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Specificity
Differentformsof exerciseproducedifferentresults.Thetype ofexercisethatiscarriedoutis
specificbothtothe musclegroupsbeing used andtotheenergysourceinvolved.Thereislittle
transfer oftheeffectsofexercise,i.e.fromstrengthtrainingtocardiovascular fitness. Thatiswhy
itisimportant tohaveanexerciseprogramtailoredtoyour specificneeds.
Reversibility
If you stop exercisingordo not doyourprogramoftenenough,youwilllosethebenefitsyou have
gained. Regular workoutsare thekeytosuccess.
Warm Up
Everyexerciseprogramshouldstart withawarmupwherethe bodyisprepared fortheeffort
tocome.
It shouldbe gentleandpreferablyusethemusclestobe involvedlater.Stretching should
beincluded inbothyourwarmupand cooldown,andshouldbeperformed after3-5 minutesof
lowintensityaerobicactivityorcallisthenictypeexercise.
Warm DownorCoolDown
Thisinvolvesagradualdecreaseinthe intensityofthe exercisesession.Followingexercise, a
large supplyofbloodremainsinthe working muscles.If itisnot returnedpromptlytothe central
circulation, pooling ofblood mayoccur inthemuscles
HeartRate
Asyou exercise, sothe rateatwhichyour heartbeatalsoincreases.Thisisoftenused asa
measure oftherequired intensityofexercise.Youneedtoexercisehardenough tocondition
your circulatorysystem,andincreaseyourpulserate,butnotenough tostrainyourheart.
Yourinitialleveloffitnessisimportant indevelopinganexerciseprogramforyou.Ifyouare
startingoff, you canget agood training effectwithaheartrateof110-120beatsper minute(BPM).
If you arefitter,youwillneed ahigherthresholdofstimulation.
Tobeginwith, you shouldexerciseatalevelthatelevatesyourheartratetoabout 65 to70%of
your maximum.If youfind thisistooeasy,youmaywant toincreaseit, butitisbettertoleanon
the conservativeside.
Asaruleofthumb, themaximumheartrateis220minusyour age. Asyou increaseinage,so
your heart,likeothermuscles,losessomeof itsefficiency. Someofitsnaturalloss iswonback
asfitnessimproves. Thefollowing tableisaguidetothosewho are “startingfitness”.
Age2530 35404550556065
Targetheart Rate
10SecondCount2322 22212019191818
Beatsper Minute138132 132126120114114 108108
PulseCount
Thepulsecount(onyour wristorcarotidarteryinthe neck,taken withtwoindexfingers)isdone
for ten seconds,taken afewsecondsafteryoustopexercising. Thisisfor tworeasons: (a) 10
secondsislong enoughforaccuracy,(b)the pulsecountistoapproximateyourBPMrateat the
timeyou are exercising.Sinceheartrateslowsasyou recover,alongercountisntasaccurate.
Thetargetisnotamagicnumber,but ageneralguide.If you re aboveaveragefitness,youmay
workquitecomfortablyalittleabovethat suggestedfor yourage group.Thefollowing tableisa
guide tothosewho are keepingfit. Hereweare working at about80% ofmaximum.
Age253035 40455055 60 65
Targetheart Rate
10SecondCount262625 2423 2222 2120
Beatsper Minute156156150144138 132132126120