Sonel PVM-1020 User manual

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USER MANUAL
PHOTOVOLTAIC METER
PVM-1020
SONEL S.A.
Wokulskiego 11
58-100 Świdnica
Poland
Version 1.0230.03.2022

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PVM-1020 is a modern, state-of-the art measuring instrument, easy to operate and safe. Read this
manual to avoid mistakes during the measurements and prevent operational problems.

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CONTENTS
1General information.........................................................................................5
1.1 Safety....................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 General characteristics ............................................................................................7
1.3 Compliance with standards......................................................................................8
2Quick start ........................................................................................................9
2.1 Turning the meter on and off, display backlight ....................................................... 9
2.2 Selection of general measurement parameters ....................................................... 9
2.3 Remembering the last measurement result .............................................................9
2.4 Connectivity between IRM-1 and PVM-1020 .........................................................11
2.4.1 Pairing the meters..........................................................................................................11
2.4.2 Unpairing.......................................................................................................................12
2.4.3 Automatic completion of results with environmental parameters after regaining
connection with the IRM-1 .............................................................................................13
3Measurements................................................................................................14
3.1 Insulation resistance.............................................................................................. 14
3.1.1 Measurement of insulation resistance (PV)....................................................................14
3.1.2 Measurement of insulation resistance (AC)....................................................................17
3.1.3 Additional Information....................................................................................................19
3.2 DC voltage of open UOC circuit...............................................................................20
3.3 DC short circuit current ISC.....................................................................................21
3.4 Automatic measurements (DC)..............................................................................23
3.5 Measurement of operating current and power .......................................................27
3.6 Resetting C-PV clamps..........................................................................................29
3.7 Low-voltage measurement of resistance ...............................................................30
3.7.1 Compensation of test leads resistance - autozeroing.....................................................30
3.7.2 Low-current measurement of resistance........................................................................31
3.7.3 Measurement of continuity of protective conductors and equipotential bondings with
±200 mA current............................................................................................................33
3.8 Diode test with 200 mA current..............................................................................35
3.9 Test of blocking diode with 1000 V voltage............................................................37
4Memory of measurement results..................................................................39
4.1 Recording measurement result data in the memory ..............................................39
4.2 Changing the cell and bank number ......................................................................41
4.3 Viewing memory data............................................................................................. 41
4.4 Deleting memory data............................................................................................ 43
4.4.1 Deleting the selected object and its cells .......................................................................43
4.4.2 Deleting the entire memory............................................................................................44
5Communication..............................................................................................45
5.1 Set of accessories to connect the meter to a PC................................................... 45
5.2 Data transmission using Bluetooth 4.2 module...................................................... 45
6Troubleshooting.............................................................................................46
7Power supply..................................................................................................46
7.1 Monitoring the power supply voltage......................................................................46
7.2 Replacing the (rechargeable) batteries..................................................................47
7.3 General rules of using the Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) batteries........................... 47

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8Cleaning and maintenance ...........................................................................48
9Storage............................................................................................................48
10 Dismantling and disposal .............................................................................48
11 Technical data................................................................................................49
11.1 Basic information ................................................................................................... 49
11.1.1 DC voltage measurement ..............................................................................................49
11.1.2 AC True RMS voltage measurement .............................................................................49
11.1.3 Frequency measurement...............................................................................................49
11.1.4 Measurement of ISC short-circuit current........................................................................49
11.1.5 Measurement of insulation resistance of the module/ PV system ..................................49
11.1.6 Measurement of insulation resistance............................................................................50
11.1.7 Measurement of operating current and power................................................................51
11.1.8 Low-voltage measurement of continuity of circuit and resistance...................................51
11.1.9 Converting measurement results to STC conditions ......................................................51
11.2 Other technical specifications ................................................................................ 52
12 Accessories....................................................................................................53
12.1 Standard accessories ............................................................................................53
12.2 Optional accessories.............................................................................................. 54
13 Manufacturer ..................................................................................................55
14 Laboratory services.......................................................................................56

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1 General information
The following international symbols are used in the device and/or in this manual:
Warning;
See explanation in
the manual
Ground
AC current/voltage
DC current/voltage
Dual insulation
(Protection class)
Declaration of Conform-
ity with EU directives
(Conformité
Européenne)
Do not dispose of
with other house-
hold waste
Recycling information
Confirmed compliance
with Australian Stand-
ards
Measurement categories according to IEC 61010-2-030:
CAT II –concerns measurements performed in circuits directly connected to low voltage in-
stallations,
CAT III –concerns measurements performed in buildings installations,
CAT IV –concerns measurements performed at the source of low voltage installation.

