Tektronix 211 User manual

TEKTRONIX@

211

. OSCILLOSCOPE

OPERATORS

MANUAL

Copyright

Tektronix,

Inc.,

Beaverton, Oregon. Printed

in

the

Unit

ed

States

of

America.

All

rights reserved.

Contents

of

this

public

at

ion may n

ot

be r

eproduced

in

any form

without

permission

of

the

copy

right owner.

U.S.A. and foreign

Tektronix

product

s covered

by

U.S. and foreign

pat

e

nt

s

and/or

pat

ents

pending.

Tektronix,

In

c.

P.O

. Box

500

Beaverton, Oregon

97005

070

-

116

3-00 971

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

Introduction

General

Operating Voltage

Internal Battery Operation

AC

Operation

Battery Charging

Operating

Temperature

Controls And Connectors

General

Operator's Adjustments

General

®

Vertical Gain

Step

Attenuator

Balance

Horizontal Gain

Horizontal Timing

Focus

Auto

Preset

211-0perators

Ma

nu

al

Page

1

2

3

4

5

10

11

CONTENTS

(cont)

General Operating Information

Intensity Control

Graticule

Deflection

Factor

Signal Connections

Ground

Considerations

Input

Coupling

Trigger Source

Trigger Coupling

Trigger Slope

Trigger Level

Horizontal Sweep Rate

External Horizontal Operation

Applications

General

ii

Peak-To-Peak Voltage

Measurements-AC

DC

Voltage Measurements

Time-Duration Measurements

Determining Frequency

Risetime Measurements

211-

0perators

Manual

Page

12

13

14

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

25

28

31

32

®

211

OSCILLOSCOPE

INTRODUCTION

General

The

211 Oscilloscope

is

a single-channel,

500

kilohertz

portable

instrument

using

only

solid state and integrated

circuit

components

(except

CRT)

.

The

small size

of

the 211

makes

it

an

extremely

portable

oscilloscope

for

on-location

maintenance in

many

fields

of

application.

The

instrument

is

mechanically

constructed

to

withstand

the shock,

vibration,

and

other

extreme

conditions

associated

with

portability.

The

DC

to

500

kilohertz

vertical system pro-

vides vertical

deflection

factors

from

one

millivolt

(at

reduced

bandwidth)

to

50

volts

/

division

at the

tip

of

the

integral high-impedance probe.

The

trigger

circuits

provide

stable triggering over the

full

bandwidth

capabili

tie

s

of

the

vertical system.

The

horizontal

deflection

system provides

calibrated

sweep rates

from

200

milliseconds

to

five

microseconds/

division.

A

continuously

variable sweep

magnifier

provides

uncalibrated sweep rates

to

at least five times the

indicated

sweep rate,

for

a

maximum

sweep rate

of

at

lea

st one

microsecond/division.

In

addition,

external

horizontal

amplifier

operation

provides

horizontal

deflect

ion

factors

of

one and 10 volts/

division.

The

resultant

CRT

display

produced

by

the vertical and

horizontal

deflection

systems

®

211-0perators

Manual 1

is

presented

on

a 6 x

10

division

graticule

(each division

equals

0.203

inch).

The

211

can

be

operated

either

from

AC line voltage

or

from

internal

rechargeable

batteries.

Maximum

total

power

consumption

is

two

watts.

The

internal

batteries

can

be

recharged

from

the

AC

power

line

by

the

integral

battery

charger

(instrument

off).

OPERATING

VOLTAGE

Internal

Battery

Operation

The

211

is

designed

primarily

for

operation

from

the

internal rechargeable

batteries.

The

operating

time

provided

from

the

internal

batteries

depends

on

trace

intensity,

charge

temperature,

and

discharge

temperature.

Typical

operating

time

from

fully

charged

bat

terie

s

at

maximum

trace

intensity

when

charged

and

operated

at

+20°

C

to

+30°C

(+68°F

to

+86°F)

is

4.5

hours.

Extended

operating

time

is

provided

at

lower

trace

intensity.

