Volvo D13F User manual

R
OPERATOR'S MANUAL
ENGINE MAINTENANCE
PREVOST BUS
Volvo d13f engine

Foreword
This manual contains information concerning the operation and function
of the Volvo D13F engine. Please keep this manual in the vehicle at
all times.
Note: Illustrations in this manual are used for reference only and may
differ slightly from the actual vehicle. However, key components
addressed in this document are represented as accurately as possible.
Volvo Group North America, Inc.
Greensboro, NC USA
Order number: PV776-20158786
© 2008 Volvo Group North America, Inc., Greensboro, NC USA
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any forms by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
the prior written permission of Volvo Group North America, Inc.

Contents
Volvo Engines .................................................................................... 1
Introduction ...................................................................................... 1
Fuel ................................................................................................. 1
Engine Oil ...................................................................................... 1
Engine Operation ........................................................................... 2
Engine Overview ............................................................................ 4
Engine Overview ............................................................................ 5
Exhaust Aftertreatment System ........................................................ 6
Safety Information ......................................................................... 6
Description ..................................................................................... 7
Exhaust Aftertreatment System Icons ............................................ 7
Operation ........................................................................................ 8
Regeneration ................................................................................ 8
Aftertreatment System Maintenance .............................................. 9
Engine Brake .................................................................................... 10
Engine Maintenance Intervals .......................................................... 11
Oil Change Intervals ...................................................................... 12
Cooling System ................................................................................ 12

Safety Information
IMPORTANT: Before driving this vehicle,
be certain that you have read and that
you fully understand each and every step
of the driving and handling information
in this manual. Be certain that you fully
understand and follow all safety warnings.
IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THE
FOLLOWING INFORMATION BE
READ, UNDERSTOOD AND ALWAYS
FOLLOWED.
The following types of advisories are used
throughout this manual:
DANGER
Danger indicates an unsafe practice that
could result in serious personal injury or
death. A danger advisory banner is in
white type on a black background with
ablack border.
WARNING
Warning indicates an unsafe practice that
could result in personal injury. A warning
advisory banner is in black type on a
gray background with a black border.
CAUTION
Caution indicates an unsafe practice that
could result in damage to the product. A
caution advisory is in black type on a
white background with a black border.
Note: Note indicates a procedure, practice,
or condition that must be followed in order
for the vehicle or component to function in
the manner intended.

Volvo Engines 1
Introduction
The Volvo D13F engine meets the emissions
standards which apply to all heavy-duty
diesel engines built after January 1, 2007 for
on-highway vehicles. The 2007 standards
reduce allowable emissions of nitrogen
oxides (NOx) by 50% and emissions of
particulates (soot) by 90% from previous
levels.
Key Features of the D13F Volvo Engine:
•Improved Fuel Economy
•Extended Oil Drain Intervals
•Improved Cooling Capacity
•Low Maintenance Diesel Particulate
Filter
•Enhanced Engine Brake Performance
Fuel
CAUTION
Diesel engines for 2007 and later model
year vehicles are designed to operate only
with Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD)
fuel. Use of fuel other than ULSD will
reduce the efficiency and durability of
the engine, permanently damage the
advanced emission control systems,
reduce fuel economy and possibly
prevent the engine from running at all.
Manufacturer’s warranties are likely to
be rendered void by usage of improper
or incorrect fuel, and usage of fuels
other than ULSD fuel in diesel-powered
vehicles is illegal and punishable with
civil penalties. Use of fuel additives to
compensate for the lower sulfur content is
NOT recommended by Volvo.
Fuel sold for use in diesel-powered engines
for 2007 and later model year vehicles may
only contain a maximum sulfur content of
0.0015% by weight. This was done to reduce
particle emissions in the exhaust.
Engine Oil
VDS-4 or EO-O Premium Plus diesel engine
oil is mandatory for use in all 2007 emission
compliant Volvo engines. Chassis equipped
with a 2007 emission compliant engine,
which can be identified by the presence of a
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), also require
the use of Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD)
fuel. EO-O Premium Plus oils exceed the
new API service category CJ-4.

