Agilent Technologies E4991A User manual

Caution
Do not exceed the operating input power, voltage, and current
level and signal type appropriate for the instrument being used, refer to
your instrument's Function Reference.
Electrostatic discharge(ESD) can damage the highly sensitive
microcircuits in your instrument. ESD damage is most likely to occur as
the test fixtures are being connected or disconnected. Protect them from
ESD damage by wearing a grounding strap that provides a high
resistance path to ground. Alternatively, ground yourself to discharge any
static charge built-up by touching the outer shell of any grounded
instrument chassis before touching the test port connectors.

Safety Summary
When you notice any of the unusual conditions listed below, immediately
terminate operation and disconnect the power cable.
Contact your local Agilent Technologies sales representative or
authorized service company for repair of the instrument. If you continue
to operate without repairing the instrument, there is a potential fire or
shock hazard for the operator.
- Instrument operates abnormally.
- Instrument emits abnormal noise, smell, smoke or a spark-like
light during operation.
- Instrument generates high temperature or electrical shock
during operation.
- Power cable, plug, or receptacle on instrument is damaged.
- Foreign substance or liquid has fallen into the instrument.

Herstellerbescheinigung
GER

AUSCHEMISSION
LpA < 70 dB
am Arbeitsplatz
normaler Betrieb
nach DIN 45635 T.19
Manufacturer's Declaration
ACOUSTIC NOISE EMISSION
LpA < 70 dB
operator position
normal operation
per ISO 7779

Regulatory compliance information
This product complies with the essential requirements of the following applicable European Directives, and
carries the CE marking accordingly:
The Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC, amended by 93/68/EEC
The EMC Directive 89/336/EEC, amended by 93/68/EEC
To obtain Declaration of Conformity, please contact your local Agilent Technologies sales office, agent or
distributor.

Safety notice supplement
・This equipment complies with EN/IEC61010-1:2001.
・This equipment is MEASUREMENT CATEGORY I (CAT I). Do not use for CAT II, III, or IV.
・Do not connect the measuring terminals to mains.
・This equipment is POLLUTION DEGREE 2, INDOOR USE product.
・This equipment is tested with stand-alone condition or with the combination with the accessories supplied
by Agilent Technologies against the requirement of the standards described in the Declaration of
Conformity. If it is used as a system component, compliance of related regulations and safety requirements
are to be confirmed by the builder of the system.

Agilent E4991A RF Impedance/Material Analyzer
Operation Manual
Ninth Edition
SERIAL NUMBERS
This manual applies directly to instruments that have the firmware revision 2.1x and serial number prefix MY433.
For additional important information about firmware revisions and serial numbers, see Appendix A.
Manufacturing No. E4991-90090
June 2012

2
Notices
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. All rights
are reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to
another language without the prior written consent of the Agilent Technologies.
MS-DOS, Windows, Visual C++, Visual Basic, VBA and Excel are U.S. registered
trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed
exclusively through X/Open Company Limited.
Portions ©Copyright 2012, Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
© Copyright 2001, 2002 ,2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 , 2012 Agilent Technologies
Manual Printing History
The manual’s printing date and part number indicate its current edition. The printing date
changes when a new edition is printed (minor corrections and updates that are incorporated
at reprint do not cause the date to change). The manual part number changes when
extensive technical changes are incorporated.
March 2001 Preliminary (part number: E4991-90000)
April 2001 First Edition (part number: E4991-90010)
July 2001 Second Edition (part number: E4991-90020)
September 2001 Third Edition (part number: E4991-90030)
February 2002 Fourth Edition (part number: E4991-90040)
March 2003 Fifth Edition (part number: E4991-90050)
December 2004 Sixth Edition (part number: E4991-90060)
December 2005 Seventh Edition (part number: E4991-90070)
July 2006 Eighth Edition (part number: E4991-90080)
June 2012 Ninth Edition (part number: E4991-90090)