The

BATTERY

meter

provides

an

indication

of

relative

charge

level. When

the

meter

indicates

in

the

FULL

range,

the

internal

batteries

are

charged

to

a

sufficient

level

to

operate

the

instrument.

However,

if

the

BATTERY

meter

is

out

of

the

FU

LL

region,

not

more

than

15

minutes

of

instrument

operation

remains.

The

211

incorporates

an

automatic

battery

protection

circuit

to

prevent

deep

dis-

2

211-0perators

Manual ®

charge and

the

resulting

battery

damage if

the

instrument

is

operated

after

the

battery

charge level falls

to

about

10

volts.

AC Operation

All

power

li

ne voltages

must

be

sinuso

id

al. If

the

in

ternal

batter

ies

of

the

2

11

become

discharged

to

the

minimum

operating

level,

continued

operation

can

be

obtained

by

connecting

the

instrument

to

an

AC

power

source

with

the

attached

power

cord.

Due

to

the

circuitry

connected

wi

th

the

internal

battery

charger,

the

AC

power

line voltage

must

be

at

least

110

volts

for

operation

in

th

is

manner

.

..

Also,

when

operated

with

fully-charged

batteries

from

an

AC line below

about

110

volts and

at

maximum

true

intensity,

the

internal

batteries

slowly discharge; approxi-

mately

36

hours

of

continuous

operation

can

be

obtained

with fully charged

batteries

at

maximum

intensity

and

104-volt line.

The

internal

batteries

cannot

be

recharged

while

the

instrument

is

operated

from

the

AC line.

If

the

21

1

is

to

be

operated

on

a

power

line

other

than

115 VAC

60

Hz,

two

considerations

arise.

The

electrical

value

of

capacitors (C204,

C210, C212,

and C215)

in

the

instrument's

power

input

circuitry

must

be

changed. Refer

to

the

Maintenance

Section

of

the

Maintenance Manual

for

the

appropr

i

ate

values

of

capacitance

to

be

used .

® 211-0perators Manual 3

Also,

when

operating

the

211

on

other

power

sources,

in

all

likelihood

it will

be

necessary

to

adapt

the

power

plug

of

the

instrument's

attached

power

cord

to

the

power

outlet

receptacle

of

the

power

line

being

used.

Tho

se

instruments

ordered

specifically

for

use

outside

of

the

United

States

will

have

included

as an

additional

standard

accessory

a

power

cord

with

a

female

connector

on

one

end

that

mates

with

the

plug

on

the

211 's

power

cord,

and

no

plug

or

connector

on

the

other

end.

The

user

can

instalI

the

appropriate

plug

on

the

open

end

of

this

additional

cord,

and

then

use

this

cord

to

connect

the

211

to

the

various

power

outlet

receptacles.

Battery Charging

The

charging

characteristics

of

the

nickel-cadmium

(N

iCd) cells used

in

th

is

instrument

vary

with

the

temperature

at

which

they

are

charged.

Batteries

charged

at

about

+20

°C

to

+30°C

(+68°F

to

+86°F)

will deliver

more

energy

than

when

the

same

batteries

are

charged

at

a

higher

or

lower

temperature.

To

charge

the

batteries,

connect

the

instrument

to

an

AC line

and

set

the

POWER

switch

to

the

OFF

position.

Allow

at

least

16

hours

for

the

batteries

to

reach full

charge.

For

longest

operating

life

of

the

batteries,

increase

the

charge

time

of

the

instrument

to

at

least

24

hours

about

once

a

month

.

Thi

s

procedure

balances

the

charge

on

all

cells

in

the

battery,

and

reduces

the

possibility

of

any

individual cell

becoming

reverse

charged

.

4

211-0perators

Manual

®

When the

instrument

is stored and

not

used

for

extended

periods

of

time,

the

nickel

-

cadmium

batteries

may

self-

discharge. The rate at

which

this

self-discharge occurs

is

dependent

upon

the storage

temperature

and

humid

i

ty

.

