Ublox EVK-LILY-W1 User manual

EVK-LILY-W1
Evaluation kit for the LILY-W1 host-based Wi-Fi
modules
User Guide

Abstract
This document describes how to set up the EVK-LILY-W1 evaluation kit to evaluate the LILY-
W1
host-based Wi-
Fi modules. It also describes how to compile the Marvell Linux reference drivers and
provides some basic usage examples.
www.u-blox.com
UBX-15030290 - R04

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Document Information
Title EVK-LILY-W1
Subtitle Evaluation kit for the LILY-W1 host-based Wi-Fi modules
Document type User Guide
Document number UBX-15030290
Revision and date R04 3-Jul-2018
Disclosure Restriction
This document applies to the following products:
Product name Type number Firmware version PCN reference Product status
EVK-LILY-W131 EVK-LILY-W131-00 SDIO driver:
Package: SD-UAPSTA-8801-FC18-MMC-
14.85.36.p101-C3X14160_B0-GPL
Firmware version: 14.85.36.p101
USB driver:
Package: USB-UAPSTA-8801-FC18-X86-
14.85.36.p101-C3X14160_B0-GPL
Firmware version: 14.85.36.p101
N/A
Early Production
Information
EVK-LILY-W132 EVK-LILY-W132-00 SDIO driver:
Package: SD-UAPSTA-8801-FC18-MMC-
14.85.36.p101-C3X14160_B0-GPL
Firmware version: 14.85.36.p101
USB driver:
Package: USB-UAPSTA-8801-FC18-X86-
14.85.36.p101-C3X14160_B0-GPL
Firmware version: 14.85.36.p101
N/A
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document. Copying, reproduction, modification or disclosure to third parties of this document or any part thereof is only
permitted with the express written permission of u
-blox.
The information contained herein is provided “as is” and u
-blox assumes no liability for its use. No warranty, either express or
implied, is given, including but not limited
to, with respect to the accuracy, correctness, reliability and fitness for a particular
purpose of the information. This document may be revised by u
-blox at any time without notice. For the most recent
documents, visit www.u
-blox.com.
Copyright © u
-blox AG.

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Contents
Document Information................................................................................................................................ 2
Contents .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
1Evaluation kit description................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Overview........................................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Kit includes...................................................................................................................................................5
1.3 Software and documentation...................................................................................................................5
1.4 System requirements ................................................................................................................................6
1.5 Specifications ..............................................................................................................................................6
2Getting started....................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Host interface through SDIO ....................................................................................................................8
2.2 Host interface through USB .....................................................................................................................8
3Board description................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 Connectors ...................................................................................................................................................9
3.2 Pin header J2 ...............................................................................................................................................9
3.3 Pin header J3 .............................................................................................................................................10
3.4 Antenna interfaces on the EVB-LILY-W131 .......................................................................................10
3.4.1 Single antenna ..................................................................................................................................10
3.4.2 Antenna diversity..............................................................................................................................11
3.4.3 LTE filter.............................................................................................................................................11
3.5 LED...............................................................................................................................................................11
3.6 Schematic...................................................................................................................................................12
3.7 Assembly ....................................................................................................................................................12
4Software ................................................................................................................................................ 13
4.1 Driver versions ...........................................................................................................................................13
4.2 Driver and firmware architecture...........................................................................................................13
4.3 Compiling the drivers ...............................................................................................................................14
4.3.1 Prerequisites......................................................................................................................................14
4.3.2 Extracting the package content....................................................................................................15
4.3.3 Compile-time configuration............................................................................................................15
4.3.4 Building ...............................................................................................................................................16
4.4 Deploying the software............................................................................................................................16
4.4.1 Blacklisting the mwifiex driver.......................................................................................................17
4.4.2 Additional software requirements ................................................................................................17
4.5 Loading the drivers ...................................................................................................................................17
4.5.1 SDIO driver .........................................................................................................................................17
4.5.2 USB driver...........................................................................................................................................18
4.5.3 Unloading the drivers.......................................................................................................................19
4.6 Usage examples ........................................................................................................................................19
4.6.1 Wi-Fi access point mode .................................................................................................................19
4.6.2 Wi-Fi station mode...........................................................................................................................20
4.7 Driver debugging .......................................................................................................................................21