3
Safety Summary
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation,
service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with
specific WARNINGS elsewhere in this manual may impair the protection provided by the
equipment. Such noncompliance would also violate safety standards of design,
manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Agilent Technologies assumes no liability
for the customer’s failure to comply with these precautions.
NOTE The E4991A complies with INSTALLATION CATEGORY II as well as POLLUTION
DEGREE 2 in IEC61010-1. The E4991A is an INDOOR USE product.
NOTE The LEDs in the E4991A are Class 1 in accordance with IEC60825-1,
CLASS 1 LED PRODUCT
• Ground the Instrument
To avoid electric shock, the instrument chassis and cabinet must be grounded with the
supplied power cable’s grounding prong.
• DO NOT Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere
Do not operate the instrument in the presence of inflammable gasses or fumes.
Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment clearly constitutes a
safety hazard.
• Keep Away from Live Circuits
Operators must not remove instrument covers. Component replacement and internal
adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance personnel. Do not replace
components with the power cable connected. Under certain conditions, dangerous
voltage levels may remain even after the power cable has been disconnected. To avoid
injuries, always disconnect the power and discharge circuits before touching them.
• DO NOT Service or Adjust the Instrument Alone
Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person, capable of
rendering first aid and resuscitation, is present.
• DO NOT Substitute Parts or Modify the Instrument
To avoid the danger of introducing additional hazards, do not install substitute parts or
perform unauthorized modifications to the instrument. Return the instrument to an
Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that
safety features are maintained in operational condition.
• Dangerous Procedure Warnings
Warnings, such as the example below, precede potentially dangerous procedures
throughout this manual. Instructions contained in the warnings must be followed.
WARNING Dangerous voltage levels, capable of causing death, are present in this instrument.
Use extreme caution when handling, testing, and adjusting this instrument.

4
Safety Symbols
General definitions of safety symbols used on the instrument or in manuals are listed
below.
Instruction Manual symbol: the product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary for
the user to refer to the instrument manual.
Alternating current.
Direct current.
On (Supply).
Off (Supply).
In-position of push-button switch.
Out-position of push-button switch.
A chassis terminal; a connection to the instrument’s chassis, which includes all exposed
metal structure.
Stand-by.
WARNING This warning sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or
condition that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or
death to personnel.
CAUTION This Caution sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or condition
that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of
part or all of the instrument.
NOTE This Note sign denotes important information. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or
condition that is essential for the user to understand.
Certification
Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time
of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration
measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and
Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institution’s calibration facility or by the
calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.

5
Warranty
This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in material and
workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment, except that in the case of
certain components listed in this manual, the warranty shall be for the specified period.
During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies will, at its option, either repair or replace
products that prove to be defective.
For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated
by Agilent Technologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent Technologies,
and Agilent Technologies shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer.
However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to
Agilent Technologies from another country.
Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and firmware designated by Agilent
Technologies for use with an instrument will execute its programming instruction when
properly installed on that instrument. Agilent Technologies does not warrant that the
operation of the instrument, or software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free.
Limitation of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate
maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification
or misuse, operation outside the environmental specifications for the product, or improper
site preparation or maintenance.
IMPORTANT No other warranty is expressed or implied. Agilent Technologies specifically disclaims the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
Exclusive Remedies
The remedies provided herein are Buyer’s sole and exclusive remedies. Agilent
Technologies shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or
consequential damages, whether based on contract, tort, or any other legal theory.

6
Assistance
Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available
for Agilent Technologies products.
For any assistance, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office.
Addresses are provided at the back of this manual.
Typeface Conventions
Sample (bold) Boldface type is used when a term is defined or
emphasis.
Sample (Italic) Italic type is used for emphasis.
key Indicates a hardkey (key on the front panel or
external keyboard) labeled “Sample.” “key” may
be omitted.
Sample menu/button/box Indicates a menu/button/box on the screen labeled
“Sample” which can be selected/executed by
clicking. “menu,” “button,” or “box” may be
omitted.
Sample block/toolbar Indicates a block (group of hardkeys) or a toolbar
(setup toolbar) labeled “Sample.”
Sample 1 - Sample 2 - Sample 3 Indicates a sequential operation of Sample 1,
Sample 2, and Sample 3 (menu, button, or box).
“-” may be omitted.

7
Documentation Map
The following manuals are available for the Agilent E4991A.
•Operational Manual (Part Number E4991-900x0, attached to Option ABA)
This manual describes most of the basic information needed to use the E4991A. It
provides a function overview, detailed operation procedure for each function (from
preparation for measurement to analysis of measurement results), measurement
examples, specifications, and supplemental information. For programming guidance on
performing automatic measurement with the E4991A, please see the Programming
Manual.
•Installation and Quick Start Guide (Part Number E4991-902x1, attached to Option
ABA)
This manual describes installation of the instrument after it is delivered and the basic
procedures for applications and analysis. Refer to this manual when you use the
E4991A for the first time.
•Programming Manual (Part Number E4991-900x2, attached to Option ABA)
This manual provides programming information for performing automatic
measurement with the E4991A. It includes an outline of remote control, procedures for
detecting measurement start (trigger) and end (sweep end), application programming
examples, a command reference, and related information.
NOTE The number position shown by “x” in the part numbers above indicates the edition number.
This convention is applied to each manual, CD-ROM (for manuals), and sample programs
disk issued. Here, “0” indicates the initial edition, and each time a revision is made this
number is incremented by 1. The latest edition allows the customer to specify Option ABJ
(Japanese) or Option ABA (English) of the product.
Microsoft®, MS-DOS®, Windows®, and Visual Basic®for Applications are registered
trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in U.S. and other countries.