If

th

is

instrument

is

to

be

stored

for

extended periods

of

time,

particularly

at

either

high

ambient

temperature

or

high

humidity,

it

is

recommended

that

the batteries

be

run

through

a

full

charge cycle

(16

hour

s) a

bout

every

two

weeks,

or

that

the ins

trument

be

left

connected

to

the

AC

line.

Operating Temperature

The

211 can

be

operated where the

ambient

air

temperature

is

between

-15

°C and

+55

°C (+5°F and

+131°

F)

.

The

batteries should be charged

onl

y in

ambient

temperatures between 0°C and +

40

°C (+32°F and +104°

F)

.

CONTROLS

AND

CONNECTORS

General

The

controls

and connectors

for

operation

of

the 211

are located on the

right

side

of

the

in

s

trument

.

To

make

full

use

of

the capabilities

of

this

instrument,

the

operator

should

be

familiar

with

the

function

and

use

of

each

of

these

controls

and connectors. A

brief

description

of

each

control

and

connector

is

given here. Some

of

the

more

important

instrument

specifications are included here also.

®

211-0perators

Manual 5

1.

VOL

TS/DIV-selects

vertical

deflection

factor

(variable

con-

trol

must

be

in

CAL

position

for

indicated

deflection).

Calibrated

position

accuracy

within

5%.

Vertical

system

bandwidth:

1

mV/

div,

100

kHz;

2

mV/div,

200

kHz;

5

mV/div,

400

kHz;

10

mV/

div

to

50

V/div,

500

kHz.

6

211-0perators

Manual ®

2.

SEC/DIV

OR

VOLTS/DIV-selects

horizontal

sweep

rate

(HORIZ

MAG

must

be

in

CAL

position

for

indicated

sweep

rate).

10

V

and

1 V

positions

allow

external

horizontal

oper-

ation

with

the

horizontal

deflection

provided

by

a signal

con-

nected

to

the

EXT

TRIG

OR

HORIZ

INPUT

banana

jack

.

Calibrated

sweep

rate

accuracy

within

5%.

External

horizontal

deflection

factor

accuracy

within

10%.

3.

STEP

ATTENuator

BALance-a

screwdr

iver

adjustment

to

balance

the

vertical

amplifier

system

for

minimum

trace

shift

when

switching

deflection

factors.

4.

Vertical

POSITION-controls

the

vertical

position

of

the

trace

.

5.

Horizontal

POSITION-controls

the

horizontal

position

of

the

trace.

6.

VOL

TS/DIV

VARiable

-prov

ides

continuously

variable

deflection

factors

between

the

calibrated

settings

of

the

VOL

TS/DIV

switch.

Extends

the

maximum

deflection

factor

to

at

lea

st

150

volts/div.

7.

HORIZontal

MAGnifier

-pro

vides

continuously

variable

(un-

calibrated)

sweep

magnification

to

a

max

i

mum

of

about

five

times

the

sweep

rate

indicated

by

the

SEC/DIV

switch.

8.

VERTical

GAIN-screwdriver

adjustment

to

set

the

gain

of

the

vertical

amplifier

system.

9.

HORIZontal

GAIN-screwdriver

adjustment

to

set

the

basic

gain

of

the

horizontal

amplifier

system.

10.

SWP

CAL-screwdriver

adjustment

to

provide

calibrated

sweep

timing.

®

211-0perators

Manual

7

11.

INTENSITY-controls

brightness

of

CRT

display.

12.

LEVEL/SLOPE-selects

the

amplitude

point

and

the

slope

of

a

trigger

signal

on

which

the

sweep

is

triggered.

When

the

in-

dicator

dot

is

to

the

left

of

center,

the

sweep

is

triggered

on

the

positive-going

slope

of

the

trigger

signal;

to

the

right

of

center,

on

the

negative-going

slope.

When

the

LEVEL/SLOPE

control

is

set

to

the

AUTO

PRESET

detent,

the

sweep

is

automatically

triggered

at

a

preset

level

on

the

positive-going

slope.

Stable

triggering

requires

a

minimum

of

0.2

division

internal

or

1.0

volt

external

signal

amplitude.

