Tektronix 434 User manual

Tektronix ,
Inc.
P.O.
Box 500
Beaverton , Oregon
97077
070-1142-01
Product Group 40
Tektronix
COMMITTED
TO
EXCELLENCE
PLEASE CHECK FOR CHANGE
INFORMATION AT THE REAR
OF THIS MANUAL .
434
OSCILLOSCOPE
OPERATORS
INSTRUCTION
Serial Number
MANUAL
First
Printing AUG
1971
Revised MAR 1984

Copyright
1971 ,
1975 Tektronix
, Inc.
All
rights
reserved .
Contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any
form
without the
written
permission of
Tektronix , Inc.
Products of
Tektronix
, Inc. and
its subsidiaries
are
covered
by
U.S. and
foreign
patents and / or
pending
patents .
FERRONK
are
TEKTRONIX
, TEK ,
SCOPE -
MOBILE , and
registered
trademarks
of
Tektronix ,
Inc.
TELEQUIPMENT
is
a
registered
trademark
of
Tektronix
U.K.
Limited .
Printed in U.S.A. Specification and price change priviledges
are
reserved
.
INSTRUMENT
SERIAL
NUMBERS
Each
instrument
has a serial
number
on a
panel insert ,
tag ,
or
stamped on
the chassis
.
The
first
number
or
letter
designates
the country
of
manufacture
.
The
last
five digits
of
the serial
number
are
assigned
sequentially and
are
unique
to
each
instrument
.
Those
manufactured
in
the
United
states
have six
unique
digits . The
country of
manufacture
is
identified
as
follows
:
B000000
Tektronix
, Inc. ,
Beaverton
,
Oregon ,
USA
Tektronix
Guernsey ,
Ltd. ,
Channel
Islands
100000
200000
Tektronix
United
Kingdom , Ltd.
, London
300000
700000
Sony /
Tektronix ,
Japan
Tektronix
Holland , NV ,
Heerenveen
,
The
Netherlands

Introduction
General
....
Operating Voltage
Operating Temperature
Operating
Position
Controls and Connectors
General
Detailed
Basic
Operation
General
Non
-
Store
Display
Magnified Sweep
Display
External
Horizontal
Display
Normal
Storage
Display
Single - Sweep Storage .
Integrated
Fast -
Rise
Waveforms
Fast
Single -
Sweep
Enhancement
User's Calibration
General .....
Trace Rotation
STEP
ATTENuator
BALance
Probe
Compensation
REV AUG
1981
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1
1
2
2
23
2
3
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
15
15
15
15
434
Vertical GAIN .
ASTIGmatism and FOCUS
Basic
Timing
Applications
General ...
DC
Voltage
Level
Measurement
Peak - To - Peak Voltage Measurement - AC
Comparison
Measurements
Time - Duration Measurements .
Frequency
Measurement
Risetime Measurements
Time - Difference Measurements
Multi - Trace Difference Measurements
X - Y Phase Measurement .
Common
-
Mode
Rejection
Page
16
16
16
16
17
18
20
22
24
24
25
27
29
30
Abbreviations and symbols used in this manual are
based on or taken directly from IEEE Standard 260 ' Stan
dard Symbols for Units ' , MIL - STD - 12B and other stan
dards of the electronics industry . Change information , if
any
, is
located at the
rear of
this
manual .
i

434
Oscilloscope
www
JAOKS
AN
FOCUS
www
434
STORAGE
OSCILLOSCOPE
$
um
0100 )
wit
4
POSITION
LEVEL
(
8
OPPER
SCREEN
SONES
111
.
JA
POSITION
CH 3
CH
TIME
/ 9999
VOLTRON
www .
(
2
ADD
MAG
K
AUT
CHOP
WERM
TRIGGER
MENTREŠNJ
CH
CH
2
LEVEL
COURCING
ST
**
BOSTON
1142-16
REV
. A , SEPT .
1975