2 Volvo Engines
Engine Operation
DANGER
Do not use ether or other combustible
starting aids in any Volvo engine.
Introduction of ether or similar starting
aids could cause a fire or explosion
resulting in severe property damage,
serious personal injury or death.
CAUTION
DO NOT crank the engine for more than
30 seconds at a time; wait two minutes
after each try to allow the starter to cool.
Failure to follow these instructions could
cause starter damage.
Note: Some starters are equipped with
starter protection. If the engine is running,
the starter temperature is too high or
the transmission is not in neutral, starter
engagement is inhibited.
Allow the engine to slow down and idle
for 3 to 5 minutes before shutting it off.
This allows the turbo to slow down and the
cooling system to dissipate the engine heat.
Switch the engine off by turning the ignition
key to the OFF position.
CAUTION
Shutting off an engine immediately after
high speed or full load operation can
damage the turbo and cause heat stress in
the engine. Always let the engine idle for
3 to 5 minutes before shutting it off.

Volvo Engines 3
Engine Shutdown System
DANGER
Failure to take the necessary precautions
when the STOP telltale is on can result in
automatic engine shutdown and the loss of
power steering. Vehicle crash can occur.
The engine shutdown system will
automatically derate or stop the engine when
one or more of the conditions listed below
reaches a critical stage:
•High Coolant Temperature
•Low Oil Pressure
•Low Coolant Level
•High Crankcase Pressure
•High Diesel Particulate Filter Soot
Level
When the shutdown is activated, the telltales
come on along with display symbols and the
buzzer is also activated. After a brief time,
the engine shuts down. Find a safe place to
pull off the road as soon as possible.
After the engine has been shut down by
the system, turn the ignition key to the off
position. If necessary, the engine can be
restarted for a brief time so that the vehicle
may be pulled off the road.
The alarm will remain activated until repairs
have been made to correct the problem that
caused the shutdown.
CAUTION
Continuously restarting the engine once
the shutdown system is active may result
in severe engine damage.
Refer to the Prevost manual for information
about the display symbols.
W3005171

4 Volvo Engines
Engine Overview
W2006596
1 EGR Valve
2 Aftertreatment Fuel Injector
3 Exhaust Manifold
4 Valve Cover
5 Engine Preheater Element
6 Thermostat Cover
7 Belt Tensioner
8 Coolant Pump
9 Oil Filters
10 EGR Cooler
11 Oil Pan
12 Starter Motor
13 Turbocharger

Volvo Engines 5
Engine Overview
W2006598
1 Venturi Pipe
2 EGR Mixing Chamber
3 Intake Manifold
4 Engine Electronic Control Unit (EECU)
5 Breather Tube
6 Air Compressor
7 Power Steering Pump
8 Fuel Pump
9 Hand Primer
10 Fuel/Water Separator
11 Fuel Filter
12 Crankcase Ventilator
13 Fan/Coolant Pump Belt

6 Volvo Engines
Exhaust Aftertreatment System
Safety Information
The exhaust aftertreatment system utilizes
technology that oxidizes trapped particles
of unburned hydrocarbons thereby reducing
emissions. This oxidation occurs during the
regeneration process. While regeneration
is occurring, very high exhaust gas
temperatures will occur. In some vehicles,
regeneration can occur when the vehicle is
stationary.
DANGER
Exhaust gases and components can be
at extremely high temperatures during
regeneration. When parking the vehicle,
keep away from people, or any flammable
materials, vapors, or structures.
DANGER
The temperature of the exhaust system
components during the regeneration
process can exceed 500 degrees C (1000
degrees F). Various factors (including
ambient temperature and duration of the
regeneration process) determine when
these components will return to normal
operating temperature after regeneration
has completed. Be extremely careful
around these hot components. Contact
with these components can result in
serious personal injury.

