Crystal Vision Up-and-down-AAFD User manual

Crystal Vision Ltd., Lion Technology Park, Station Road East, Whittlesford, Cambridge, CB22 4WL, England.
E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.crystalvision.tv Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Up-and-down-AAFD
Combined up, down and cross converter
with embedded audio handling and AFD
inserter

Crystal Vision Introduction
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.2 1 17/11/10
Contents
Contents 1
1Introduction 3
1.1Operating modes 4
2Hardware installation 7
2.1Rear modules and signal I/O 7
Rear module connections with RM34 7
Rear module connections with RM29 8
2.2General Purpose Interface (GPI) 8
3Card edge operation 12
3.1Card edge controls 12
3.2Card edge buttons 12
3.3Card edge rotary control 12
3.4Reading card edge LEDs 13
3.5Navigating card edge menus 13
3.6Card edge configuration 14
Card edge status 15
Setting the output configuration (format converter mode) 15
Setting the output configuration (aspect ratio converter mode) 17
Video gains and offsets (Gain) 19
Picture Crop 19
Position and Size menu 20
Preset menu 21
Recalling factory default settings (Reset) 21

Crystal Vision Introduction
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.2 2 17/11/10
4Using the front control panel 23
Selecting Up-and-down- AAFD 24
Updating the display 24
4.1The Up-and-down-AAFD active panel menu structure 24
Video Control Menu (format converter mode) 28
Video Control Menu (aspect ratio converter mode) 30
Picture Crop 32
Presets Menu 33
Status 35
5Statesman 36
5.1Statesman operation 36
Control menu 37
Size and position 38
Picture Crop 38
Gains and Offsets 39
Presets and factory reset 40
AFD (SMPTE 2016) 41
6Trouble shooting 42
6.1Card edge status LEDs 42
Basic fault finding guide 42
7Specification 43
Revision 2 Note added to WSS blanking control. 15/11/2010

Crystal Vision Introduction
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.2 3 17/11/10
1 Introduction
Up-and-down-AAFD provides format conversion between High Definition and Standard
Definition and different HD formats sharing the same line rate. This is achieved by using the
latest motion adaptive video de-interlacing techniques incorporating both detail and edge
enhancement processing. The Up-and-down-AAFD can pass up to two groups of embedded
audio and four groups in bypass mode. The board also includes a flexible aspect ratio
converter and AFD inserter. The Active Format Descriptor inserter is included to insert picture
aspect ratio data into the output video for aspect ratio correction by down-stream equipment.
DA outputs are available for both the reclocked input and converted program.
Up-and-down-AAFD converter
The main features are as follows:
Combined up, down and cross conversion
Motion adaptive video de-interlacing with both detail and edge enhancement
Flexible aspect ratio conversion
Auto bypass when input and output are the same standard
Handles embedded audio
SMPTE 2016-3 Vertical Ancillary Data Mapping of Active Format Descriptor
One frame video delay in all modes
Two scaled outputs and two input loop-throughs
Fits in standard frames alongside HD, SD and audio products
Up-and-down-AAFD is a 100mm x 266mm module, which fits in the four standard frames
and can be integrated with any boards from the company’s full product range. The RM34 is
the rear module of choice although the RM29 can also be used.