8

211-0perators

Manual ®

13.

AUTO

PRESET-screwdriver

adjustment

to

set

the

AUTO

PRESET

trigger

point

for

automatic

trigger

operation.

14

.

FOCUS-screwdriver

adjustment

to

obtain

a

well-defined

display.

15.

INPUT

COUPLING-selects

the

method

used

to

couple

the

input

signal

to

the

vertical

amplifier

system.

AC-

The

DC

component

of

input

signal is

blocked.

Low

frequency

limit

(-3

dB

point)

is

approximately

2 Hz.

GND-vertical

amplifier

input

circuit

is

grounded

.

The

applied

input

signal is

connected

to

ground

through

a large

resistor

to

provide

a

pre-charge

path

for

the

AC

input

coupling

capacitor.

DC-all

components

of

the

input

signal

are

passed

to

the

vertical

amplifier

system

input

.

16.

POWER-controls

power

to

the

instrument

.

Does

not

interrupt

charging

current

to

the

internal

batteries

when

the

instrument

is

connected

to

an

AC

line

voltage.

17.

INT-EXT

-selects

the

source

of

the

trigger

signal.

INTernal

-t

he

sweep

is

triggered

from

a

sample

of

the

vertical

deflection

signal.

EXTernal-the

sweep

is

triggered

from

t

he

signal

applied

to

the

EXT

TRIG

OR

HORIZ

INPUT

banana

jack.

18.

EXT

TRIG

OR

HORIZ

INPUT-banana

jack

for

external

trigger

or

external

horizontal

signal

input.

19

.

GND-banana

jack

to

establish

common

ground

between

the

211

and

the

external

signal

source

or

equipment

under

test

.

20.

BATTERY-expanded-scale

meter

to

indicate

the

charge

level

of

the

internal

batteries

.

®

211-0perators

Manual 9

OPERATOR'S ADJUSTMENTS

General

There

are several basic

instrument

parameters

that

should

be

checked

occasionally

and,

if

necessary,

adjusted

to

meet

specifications

in

order

to

assure

measurement

accuracy.

These

are

readily

accessible as

screwdriver

adjust-

ments

on

the

instrument

side

panel.

The

following

provides

brief

calibration

information

for

these

external

adjust-

ments.

The

operator

shou

Id

be fam

ii

iar

with

instrument

operation

before

attempting

to

make

these

adjustments.

Vertical Gain

Connect

the

211

probe

tip

to

an

accurate

0.2-volt

source

such as a

Tektronix

067-0502-01

Standard

Amplitude

Cali-

brator.

Set

the

VOLTS

/

DIV

switch

to

50

m

and

set

the

VERT

GAIN

adjustment

for

exactly

four

divisions

of

deflection.

Step Attenuator Balance

Obtain

a

free-running

trace

with

no

signal

applied

to

the

vertical

system

input.

While

switching

the

VOL

TS/DIV

switch

between

50

m

and

1

m,

adjust

the

STEP

ATTEN

BAL

adjustment

for

minimum

trace

shift

between

switch

positions.

10 211- 0 perators Ma

nu

al

®

Horizontal

Ga

in

Set the SEC/

DIV

switch

to

1

V.

Connect

an

accurate

five-volt

source (such

as

Tektronix

067-0502-01 Standard

Amplitude

Calibrator)

to

the

EXT

TRIG

OR

HOR

IZ

INPUT

banana jack.

Adjust

the

HOR

IZ

GAIN

adjustment

for

exactly

five divisions

of

deflection

.

Horizontal Timing

Connect

the

211 probe

tip

to

some accurate

timing

standard (such

as

the

Tektronix

2901

Time-Mark

Generator).

With

the SEC/

DIV

switch set

to

1 m,

apply

one

millisecond time marks.

Adjust

the

TRIGGER

controls

for

a stable display.

Adjust

the

SWP

CAL

adjustment

for

··

exactly

eight

divi

sions

of

deflection

between the second

and

tenth

time

mark

.