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1.1 Safety
To avoid electric shock or fire, you must observe the following guidelines:
Before you proceed to operate the device, acquaint yourself thoroughly with this manual and ob-
serve the safety regulations and specifications defined by the producer.
Any application that differs from those specified in this manual may result in damage to the device
and constitute a source of danger for the user.
The device must be operated solely by appropriately qualified personnel with relevant certificates
to realise measurements of electric installation. Operating the analyzer by unauthorised personnel
may result in damage to the device and constitute a source of danger for the user.
Using this manual does not exclude the need to comply with occupational health and safety regu-
lations and with other relevant fire regulations required during the performance of a particular type
of work. Before starting the work with the device in special environments, e.g. potentially fire-
risk/explosive environment, it is necessary to consult it with the person responsible for health and
safety.
Before starting the work, check the device, wires, adapters, current probe and other accessories
for any sign of mechanical damage. Pay special attention to the connectors
It is unacceptable to operate:
it is damaged and completely or partially out of order,
its cords and cables have damaged insulation,
of the device and accessories mechanically damaged,
it was stored for an excessive period of time in disadvantageous conditions (e.g. excessive hu-
midity) After moving the device from a cool to a warm place with a high level of relative humidity,
do not start measurements until the device is warmed up to the ambient temperature (approxi-
mately 30 minutes).
Do not operate a meter with an open or incorrectly closed battery (accumulator) compartment or
power it from other sources than those specified in the present manual.
Dangerous voltages occur inside the device. Before removing the battery cover, always discon-
nect all the test leads and turn off the device.
symbol shown on the display indicates insufficient voltage of power supply and the need to
charge the accumulator or replace batteries. Measurements performed with the meter supplied
with insufficient voltage are burdened with additional errors that are impossible to be estimated by
the user. Such measurements must not be used to confirm correctness of the tested photovoltaic
installation or network.
Battery spill and damage to the meter may occur if discharged batteries are left inside it.
Before measurement, make sure that test leads are connected to appropriate measuring termi-
nals.
Do not use the device in power supply systems with voltage higher than 600 V AC.
Do not connect the inputs of the device to photovoltaic systems with voltage exceeding 1000 V
DC and short-circuit current exceeding 20 A.
The PE terminal should only be used to connect the ground of photovoltaic systems. Don't apply
any voltage to it!
Opening the socket plug of the current clamps results in the loss of its declared tightness, leading
to a possible damage in adverse weather conditions. It may also expose the user to the risk of
electric shock.
Do not carry the meter holding it by the wire of current clamps
Repairs may be performed only by an authorised service point.