Crystal Vision Introduction
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.2 4 17/11/10
1.1 Operating modes
Up-and-down-AAFD incorporates a number of processing features to ensure that maximum
performance is maintained under all circumstances. To obtain the best results when scaling up
or down generally requires different techniques depending on whether the video contains slow
or fast moving images. Up-and-down-AAFD employs motion adaptive video de-interlacing to
maximise the picture’s vertical resolution alongside a scaler and frame rate converter to
achieve the best picture that always appears smooth and natural-looking. Up converting from
SD to HD will give a softer picture: the adjustable detail enhancement feature allows image
sharpening. Fine edge detail processing additionally ensures that the picture remains clear and
sharp without creating unpleasant jagged edges.
To maintain the best picture quality, Up-and-down-AAFD automatically enters a bypass mode
when the input is the same as the selected output standard and no aspect ratio conversion is
selected. This is achieved by bypassing the major processing blocks. Whilst in bypass mode
the gain, offset, detail and aspect ratio controls will be inactive.
In normal operation Up-and-down-AAFD can handle two groups of embedded audio which
will then be presented at its output. In the event that more than two groups of embedded audio
are present, Up-and-down-AAFD will automatically take the two lowest numbered groups and
re-embed them on groups 1 and 2 of its output.
Up-and-down-AAFD can also be used as a flexible Standard Definition aspect ratio converter.
Up conversion
625/50 to 720p 50
525/59.94 to 720p 59.94
625/50 to 1080i 50
525/59.94 to 1080i 59.94
Down conversion
720p 50 to 625/50
720p 59.94 to 525/59.94
1080i 50 to 625/50
1080i 59.94 to 525/59.94
Cross conversion
720p 50 to 1080i 50
720p 59.94 to 1080i 59.94
1080i 50 to 720p 50
1080i 59.94 to 720p 59.94
High Definition aspect ratio is always 16:9, but Standard Definition can be 16:9 or 4:3. Up-
and-down-AAFD has a selection of aspect ratio settings for both SD inputs and SD outputs.
Input/Output format Output aspect ratio
HD(16:9)/SD(4:3)
16:9 Letterbox (Full image)
14:9 Letterbox (Compromise)
16:9 Full Screen (Centre cut)
Anamorphic (compressed horizontally)

Crystal Vision Introduction
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.2 5 17/11/10
Input/Output format Input aspect ratio
SD(4:3)/HD(16:9)
4:3 Pillarbox (Full image)
14:9 Pillarbox (Compromise)
4:3 Full Screen (Centre cut)
Anamorphic (compressed vertically)
Full 4:3 source width horizontally stretched
to 16:9 monitor width
Full source height mapped to monitor height
No picture lost but possible significant distortion
Full 16:9 source width mapped to 4:3 monitor width
Full source height stretched to monitor height
No picture lost but possible significant distortion

Crystal Vision Introduction
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.2 6 17/11/10
Active Format Descriptor (AFD)
Although nearly all programs are now produced in true 16:9 wide screen there is a vast
amount of archive material existing in 4:3. Conversely large numbers of second sets and
portables are still using 4:3 displays. Because of this it is necessary for the end of chain
transmission equipment such as a set top box to adjust the incoming pictures aspect ratio to
suit the final display aspect ratio.
The way in which the image should be adapted for display is controlled by the broadcaster by
means of signalling embedded in the transmission. The Active Format Descriptor (AFD) code
describes the portion of the image which is important and should therefore be presented to the
viewer.
The ANC data packets containing the AFD information are inserted within the active line
portion of the fourth line, after the switching line in the vertical ancillary space by Up-and
down-A-AFD’s AFD inserter.

Crystal Vision Hardware installation
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.2 7 17/11/10
2Hardware installation
The Up-and-down-AAFD single height module uses the RM34 rear connector that will fit into
all Crystal Vision rack frames. All modules can be plugged in and removed while the frame is
powered without damage.
2.1 Rear modules and signal I/O
The Indigo 4 4U frame will house up to 24 single height modules with up to three power
supplies. The Indigo 2 2U frame will house up to 12 single height modules and dual power
supplies. The Indigo 1 1U frame will house six single height modules and a single power
supply. The Indigo DT desk top box has a built-in power supply and will house up to two
single height modules.
Note: For details of fitting rear connectors please refer to the appropriate frame manual.
Rear module connections with RM34
The rear module of choice is the RM34, a single height module that will allow maximum
packing density with the maximum number of outputs available.
RM34 rear module connector Description
RM34
24 Up-and-down-AAFD
modules per Indigo 4 frame
12 per Indigo 2 frame
Six per Indigo 1 frame
2 per Indigo DT
All frame slots can be used
BNC I/O assignment
HD/SD OUT Scaler serial digital output
HD/SD OUT Scaler serial digital output
HD/SDI IN LOOP OUT High Definition/Standard Definition serial digital input reclocked loop-through
HD/SD IN LOOP OUT High Definition/Standard Definition serial digital input reclocked loop-through
SYNC IN/NC No user connection
HD/SD INPUT High Definition/Standard Definition serial digital input