Focus

Set the SEC/

DIV

switch

to

10 V and the

INPUT

COUPLING

switch

to

GND.

With

no signal applied

to

the

EXT

TRIG

OR

HORIZ

INPUT

banana jack, adjust the

FOCUS screwdriver

adjustment

for

optimum

focus

of

the

CRT

display

(a

single

dot)

.

Auto

Preset

Connect the 211 probe

tip

to

a sine-wave signal source

within

the

bandwidth

limits

of

the 211 . Set

the

LEVEL/

®

211-0perators

Manual

11

SLOPE

cont

rol to the

AUTO

PRESET

detent

and adjust

the

VOLTS

/

DIV

and SEC/

DIV

s

witche

s

for

a display

approximately

four

divisions

in

amplitude

with

one

cycle

of

signal displayed every

two

or

three divisions.

Vertically

center the display

about

the

center

horizontal

graticule line,

using the

Vertical

POSITION

control.

Adju

st the

AUTO

PRESET

adjustment

so

the

CRT

display

start

s on the

center

horizontal

graticule line.

GENERAL OPERATING

INFORMATION

Intensity Control

The

INTENSITY

control

determines the brightness

of

the display presented on the

CRT

. Since the brightness

of

the

CRT

display affects the

amount

of

current

drained

from

the batterie

s,

the

INTENSITY

control

should

be

set

to

the

minimum

level

that

provides a usable display.

This

will

allow

the

maximum

operating

time

from

the internal

batteries.

The

setting

of

the

INTENSITY

control

may

affect

the

correct

focus

of

the display.

Slight

re-adjustment

of

the

FOCUS

may

be

necessa

ry

when

the

intensity

level

is

changed.

To

protect

the

CRT

phosphor,

do

not

turn

the

INTENSITY

control

higher

than

necessary

to

provide

a sat-

isfactory

display

.

Be

careful

that

the

INTENSITY

control

is

not

set

too

high when changing

the

SEC/

DIV

switch

from

a

fast

to

a slow sweep rate,

or

when

changing

to

the external

horizontal

mode

of

operation.

12

211-0perators

Ma

nu

al

®

Graticule

The

graticule

of

the 211

is

internally

marked on the

face-plate

of

the

CRT

to

provide

accurate, no-parallax

measurements.

The

graticule

is

marked

with

six vertical and

10

horizontal

divisions. Each

major

division

is

segmented

into

five

minor

divisions at the center vertical and

horizontal

lines.

The

vertical gain and

horizontal

timing

are

calibrated

to

the graticule,

so

accurate measurements can

be

made

from

the

CRT

display.

Deflection Factor

The

amount

of

vertical

deflection

produced

by

a signal

is

.

determined

by

the signal

amplitude,

the setting

of

the

VOLTS

/

DIV

switch,

and the setting

of

the

VOLTS

/

DIV

VAR

control.

The

calibrated

deflection

factors indicated

by

the

VOL

TS

/

DIV

switch

apply

only

when the

VOL

TS/

DIV

VAR

control

is

set

to

the

CAL

detent

(fully

clockwise).

The

VOLTS

/

DIV

VAR

control

provides variable (uncali-

brated) vertical

deflection

factors between the calibrated

settings

of

the

VOLTS

/

DIV

switch

. The

VOLTS

/

DIV

VAR

control

extends the

maximum

vertical

deflection

factor

of

the 211

to

at

least

150

volts/

division

(50

volts

position).

Signal Connections

A high-impedance signal probe

is

permanently

attached

to

the 211.

This

probe provides a one-megohm

input

®

211-0perators

Manual 13

impedance

and

a

shielded

input

cable

to

prevent

pickup

of

electrostatic

interference.

Since

the

probe

is

permanently

attached,

the

vertical

deflection

factors

can

be

read

directly

from

the

VOLTS

/

DIV

switch

at

all

times.

Signals

can

be

connected

to

the

EXT

TRIG

OR

HOR IZ

INPUT

banana

jack

with

short

unshielded

leads

under

most

conditions

. Be

sure

to

establish

a

common

ground

between

the

211

and

the

equipment

under

test.