INTRODUCTION
434 OSCILLOSCOPE
General
The Tektronix 434 Oscilloscope is a solid - state portable
instrument that combines small size and light weight with
the ability to make precision waveform measurements . It is
designed for general - purpose applications where display
storage is desired along with conventional ( non - store ) oper
ation . The instrument contains two vertical signal inputs ,
both of which
are
capable
of
25 -
megahertz
bandwidth
, trig
ger
circuitry
to
permit
obtaining stable CRT
displays , a
hori
zontal deflection
system that
provides
calibrated
(
unmagnified )
sweep rates
from 5
seconds
to 0.2
microsecond / division ( 20 nanoseconds / division magnified ) ,
and storage circuitry to allow retention of a displayed event
on the CRT screen .
REV AUG 1981
To effectively use the 434 Oscilloscope , the operation
and capabilities of the instrument must be known . This Op
erator's Handbook is intended to give the necessary infor
mation to allow a user to become familiar with the
instrument's power requirements , functions of controls and
connectors , and methods of making several different mea
surements of electrical phenomena . Also included is a rudi
mentary
procedure
for
checking
basic
instrument
calibration
.
434
Operating Voltage
For SN
B500000
and up ,
the 434 can
be
operated from a
nominal line voltage of either 115 volts AC or 230 volts AC ,
50 to 400 Hz . Set the LINE SELECTOR switch ( on the rear
panel ) for the available nominal line voltage .
For SN
below
B500000 , the 434
can be
operated on all
nominal line voltages from 100 volts to 240 volts AC , 50 to
400 Hertz . It can also be operated from a 105 volts to 250
volts DC power source . No range switching or selection is
necessary .
CAUTION
This
instrument is
designed for
operation from a pow
er source with its neutral at or near earth ( ground )
potential with a separate safety - earth conductor . It is
not intended for operation from two phases of a multi
phase system , or across the legs of a single - phase ,
three -
wire
system .
The 434 is designed to be used with a three - wire AC
power
system
. If a three- to
two - wire
adapter is used
to
connect this
instrument to a two
- wire AC
power
system
, be
sure to connect the ground lead of the adapter to earth
1

( ground ) . Failure to complete the ground system may allow
the
chassis of this
instrument
to be
elevated above ground
potential
and
pose
a
shock
hazard .
Operating
Temperature
The 434 requires very little air circulation for proper oper
ation . A thermal cutout in the instrument provides thermal
protection and
disconnects the
instrument power
if the inter
nal
temperature
exceeds
a safe
operating level
. Power is
automatically
restored when
the
temperature
returns to a
safe level .
The 434 can be operated where the ambient temperature
is between -15 ° C and + 55 ° C . The maximum operating
temperature must
be
derated 1 ° C for each
1000 feet of
alti
tude above 5000 feet . This instrument can be stored in am
bient
temperatures
between -55 ° C
and + 75 °
C . After
storage
at
temperatures
beyond
the
operating
limits ,
allow
the chassis temperature to come within the operating limits
before power is
applied .
2
NOTE
The crt performance may be degraded if a continuous
ly
stored display is
maintained for over
four hours
at
ambient temperatures below + 40 ° C or for over one
hour at ambient temperatures greater than + 40 ° C.
434
Operating
Position
The handle of the 434 can be positioned for carrying or
as a tilt - stand for the instrument . To position the handle ,
press in at
both pivot
points and
turn the
handle
to the de
sired position . Fourteen positions are provided for conve
nient
carrying or viewing
. The
instrument can also
be set on
the rear feet
for
operation or
storage
.
CONTROLS
AND
CONNECTORS
General
The major controls and connectors for operation of the
434
are
located on the front
panel of
the
instrument . Several
auxiliary
functions are
provided on
the rear panel
. To make
full use of the capabilities of this instrument , the operator
should
be familiar
with the
function and use
of each of these
controls and
connectors . A
brief
description of each
control
and connector is given here . Some of the more important
instrument specifications are included here also .
434's with SN B191820 and above contain a front panel
FOCUS control located below the INTEGRATE button . Two
types of
CRT graticules
have been
used in
the
434 ,
one
has
the % and 100 % risetime references separated by 6 divi
sions , the other by 5 divisions . Illustrations in this manual
show the 5 division version .
REV
AUG 1981

( 10
OX
434
STORAGE
OSCILLOSCOPE
TEKTRONIX *
နီး
မ ယာ
SERIAL
8274200
REV . C , MAY , 1975
6
1.
POSITION -
positions
the
display
vertically
.
2.
STEP
ATTEN
BAL
-
balances the input
amplifier
in
the 1 mV ,
2 mV , 5 mV , and 10 mV positions of the VOLTS / DIV switch .
3. GAIN -
sets the gain
of the
input
amplifier .
4. VOLTS / DIV - selects vertical deflection factor in a 1-2-5
sequence ( variable control must be in the CAL position for
indicated
deflection ) .
Calibrated
position
accuracy
within 3 % .
5.
Variable
-
provides continuously variable
uncalibrated
deflec
tion factors
between
the
calibrated
settings
of the VOLTS /
DIV switch .
6. AC / DC
- in the
AC
position (
button in ) of
this push -
push
switch , signals are capacitively coupled to the vertical ampli
OUT
5MM2 B
POSITION
AC
434
STEP
ATTEN
BAL
BOTH IN PRECHARGE
OUT
DIC
GAIN 2
GNO
7
3
5
4
1
8
20
100
104
OL
CH 1
CAL
CH
1
IMQ 24 p
VAR
42 A
S
A
sa
V
ALT
VOLTS / DIV
CH 1 CH
2
5
<
PROBE
CAL
0.6V 1KHz
ADD
N
>
5
10
CAL
20
50
CHOP
VAR
Au
OZ
09
3
CH 2
6
CH 2
1Ma
24pf
STEP ATTEN
BAL
2
8
GAIN
BOTH
IN
PRECHANGE
AC
OUT : INVERT
POSITION
OUT
OC
GNO
1142-02
fier . The DC component of the input signal is blocked . Low
frequency -3 dB point is about 10 hertz . In the DC position
(
button
out
) , all
components
of
the input
signal are
passed
to
the
input
amplifier
.
7. GND -
in the
GND
position (
button in ) of
this push -
push
switch , the
input of the
vertical
amplifier
is
disconnected
from the input connector and grounded . Allows precharging
of the input coupling capacitor . When the button is out
coupling is determined by the AC - DC button .
8. CH 1 and CH 2 - input connectors for application of external
signals to the
inputs of the
vertical
amplifier
.
Input
impedance
is 1 megohm , paralleled by approximately 24 picofarads . Band
width
: 16
to 25
MHz
depending
on
VOLTS
/
DIV
setting
and
operating
temperature .
3