Crystal Vision Hardware installation
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.2 8 17/11/10
Rear module connections with RM29
The RM29, although no longer available for new installations can be used with the Up-
and-down-AAFD. This is also a single height rear module giving maximum packing
density with the maximum number of outputs available.
RM29 rear module connector Description
RM29
24 Up-and-down-AAFD
modules per Indigo 4
frame
12 per Indigo 2 frame
Six per Indigo 1 frame
2 per Indigo DT
All frame slots can be
used
BNC I/O assignment
HD SDI OUT Scaler serial digital output
HD SDI OUT Scaler serial digital output
HD SDI IN LOOP High Definition/Standard Definition serial digital input reclocked loop-through
HD SDI IN LOOP High Definition/Standard Definition serial digital input reclocked loop-through
HD SDI INPUT High Definition/Standard Definition serial digital input
2.2 General Purpose Interface (GPI)
Each frame slot has up to six connections ‘a-f’ for GPI control and monitoring. These
connections are available at the rear of the frame on the 26-way D-type remote
connectors.
GPI Low (<1V) High (+5V)
1 ‘a’
GPI recall of Presets
a,b,c, high = Preset1, a,b,c, low = Preset8
2 ‘b’
3 ‘c’
4 ‘d’ No function at present
5 ‘e’ Input missing
6 ‘f’ No function at present
As supplied, each GPI output has a 270Ωresistor in series with its output. This allows for
an external LED to be driven, connected to a DC voltage of +5V.
Each General Purpose Input (GPI) is fitted with a 10kΩresistor connected to the internal
+5V.

Crystal Vision Hardware installation
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.2 9 17/11/10
4U frame GPI connections
GPI lines ‘a’ to ‘f’ of each card connect to two of eight rear remote connectors as follows:
Slot no. ‘a’ pin ‘b’ pin ‘c’ pin ‘d’ pin ‘e’ pin ‘f’ pin
1 8 (1) 9 (1) 18 (1) 26 (1) 19 (2) 20 (2)
2 7 (1) 16 (1) 17 (1) 25 (1) 10 (2) 11 (2)
3 8 (3) 9 (3) 18 (3) 26 (3) 19 (4) 20 (4)
4 7 (3) 16 (3) 17 (3) 25 (3) 10 (4) 11 (4)
5 5 (1) 6 (1) 15 (1) 24 (1) 1 (2) 2 (2)
6 4 (1) 14 (1) 13 (1) 23 (1) 3 (2) 4 (2)
7 5 (3) 6 (3) 15 (3) 24 (3) 1 (4) 2 (4)
8 4 (3) 14 (3) 13 (3) 23 (3) 3 (4) 4 (4)
9 3 (1) 12 (1) 22 (1) 21 (1) 12 (2) 13 (2)
10 10 (1) 11 (1) 19 (1) 20 (1) 21 (2) 22 (2)
11 3 (3) 12 (3) 22 (3) 21 (3) 12 (4) 13 (4)
12 10 (3) 11 (3) 19 (3) 20 (3) 21 (4) 22 (4)
Table shows pin number (remote number)
Slot no. ‘a’ pin ‘b’ pin ‘c’ pin ‘d’ pin ‘e’ pin ‘f’ pin
1 8 (5) 9 (5) 18 (5) 26 (5) 19 (6) 20 (6)
2 7 (5) 16 (5) 17 (5) 25 (5) 10 (6) 11 (6)
3 8 (7) 9 (7) 18 (7) 26 (7) 19 (8) 20 (8)
4 7 (7) 16 (7) 17 (7) 25 (7) 10 (8) 11 (8)
5 5 (5) 6 (5) 15 (5) 24 (5) 1 (6) 2 (6)
6 4 (5) 14 (5) 13 (5) 23 (5) 3 (6) 4 (6)
7 5 (7) 6 (7) 15 (7) 24 (7) 1 (8) 2 (8)
8 4 (7) 14 (7) 13 (7) 23 (7) 3 (8) 4 (8)
9 3 (5) 12 (5) 22 (5) 21 (5) 12 (6) 13 (6)
10 10 (5) 11 (5) 19 (5) 20 (5) 21 (6) 22 (6)
11 3 (7) 12 (7) 22 (7) 21 (7) 12 (8) 13 (8)
12 10 (7) 11 (7) 19 (7) 20 (7) 21 (8) 22 (8)
Table shows pin number (remote number)
Note: Remote 1, Remote 3, Remote 5 and Remote 7 are 26-way high-density D-Type female
sockets. Frame ground is pin 2 and +5V @500mA is pin 1 in each case.
Remote 2, Remote 4, Remote 6 and Remote 8 are 26-way high-density D-Type male plugs
and frame ground is pin 6 in each case and +5V @500mA is pin 15 on Remote 2 and
Remote 6.
Note. The +5V output is protected by self-resetting thermal fuses, which limit the total
output current available from Remotes 1-4 to approximately 1A. Remotes 5-8 are similarly
protected.
UpperLower