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NOTE!
Only accessories intended for a given device should be used, as listed in section 12. Us-
ing other accessories may cause damage to measuring terminals, introduce additional
measurement errors and create a risk for the user.
Due to continuous development of the meter’s software, the actual appearance of the
display, in case of some of the functions, may slightly differ from the display presented in
this operating manual.
Do not touch the tested object during the RISO insulation resistance measurement or after the
measurement before it is fully discharged. It may result in electric shock.
RCONT continuity measurement may be performed only on fully discharged objects.
1.2 General characteristics
PVM-1020 is a multifunctional measuring device designed to measure the parameters of photovoltaic
systems and the parameters of the inverter connection points to the power grid. It allows you to per-
form the necessary measurements for a photovoltaic system according to category 1 specified in
standard "IEC 62446-1 - Photovoltaic systems (PV). Testing, documentation and maintenance re-
quirements. Part 1: Networked Systems. Documentation, acceptance and supervision ”.
Measured parameters:
DC voltage of an open module / chain PV –UOC,
AC voltage on the AC side (connection of the inverter to the power grid),
DC short-circuit current of the PV module/chain –ISC,
RISOPV insulation resistance of the PV system on the DC side by method 1 according to IEC
62446-1 standard (i.e. the measurement does not cause a module / string short-circuit), al-
lowing the determination of the insulation resistance of the PV module / string at both poles:
RISO+ and RISO-,
RISO insulation resistance of the PV system on the AC side (connection of the inverter to the
power grid),
DC current and power of the PV module / string / system on the DC side,
DC and power of the PV system on the AC side (connection of the inverter to the power
grid),
circuit continuity (RCONT) of the earthing and equipotential bonding cables of the PV module /
string,
parameters of the blocking diode, used in PV systems.
The meter is equipped with banana sockets and a socket for current clamps. The sockets are
used for functional measurements of the systems (when working with the inverter turned on). Meas-
urements are made using the sockets marked as "+" and "-". The (PE) socket is used for measur-
ing the insulation resistance of a photovoltaic system by the short-circuit method, which allows user to
measure the system as a whole, in one measurement, regardless of its power.
The meter has two radio interfaces (not working simultaneously): Bluetooth and LoRa.
The Bluetooth module is used for communication between the meter and a computer in or-
der to download the results from the memory.
The LoRa module is used for communication with IRM-1.
IRM-1 is a meter designed for measuring solar irradiance and the temperature of photo-
voltaic cells and their environment. The data it provides is necessary to convert the val-
ues measured by PVM-1020 to the STC conditions. The standardized values enable the
user to determine whether the photovoltaic system is working with optimal efficiency and
to check the PV modules for potential damage.

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1.3 Compliance with standards
PVM-1020 meets the requirements of the following standards:
IEC 61557-1 –Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1 000 V AC and 1
500 V DC –Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures –Part 1:
General requirements.
IEC 61557-2 –Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1 000 V AC and 1
500 V DC –Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures –Part 2:
Insulation resistance.
IEC 61557-4 –Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1 000 V AC and 1
500 V DC –Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures –Part 4:
Resistance of earth connection and equipotential bonding.
IEC 61557-10 –Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1 000 v a.c. and 1
500 v d.c. –Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures –Part
10: Combined measuring equipment for testing, measuring and monitoring of protective
measures.
Safety standards:
IEC 61010-1 –Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and
laboratory use –Part 1: General requirements.
IEC 61010-2-030 –Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control,
and laboratory use –Part 2-030: Particular requirements for equipment having testing or
measuring circuits.
IEC 61010-2-034 –Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control,
and laboratory use –Part 2-034: Particular requirements for measurement equipment for in-
sulation resistance and test equipment for electric strength.
Standards for electromagnetic compatibility:
IEC 61326-1 –Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use –EMC re-
quirements –Part 1: General requirements.
Referenced standards
IEC 62446-1 with Appendix A1 –Photovoltaic (PV) systems –Requirements for testing,
documentation and maintenance –Part 1: Grid connected systems –Documentation, com-
missioning tests and inspection.
IEC 60891 –Photovoltaic devices –Procedures for temperature and irradiance corrections
to measured I-V characteristics.

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2 Quick start
2.1 Turning the meter on and off, display backlight
Briefly press button to turn on the meter. Press it for a longer time to turn it off (OFF is
displayed).
Press briefly the button during meter operation to turn on/off the display and keypad
display.
2.2 Selection of general measurement parameters
+
Keeping the SET/SEL button depressed, turn on the meter and wait for
the parameter selection screen.
Use SET/SEL buttons to go to the next parameter.
Use ◄► buttons to go to the next parameter. The value or symbol to
be changed is flashing.
Use ▲▼ buttons to change the parameter value. The value or symbol
to be changed is flashing.
Set the parameters according to the algorithm on the next page.
Press ENTER to approve the changes and go to the measurement
function or go to the measurement function without confirming the
changes by pressing ESC.
2.3 Remembering the last measurement result
Result of the latest measurement is remembered by the meter until a next measurement is
started or the measuring function is changed by means of the rotary switch or the meter is switched
off. When entering the start screen of a given function by pressing the ESC button (or when it is dis-
played automatically 10 seconds after the measurement has been taken), the user may recall this re-
sult by pressing ENTER.