Volvo Engines 7
Description
CAUTION
Use of diesel fuel other than ULSD and
engine oils other than VDS-4 or EO-O
Premium Plus, will adversely affect
performance, efficiency and durability
of the DPF system and the engine, to
the point where the engine may not run
at all. Manufacturer’s warranties can
also be rendered void due to usage of
improper fuel. Unapproved fuel additives
(including engine oil) are NOT permitted.
Blends of No. 1D and No. 2D grades of
ULSD are recommended and allowable
for cold weather operations.
The exhaust aftertreatment system virtually
eliminates exhaust smoke. Exhaust vapor
(water condensation) may be visible during a
cold start. If exhaust smoke is visible during
engine operation, this indicates a problem
with the exhaust aftertreatment system. Take
the vehicle to an authorized Prevost dealer
immediately
Vehicles equipped with a 2007 emission
compliant engine have an exhaust
aftertreatment system which includes a
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). The DPF
reduces soot and particulate emissions into
the atmosphere. The DPF takes the place
of the standard muffler. Soot and other
particulate matter are collected by a filter
where it is eventually oxidized using a
regeneration process. Vehicles equipped
with a DPF require the use of VDS-4 or
EO-O Premium Plus specification high
performance diesel engine oil and Ultra Low
Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel.
Exhaust Aftertreatment System Icons
There are two aftertreatment icons:
•DPF Regeneration Required
•High Exhaust System Temperature
(HEST)
The DPF Regeneration Required icon on
the Smart switch illuminates when the
diesel particulate filter is becoming full and
regeneration is needed. The icon flashes
when the filter is full or overfull.
W3007445
DPF Regeneration Required Icon
The High Exhaust System Temperature
icon in the instrument cluster illuminates
when a parked regeneration is initiated. It
also indicates high exhaust gas temperature
during an at-speed regeneration. When
the HEST icon is illuminated, do not park
or operate the vehicle near people, or any
flammable materials, vapors, or structures.
W3007444
High Exhaust System Temperature
(HEST) Icon

8 Volvo Engines
Operation
The Smart switch is used to interact with
the exhaust aftertreatment system DPF. The
switch is located on the left side of the
instrument panel.
W2006564
Regeneration
CAUTION
During the regeneration process, the
temperature of the exhaust will be
elevated. DO NOT park the vehicle with
the exhaust outlet under low hanging
overhead flammable objects such as trees,
awnings, etc. that could be damaged by
elevated exhaust temperatures.
CAUTION
If the vehicle is in a location that may be
hazardous when regeneration begins (i.e.,
in close proximity to flammable materials
or gases, inside tunnels, parked under
flammable objects, etc.), the regeneration
should be stopped. If regeneration is
stopped by the vehicle operator, it should
be initiated at a later time when the vehicle
is in a safer location. Regenerations
that are stopped and never restarted at a
later time, however, will require that the
vehicle be taken to an authorized Prevost
dealer to have the regeneration manually
started.
Note: If regeneration occurs during vehicle
operation, idle speed may increase when
the vehicle is stopped at a traffic light to
maintain proper regeneration conditions.
There are two types of regeneration:
at-speed automatic and parked. Automatic
regeneration only occurs when the vehicle
is moving at uninterrupted highway speed.
Parked regeneration is manually initiated
when the vehicle is stationary. This is the
standard configuration. Other configurations
are available.
The aftertreatment system is self-monitoring.
When the diesel particulate filter is
becoming full and regeneration is needed,
the DPF Regeneration Required icon on
the Smart switch illuminates. Maintain
uninterrupted highway speed for an
automatic regeneration. To delay the
regeneration process, if necessary, press the
bottom of the Smart switch. Initiate a parked
regeneration at the next stop.

Volvo Engines 9
If the regeneration process is not delayed,
the regeneration process starts, the DPF
Regeneration Required icon turns off and the
High Exhaust System Temperature (HEST)
icon may illuminate.
Note: It is important to enable regeneration
as soon as possible to avoid engine
problems. Long-term engine operation with
regeneration disabled will result in a loss of
engine performance including horsepower,
torque and speed derates. Also, the DPF
filter will become overloaded with soot and
require service.
The regeneration process can be stopped
at any time by turning the ignition key to
OFF, or by pressing the bottom of the Smart
switch.
Regeneration cannot be initiated if it is not
required. The following conditions must be
met for parked regeneration:
•Parking brake is on and transmission
in neutral
•Battery charge is greater than 10 volts
•Engine is running
•Accelerator pedal is released
If the DPF Regeneration Required icon is
flashing, the diesel particulate filter is full.
Maintain uninterrupted highway speed for an
automatic regeneration or move the vehicle
to a safe location and initiate a parked
regeneration.
If the DPF Regeneration Required icon is
flashing and the CHECK light illuminates,
the diesel particulate filter is overfull. Engine
performance will be limited. To avoid
further engine derate, immediately move
the vehicle to a safe location and initiate a
parked regeneration, or take the vehicle to an
authorized Prevost dealer.
W3005170
If the DPF Regeneration Required icon is
flashing and the STOP light illuminates,
a serious engine problem has occurred.
The diesel particulate filter may be over
its maximum capacity and the engine may
shut down. The vehicle must be taken
immediately to an authorized Prevost dealer
for service.
W3005171
Aftertreatment System Maintenance
The vehicle must be taken to an authorized
Prevost dealer to replace the diesel
particulate filter and clean the aftertreatment
fuel injector.
•The filter replacement is 400 000
km (250,000 miles) or 4,500 hours,
whichever occurs first.
•The aftertreatment fuel injector cleaning
interval is 240 000 km (150,000 miles)
or 4,500 hours, whichever occurs first.