Crystal Vision Hardware installation
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.2 10 17/11/10
2U frame GPI connections
GPI lines ‘a’ to ‘f’ of each card connect to two of four rear remote connectors as follows:
Slot no. ‘a’ pin ‘b’ pin ‘c’ pin ‘d’ pin ‘e’ pin ‘f’ pin
1 8 (1) 9 (1) 18 (1) 26 (1) 19 (2) 20 (2)
2 7 (1) 16 (1) 17 (1) 25 (1) 10 (2) 11 (2)
3 8 (3) 9 (3) 18 (3) 26 (3) 19 (4) 20 (4)
4 7 (3) 16 (3) 17 (3) 25 (3) 10 (4) 11 (4)
5 5 (1) 6 (1) 15 (1) 24 (1) 1 (2) 2 (2)
6 4 (1) 14 (1) 13 (1) 23 (1) 3 (2) 4 (2)
7 5 (3) 6 (3) 15 (3) 24 (3) 1 (4) 2 (4)
8 4 (3) 14 (3) 13 (3) 23 (3) 3 (4) 4 (4)
9 3 (1) 12 (1) 22 (1) 21 (1) 12 (2) 13 (2)
10 10 (1) 11 (1) 19 (1) 20 (1) 21 (2) 22 (2)
11 3 (3) 12 (3) 22 (3) 21 (3) 12 (4) 13 (4)
12 10 (3) 11 (3) 19 (3) 20 (3) 21 (4) 22 (4)
Table shows pin number (remote number)
Note: Remote 1 and Remote 3 are 26-way high-density D-Type female sockets. Frame ground is
pin 2 and +5V @500mA is pin 1 in each case.
Remote 2 and Remote 4 are 26-way high-density D-Type male plugs and frame ground is
pin 6 in each case and +5V @500mA is pin 15 on Remote 2.
Note. The +5V output is protected by self-resetting thermal fuses, which limit the total
output current available from Remotes 1-4 to approximately 1A.
1U frame GPI connections
GPI lines ‘a’ to ‘f’ of each card connect to two rear remote connectors as follows:
Slot no. ‘a’ pin ‘b’ pin ‘c’ pin ‘d’ pin ‘e’ pin ‘f’ pin
1 8 (1) 9 (1) 18 (1) 26 (1) 19 (2) 20 (2)
2 7 (1) 16 (1) 17 (1) 25 (1) 10 (2) 11 (2)
3 5 (1) 6 (1) 15 (1) 24 (1) 1 (2) 2 (2)
4 4 (1) 14 (1) 13 (1) 23 (1) 3 (2) 4 (2)
5 3 (1) 12 (1) 22 (1) 21 (1) 12 (2) 13 (2)
6 10 (1) 11 (1) 19 (1) 20 (1) 21 (2) 22 (2)
Table shows pin number (remote number)
Note: Remote 1: 26-way high-density D-Type female socket. Frame ground is pin 2 and +5V
@500mA is pin 1.
Remote 2: 26-way high-density D-Type male plugs and frame ground is pin 6 and +5V
@500mA is pin 15.
Note. The +5V output is protected by self-resetting thermal fuses, which limit the total
output current available from Remotes 1-2 to approximately 1A.

Crystal Vision Hardware installation
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.2 11 17/11/10
Indigo DT desk top box GPI connections
GPI lines ‘a’ to ‘f’ of each card connect to two rear remote connectors as follows:
Slot no. ‘a’ pin ‘b’ pin ‘c’ pin ‘d’ pin ‘e’ pin ‘f’ pin
1 8 (1) 9 (1) 18 (1) 26 (1) 19 (2) 20 (2)
2 7 (1) 16 (1) 17 (1) 25 (1) 10 (2) 11 (2)
Table shows pin number (remote number)
Note: Remote 1: 26-way high-density D-Type female socket. Frame ground is pin 2 and +5V
@500mA is pin 1.
Remote 2: 26-way high-density D-Type male plugs and frame ground is pin 6 and +5V
@500mA is pin 15.
Note. The +5V output is protected by self-resetting thermal fuses, which limit the total
output current available from Remotes 1-2 to approximately 1A.