8
Software Installed
The Windows operating system installed in this machine is customized for more effective
operation, and has different functions that are not part of the Windows operating system for
ordinary PCs (personal computers). Therefore, do not attempt to use the system in ways
other than those described in this manual or to install Windows-based software (including
anti-virus software) for ordinary PCs as doing so may cause malfunctions.
Also note the followings.
• Do not update the Windows operating system installed in this machine to the Windows
operating system for ordinary PCs. Doing so will cause malfunctions.
• Do not allow any computer virus to infect the system. This machine has no virus check
function nor anti-virus software installed.
Agilent Technologies will not be held liable for any failure or damage arising from
negligence regarding these prohibitions and warnings.
NOTE If the pre-installed software is damaged somehow, resulting in errant behavior by the
machine, perform a "system recovery".

Contents
9
1. How to Use This Operation Manual
Relationship of Operation Manual Contents to Using the E4991A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2. Function Overview
Names and Functions of Front Panel Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1. Standby switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2. 3.5-inch built-in floppy disk drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3. Color LCD display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4. Measurement block (MEASUREMENT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5. Stimulus block (STIMULUS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6. Entry/navigation block (ENTRY/NAVIGATION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7. System block (SYSTEM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8. Utility key ( key) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
9. Test head interface (TEST HEAD INTERFACE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Names and Functions of Rear Panel Blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1. Power cable receptacle (-LINE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2. LAN port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3. Printer parallel port (PRINTER, Parallel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4. External trigger input connector (Ext Trig). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5. External monitor output terminal (VIDEO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6. GPIB connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7. High stability frequency reference output connector (Ref Oven, Option 1D5 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8. External reference signal input terminal (Ext Ref In, 10 MHz 0 dBm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
9. Internal reference signal output connector (Int Ref Out) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
10. Unused ports (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
11. Rear USB port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
12. Mini-DIN mouse port (MOUSE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
13. Mini-Din keyboard port (KYBD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
14. Serial number plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
15. Unused ports (Reserved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Names and Functions of LCD Display Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1. Title bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2. Menu bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3. Marker values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4. Setup toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5. Trace 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
6. Trace 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7. Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
8. Scale reference line value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
9. Trace 1 axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
10. Sweep start value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
11. Sweep stop value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
12. Trace 2 axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
13. Status bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3. Setting Measurement Conditions
Initialization of E4991A (presetting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Setting Material Measurement Parameter (Option 002 only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

10
Contents
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Selection and Confirmation of Target Trace (Active Trace) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Selecting Active Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Identifying Active Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Selecting Sweep Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Using Time as Sweep Parameter (Zero Span Sweep) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Selecting Sweep Type (Linear/Log/Segment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Selecting Sweep Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Measurement Waiting Time/Sweep Time Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Setting Sweep Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Setting Sweep Area with Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Setting Number of Points (NOP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Oscillator Level Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Definition of Oscillator Level Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Setting and Applying dc Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Setting the Trigger Source To Start Sweep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Selecting Trigger Target (Trigger Event) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Single Sweep, Continuous Sweep and Sweep Stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Selecting Polarity of External Trigger Input Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
CW Frequency Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Sweeping a Plural Number of Sweep Areas under Different Conditions at One Time (Segment Sweep) . 66
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Averaging Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Averaging Plural Sweeps (Sweep-to-Sweep Averaging) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Averaging by Each Measurement Point (Point Averaging) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4. Calibration and Compensation
Outline of Calibration and Compensation Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Types of Calibration and Compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Calibration Reference Plane and Calibration Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Calibration/Compensation measurement point mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Calibration and Compensation Using 7-mm Test Port as a Calibration Reference Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Calibration using DUT Connecting Terminal as a Calibration Reference Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Calibration of Open/Short/Load/Low-loss Capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