10 Volvo Engines
Engine Brake
The engine brake is operated by the Engine
Brake buttons on the steering wheel. It works
together with the exhaust brake to provide
two levels of braking power. There are three
Engine Brake buttons on the steering wheel:
OFF, (1) LOW and (2) HIGH. When the
Engine Brake button (1) LOW is depressed,
only the exhaust brake is engaged. When the
Engine Brake button (2) HIGH is depressed,
both the exhaust brake and the compression
brake are activated. The following conditions
must be met:
•Engine Brake button (1) LOW or (2)
HIGH depressed
•Engine Brake/Transmission Retarder
selector switch is set to Engine Brake
position (selector switch can be found
on the dashboard only if the vehicle is
equipped with both systems)
•Vehicle speed over 12 km/h (7.5 mph)
•Engine temperature over 43 C
(110 F)
•Accelerator pedal is released
•Engine speed exceeds 1150 rpm

Volvo Engines 11
Engine Maintenance Intervals
Component Operation Interval
Fuel Filter Change
Every oil change. Under certain
conditions (for example, irregular fuel
quality), the fuel/water separator filters
may require more frequent replacement.
Water Separator Filter Change
Every oil change. Under certain
conditions (for example, irregular fuel
quality), the fuel/water separator filters
may require more frequent replacement.
Air Filter Change Restriction indicator or 24 months,
whichever comes first
Coolant (ELC) Change 1 000 000 km (600,000 miles) or 48
months, whichever comes first
Coolant Filter (ELC) Change 240 000 km (150,000 miles) or 12
months, whichever comes first
Valves/Injectors Initial Adjust 200 000 km (125,000 miles) or 12
months, whichever comes first
Valves/Injectors Adjust Every 400 000 km (250,000 miles) or
24 months, whichever comes first
DPF Filter Change 400 000 km (250,000 miles) or 4,500
hours, whichever occurs first
Aftertreatment Fuel Injector Clean 240 000 km (150,000 miles) or 4,500
hours, whichever occurs first

12 Volvo Engines
Oil Change Intervals
The length of time an engine can operate
before an oil change depends on the
quality oil used, the type of fuel used,
fuel consumption, engine oil consumption,
vehicle application, level of dust in the air,
and fuel consumption. The change intervals
given in this manual are maximum intervals.
If the vehicle is operating in heavy-duty
operation, dusty or off-road conditions, etc.,
reduce the intervals for more frequent oil
changes.
Note: Use the information in the table below
to determine the operating condition and
usage applicable to your vehicle.
Engine Operating Condition Medium Heavy Severe
Total Fuel Consumption (mpg) More than 6 More than
4.7 More than 3.7
Total Fuel Consumption (L/100 km) Less than 39 Less than 50 Less than 64
Engine Oil and Filter Change Interval, km
(miles) 56 000 (35,000) 40 000 (25,000) 24 000 (15,000)
Note: If idle time is greater than 25%, use the next lower drain interval.
For additional information about oil change
intervals, see your Prevost dealer. Also, refer
to Bulletin 175-60, Oil and Filters, Volvo
Components.
For a complete list of approved oils, see
your Prevost dealer. Also, refer to Bulletin
175-61, Approved Oils, Volvo Components.
Cooling System
WARNING
DO NOT remove the coolant fill cap if
the coolant in the surge tank is boiling.
Also, DO NOT remove the cap while the
engine and radiator are still hot. Scalding
fluid and steam may be blown out under
pressure if the cap is taken off too soon
and can cause personal injury.
CAUTION
Never add coolant to a hot or overheated
engine. Engine damage can result. Allow
the engine to cool first.
Coolant capacity including heating system is
approximately 91 liters (24 US gallons).
When the coolant level in the cooling system
is low, the CHECK light illuminates. When
the coolant level in the cooling system is
critically low, the STOP light illuminates.
Stop the vehicle in a safe location and add
coolant to the cooling system surge tank as
soon as possible.

Volvo Group North America, Inc.
P.O. Box 26115 Greensboro, NC 27402-6115
http://www.volvo.com
PV776-20158786 (USA) 08.2008 © Volvo Group North America, Inc. , 2008