Crystal Vision Card edge operation
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.22 12 17/11/2010
3Card edge operation
3.1 Card edge controls
Once the start-up initialisation procedure is complete, the Up-and-down-AAFD card can
be controlled or configured from the card edge, the active control panel or the Statesman
PC interface. This chapter will concentrate on the card edge controls.
The front edge of the card provides power rail monitoring, menu selection, variables
adjustment and a ten-digit visual status display.
Up-and-down-AAFD front edge view
3.2 Card edge buttons
Up-and-down-AAFD is fitted with two tactile push button switches that allow the
operator to navigate within the menu structure.
.
Button Function Normal state Up, Action Down
 Up Menu Push to jump up a menu level or cancel a selection
ENTER Select/Action Push to select a menu and to action and confirm a change
3.3 Card edge rotary control
The board edge rotary encoder is used to navigate through the menu categories and adjust
parameter values.
Control Function
SCROLL
/ADJUST
Rotate SCROLL to identify a menu category. In combination with the ENTER button
select and ADJUST to change the current level or select a further option.
Notes: The rotary control can access menus and parameter values by clockwise or anti-clockwise
rotation.

Crystal Vision Card edge operation
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.22 13 17/11/2010
3.4 Reading card edge LEDs
Card edge LEDs may be used in conjunction with status information from any connected
remote status panel display or from Statesman if available.
Refer also to the trouble shooting chapter for more help with solving problems and
monitoring status information.
The following table summarises the card edge LED functions and colours:
Name LED
Colour Function when ON Function when Off
HD Yellow Video input standard is HD
(High Definition) Input not present
SD Yellow Video input standard is SD
(Standard Definition)
PSU
OK Green Good power supply (PSU) rails. One or more of the monitor supplies is out of specification
Yellow No function at present
Green No function at present
3.5 Navigating card edge menus
To access the card edge menu system proceed as follows:
Press the up-arrow [] until a top menu category is reached
Rotate the SCROLL control until the desired menu category is found
Push ENTER to enter the sub menus of that category
Rotate SCROLL to select a sub menu
Push ENTER to select the desired function. Selection will be indicated by the
text being displayed in italic text
Rotate ADJUST to make the desired change to the selected parameter. The
display brightness will flash slowly to indicate that a change has been made and
requires confirmation
Push ENTER to action the change. The display will cease flashing
Use the up-arrow [] and SCROLL control to navigate to further menus
Note. The displayed menu brightness will flash slowly if confirmation of a change is required.

Crystal Vision Card edge operation
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.22 14 17/11/2010
3.6 Card edge configuration
The available menu structure will vary depending on the mode of use.
When Up-and-down-AAFD is used for format conversion the aspect ratio selection is
limited to four preset ratios. Up-and-down-AAFD can also be used as a Standard
Definition aspect ratio converter. In this mode the selection of preset ratios are expanded
and the addition of custom setting is available.
Format converter menu tree
Standard Definition aspect ratio converter menu tree
Tip To reach the top menu push the button repeatedly until a top menu is reached. Rotate the SCROLL
control anti-clockwise until the STATUS menu appears

Crystal Vision Card edge operation
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.22 15 17/11/2010
Card edge status
From the STATUS top menu press ENTER then SCROLL to access the status menu options.
Menu Comment
Valid video
input present
Rotate the Scroll/Adj. control to show input video status.
IP Present, IP Missing.
Input video line
rate
Rotate the Scroll/Adj. control to show input video standard.
525 i 59, 625 i 50, 720 p 59, 720 i 50, 1080 i 59, 1080 i 50, Invalid Ip
Input audio
groups present
Rotate the Scroll/Adj. control to show the embedded audio groups
present in the input video.
Software
version fitted
Rotate the Scroll/Adj. control to show version number of the software
currently fitted.
PCB serial
number
Rotate the Scroll/Adj. control to show the electronically stored PCB
serial number. This should correspond with the serial number label
affixed to the PCB connector.
Setting the output configuration (format converter mode)
From the CONTROL top menu press ENTER then SCROLL to access either the Output
standard, Aspect Ratio selection or Detail control.
Menu Comment
Output standard
Rotate Scroll/Adj. to show output standard. Press ENTER to select.
Rotate Scroll/Adj. to select output standard and press ENTER to
select. SD, 720p, 1080i
No conversion
Rotate Scroll/Adj. to show No conversion (anamorphic).
Press ENTER to select.
The input image will be mapped directly to the native aspect ratio of
the output format. Likely considerable distortion of image.
Full image
Full 4:3 source width compressed to central 75% of 16:9 monitor
width. Full source height mapped to monitor height. Vertical black
bands added to both sides, no picture loss. (4:3 Pillarbox)
Full 16:9 source width mapped to 4:3 monitor width. Full source
height compressed to 75% of monitor height. Horizontal black bands
added to top and bottom, no picture loss. (16:9 Letterbox)