4
10
OX
434 STORAGE OSCILLOSCOPE
TEKTRONIX
SERIAL
8274200
9
9. 5 MHz BW - in
the out position
of this push - push
switch , the
bandwidth of the
complete
vertical amplifier
system is
limited
to approximately 5 megahertz .
Vertical Mode Switch
11. CH 1 -
Channel
1 only
is
displayed
.
10. PROBE CAL 0.6 V 1 kHz - provides a 0.6 volt calibrator
signal to permit probe compensation , adjustment of amplifier
gain , and checking basic horizontal timing .
12. ALTernate - dual - trace display of signals of both channels .
Display switched between channels at the end of each sweep .
OUT
: 5MMx BW
POSITION
AC
STEP ATTEN
BAL
BOTH
IN PRECHARGE
OUT DC
GAIN
434
GND
11
12
50
1
20
A
KA
AR
10
CAL
CH 1
VAR
SZ
CH 1
1Mo
24 of
ALT
VOLTS / DIV
CH 1 CH 2
10
v
20
v
50
100
PROS
CAL
0.6
% H₂
ADD
13
5
CAL
20
50
CHOP
15. CH 2 - Channel 2 only is displayed .
VAR
A
A
AW
09
oz
my
my
14
S
CH 2
CH
2
1Mg
24pF
STEP ATTEN
BAL
GAIN
BOTH
IN
PRECHARGE
AC
OUT DC
OUT
INVERT
POSITION
15
GND
16
13.
ADD -
Signals
applied to the CH 1
and CH 2 input
connectors
are
algebraically
added ,
and the
algebraic sum is
displayed on
the CRT . The INVERT switch in Channel 2 allows the display
to
be CH
1
plus CH 2 or
CH 1
minus CH
2 .
1142-03
14 . CHOP - dual - trace display of signals on both channels . Display
is
switched
at a
repetition rate
of approximately
100
kilo
hertz
.
16.
INVERT -
Chann
2
display
is
inverted
in the
INVERT
( button out )
position .
REV
. C , MAY , 1975

100
90
www
.
www
17
17. BEAM
FINDER
-
compresses an
overscanned display to
with
in the
graticule
area
,
independently of
display
position
or
applied signals .
18. POWER / INTENSITY - a combination control that turns on
instrument
power
when pulled , and
controls
brightness of the
display when rotated .
REV.C
, MAY , 1975
20. TIME /
DIVision
-
selects the
sweep rate of
the sweep
genera
tor ( variable control must be in the CAL position for indi
cated sweep rate ) . Calibrated position accuracy within 3 % .
19.
POSITION -
controls
horizontal
position
of
the
display ( revers
ing direction of rotation provides vernier action ) .
BEAM
FINDER
INTEGRATE
STORAGE
18
tay
LOCATE
ENHANCE LEVEL
FOCUS
POWER
PULL
OUT
INTENSITY
OUT
: SMNz
BW
POSITION
434
UPPER
SCREEN
GAIN
STEP ATTEN
BAL
19
LOWER
SCREEN
ERASE
ENHANCE
STORE
POSITION
21
CAL
RESET
20
VAR
TIME
/ DIV
CAL
ms
21.5
2
READY
10
20
50
1
25
EXT
2
HORIZ
VOLTS
/ DIV
CH 1
CH
2
PROBE CAL
0.6V M
MAG
PUSH
TURN
50
20
NS
tinder
5
10
2
MAG
ONLY
MODE
BOTH IN
SINGLE
AUTO
NORM
22
CAL
20
50
TRIGGER
SOURCE
BOTH
IN LINE
CH 1
100
LF
REJ
BOTH
OUT EXT
N
COMP
a
HF
REJ
PLOPE
LEVEL
GAIN
IN
130
EXT
ATTEN
OUT
: 11
AC
COUPLING
OUT
OC
STEP
ATTEN
BAL
OUT :
INVERT
POSITION
1142-04
The
extreme
counterclockwise position
of the switch
selects
External Horizontal mode of operation .
21.
MAGnifier
- a
six - position , push -
to - turn switch ,
which is con
centric with the TIME / DIV switch . Provides five positions of
magnification ( X2 , X5 , X10 , X20 , and X50 ) when TIME / DIV
switch is pushed in and rotated clockwise , except for the 5
fastest TIME / DIV
settings
,
where the
number
of
magnified
ranges is limited by the TIME / DIV positions remaining in the
clockwise direction of rotation .
22. Variable - provides uncalibrated sweep rates between the cali
brated settings selected by the TIME / DIV switch . The sweep
rate in each TIME / DIV switch position can be reduced to at
least the sweep rate of the next adjacent position to provide
continuously variable sweep rates .
LO
5