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Meter settings
▲ ▼
▪ 1,2 V NiMH
▪ 1,5 V AA
Selecting the power source: ac-
cumulators / batteries
Time and date
PIN
▪ Bluetooth communication: au-
tomatic / disabled
▪ PIN
▲ ▼
▲ ▼
0
…
9999
▪ BT Auto
▪ BT - - -
▪ - - -
▪ 5 min
▪ 15 min ▪ 30 min
Auto-OFF
▪ disabled
▪ AUTO-OFF time
► ◄
► ◄
0
…
9999
PIN 0000
…
PIN 9999
▪ on
▪ - - -
Sounds: on / off
▪ on
▪ - - -
Pairing with IRM-1 meters
▪ - - -
▪ START
Software updates: no /yes The
update process is triggered by
an application on the computer.
You can exit it by turning off the
meter.
▪ - - -
▪ START
Factory reset: no / yes
3 s

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2.4 Connectivity between IRM-1 and PVM-1020
If the IRM-1 meters have been paired with the PVM-1020, the device searches for them when
turned on. When IRM-1 is found, a connection is established and the screen shows . The PVM-
1020 remembers the last 3 paired IRM-1's.
2.4.1 Pairing the meters
If the pairing with the IRM-1 has not been made, it should be done as indicated below.
Turn on the IRM-1 meter to be paired. Set it to pairing mode.
In the PVM-1020 settings, enter the pairing screen with IRM-1.
IRM-1 within the range of the meter
Many IRM-1's within range of the meter. There
are other IRM-1 meters paired with PVM-1020
meter
Use buttons to display "START" screen.
Press START. Confirmation of pairing the IRM-1
with the PVM-1020 will be displayed.
Press ENTER to go to the measurement screen
and confirm the remaining meter settings. Press
ESC to go to the measurement screen without
confirming the remaining meter settings.

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2.4.2 Unpairing
In the PVM-1020 settings, enter the pairing screen with IRM-1.
One paired IRM-1
within range of the meter
Multiple paired IRM-1's
within range of the meter
.Use the serial number of IRM-1 to select the de-
vice to be unpaired
Use buttons to display "- - - -" screen.
Press START.
The pairing of IRM-1 with PVM-1020 has been delet-
ed.
Press ENTER to go to the measurement screen
and confirm the remaining meter settings. Press
ESC to go to the measurement screen without
confirming the remaining meter settings.

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2.4.3 Automatic completion of results with environmental parameters after
regaining connection with the IRM-1
It may happen that in the course of measurements the PVM-1020 moves away from the IRM-1 so far,
that communication between them is lost. If the measurements are continued, then after the connec-
tion is restored, the results will be automatically supplemented with environmental parameters,
which in the meantime were recorded by the IRM-1 in its temporary memory, and converted into
STC conditions.
The number of supplemented environmental parameters is limited by the capacity of
the IRM-1 temporary memory, and the data is transferred starting from the newest.
Therefore, it may happen that the oldest results are not completed.
Supplementing a single result with environmental parameters may take –depending on
the conditions –up to 60 seconds.

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3 Measurements
WARNING
During a measurement, switching of the rotary switch is forbidden as it may damage
the meter and pose a threat to the user.
3.1 Insulation resistance
3.1.1 Measurement of insulation resistance (PV)
WARNING
Before testing the object, restrict access to it by unauthorized persons.
Do not touch any metal parts of the photovoltaic system and the rear part of the
modules during the measurement.
Turn on the meter.
Set the rotary switch of function selection at
RISOPV position.
UISO
▲
▼
▪ 250 V
▪ 500 V
▪ 1000 V
Press and hold SET/SEL.
Set the measurement voltage according to the
algorithm and according to the rules described in
general parameters setting.
Connect test leads according to the drawings.
The PV system has an accessible, grounded struc-
ture (including frames of the module). Then one
measurement is enough.