Crystal Vision Card edge operation
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.22 16 17/11/2010
Compromise
Full 4:3 source width compressed to central 87.5% of 16:9 source
width. Central 87.5% of source height stretched to monitor height.
Vertical black bands added left and right. Minimal picture loss.
(14:9 Pillarbox)
Central 87.5% of 16:9 source width stretched to 4:3 monitor width.
Full source height compressed to 87.5% of monitor height.
Horizontal black bands added to top and bottom. Minimal picture
loss. (14:9 Letterbox)
Full screen
Full 4:3 source width mapped to 16:9 monitor width. Central 75% of
source height stretched to monitor height. Significant picture loss.
Central 75% of 16:9 source width stretched to 4:3 monitor width.
Full source height mapped to monitor height. Significant picture loss.
Detail
Rotate the Scroll/Adj. control to set the amount of detail
enhancement required. Press enter to action change. Adjustment 0-
50.
AFD insertion
enable
Rotate the Scroll/Adj. control to show SMPTE state selected. Press
ENTER and rotate Scroll/Adj. to select. Press ENTER to select.
SMPTE En, SMPTE Dis.
Auto enable
Rotate the Scroll/Adj. control to show AFD inserter status. Press
ENTER and rotate Scroll/adj. to select. Press ENTER to select.
Enable, Disable.
Entire image
aspect ratio
Rotate the Scroll/Adj. control to show selected image AR. Press
ENTER and rotate Scroll/Adj. to select. Press ENTER to select.
16x9, 4x3.
AFD code select
Rotate the Scroll/Adj. control to show AFD code selection. Press
ENTER and rotate Scroll/Adj. to select. Press ENTER to select.
0-15.
Note: For all selections the output line rate will be determined by the input line rate.
The aspect ratio and detail controls are not active in bypass mode. i.e. the input and
output format are the same.

Crystal Vision Card edge operation
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.22 17 17/11/2010
Setting the output configuration (aspect ratio converter mode)
From the CONTROL top menu press ENTER then SCROLL to access either the Output
standard, Aspect Ratio selection or Detail control.
Menu Comment
Output standard
Rotate Scroll/Adj. to show output standard. Press ENTER to select.
Rotate Scroll/Adj. to select output standard and press ENTER to
select standard. SD, 720p, 1080i
No conversion
Rotate Scroll/Adj. to show No conversion (anamorphic).
Press ENTER to select.
The input image will be mapped directly to the native aspect ratio of
the output format. Likely considerable distortion of image.
Full image 4:3
(Letterbox)
Full 16:9 source width mapped to 4:3 monitor width. Full source
height compressed to 75% of monitor height. Horizontal black bands
added to top and bottom, no picture loss.
Compromise 14:9
(Letterbox)
Central 87.5% of 16:9 source width stretched to 4:3 monitor width.
Full source height compressed to 87.5% of monitor height. Horizontal
black bands added top and bottom. Minimal picture loss.
Full screen 16:9
Full 4:3 source width mapped to 16:9 monitor width. Central 75% of
source height stretched to monitor height. No black bands required,
significant picture loss.
Full screen 4:3
Central 75% of 16:9 source width stretched to 4:3 monitor width. Full
source height mapped to monitor height. No black bands required,
significant picture loss.
Full image 16:9
(Pillarbox)
Full 4:3 source width compressed to central 75% of 16:9 monitor
width. Full source height mapped to monitor height. Vertical black
b
ands added to both sides, no
p
icture loss.
Compromise 14:9
(Pillarbox)
Full 4:3 source width compressed to central 87.5% of 16:9 monitor
width. Central 87.5% of source height stretched to monitor height.
Vertical black bands added to both sides, minimal picture loss.
User Specified
Conversion
When activated this menu allows the user to produce custom aspect
ratios using the position and size controls.
Detail Rotate the Scroll/Adj. control to set the amount of detail enhancement
required. Press enter to action change. Adjustment 0-50.
AFD insertion
enable
Rotate the Scroll/Adj. control to show SMPTE state selected. Press
ENTER and rotate Scroll/Adj. to select. Press ENTER to select.
SMPTE En, SMPTE Dis.
Auto enable Rotate the Scroll/Adj. control to show AFD inserter status. Press
ENTER and rotate Scroll/adj. to select. Press ENTER to select.
Enable, Disable.

