or
similar�)
Determining Density of Solid Objects
Preparation
(the description uses distilled water)
– Align the container in the center of the
base plate; the beam acts as the stopper
at the back�
– Fill with distilled water up to approx�
5 mm below the edge�
– Add three drops of surfactant to the
distilled water�
– Use the clamp to fasten the
thermometer to the edge of the beaker�
– Clean the sample holder with solvent
(paying particular attention to the
immersed wires) and hook on to the
beam�
Measurement Procedure
Determining the Sample Weight in Air
– Tare the balance�
– Place the sample on the beam weighing
pan and weigh it�
– Make a note of the weight value W (a)�
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Density Determination

13
Density Values of H2O at Temperature T (in °C)
T/°C 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
10. 0�99973 0�99972 0�99971 0�99970 0�99969 0�99968 0�99967 0�99966 0�99965 0�99964
11. 0�99963 0�99962 0�99961 0�99960 0�99959 0�99958 0�99957 0�99956 0�99955 0�99954
12. 0�99953 0�99951 0�99950 0�99949 0�99948 0�99947 0�99946 0�99944 0�99943 0�99942
13. 0�99941 0�99939 0�99938 0�99937 0�99935 0�99934 0�99933 0�99931 0�99930 0�99929
14. 0�99927 0�99926 0�99924 0�99923 0�99922 0�99920 0�99919 0�99917 0�99916 0�99914
15. 0�99913 0�99911 0�99910 0�99908 0�99907 0�99905 0�99904 0�99902 0�99900 0�99899
16. 0�99897 0�99896 0�99894 0�99892 0�99891 0�99889 0�99887 0�99885 0�99884 0�99882
17. 0�99880 0�99879 0�99877 0�99875 0�99873 0�99871 0�99870 0�99868 0�99866 0�99864
18. 0�99862 0�99860 0�99859 0�99857 0�99855 0�99853 0�99851 0�99849 0�99847 0�99845
19. 0�99843 0�99841 0�99839 0�99837 0�99835 0�99833 0�99831 0�99829 0�99827 0�99825
20. 0�99823 0�99821 0�99819 0�99817 0�99815 0�99813 0�99811 0�99808 0�99806 0�99804
21. 0�99802 0�99800 0�99798 0�99795 0�99793 0�99791 0�99789 0�99786 0�99784 0�99782
22. 0�99780 0�99777 0�99775 0�99773 0�99771 0�99768 0�99766 0�99764 0�99761 0�99759
23. 0�99756 0�99754 0�99752 0�99749 0�99747 0�99744 0�99742 0�99740 0�99737 0�99735
24. 0�99732 0�99730 0�99727 0�99725 0�99722 0�99720 0�99717 0�99715 0�99712 0�99710
25. 0�99707 0�99704 0�99702 0�99699 0�99697 0�99694 0�99691 0�99689 0�99686 0�99684
26. 0�99681 0�99678 0�99676 0�99673 0�99670 0�99668 0�99665 0�99662 0�99659 0�99657
27. 0�99654 0�99651 0�99648 0�99646 0�99643 0�99640 0�99637 0�99634 0�99632 0�99629
28. 0�99626 0�99623 0�99620 0�99617 0�99614 0�99612 0�99609 0�99606 0�99603 0�99600
29. 0�99597 0�99594 0�99591 0�99588 0�99585 0�99582 0�99579 0�99576 0�99573 0�99570
30. 0�99567 0�99564 0�99561 0�99558 0�99555 0�99552 0�99549 0�99546 0�99543 0�99540
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Tables

14
Density Values of Ethanol at Temperature T (in °C)
T/°C 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
10. 0�79784 0�79775 0�79767 0�79758 0�79750 0�79741 0�79733 0�79725 0�79716 0�79708
11. 0�79699 0�79691 0�79682 0�79674 0�79665 0�79657 0�79648 0�79640 0�79631 0�79623
12. 0�79614 0�79606 0�79598 0�79589 0�79581 0�79572 0�79564 0�79555 0�79547 0�79538
13. 0�79530 0�79521 0�79513 0�79504 0�79496 0�79487 0�79479 0�79470 0�79462 0�79453
14. 0�79445 0�79436 0�79428 0�79419 0�79411 0�79402 0�79394 0�79385 0�79377 0�79368
15. 0�79360 0�79352 0�79343 0�79335 0�79326 0�79318 0�79309 0�79301 0�79292 0�79284
16. 0�79275 0�79267 0�79258 0�79250 0�79241 0�79232 0�79224 0�79215 0�79207 0�79198
17. 0�79190 0�79181 0�79173 0�79164 0�79156 0�79147 0�79139 0�79130 0�79122 0�79113
18. 0�79105 0�79096 0�79088 0�79079 0�79071 0�79062 0�79054 0�79045 0�79037 0�79028
19. 0�79020 0�79011 0�79002 0�78994 0�78985 0�78977 0�78968 0�78960 0�78951 0�78943
20. 0�78934 0�78926 0�78917 0�78909 0�78900 0�78892 0�78883 0�78874 0�78866 0�78857
21. 0�78849 0�78840 0�78832 0�78823 0�78815 0�78806 0�78797 0�78789 0�78780 0�78772
22. 0�78763 0�78755 0�78746 0�78738 0�78729 0�78720 0�78712 0�78703 0�78695 0�78686
23. 0�78678 0�78669 0�78660 0�78652 0�78643 0�78635 0�78626 0�78618 0�78609 0�78600
24. 0�78592 0�78583 0�78575 0�78566 0�78558 0�78549 0�78540 0�78532 0�78523 0�78515
25. 0�78506 0�78497 0�78489 0�78480 0�78472 0�78463 0�78454 0�78446 0�78437 0�78429
26. 0�78420 0�78411 0�78403 0�78394 0�78386 0�78377 0�78368 0�78360 0�78351 0�78343
27. 0�78334 0�78325 0�78317 0�78308 0�78299 0�78291 0�78282 0�78274 0�78265 0�78256
28. 0�78248 0�78239 0�78230 0�78222 0�78213 0�78205 0�78196 0�78187 0�78179 0�78170
29. 0�78161 0�78153 0�78144 0�78136 0�78127 0�78118 0�78110 0�78101 0�78092 0�78084
30. 0�78075 0�78066 0�78058 0�78049 0�78040 0�78032 0�78023 0�78014 0�78006 0�77997
14