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4.7.1 Compile-time debug options ..........................................................................................................21
4.7.2 Runtime debug options ...................................................................................................................21
Appendix ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
AGlossary ................................................................................................................................................. 23
Related documents ................................................................................................................................... 24
Revision history.......................................................................................................................................... 24
Contact.......................................................................................................................................................... 25

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1Evaluation kit description
1.1 Overview
The EVK-LILY-W1 evaluation kit provides a simple way to evaluate the LILY-W1 host-based Wi-Fi
modules. The evaluation board offers a standard full-size SDIO card connector (compatible with host
sockets designed for SD memory cards) and a micro-USB receptacle for host communication.
The main features of the EVK-LILY-W1 evaluation kit are:
•Available for internal antenna and antenna pin variants of the LILY-W1 module
•SDIO 2.0 device interface via SDIO card connector for host communication
•USB 2.0 device interface via micro-USB receptacle for host communication
•U.FL coaxial connectors for external antenna and antenna diversity (EVK-LILY-W131)
•All module interfaces are externally available
•Multiple power supply options
Table 1 lists the available evaluation kit versions.
Evaluation kit Description Suitable for evaluation of
EVK-LILY-W131 Evaluation kit for version with antenna pin; without internal
LTE filter
LILY-W131
EVK-LILY-W132 Evaluation kit for version with internal antenna and LTE filter LILY-W132
Table 1: List of available EVK-LILY-W1 evaluation kits
Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the EVK-LILY-W1 evaluation kits.
Figure 1: EVK-LILY-W131 evaluation kit including antenna
Figure 2: EVK-LILY-W132 evaluation kit
1.2 Kit includes
The EVK-LILY-W1 evaluation kit includes the following:
•Evaluation board (EVB) for LILY-W131 (EVB-LILY-W131) or LILY-W132 (EVB-LILY-W132)
•One 2.4 GHz antenna (ProAnt Ex-IT 2400 RP-SMA 70-002) and RP-SMA to U.FL adapter cable
(EVK-LILY-W131 only)
•Quick Start card
1.3 Software and documentation
☞The reference drivers for the LILY-W1 module series are developed by Marvell and can be re-
distributed by u-blox to customers free of charge after signing a license agreement
[1] . Contact u-
blox support to obtain the software package.

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1.4 System requirements
•Host (PC or embedded system) with
oSDIO 2.0 capable, full-size SD card socket or
oUSB 2.0 interface
•Operating System: Linux (2.6.x/3.x) or Android (4.4)
1.5 Specifications
Table 2 and Table 3 list the absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions for the LILY-W1
evaluation board.
Parameter Description Min. Max. Unit
SDCARD.VDD SD card power supply - 4.0 V
USB.VBUS USB power supply - 6.0 V
TSTORAGE Storage temperature -40 +85 ºC
Table 2: Absolute maximum ratings for the LILY-W1 evaluation board
Parameter Description Min. Typ Max. Unit
SDCARD.VDD SD card power supply, 3.3 V operation 3.03.3 3.6 V
SD card power supply, 1.8 V operation 1.65 1.8 1.95 V
USB.VBUS USB power supply 4.25 5.0 5.5 V
Digital I/O SDIO interface and other GPIO -0.4 - SDCARD.VDD+0.4 V
1.8V Digital I/O WKUP and ENn pins -0.4 - 2.2 V
TAAmbient operating temperature -40 - +85 ºC
Table 3: Operating conditions for the LILY-W1 evaluation board

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2Getting started
This section describes the evaluation board connectors and configuration settings that are required
to get started.
Figure 3: Evaluation board EVB-LILY-W131
Figure 3 shows an overview of the evaluation board and its connectors. The board can be connected
to a host system either through the SDIO card connector or the micro-USB connector. The U.FL
connectors - J4, J5, and J6 can only be used with the EVK-LILY-W131, which uses the LILY-W131
module version with the antenna pin. The antenna U.FL connector J6 is connected to the module by
default. The evaluation of antenna diversity via the U.FL connectors J4 and J5 requires switching of
components on the board.
The following steps are required to start the evaluation:
1. For the EVK-LILY-W131, connect the included 2.4 GHz antenna via the adapter cable to the U.FL
single antenna connector (J6) on the EVB-LILY-W131 evaluation board. For the EVK-LILY-W132,
you need not connect an external antenna as it uses the internal antenna of the LILY-W132
module.
2. Select the SDIO (Figure 4) or USB (Figure 5) interface for host communication as described in
sections 2.1 and 2.2 and connect the evaluation board to the host system.
3. Install the necessary driver software for the LILY-W1 series modules as described in section 4.
Figure 4: J2 and J3 jumper settings for SDIO
Figure 5: J2 and J3 jumper settings for USB
SDIO card connector
J3: jumpers for
power supply and
configuration
J6: U.FL connector for
single antenna
operation
(EVK-LILY-W131 only)
J4, J5: U.FL
connectors for
antenna diversity
(EVK-LILY-W131 only)
Power LEDJ7: micro-USB
receptacle
Pin #1
J2: jumpers for host
interface selection