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11
Port Extension Compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Electrical Length Compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Fixture Compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Measuring Fixture Compensation Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Switching Fixture Compensation On/Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Definition of Calibration/Compensation Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Definition of Calibration Kit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Definition of Calibration Kit in Permittivity Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Definition of Compensation Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Restoring Calibration/Compensation Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
5. Display Setting
Setting the Types and Numbers of Display Traces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Maximize a Display Window on the Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Selecting Measurement Parameter (Impedance Measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Setting Measurement Parameter (Material Measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Selecting Graph Coordinate Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Autoscale Adjustment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Autoscale Adjustment for each Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Autoscale Adjustment for all Traces at Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Manual Scale Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Scale Setting in Rectangular Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Scale Setting on Complex Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Scale Setting in Polar Coordinate Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Setting of Reference Line Value by Using Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Zooming a Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Overlay Display and Split Display of Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Displaying Measurement Values in List Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Trace Comparison Using Memory Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Comparison with a stored reference trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Subtraction of Offset Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Offset Value Setting by Using the Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Selecting Sweep Area Display (Start/Stop or Center/Span) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Setting Frequency Display Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Confirm the Setting Status on the Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

12
Contents
Continuous Phase Display Without Returning at ±180°. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Selecting Phase Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Displaying Trace Title on Measurement Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Changing Display Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
6. Analysis of Measurement Results
Reading Value on the Trace by Specifying Stimulus Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Displaying the Values of Plural Points on a Trace in a Value List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Reading Difference from Reference Point on a Graph (Delta Marker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Delta Marker Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Reading Only the Actual Measurement Point/Reading the Distance between Measurement Points through
Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Move the Marker for Each Trace Independently . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Selecting Marker Value Display for Plural Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Selecting Marker Analysis Target Trace (Data/Memory) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Search for Max. and Min. Measurement Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Search for Target Point of Measurement Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Peak Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Maximal Point and Minimal Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Positive Peak and Negative Peak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Outline of Peak Search Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Define the Peaks Using Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Working Out Trace Average, Standard Deviation, and Peak to Peak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Specify the Partial Search Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Execution of Automatic Search in Each Sweep (Search Tracking) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Changing Marker Stimulus Value Display to Time/Relaxation Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Calculation of Equivalent Circuit Parameter and Simulation of Frequency Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Calculation of Equivalent Circuit Parameter based on Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Frequency Characteristics Simulation based on Equivalent Circuit Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Setting a Limit to the Trace and Making a Pass/Fail Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

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7. Saving and Recalling Internal Data
Overview of Save and Recall Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Saving and Recalling Setting States (Save State) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
To save setting states: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
To recall setting states: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Saving and Recalling Measurement Data in Binary Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
To save measurement data in binary format:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
To recall measurement data: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Saving Measurement Data to Read in Spreadsheet Software (Saving in ASCII Format) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
To save measurement data in ASCII format: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
To import measurement data saved in ASCII format into Microsoft Excel™:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Saving Measurement Data in CITIfile Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Overview of CITIfile Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
How to Create a CITIfile on the E4991A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
CITIfile Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
To create a CITIfile: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Saving Display Information (Save Graphics). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
To save display information: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Recalling Saved Image File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
8. Printing Measurement Results and Internal Data
Printing Measurement Graphs and Internal Data Lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Supported Printers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
How to print data on the screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Installing Printer Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
How to install a printer driver: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
9. Setup and Use of Control/Management Functions
Setting the GPIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Setting talker/listener GPIB address of E4991A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Setting system controller (USB/GPIB interface) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Setting the Internal Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Procedure for setting the internal clock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Setting the Mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Setup Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Confirmation of Options and Firmware Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Operation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
System Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Types of system recoveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Notes on executing system recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Procedure to execute system recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Procedure to create the user backup image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Procedure to execute the user recovery function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
10. Using LAN
Configuring the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Enabling/disabling network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Setting IP address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

14
Contents
Specifying computer name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
File Transfer Using FTP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
FTP file transfer using MS-DOS™prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
FTP file transfer using FTP application software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Stop/Abortion of process/Cut off from server by E4991A operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Using Remote User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Outline of Remote User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Installation of E4991A user interface software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Procedure to uninstall E4991A user interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Starting up the E4991A user interface and connecting to the E4991A measurement server . . . . . . . . . 233
Disconnection of E4991A measurement server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Closing the E4991A user interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Copying measurement plot and internal data to other application software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
11. Specifications and Supplemental Information
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Measurement Parameters and Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Measurement Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Measurement Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Source Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Oscillator Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Output Impedance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
DC Bias (Option 001). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
DC Voltage Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
DC Current Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
DC Bias Monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Probe Station Connection Kit (Option 010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Oscillator Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Sweep Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Sweep Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Segment Sweep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Conditions for Defining Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Accuracy When Open/Short/Load Calibration is Performed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Accuracy When Open/Short/Load/Low-Loss Capacitor Calibration is Performed (point averaging factor ≥
8, typical) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Definition of Each Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Calculated Impedance Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Measurement Support Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Error Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Trigger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Marker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Equivalent Circuit Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Limit Marker Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Mass Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255