Crystal Vision Card edge operation
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.22 18 17/11/2010
Entire image
aspect ratio
Rotate the Scroll/Adj. control to show selected image
AR. Press ENTER and rotate Scroll/Adj. to select. Press
ENTER to select.
AFD code select Rotate the Scroll/Adj. control to show AFD code
selection. Press ENTER and rotate Scroll/Adj. to select.
Press ENTER to select.
Note: For all selections the output line rate will be determined by the input line rate.
The detail controls are not active in bypass mode. i.e. the aspect ratio is set to No
conversion.
AFD controls
Up-and-down-AAFD has four AFD (Active Format Descriptor) controls which allow the
user to enable or disable the inserter, select the entire image aspect ratio (coded frame)
and the AFD code to be embedded. When the auto control is selected the AFD code
insertion will be determined by the aspect ratio selection.
The sixteen available codes are described in the following table.
AFD code Description
0 Undefined
1 Reserved
2 16:9 top
3 14:9 top
4 >16:9
5 Reserved
6 Reserved
7 Reserved
8 Full Frame (as coded frame)
9 4:3 image
10 16:9 image
11 14:9 image centred
12 Reserved for future use
13 4:3 with shoot and protect 14:9 centre
14 16:9 with shoot and protect 14:9 centre
15 16:9 with shoot and protect 4:3 centre
Note: When inserting SMPTE 2016 data the inserter will blank any incoming SMPTE 2016 data.

Crystal Vision Card edge operation
Up-and-down-AAFD User Manual R1.22 19 17/11/2010
Video gains and offsets (Gain)
From the GAIN top menu press ENTER then SCROLL to access the video gain and
offset controls.
Menu Comment
R Gain
Rotate SCROLL to show RGain and press ENTER to select.
Rotate [ADJ] shaft encoder to set the R amplitude (80% to 120%).
Example: RGain 100%
G Gain
Rotate SCROLL to show GGain and press ENTER to select.
Rotate [ADJ] shaft encoder to set the G amplitude (80% to 120%).
Example: GGain 100%
B Gain
Rotate SCROLL to show BGain and press ENTER to select.
Rotate [ADJ] shaft encoder to set the B amplitude (80% to 120%).
Example: BGain 100%
R Offset
Rotate SCROLL to show ROffst and press ENTER to select.
Rotate [ADJ] shaft encoder to set the R offset (0 20%).
Example: ROffst 0%
G Offset
Rotate SCROLL to show GOffst and press ENTER to select.
Rotate [ADJ] shaft encoder to set the G offset (0 20%).
Example: GOffst 0%
B Offset
Rotate SCROLL to show BOffst and press ENTER to select.
Rotate [ADJ] shaft encoder to set the B offset (0 20%).
Example: BOffst 0%
Picture Crop
From the CROP top menu press ENTER then SCROLL to access the picture crop options
along with the closed caption and wide screen signalling controls. These controls act to
crop the input video so their action will be affected by the aspect ratio selection. Up to 31
lines of vertical crop both top and bottom are available and up to 31 pixels horizontally
both left and right.
When an aspect ratio is selected which results in a vertical shortening of the picture any
NTSC closed caption information would become visible and any horizontal scaling would
corrupt this information. The closed caption control if selected will blank lines 20 and 21
of the input video to remove this information from the visible picture and reinsert the
information in lines 20-21 of the output video so preserving its integrity.
PAL wide screen signalling on line 23 may also be selected for blanking.
Note: The wide screen blanking control is only active when up-converting. In bypass mode
(SD-SD) the crop control will blank WSS data.