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2.1 Host interface through SDIO
The default jumper settings, as shown in Figure 4 and described in Table 4, enable SDIO as the host
interface. Secure Digital (SD) card is used for power supply of the main and I/O voltages.
Jumper configuration Description
J2: 7-8 bridged SDIO interface selection
J3: 5-6 bridged Selects 3.3 V SD card supply for main power supply
J3: 3-4 bridged Selects 3.3 V I/O voltage
Table 4: Jumper configuration for SDIO interface
Connect the evaluation board to an SDIO capable host by inserting the board into the SD card slot. As
the LILY-W1 series module uses an SDIO host interface, only an SDIO capable card reader (not just a
common SD card reader) will be able to transfer the data and interrupts correctly. You can use either
a built in reader (usually found in laptops – but not all models support SDIO), or a separate reader in
one of the extension slots.
An example card reader for Linux is the “Sonnet SDXC UHS-I Pro Reader/Writer ExpressCard/34”
[4] .
⚠Be careful while inserting the evaluation board into the SDIO slot of a laptop. Such built-in readers
might be designed poorly and can be damaged easily compared to the ones found on development
platforms, which are more compact.
2.2 Host interface through USB
The jumper settings for selecting the USB interface for host communication are shown in Figure 5
and described in Table 5. Use a USB micro-B cable to connect the evaluation board to the host through
the micro-USB receptacle on the evaluation board.
Jumper configuration Description
J2: 5-6 bridged USB interface selection. SD_CMD/USB_VBUS_ON connected to VBUS (via 33k and
3.3V LDO)
J3: 7-8 bridged Selects USB supply for main power supply
J3: 3-4 bridged Selects 3.3 V I/O voltage
Table 5: Jumper configuration for USB interface

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3Board description
This section describes the EVB-LILY-W1 evaluation board and the available connectors and
configuration settings.
3.1 Connectors
Table 6 lists the available connectors on the EVB-LILY-W1 evaluation board and their functions. Refer
to the schematic in section 3.6 for details about the pin assignment.
Function Description Name
SDIO interface SD card connector for connecting to the host SDIO socket J1
USB interface Micro-USB 2.0 receptacle for connecting to the USB host J7
Host interface selection /
SDIO
Pin header for selecting the host interface and accessing the SDIO signals J2
Power supply configuration
/ LILY-W1 module I/O
Pin header for power supply and I/O voltage selection and access to the I/O signals of
the module
J3
Single external antenna
connector
U.FL coaxial connector for single external 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi antenna (can only be used on
the EVB-LILY-W131)
J6
Diversity external antenna
connector 1
U.FL coaxial connector for first external 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi antenna for antenna diversity
(can only be used on the EVB-LILY-W131); disconnected by default
J4
Diversity external antenna
connector 2
U.FL coaxial connector for second external 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi antenna for antenna
diversity (can only be used on the EVB-LILY-W131); disconnected by default
J5
Table 6: Description of available connectors on the EVB-LILY-W1
3.2 Pin header J2
The dual-row pin header J2 on the evaluation board is used to:
•Select between the SDIO and USB host interfaces
•Access the SDIO signals
Table 7 and Table 8 list the available host interface selection options and signals on J2.
Jumper configuration Description
7-8 bridged, 5-6 open Selected SDIO host interface (J1)
5-6 bridged, 7-8 open Selected USB host interface (J7)
Table 7: J2 host interface selection
Pin Signal LILY-W1 signal Description
1 SDCARD.D2 SDIO_D2 SDIO bidirectional data signal 2
3 SDCARD.D3 SDIO_D3 SDIO bidirectional data signal 3
5 SDCARD.CMD SDIO_CMD/USB_VBUS_ON SDIO: command/response signal
USB: power valid indication
6 USB_3V3 via 33k - VBUS via 33 k and 3.3 V LDO
7 SDIO_EN-N USB/SDIO-n Host interface selection
9 SDCARD.VDD - SDIO 3.3 V power supply
11 SDCARD.CLK SDIO_CLK SDIO host to card clock signal
13 SDCARD.D0 SDIO_D0 SDIO bidirectional data signal 0
15 SDCARD.D1 SDIO_D1 SDIO bidirectional data signal 1
2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 GND GND Ground
Table 8: J2 pin description