100
6
90
23. COUPLING - determines method of coupling trigger signal to
trigger
circuit
.
AC
- in the
in position
of this push
- push
switch , DC is
rejected and
signals
below
about 20
hertz are
attenuated
.
Accepts signals
between
about
20 hertz and
25 megahertz .
DC
- when both
the AC and
the LF
REJ push - push
switches are in the out position , signals are directly
coupled to
the
trigger circuit
. Accepts
all
signals from DC
to 25 megahertz .
FOCUS
HF REJ - attenuates signal above approximately 15 kilo
hertz . Accepts signals between DC and approximately 15
kilohertz .
BEAM
FINDER
LF
REJ - rejects DC
and attenuates signals
below approxi
mately 150
kilohertz
. Accepts
signals
between
about 150
kilohertz and 25
megahertz
.
INTEGRATE STORAGE
POWER PULL OUT
INTENSITY
ENHANCE LEVEL
OUT
: 5MMx BW
POSITION
LOWER
SCREEN
SCREEN
STEP ATTEN
BAL
GAIN
434
ERASE
ENHANCE
STORE
w
of
POSITION
KN
VAR
RESET
READY
ms
2
5
10
TIME
/ DIV
$
215
21
20
50
CAL
MAG
PUSH
TURN
20
s
25
EXT
2
NORIZ
VOLTS / DIV
CH 1
CH 2
PROBE
CAL
0.6V 1kHz
05
6
N >
.5
2
2
MAS
ONLY
10
V
MODE
BOTH IN
SINGLE
AUTO
CAR
20
50
NORM
24.
SOURCE
- selects
source of trigger
signal .
24
TR
/ 3G R
SURC
DIN LIN
CK 1
COMP
BOTHOUT EXT
100
Lr
REJ
5
HF
RFJ
COPLING
STERATTER
SLOPE
LEVEL
23
EN L
EXT
ATTEN
OUT - 11
AC
AT
DO
OUT INVERT
POSITION
25
GAIN
1142-05
CH 1
- A
push -
push
switch
that in
the CH 1
position
(
button
in )
selects Channel
1 as
an internal
trigger
source
.
COMPosite -
a push - push
switch
that
in the
COMP position
(
button in ) allows
the internal
trigger source
to be deter
mined
by the vertical
mode of
operation .
LINE -
when
both the CH
1 and
COMP
switches
are
pushed
in
, a
portion of
the line
frequency
is
used
as
a
trigger
signal
.
EXTernal
-
when the
CH
1
and COMP
switches
are
both
out
,
signals
applied to
the
EXT
TRIG
input connector
are
used for triggering .
25.
EXT
ATTENuator
- in
the 1:10
position
( button
in ) of this
push -
push switch
, external
trigger
signals are
attenuated
by a
factor of ten
. In the 1
: 1 position
(
button
out
) of this
switch ,
external
trigger
signals are not
attenuated
.
REV . C ,
MAY
,
1975