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The PV system has no grounded structure. Then,
two measurements are necessary:
between system wires "+", "-" and the system
frame,
between system wires "+", "-" and the ground-
ing.
The PV system has no conductive parts available
(e.g. solar roof tiles). Then, the measurement
should be made between system wires "+", "-" and
grounding of the building.
The meter is ready for measurement if it de-
tects voltage UDC ≥10 V on the object.
Voltmeter indicating voltage at the object
Press START. Measurement will begin.
Read out the result.
UISO –test voltage
- compliance of the result with the require-
ments of IEC 62446 standard
E - solar irradiance of the tested object
TPV –temperature of the tested object

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To read additional results, press ◄►.
IL+ –current flowing through the R+ re-
sistance
IL- –current flowing through the R- re-
sistance
WARNING
During measurements of insulation resistance, dangerous voltage within the
range of 1000…1050 V is present at the ends of test leads of the meter.
It is forbidden to disconnect test leads and to change the position of the function
switch before completion of measurement. Failure to obey the above instruction
will lead to high voltage electric shock and make it impossible to discharge the
tested object.
The meter emits a continuous audio signal until test voltage reaches 90% of the preset
value (and also when 110% of the preset value is exceeded).
After completion of measurement, the capacitance of the object tested is discharged by
shorting "+" and "-" terminals with resistance of 140 kΩ.
The result can be stored in the memory (see sec. 4.1). The last measurement result is
stored until START button is pressed again or the position of rotary switch is changed.
Additional information displayed by the meter
The tested object is live. The measurement is blocked. Immediately
disconnect the meter from the tested object (both leads)!
Activation of current limit. The symbol displayed is accompanied by a
continuous beep.
The tested object is live. The measurement is possible, but without
guaranteed accuracy.
The tested object is being discharged.

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3.1.2 Measurement of insulation resistance (AC)
WARNING
The tested object must not be live.
Turn on the meter.
Set the rotary switch of function selection at RISO
position.
UISO
▲
▼
▪ 250 V
▪ 500 V
▪ 1000 V
Press and hold SET/SEL.
Set the measurement voltage according to the
algorithm and according to the rules described in
general parameters setting.
Connect test leads according to the drawing.
The meter is ready for measurement.
Voltmeter indicating voltage at the object

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Press and hold START button. The meas-
urement will continue until the button is re-
leased.
+
To lock the measurement, while holding down
press ENTER, while holding down START
button. The measurement is interrupted by
pressing START or ESC.
Read out the result.
UISO –test voltage
IL–test current
E - solar irradiance of the tested object
TPV –temperature of the tested object
WARNING
During measurements of insulation resistance, dangerous voltage in the range
1000 V… 1050 V occurs at the ends of the test leads of the meter. It is forbidden to
disconnect the test leads and change the position of the function switch before the
measurement is completed. Failure to obey the above instruction will lead to high
voltage electric shock and make it impossible to discharge the tested object.
During measurement, especially of high resistances, make sure that test leads do not
touch each other and probes, because such a contact may cause the flow of surface
currents resulting in additional error in measurement results.
The meter emits a continuous audio signal until test voltage reaches 90% of the preset
value (and also when 110% of the preset value is exceeded).
During the measurement, the meter generates a beep every five seconds - it facilitates
capturing time parameters.
When the measurement cycle is upheld by pressing ENTER it is indicated by:
o a short break in the beep, when the test voltage has not reached 90% or ex-
ceeded 110% of set value,
o a short beep if the test voltage is between 90% and 110% of set value.
After completion of measurement, the capacitance of the object tested is discharged by
shorting "+" and "-" terminals with resistance of 140 kΩ.
The result can be stored in the memory (see sec. 4.1). The last measurement result is
stored until START button is pressed again or the position of rotary switch is changed.