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3.3 Pin header J3
The dual-row pin header J3 on the evaluation board is used to:
•Select the power supply and I/O voltages
•Provide access to the I/O signals of the LILY-W1 module
Table 9 and Table 10 list the available power supply configuration options and signals on J3.
⚠Be careful when configuring the power supply settings, as wrong configurations can cause short
circuits and damage the evaluation board and the host system.
Jumper configuration Description
5-6 bridged, 7-8 open 3.3 V SDIO card supply is used for main power supply
7-8 bridged, 5-6 open 5 V USB supply is used to generate the 3.3 V main power supply
3-4 bridged, 1-2 open 3.3 V I/O voltage selected
1-2 bridged, 3-4 open 1.8 V I/O voltage selected, generated from the 3.3 V main supply
Table 9: J3 power supply configuration
Pin Signal LILY-W1 signal Description
1, 3 VDDIO VCC_IO I/O voltage supply
2 V1_8V - 1.8 V supply from internal LDO
4, 6, 8 VCC VCC Module main voltage supply
5 SDCARD.VDD - SDIO 3.3 V power supply
7 USB_3V3 - 3.3 V supply from VBUS and internal LDO
9 POWER_DOWN-N PD-n Power down, active low
11 ANT.SEL ANT_SEL External antenna selection signal for diversity
(only on EVB-LILY-W131)
12 ANT.SEL-N ANT_SEL-n External inverted antenna selection signal for
diversity
(only on EVB-LILY-W131)
13 HOST_WKUP HOST_WKUP Module-to-Host Wake-Up signal
14 RESERVED - Reserved
15 WAKE_UP WAKE_UP Host-to-Module Wake-Up signal
10, 16 GND GND Ground
Table 10: J3 pin description
3.4 Antenna interfaces on the EVB-LILY-W131
The EVB-LILY-W131 evaluation board, which is used to evaluate the LILY-W131 module version with
antenna pin, has three U.FL coaxial connectors J4, J5, and J6 for connecting the external antennas.
The J6 connector is used for single antenna configuration and J4/J5 can be used for evaluating
antenna diversity after switching components on the board.
3.4.1 Single antenna
This is the default configuration, where the U.FL coaxial connector J6 is connected to the antenna pin
of the LILY-W131 module. Connect the included 2.4 GHz antenna to J6.

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3.4.2 Antenna diversity
Antenna diversity can be evaluated using the U.FL coaxial connectors J4 and J5, after populating C12
instead of C13 on the evaluation board1. Connect two external 2.4 GHz antennas to J4 and J5.
Antenna selection for diversity is controlled by the ANT.SEL and ANT.SEL-N signals from the LILY-
W131 module. These signals can be monitored on the pin header J3 (see Table 10).
3.4.3 LTE filter
The LILY-W131 module includes a standard SAW bandpass filter. A BAW filter for Wi-Fi and LTE co-
existence (Triquint 885071) is included on the evaluation board in the antenna path to the J5 U.FL
connector by default (FL1), when using the antenna diversity configuration. The filter can be disabled
by populating C18 and C20 instead of C19 and C21. For evaluating the performance of the LTE filter,
the signals ANT.SEL and ANT.SEL-N on the pin header J3 can be tied to fixed values to manually
select one antenna path. R7 and R8 must be removed first to disconnect the switching control from
the LILY-W131 module. Table 11 lists the possible signal states for selecting one of the antenna
paths.
ANT.SEL ANT.SEL-N Selected antenna connector
GND VCC J5 (with LTE filter)
VCC GND J4 (without LTE filter)
Table 11: Antenna selection
3.5 LED
Table 12 lists the available LED on the EVB-LILY-W1 evaluation board:
Function Description Name Color
Main power Main power supply (VCC) status indication LD1 Green
Table 12: LED description
1Refer to the schematics in section 3.6 and assembly drawing in section 3.7 to find the location of the components.