100
80
26. SLOPE - selects slope of trigger signal which starts the sweep .
+
-sweep
can
be triggered from
positive
- going
portion of
trigger signal .
--sweep can be
triggered from
negative - going portion
of
trigger signal .
27. LEVEL - selects the amplitude point on the trigger signal at
which the sweep is triggered .
28. MODE - determines the operating mode for the sweep
generator .
AUTOmatic - in the AUTO position ( button in ) of this
pushbutton switch , the sweep is initiated by the applied
trigger signal . In the absence of an adequate trigger signal ,
the
sweep free runs
and provides a bright
reference trace
.
REV.C
, MAY , 1975
BEAM
INTENSITY
FINDER
INTEGRATE
POWER PULL OUT
FOCUS
LOMOTE
ENHANCE
LEVEL
STORAGE
434
OUT
: 6MHz W
POSITION
UPPER
SCREEN
STEP
ATTEN
BAL
GAIN
LOWER
SCREEN
ERASE
ENHANCE
STORE
POSITION
CAL
VAR
READ
29
TIME /
DIV
CAL
215
3
25
EXT
02
DRUŽ
VOLTS / DIV
CH 2
CH
1
<
PROBE
CAL
0.8V 1kHz
MAG
PUSH
TURN
20
μ
10
4
05
MAS
ONLY
MODE
BOTH IN SINGLE
AUTO
NORM
( 28
CAL
20
50
VAR
TRIGGER
SOURCE
BOTH IN LINE
CH
1
27
LF
REJ
BOTH OUT EXT
C
COMP
SLOPE
LEVEL
STEP ATTEN
BAL
ATTEN
OUT 11
HF
REJ
COUPLING
OUT
OC
AC
26
OUT
. INVERT
POSITION
GAIN
1142-06
NORMal - in the NORM position ( button in ) of this push
button switch , the sweep is initiated by the applied trigger
signal . In the absence of an adequate trigger signal , there is
no
trace .
BOTH IN : SINGLE sweep - when both the AUTO and
NORM
switches are pushed in ,
the sweep
operates
in the
Single Sweep Mode . After a sweep is displayed , further
sweeps
cannot be
presented until
the
RESET
button is
pressed .
29. RESET - when the RESET button is pressed ( in the SINGLE
SWEEP mode ) , a single display will be presented ( with correct
triggering ) . After the sweep is completed , the RESET button
must be pressed again before another sweep can be displayed .
If there is not an adequate trigger signal present when the
RESET button
is pressed , the
sweep
generator circuit will
remain armed as indicated by the READY light .
7

100
90
35
8
36
30. STORE ( Upper and Lower ) -in the STORE position ( button
in ) , the CRT operates in the storage mode . In the Non - Store
position ( button out ) , the CRT operates in the conventional
mode .
31. ENHANCE ( Upper and Lower ) -in the ENHANCE position
( button in ) , the writing rate for single - sweep displays is
increased ( using the ENHANCE LEVEL control ) .
32. ERASE (
Upper and Lower )
-a
momentary contact switch
that , when pushed , erases a stored display from the CRT .
BEAM
FINDER
GRATE
SID
31
OCUS
POWER
INTEN
:
32
SCREEN
LOCATE
ENHANCE
LEVEL
OUT
: 5W /
W
N
33
30
STEP ATTEN
BAL
GAIN
434
ERASE
LOWER
SCREEN
ENHANCE
34
50
STORE
JR
31
POSITION
30
CAL
32
VAR
READY
TIME / DIV
CAL
HORIZ
VOLTS /
DIV
CH 1
CH 2
<
PROBE
CAL
0.6V 1kHz
MAG
PUSH
TURN
20
MAG
ONLY
27
S
MODE
BOTH IN SINGLE
AUTO
CAU
20 50
NORM
VAR
TRIGGER
SOURCE
BOTH
IN LINE
CH 1
100
BOTH OUT EXT
LF
REJ
COMP
BN
STEP
ATTEN
SLOPE
LEVEL
GAIN
EXT
ATTEN
HE
REJ
COUPLING
OUT
DC
OUT 11
AC
OUT INVERT
POSITION
1142-07
33. ENHANCE LEVEL - provides a selectable increase in writing
speed capability for single - sweep displays . Effective only when
either or both ENHANCE buttons are depressed .
34. LOCATE - a pushbutton switch that unblanks the CRT and
provides a visible indication of the position of the display
signal while the sweep is held off . This permits the display to
be positioned before storing .
35. INTEGRATE - a pushbutton switch that permits storage of
very fast repetitive signals by allowing the writing - gun beam to
accumulate charges on the target while the flood - gun beams are
turned off .
36. FOCUS - screwdriver adjustment ( located below INTEGRATE
button for SN
B191820 and up ) used in
conjunction with the
rear panel
ASTIG control to
provide
optimum
display
defi
nition .
REV.C , MAY ,
1975

definition
.
ASTIG
37
38
POSITIVE GOING
INPUT DECREASES
INTENSITY
REV.C , MAY , 1975
39
(
22
.
Z AXIS
50 k
LINE
SELECTOR
115
37. ASTIGmatism - adjusts CRT beam for optimum display
5 V P - P
CAUSES
NOTICEABLE
MODULATION AT
NORMAL INTENSITY
38. Ground Post - connects to oscilloscope chassis . Provides a
common ground return for signal source to insure measure
ment reliability .
39. Z AXIS - input connector for external blanking signals . A five
volt peak to peak signal will cause noticeable modulation at
normal intensity . A positive - going signal decreases intensity .
40. EXTernal TRIGger - input connector for external trigger
signals . Nominal input signal level required for correct trigger
operation is 50 millivolts at frequencies below five mega
hertz , increasing to 175 millivolts at 25 megahertz .
43
TRACE ROTATION
EXT
TRIG
1 MS
434
41
42
EXT HORIZ
50 k
= .5 V / DIV
1142-08
41. EXTernal HORIZontal - input connector for external horizon
tal signal when TIME / DIV switch is set to EXT HORIZ . Input
impedance ' is approximately 50 kilohms with a sensitivity of
approximately
0.5
volt /
division .
42. TRACE ROTATION - adjusts trace to align with horizontal
graticule lines
.
43. LINE
SELECTOR-
( located on
rear panel of 434
SN B500000
& up ) sets 434 to operate from either a 115 volt or a 230 volt
AC
nominal line
voltage .
9