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Calculation
The density of a solid object is calculated
based on the ratio
ρ : W (a) = ρ (fl) : W (a) – W (fl)
Thus:
W (a) ∙ ρ (fl)
ρ =
W (a) – W (fl)
W (a) – W (fl) = G =
buoyancy of the sample
Where:
ρ = the density of the solid object
ρ (fl) = the density of the liquid
W (a) = the weight of the solid object
in air
W (fl) = the weight of the solid object
in liquid
Appendix
To gain a better understanding of the
process, the theory behind the formulas
and the correction factor is explained here�
Basic Principles
Mass (g)
Density =
Volume (cm3)
The Archimedes’ principle states:
An object immersed in liquid will be
subject to a buoyant force (G)� This force is
equal to the weight of the liquid displaced
by the object�
The volume of the immersed object V (k) is
equal to the volume of the displaced
liquid V (fl)�
The following are determined:
1� Weight in air W (a)
2� Buoyancy of the object in the liquid (G)
The density of an object is:
mass of object
ρ = = W (a)
V (s) = W (a) V (fl)
volume of object
If the density ρ (fl) of the displaced liquid
is known:
Mass (fl)
V (fl) = =
ρ (fl)
G
ρ (fl)
Thus:
W (a) ∙ ρ (fl)
ρ =
G
15

1616
Packing the Density Determination Kit
for Shipping
To pack the density determination kit
for shipping, proceed as follows:
Make sure to place the container and
cover plate in the inner foam piece
exactly as shown in the illustration.
Otherwise you will not be able to place
the density determination kit in its
correct position in the carrying case.
tInsert the immersion frame (1) the inner
foam piece (6)�
tInsert the container (2) into the inner
foam piece (6)�
tPut the cover plate (3) on the container�
tLay the round cushion (4) on the cover
plate�
tInsert the beam (5) over the round
cushion into the inner foam piece from
above�
6
3
4
5
2
1

17
Die Bestandteile � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 19
Inbetriebnahme � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20
Verfahren zur Dichtebestimmung � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 22
Fehlerquellen und Korrekturmöglichkeiten � � � � � � 23
Dichtebestimmung � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 26
– von Festkörpern � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 26
Tabellen � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27
Dichtewerte von H2O � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27
Dichtewerte von Ethanol � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 28
Anhang � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 29
Inhalt
17

1818
Mit diesem Sartorius-Dichtebestimmungsset haben Sie
ein hochwertiges Zubehör zu Ihrer elektronischen
Waage erworben�
Sartorius erleichtert Ihnen mit diesem Zubehör die
tägliche Arbeit�
Bitte lesen Sie die Aufstellungs- und Betriebs anleitung
aufmerksam durch, bevor Sie mit dem Einrichten der
Waage und der Arbeit mit dem Dichtebestimmungsset
beginnen�
Bei Ausrüstung Ihrer Waage mit einem Dichte-
bestimmungsprogramm können Sie die Berechnung
der Dichte vom Programm erledigen lassen.
Beachten Sie in diesem Fall bitte nur die
Einrichtungs- und Arbeitshinweise.
Die Durchführung der Dichtebestimmung sollte dann
erfolgen, wie in der Anleitung des Dichte bestimmungs-
programms beschrieben�

19
Die Bestandteile
1 Gestell
2 Abdeckblech
3 Tauchbügel
4 Tauchkorb
5 Behälter
6 Thermometer
7
Befestigungs klemme

20
Das Dichtebestimmungsset YDK04 kann mit folgenden
Waagen verwendet werden:
– Secura®
Typ 1102, 2102, 3102, 5102
– Quintix®,
Typ 612, 1102, 2102, 3102, 5102
– Practum®
Typ 612, 1102, 2102
Waage vorbereiten
Bevor das Gestell auf die Waage aufgesetzt wird, muss
die Waage modifiziert werden�
tDemontieren Sie die zur Waage gehörenden Waag-
schale und Unterschale�
Dichtebestimmungsset installieren
Gehen Sie bei der Installation des Dichtebestim-
mungssets auf der Waage wie folgt vor:
tMontieren Sie das Gestell auf dem Zapfen der
Waage�
Inbetriebnahme