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3.6 Schematic
Figure 6: Schematic of the EVB-LILY-W1 evaluation board
3.7 Assembly
Figure 7: Assembly of the EVB-LILY-W1 evaluation board

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4Software
The LILY-W1 module series is based on the Marvell Avastar 88W8801 chipset and it supports Wi-Fi
802.11b/g/n simultaneous client/station, access point, and Wi-Fi Direct operations.
The LILY-W1 modules connect to the host processor either through an SDIO 2.0 or USB 2.0 device
interface.
From the software point of view, the LILY-W1 series modules contain only calibration data and basic
operation settings in an on-board non-volatile memory and thus require a host-side driver and a
firmware to run. Each base software package contains the following:
•A firmware image that has to be downloaded to the module on system start
•A driver, which is placed between the bus driver and the attached network stacks
Various control tools are also included optionally.
4.1 Driver versions
Marvell reference drivers for the LILY-W1 series modules are currently available for Linux and Android
operating systems as SDIO or USB driver versions. The drivers are usually released for a single
reference host platform and operating system version, but can be easily ported to comparable
platforms. It is recommended to use the latest available host interface driver version and port this to
the used operating system version.
⚠The Software section of this manual describes only the Marvell reference drivers, which can be
obtained through u-blox support. The “mwifiex” open source drivers that are distributed with the
Linux kernel are not officially supported by u-blox.
☞Refer to the Release Notes that is bundled with each driver release for a list of supported driver
features.
4.2 Driver and firmware architecture
The software for the LILY-W1 modules is split into the following parts:
•The Wi-Fi driver, running on the host system
•The device firmware, which runs on the module itself
The host drivers interface with the SDIO or USB bus drivers and upper layer protocol stacks of the
Linux/Android system. The basic architecture of the Wi-Fi driver is typical of a thick firmware
architecture, where the Wi-Fi firmware handles all 802.11 MAC management tasks. Figure 8 shows
the basic driver and firmware architecture.
The following steps are performed while loading the Wi-Fi host driver:
•The driver registers itself with the MMC/SDIO or USB bus driver.
•Upon successful registration, the bus driver calls the Wi-Fi driver's probe handler, when the module
is detected.
•The probe handler allocates and initializes internal structures, registers the interrupt service
routine and starts the main driver threads.
•The firmware image is downloaded to the module and the hardware is initialized.
•Network devices such as STA, AP, and WFD are registered.

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Figure 8: Basic Wi-Fi driver and firmware architecture
4.3 Compiling the drivers
4.3.1 Prerequisites
4.3.1.1 Reference drivers
The versions of the Marvell reference drivers/firmware package and the Linux OS that are described
in the Software section of this document are:
•Marvell Linux reference driver:
SD-UAPSTA-8801-FC18-MMC-14.85.36.p101-C3X14160_B0-GPL
•Linux kernel 3.19.8
☞The instructions for compilation and usage of the USB driver version are very similar to the SDIO
version. The main differences between both versions are noted in the description, if applicable.
The drivers should be able to support Linux kernel versions from 2.6.13 to 4.2. Older or more recent
kernels might require some patches due to the changed kernel APIs. Patches for the u-blox EVK-W16
reference platform, which is currently running a 3.19.8 kernel, can be provided on request.
☞The reference drivers for the LILY-W1 module series are developed by Marvell and can be re-
distributed by u-blox to customers after signing a license agreement
[1] .
4.3.1.2 Kernel configuration
According to the used host interface, the drivers for the LILY-W1 series modules depend on the
MMC/SDIO or the USB stack of the Linux kernel; thus the respective stack must be enabled on the
target system. For configuration, the Linux reference driver supports the following two driver API
options:

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•The old Linux wireless extensions (WEXT) interface
•The new cfg80211 configuration API
To enable these APIs on the target system, the following must be selected in the kernel configuration
(CONFIG_WIRELESS_EXT cannot be selected directly, so a driver that depends on it, such as
hostap or
zd1201 must be selected):
Listing 1: Kernel .config
⚠For older kernels (<3.2), use compat-wireless (now named backports) to provide recent versions
of the kernel's 802.11 APIs to support all the driver features. In this case, cfg80211 has to be
compiled as a module (CONFIG_CFG80211=m).
4.3.2 Extracting the package content
The Marvell driver package contains the firmware image, the Wi-Fi driver sources, and also a release
notes that describes the tested hardware platform, supported features, bug fixes, and known
limitations of the release. The package comes as several archives that are packed into each other.
Follow the steps mentioned below to extract the Marvell driver package:
Once you remove the archives, you should find something similar to the following in your working
directory:
4.3.3 Compile-time configuration
The Wi-Fi driver has several compile-time configuration options that can be set in the driver's
Makefile. Change to the wlan_src subdirectory and ensure that the following are enabled:
Listing 2: Makefile
CONFIG_WIRELESS_EXT=y
CONFIG_WEXT_PRIV=y
CONFIG_CFG80211=y
unzip SD-UAPSTA-8801-FC18-MMC-14.85.36.p101-C3X14160_B0-GPL-Release.zip
tar xf SD-UAPSTA-8801-FC18-MMC-14.85.36.p101-C3X14160_B0-GPL.tar
for i in *.tgz; do tar xzf $i; done
├── FwImage/
│ └── sd8801_uapsta.bin # SDIO firmware image (USB version: usb8801_uapsta.bin)
└── SD-8801-FC18-MMC-14.85.36.p101-C3X14160_B0-GPL/
└── wlan_src/ # Wi-Fi driver and tools sources
├── Makefile # Driver/tools Makefile
├── mapp/ # User space tools for configuration, sample configuration files
├── mlan/ # OS independent driver sources
├── mlinux/ # Linux specific driver sources
└── [...]
[…]
# Enable STA mode support
CONFIG_STA_SUPPORT=y
# Enable uAP mode support
CONFIG_UAP_SUPPORT=y
# Manufacturing firmware support
CONFIG_MFG_CMD_SUPPORT=y
[…]

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The manufacturing firmware support is required, if the driver is used with the " Manufacturing and
Labtools
" packages, which can be used for setting up the test modes for certification [5].
4.3.4 Building
4.3.4.1 Prepare kernel sources
Primarily, ensure that your kernel is prepared for compiling external kernel modules. For this, change
to the kernel's source directory and run the following:
⚠"make modules_prepare" will not build Module.symvers even if CONFIG_MODVERSIONS is set;
therefore, a full kernel build must be executed to make the module versioning work.
4.3.4.2 Wi-Fi driver and tools
To compile the Wi-Fi drivers and tools, go to the driver packages's wlan_src subdirectory and run “make
build”. For cross-compilation, you should specify the target architecture, cross-toolchain prefix, and
the directory with the kernel sources used to build the kernel on the target system, that is:
This command will build the Wi-Fi kernel modules and all the included user space applications. The
build results will be copied to ../bin_sd8801/(or ../bin_usb8801 in case of USB driver), related to the
wlan_src directory. The following table summarizes the content of the Wi-Fi build results directory:
File Description
mlan.ko,
sd8801.ko/usb8801.ko
Wi-Fi driver kernel modules
README* Usage instructions for the provided tools
config/* Sample configuration files used by various tools
uaputl.exe Micro-AP configuration tool
mlanutl Configuration tool for additional driver parameters
mlanevent.exe Netlink event listener
mlan2040coex 802.11 20/40 MHz coexistence handler
Table 13: Content of the Wi-Fi build results directory
4.4 Deploying the software
The following steps describe how to install the drivers, firmware, and provided tools on the target
system:
1. Copy the application binaries to an appropriate location on the target file system and add it to
the $PATH environment variable, if required.
2. The kernel modules should be copied to somewhere below the modules directory of the kernel,
for example, /lib/modules/3.19.8/updates/. Run the
depmod command afterwards to
update the module dependencies and to have the modules findable by the
modprobe utility.
3. Copy the firmware image file sd8801_uapsta.bin (or usb8801_uapsta.bin) from the driver
package's FwImage directory to the directory /lib/firmware/mrvl/ on the target file system.
An example deployment is shown below:
make modules_prepare
# e.g.:
# ARCH=arm
# CROSS_COMPILE= arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-
# KERNELDIR=~/elin-w160-evk/build/tmp/sysroots/elin-w160-evk/usr/src/kernel/
make ARCH=${ARCH} CROSS_COMPILE=${CROSS_COMPILE} KERNELDIR=${KERNELDIR} build