BASIC OPERATION
General
The
following
procedure is
given as a
method of obtain
ing
a
basic
display on the
CRT of the
434.
Calibrated
measurements can be made in most applications using this
procedure . Specific techniques required to make more
involved measurements are given in the Applications
section . The following procedure is intended for use until
the user becomes familiar with instrument operation .
Non
-
Store
Display
1. Set the instrument controls as follows :
POWER
/
INTENSITY
POSITION ( horizontal
and vertical )
Sweep
MODE
TIME
/ DIV
VAR ( TIME / DIV )
TRIGGER SOURCE
TRIGGER COUPLING
SLOPE
LEVEL
Vertical Mode
Input
Coupling
VOLTS / DIV
Pushed in and rotated fully
counterclockwise .
Set
to
mid
-
range
AUTO
1 ms ( unmagnified )
Detent (
calibrated )
COMP
AC
Mid - range
CH
1
DC
.1
V
Detent ( calibrated )
VAR ( VOLTS / DIV )
All remaining pushbuttons should be out .
10
434
2.
Connect
the
instrument to a
power source that
meets
the
requirements
of the
instrument
( see
Operating
Voltage
section ) .
3.
Turn on the
instrument
power and
allow
several
minutes
warmup .
4.
Advance the
INTENSITY
control
until the
free
running
trace
is
visible at the
desired
viewing
level .
5. Connect the signal to be observed to the CH 1 input
connector
. ( Use
PROBE CAL
0.6
V , 1 KHz
signal ,
if
desired . )
6.
If
display is not visible
with the
INTENSITY
control
at
mid -
range ,
press the
BEAM
FINDER
pushbutton
and
adjust the
VOLTS / DIV
switch until
display is
reduced in
size
vertically
; then
center the
compressed display
with the
vertical and
horizontal
POSITION
controls ; release
the
BEAM FINDER pushbutton .
7.
Set the
VOLTS
/ DIV
switch and
vertical
POSITION
controls for a display which remains within the display area
vertically
.
8. Set the LEVEL control for a stable display .
REV . B , MAY , 1975

9. Set the TIME / DIV and horizontal POSITION con
trols for a display that remains within the display area
horizontally
.
Magnified Sweep Display
1. Follow steps 1 through 9 of Non - Store Display .
2. Adjust the horizontal POSITION control to center
the
area to
be magnified
to around the
center
vertical
division of the graticule . There should be equal amounts of
the area of interest on either side of the center graticule
line . If
necessary
,
change
the
setting
of the
TIME
/
DIV
switch and the POSITION control to obtain the desired
display .
3. Push in and turn the TIME / DIV knob clockwise to
achieve the desired amount of magnification ( X2 , X5 , X10 ,
X20
, or X50
,
except for the
five
fastest TIME / DIV
settings , where the number of magnified ranges is limited
by the TIME / DIV positions remaining in the clockwise
direction of
rotation )
. Adjust the
INTENSITY
control
for a
visible
display . The
position of the TIME
/ DIV knob
directly
indicates the magnified time / div . Adjust the horizontal
POSITION control to position the magnified display , or to
observe the beginning or end of the magnified sweep . ( To
obtain fine
positioning ,
use the
vernier action of
the control
by
reversing
the direction
of knob
rotation . )
Disconnect the
signal
from the CH
1 input
connector .
REV
. B ,
MAY , 1975
434
External
Horizontal Display
1. Set the INTENSITY control fully counterclockwise .
2. Set the TIME / DIV switch to EXT HORIZ and the
Vertical Mode switch to CH 1 .
3. Set the POWER switch to the on position and allow
several
minutes
warmup .
4.
Connect
the
X (
horizontal ) signal , not
greater than 6
V P - P , to the EXT HORIZ input connector on the instru
ment rear panel .
5.
Advance the
INTENSITY
control until the
display
is
visible . If the display is not visible , push the BEAM
FINDER button , center the compressed display with the
CH 1 and horizontal POSITION controls , then release the
BEAM FINDER button . Note that with the BEAM
FINDER button released , the horizontal deflection is
unaffected by other 434 controls when the TIME / DIV
switch is set at EXT HORIZ ; this is affected only by the
amplitude of the signal applied to the EXT HORIZ input
connector . With a square wave signal applied , the display
should consist of two dots separated horizontally by an
amount approximately equal to the amplitude of the
applied signal ( in volts ) divided by 0.5 ( sensitivity ) .
11