Attempt

to

position

the

unshielded

leads

away

from

any

source

of

interference

to

avoid

errors

in

triggering

or

in

the

external

horizontal

display.

If

interference

is

excessive

with

unshielded

leads,

use a

coaxial

cable

with

a

suitable

adapter.

Ground Considerations

Reliable signal

measurements

cannot

be

made

unless

both

the

oscilloscope

and

the

unit

under

test

are

connected

together

by

a

common

reference

(ground)

lead in

addition

to

the

signal lead

or

probe

.

The

ground

strap

on

the

attached

probe

provides

the

best

ground.

Also, a

ground

lead

can

be

connected

to

the

211

chassis

GND

banana

jack

to

establish

a

common

ground

with

the

signal

source.

Input

Coupling

The

INPUT

COUPLING

switch

allows

a

choice

of

coupling

method

for

the

applied

signal.

The

type

of

display

desired

and

the

applied

signal

determines

the

coupling

~

method

to

use.

14

211-0perators

Manual

®

The

DC

coupling

position

can

be

used

for

most

appli-

cations.

This

position

allows

measurement

of

the DC

component

of

a signal, and

must

be

used

to

display signals

below

about

10

hertz,

as

they

will

be

attenuated

in the

AC

position.

In

the

AC

coupling

position,

the DC

component

of

the

sig

nal

is

blocked

by

a

capacitor

in the

input

circuit.

The

low-frequency

response in the

AC

position

is

about

two

hertz

(-3

dB

point)

.

Therefor

e,

some

low-frequency

atten-

uation

can

be

expected near

th

is

frequency

Iim

it

.

Attenuation

in the

form

of

waveform

tilt

will

also appear in

sq

uare waves

which

have

low-frequency

compo

nents.

The

AC

coupling

position

provides

the

best display

of

signals

with

a DC

component

which

is

much larger

than

the

AC

component.

The

GND

pos1t1on provides a

ground

reference at the

input

of

the 211

without

the need

to

externally

ground

the

probe. The signal applied

to

the

probe

is

interna

lly

discon-

nected

from

the

input

circuit

and connected

to

ground

through

a one-megohm resistor.

The

input

circuit

is

held at

ground

potential.

Pre-Charging.

The

GND

position

can also

be

used

to

pre-charge the

input

coupling

capacitor

to

the average

voltage level

of

the signal applied

to

the probe.

This

allows

measurement

of

only

the

AC

component

of

signa

ls

having

both

AC

and DC

components

.

The

pre-charging

network

®

211-0perators

Manual 15

incorporated

in

this

unit

allows

the

input-coupling

capacitor

to

charge

to

the

DC

source

voltage level

when

the

INPUT

COUPLING

switch

is

set

to

GND.

The

pre-charge

feature

limits

the

amount

of

current

which

can

be

drawn

from

the

signal

source,

and

therefore

protects

it

from

damage

due

to

excess

current

demand.

The

following pro-

cedure

should

be

used

whenever

the

probe

tip

is

connected

to

a signal

source

having a

different

DC level

than

that

previously

applied.

1. Before

connecting

the

probe

to

a signal

source

with

a

large DC

component,

set

the

INPUT

COUPLING

switch

to

GND.

Then,

connect

the

probe

to

the

signal

source.

2. Wait several

seconds

for

the

input

coupling

capacitor

to

charge.

3.

Set

the

INPUT

COUPLING

switch

to

AC.

The

display

will remain

on

the

screen so

the

AC

component

of

the

signal

can

be

measured

in

the

normal

manner.

Trigger Source

INT.

For

most

applications,

the

sweep

can

be triggered

internally.

In

the

INT

position

of

the

Trigger

Source

switch,

the

trigger signal

is

obtained

from

the

vertical

deflection

system

.

Therefore,

the

sweep

is

triggered

from

the

same

waveform

that

is

displayed

on

the

CRT

.

16

211-0perators

Manual ®

Tektronix 211 User manual

Popular Test Equipment manuals by other brands