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Listing 3: Example target file system
4.4.1 Blacklisting the mwifiex driver
If the target system includes the open source mwifiex driver, make sure to use the correct firmware
image by replacing the existing one and that the mwifiex driver is blacklisted to prevent it from being
loaded automatically. To blacklist the mwifiex kernel modules, add the following lines to a file under
/etc/modprobe.d/, for example in /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf:
Listing 4: Blacklisting mwifiex
⚠Blacklisting will not work for drivers that are built into the kernel image rather than as a kernel
module.
4.4.2 Additional software requirements
Some additional packages that are recommended for installation on the target system are mentioned
in the following table:
Package Comment
wpa_supplicant WPA supplicant. Handles key negotiation and roaming etc., on the client side
iw CLI configuration utility for wireless devices
wireless-tools CLI tools for configuring wireless device drivers using Wireless Extensions
crda User space udev helper to handle the regulatory domain
Table 14: Recommended additional software packages
4.5 Loading the drivers
4.5.1 SDIO driver
If the SDIO kernel modules were installed correctly, you can load them by simply issuing the following
command
Else, you have to load them separately using the
insmod command.
This will automatically load the
sd8801 kernel module and all its dependencies, such as mlan or
cfg80211 . The cfg80211_wext=0xf module parameter in the above-mentioned example informs the
driver to enable support for the wireless extensions interface and for the cfg80211 configuration API.
A full description of the available module parameters is given in the README files and also in the
/
├── lib
│├── firmware
││└── mrvl
││└── sd8801_uapsta.bin
│└── modules
│└── 3.19.8
│└── updates
│├── mlan.ko
│└── sd8801.ko
└── opt
└── lily-w1
└── bin_sd8801
blacklist mwifiex
blacklist mwifiex_sdio
modprobe sd8801 cfg80211_wext=0xf

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”modinfo sd8801” command. If the drivers are successfully loaded, you should see them in the list of
loaded modules as shown below (via lsmod command):
☞The internal name for the sd8801 module is sd8xxx.
When the module is detected on the SDIO interface, the driver will automatically download the
firmware to it, initialize the hardware, and register the network interfaces.
Listing 5: Kernel log after inserting the SDIO card
You should be able to see the following new network interfaces (for example using the “ifconfig –a”
or “iw dev” commands):
Interface Function
mlan0 Wi-Fi station mode
uap0 Wi-Fi micro access point mode
wfd0 Wi-Fi Direct
Table 15: Network interfaces
The version of the loaded firmware can be verified for example, by using one of the following
commands:
4.5.2 USB driver
The USB driver can be loaded by issuing the following command, which will load the usb8801 kernel
module and all its dependencies such as
mlan or cfg80211 :
For a full description of the available module parameters refer to the README files and also to
the output of the “modinfo usb8801” command. If the drivers are successfully loaded, you should see
them in the list of loaded modules as shown below (via lsmod command):
☞The internal name for the usb8801 module is usb8xxx.
Module Size Used by
sd8xxx 357725 0
mlan 251382 1 sd8xxx
wlan: Loading MWLAN driver
wlan: Driver loaded successfully
mmc1: new high speed SDIO card at address 0001
vendor=0x02DF device=0x9139 class=0 function=1
rx_work=0 cpu_num=1
Request firmware: mrvl/sd8801_uapsta_sdio.bin
Wlan: FW download over, firmwarelen=234524 downloaded 234524
WLAN FW is active
fw_cap_info=0xba3, dev_cap_mask=0xffffffff
wlan: version = SD8801-14.85.36.p101-C3X14C160-GPL-(FP85)
$ mlanutl mlan0 version
Version string received: SD8801-14.85.36.p101-C3X14C160-GPL-(FP85)
$ iwpriv mlan0 version
mlan0 version:SD8801-14.85.36.p101-C3X14C160-GPL-(FP85)
modprobe usb8801 cfg80211_wext=0xf