Normal
Storage Display
1.
Center
an unmagnified
waveform
display vertically
on
the CRT
screen
so
that part of
the
waveform is above
the
horizontal
centerline and
part of it
is below the
center
line .
2.
Set
INTENSITY
,
LEVEL , and
TIME
/ DIV
for a
stable ,
visible ,
triggered
display .
3. Press in both STORE push buttons , then press in both
ERASE
pushbuttons
(
pressing
the
ERASE
button
will
ensure
proper
target
preparation
and
achieve
uniform
storage
over
the entire
target
area
) ,
then press
the STORE
buttons
again
.
4. A stored display should remain on both upper and
lower
storage
screens
after
the
input
signal
is
removed .
Increase INTENSITY setting , erase , and re - store , as neces
sary to
achieve
a uniform
stored
display .
5.
Erase the
stored display by
pressing
both
ERASE
pushbuttons .
Each half of
the
display
area
may be erased
or
stored
independently if so
desired
.
12
434
Single -
Sweep Storage
1.
Set up
a
display of the
PROBE
CAL 0.6
V 1 kHz
waveform in the manner described in " Non - Store Display " .
2.
Set the Sweep
MODE to
SINGLE
SWEEP .
3.
Press in both
STORE buttons .
4.
Apply a
single
sweep of
the
trace by
pressing
the
RESET
pushbutton
. A
stored
display of the
calibrator
waveform should
remain on
the storage screen
. If it does
not ,
repeat
the
demonstration
with
the display
intensity
increased
slightly .
5.
During
single -
sweep
operation ,
the LOCATE
push
button can
be used to
locate
the
trace or
display
while the
sweep
is
held
off
.
Pressing
the
LOCATE
button
unblanks
the
CRT
and
allows the
display to be
positioned
before
storing . This
shifts the start of
the
sweep
approximately 0.2
division to
the left .
For
instrument
operation in
Single
Sweep and
Store modes
simultaneously
,
when
the
sweep
start
is
positioned
at the
graticule edge
, the
locate spot
is
shifted
into the
non -
storing
locate
zone to
allow
vertical
positioning of
the
trace
without
storing
.
REV . B , MAY . 1975

Integrated
Fast - Rise
Waveforms
The
INTEGRATE
pushbutton
permits
storage of
wave
forms at relatively fast sweep speeds with relatively low
repetition rates . Waveforms which would be difficult to see
because
of the
low duty
cycle of the sweep
, or have poor
resolution due to required high setting of the INTENSITY
control , can often be stored using the Integrate method to
produce higher
brightness
or better
resolution . For
a
demonstration on how to store the rising edge of the
PROBE CAL 0.6 volt 1 kHz signal , proceed as follows :
1.
Set up
a
display of
the
PROBE
CAL waveform
in the
manner
described
in " Non
-
Store Display " . Use
+
Slope , and
trigger on
the
rising portion of
the
waveform . Set
the
sweep
to
0.05 μsec
/ DIV , turn
the
INTENSITY
control
nearly
fully
clockwise in order
to find the
start of
the
waveform ,
and
position
the
rising portion
of the
waveform on screen .
Reduce the intensity to midrange .
2. Press in both STORE buttons . The normal storage
mode
background light
will be
present
on the CRT
.
3.
Advancing the
INTENSITY
control in
the clockwise
direction will not produce a stored display of the rising
portion
of the
waveform . Reduce
the
intensity
to
midrange
and
press both
ERASE buttons
to clear the
screen if
necessary .
REV
. B , MAY
, 1975
434
4. Press the INTEGRATE button momentarily . A frac
tion
of a
second to
several seconds is
reasonable .
The lower the intensity , the longer the integration
period
required to store
the trace
. If the
trace does
not
fully
store on the
first
attempt , repeat the
integration for a
somewhat longer
period , or with
somewhat
higher inten
sity . Using lower intensity and longer integration produces
better resolution on jitter - free signals .
CAUTION
Do
not
attempt to
store extremely
fast -
rising or fast
falling
portions of
waveforms
viewed
at relatively
slow
sweep
rates
.
The high
trace intensity
required
(
due to the
intensity
difference
between the
horizon
tal and the vertical segments ) could cause storage
target
damage .
Fast
Single
-
Sweep Enhancement
The Enhance mode provides a method of storing single
sweep displays that exceed the normal writing speed of the
instrument . This mode is not normally used for repetitive
sweeps.
1. Apply a 30 kHz ( 350 kHz for Option 1 CRT )
sine - wave signal for a CRT display of approximately 3.2
divisions P - P amplitude to one of the vertical input
connectors
.
13