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When the module is detected on the USB interface, the driver will automatically download the
firmware to it, initialize the hardware, and register the network interfaces.
Listing 6: Kernel log after connecting via USB
After successful registration, the network interfaces listed in Table 15 should be available. The
version of the loaded firmware can be verified for example, by using one of the following commands:
4.5.3 Unloading the drivers
To unload the drivers, bring all the interfaces down first and then remove the modules using:
4.6 Usage examples
4.6.1 Wi-Fi access point mode
The following example configures and starts an access point using the provided Marvell tools. A more
detailed description of the uaputl.exe tool and its parameters can be found in the
README_UAP file
from the driver package.
Module Size Used by
usb8xxx 349149 0
mlan 243114 1 usb8xxx
wlan: Loading MWLAN driver
usbcore: registered new interface driver usb8xxx
wlan: Driver loaded successfully
usb 2-1: new high-speed USB device number 4 using musb-hdrc
[…]
Request firmware: mrvl/usb8801_uapsta_usb.bin
WLAN FW is downloaded
usb_reset_device() successful.
usb 2-1: USB disconnect, device number 4
usb 2-1: new high-speed USB device number 5 using musb-hdrc
sb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=1286, idProduct=204a
usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
usb 2-1: Product: Marvell Wireless Device
usb 2-1: Manufacturer: Marvell
usb 2-1: SerialNumber: D4CA6E9001F7
VID/PID = 1286/204A, Boot2 version = 3117
rx_work=0 cpu_num=1
WLAN FW is active
fw_cap_info=0xba3, dev_cap_mask=0xffffffff
wlan: version = USB8801-14.85.36.p101-C3X14C160-GPL-(FP85)
$ mlanutl mlan0 version
Version string received: USB8801-14.85.36.p101-C3X14C160-GPL-(FP85)
$ iwpriv mlan0 version
mlan0 version: USB8801-14.85.36.p101-C3X14C160-GPL-(FP85)
rmmod mlan sd8xxx # for SDIO driver; or
rmmod mlan usb8xx # for USB driver

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Listing 7: Create a Wi-Fi access point
⚠The capability of the provided reference tools (for example, uaputl) differs depending on the driver
package versions.
For older versions of the driver package, use the following commands to set the AP configuration
including SSID, channel and encryption, and to start the AP:
To assign an IP address to the access point interface:
Additionally, it is recommended to use a DHCP server on the interface.
The list of client stations that are currently associated with the AP can be obtained with the “uaputl
sta_list” command, for example:
4.6.2 Wi-Fi station mode
4.6.2.1 Using Marvell tools
This example will connect the LILY-W1 module as a station to an access point. A description of the
used commands and parameters can be found in the provided
README and README_MLAN files.
Listing 8: Connect to an access point (AP) in station mode
4.6.2.2 Using wpa_supplicant
It is also possible to let wpa_supplicant handle the connection to the access point. For this, create a
configuration file containing the following network settings:
./uaputl.exe sys_cfg_ssid LILY-W1 # set AP SSID to "LILY-W1"
./uaputl.exe sys_cfg_channel 6 # set AP radio channel to 6
./uaputl.exe sys_cfg_11n 1 0x112c 3 0 0xff # enable 802.11n mode with short guard interval
./uaputl.exe sys_cfg_80211d state 1 country US # enable 802.11d, set country
# configure encryption:
./uaputl.exe sys_cfg_auth 0 # Open authentication
./uaputl.exe sys_cfg_protocol 32 # WPA2
./uaputl.exe sys_cfg_cipher 8 8 # CCMP
./uaputl.exe sys_cfg_wpa_passphrase topsecret # set passphrase "topsecret"
./uaputl.exe bss_start # start the AP
iwpriv uap0 apcfg "ASCII_CMD=AP_CFG,SSID=LILY-W1,CHANNEL=6,SEC=wpa2-psk,KEY=topsecret"
iwpriv uap0 bsstart
ifconfig uap0 192.168.1.1
./uaputl sta_list
Number of STA = 1
STA 1 information:
=====================
MAC Address: 60:67:20:xx:xx:xx
Power mfg status: active
Rssi : -56 dBm
mlanutl mlan0 countrycode US # set countrycode
mlanutl mlan0 passphrase "1;ssid=MyAP;passphrase=12345678" # set passphrase for WPA/WPA2
mlanutl mlan0 reassoctrl 1 # turn on re-association
mlanutl mlan0 assocessid MyAP # connect to AP with SSID "MyAP"
udhcpc -i mlan0 # request IP address per DHCP