2. Set up a normal - intensity non - stored display of the
signal in the manner given in " Non - Store Display " .
3. Set the Sweep MODE to SINGLE SWEEP .
4. Press in
both
STORE buttons .
5. With
the TIME /
DIV
switch set to 10
μs ( 2 us
for
Option 1 CRT )
, apply a
single sweep of the
trace by
pressing the RESET button . Note that a complete stored
display cannot be obtained for any setting of the INTEN
SITY
control .
6. Depress both ENHANCE buttons , then simulta
neously press
both ERASE
buttons to clear
the storage
screens .
14
7. While
repeatedly
erasing
and
applying
single
sweeps
,
adjust the
ENHANCE LEVEL control (
starting from the
counterclockwise end of rotation ) sufficiently clockwise
to completely store the display without fading up the
target
excessively .
434
8.
For
instruments
equipped with the
option
1 CRT
, if
portions of the
CRT target
become faded
up and
cannot be
erased in the normal manner due to inadvertent operation
in
Repetitive
Sweep and
Enhanced modes
simultaneously
,
proceed
as
follows
:
Store the entire target by using a repetitive sweep at
approximately 1 ms / DIV with Intensity at mid - range .
Slowly
position the trace
from
top to
bottom to store
the
entire
target area
. Switch to
Single - Sweep
( or non -
enhanced
storage mode ) and erase . The target is now ready for
normal storage or single - sweep enhanced storage operation .
NOTE for OPTION ONE instruments
After sustained use ( 6 hours or more ) of the Option
One instrument in the Non - Store mode or in Store
mode with nothing written , the writing speed may be
improved by
leaving
the
CRT target
fully
stored for
five to fifteen minutes . This procedure may be
repeated every few hours to refresh the target in
applications requiring maximum stored writing rate in
a usage where the target is stored a small percentage
of the time .
REV . B , MAY , 1975

USER'S
CALIBRATION
General
To insure measurement accuracy , certain portions of the
instrument calibration should be checked before making
the measurement . The following is a procedure for checking
the
basic
measurement
capabilities of the 434.
See the Cali
bration section of the Instruction Manual for more detailed
calibration information .
Trace Rotation
Use steps 1-4 of the Basic Operation procedure to obtain
a
free -
running
trace .
Adjust the
TRACE
ROTATION
adjustment ( located on the rear panel ) to align the trace
with
the
horizontal graticule
lines .
STEP
ATTENuator
BALance
Use steps 1-4 of the Basic Operation procedure to obtain
a
vertically
centered free
-
running
trace .
Rotate the
Channel
1
VOLTS / DIV
switch from 10
mV to 1 mV
( CH 1 vertical
REV . B , MAY , 1975
434
mode
of
operation ) . Adjust the
Channel 1 STEP
ATTEN
BAL adjustment ( located on front panel ) for no trace shift
when switching from 10 mV to 1 mV . Repeat this
procedure
for
Channel
2 .
Probe
Compensation
Variations
in total input
capacitance
and
resistance
occur with different combinations of oscilloscopes and
probes
.
Therefore , most
attenuator probes
are equipped
with
adjustments to
insure optimum
measurement accu
racy .
Probe
compensation is
accomplished
as follows
:
Connect the probe to one of the oscilloscope's input
connectors
. Use steps
1-9 of the
Basic
Operation
procedure
to
obtain a display
about three
divisions in
amplitude with
one
cycle of
the calibrator
signal
displayed each
two divi
sions
.
Check the
waveform
presentation
for
overshoot or
rolloff , and
readjust
compensation
for flat
tops on
the
waveforms if necessary . See Fig . 1 .
15

Fig . 1. Probe compensation .
Correct
16
Over
Com
pensated
(
Overshoot )
Under Com
pensated
( Rolloff )
1142-09
Vertical GAIN
Use steps 1-4 of the Basic Operation procedure to obtain
a free - running trace . Connect the PROBE CAL 0.6 V 1 kHz
output signal to the CH 1 input connector ( if the signal is
connected through a 10X probe that does not have a scale
factor switching connector , reduce the setting of the
VOLTS / DIV
switch from .1
V to 10 mV )
. Adjust the
434
Channel
1
GAIN
adjustment (
located on front
panel ) for
exactly 6 divisions of vertical deflection . Repeat this
procedure
for
Channel 2
.
ASTIGmatism
and
FOCUS
Use steps 1-9 of the Basic Operation procedure to obtain
a
stable
display of the
calibrator
waveform . Set
the
INTEN
SITY control for normal brightness of the display ( approxi
mately mid - range ) . Adjust the ASTIG adjustment ( located
on rear panel ) and the front panel FOCUS control ( SN
B191820 and up ) so the vertical and horizontal portions
of the
calibrator
waveform
are
equally
focused
.
Basic
Timing
Use steps 1-9 of the Basic Operation procedure to obtain
a stable display of the calibrator waveform . Set the TIME /
DIV switch to
.5 ms / div .
Check the
display
for one
cycle of
calibrator waveform for each two horizontal divisions . For
a more complete timing check , refer to the calibration
procedure
given
in the
Instruction
Manual .
APPLICATIONS
General
The following information describes the procedures and
techniques for making basic measurements with a 434
REV
. B ,
MAY , 1975