FCI PETROSENSE PHA-100Plus Setup guide

992041, Release 1.3
January 12, 2011
FCI E NVIRONMENTAL, I NC .
“The Technology Advantage”
PETROSENSE®
PHA-100Plus - Porta le Hydrocar on Analyzer
Training Guide
992041
Release 1.3
January 12, 2011
13111 N Central Expressway Suite 440, Dallas,TX 75243
[phone] Fax: [phone]

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January 12, 2011
CONGRAT LATIONS!
You have chosen the world’s most practical porta le hydrocar on analyzer,
the
PetroSense® (PHA-100Plus)
The technology and the hardware components incorporated into the
PetroSense® Analyzer have een successfully operating in the field for
years. If you have any questions, please feel free to call us.
Reminder: The PetroSense® Analyzer is a precise analytical instrument.
Although it is constructed for use in typical field conditions, the equipment
should e treated with reasona le care and regular maintenance to o tain
the est performance.
If you need assistance:
Call: [phone]
Hours: 9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. (Eastern Standard Time) –
Monday through Friday.
Ask for PetroSense® (PHA-100Plus) customer service.
To save time, have the serial num er of the analyzer unit,
the pro e, and your student ID num er (received at training).
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
Mail: FCI Environmental, Inc.
13111 N. Central Expressway, Suite 440
Dallas, TX 75243
Thank You!

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Subject Page
MOD LE 1 - INTROD CTION
Technical Overview@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 1
First Things First @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 3
Basic Operation / Software@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 5
Preconditioning..@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@. 8
Question & Answer@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@. 10
MOD LE 2 - VAPOR CALIBRATION
Vapor Cali ration@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 11
Method 1 - Standard Gas Method@@@@@@@@@@@ 12
Method 2 - Liquid-Volume Method@@@@@@@@@@.. 13
Verification@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.. 14
After Cali ration and Verification@@@@@@@@@@@.. 14
Question & Answer@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@. 15
MOD LE 3 - WATER CALIBRATION
Water Cali ration.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 16
1-Point Cali ration@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 17
2-Point Cali ration@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 18
Verification@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 19
Pro e Storage After Water Cali ration & Verification@@.@ 19
Question & Answer@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@. 20
MOD LE 4 - MEAS REMENTS
Water Measurements@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@. 21
Vapor Measurements@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@. 25
Soil Measurements@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@. 27
Field/Well Measurements@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.. 28
Data Quality Levels – QA/QC Procedures@@@@@@@.. 28
Data Functions@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@. 29
Question & Answer@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@. 33

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Subject Page
MOD LE 5 - MAINTANENCE
Cleaning@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 34
Equipment Maintenance@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@. 35
Do’s & Don’ts@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 36
Question & Answer@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@. 39
MOD LE 6 – S MMARY & REVIEW
Notes@@@@@@@@..@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 40
Limited Warranty@@@..@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 41
Customer Service@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@. 42
MOD LE 7 - EVAL ATION
Classroom Evaluation@..@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 43
MSDS Cleaning Solution@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.@ 46
MSDS p-Xylene Solution@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.@ 49

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TECHNICAL OVERVIEW
The PetroSense

Porta le Hydrocar on Analyzer consists of a
microcomputer- ased, porta le, direct, in-situ reading instrument and a
hydrocar on sensing pro e (the AHP-100) that uses the FCI Environmental,
Inc. patented Fi er Optic Chemical Sensor (FOCS®) technology. The pro e
is sensitive to hydrocar ons containing at least 6 car ons and is especially
sensitive to aromatic hydrocar ons. This sensitivity makes the PHA-
100Plus ideal for detecting a variety of petroleum hydrocar on products
such as:
• Unleaded gasoline
• Diesel
• Jet fuels
• Aromatic solvents
• Crude oil
The PHA-100Plus provides the user with the unique a ility to quantifia ly
detect hydrocar ons in vapor, water, at the interface, and in soil.
The hydrocar on sensing pro e employs an optical fi er coated with a
chemical that has an affinity for hydrocar ons. The sensor operates on the
principle that the index of refraction of the optical fi er chemical coating
changes in direct proportion to the concentration of hydrocar ons in air or
water. As hydrocar ons partition into the chemical coating, the change in
the effective index of refraction can e determined y measuring the amount
of light transmitted through the optical fi er. The response depends on the
total num er and type of hydrocar ons present.
A schematic of FOCS® operating principle is shown elow.
LED
Fiber
Optical Coating
Reference
Detector
Sense
Detector
Light Eminating from Fiber
No Hydrocarbons Present
LED Sense
Detector
Optical
Fiber
Coating
More Light Eminating from Fiber
in the Presence of Hydrocarbons
Reference
Detector

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FOCS® Operating Principle
PetroSense®
PHA-100Plus Portable Hydrocarbon Analyzer
Process Sequence
1. Raw signal (measures light intensity) →
2. Software converts raw data into a relative ppm measurement →
3. The cali ration process converts the relative ppm measurement to a ppm
measurement ased on a known standard.
The AHP-100 pro e is only sensitive to hydrocar ons containing 6 or more
car ons, hence it has no response to naturally occurring methane (CH
4
) or
hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S); and is more sensitive to higher molecular weight
components making it particularly effective in detecting the heavier
petroleum lends (i.e., diesel). The sensor response is reversi le and
maintains an equili rium with its surrounding environment.
The PHA-100Plus is normally cali rated to the aromatic hydrocar on p-
xylene. A quantitative measurement in parts per million (ppm) is o tained
and is displayed in terms of p-xylene equivalents. These measurements can
e converted to actual levels of other hydrocar ons in the sample y
multiplying them with the Relative Response Factor (RRF) for the
hydrocar on that is expected to e present in the sample. This is similar to
using a PID or FID that has een cali rated using iso utylene. The readings
have to e multiplied y the RRF to o tain the concentration of the analyte.
It is also possi le to cali rate the instrument to a specific analyte or gas
lend instead of p-xylene.

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FIRST THINGS FIRST
The PHA-100Plus is shipped as a self contained system in a dura le, water
resistant carrying case. Unpack the kit and familiarize yourself with the
contents. A complete packing list may e found elow and in the Users’
Reference Manual, Appendix A.
1 ea PHA-100Plus Instrument Carrying Case
1 ea PetroSense® PHA-100Plus Porta le Analyzer
1 ea PHA-100Plus Pro e with Humidity Tu e
1 ea PHA-100Plus Power/Data Interface Kit
1 ea 0-ppm Cali ration Tu e
2 ea C1 Cali ration Tu e
2 ea C2 Cali ration Tu e
1 ea Wash Bottle (250 mL)
1 ea Aerosol Spray Bottle (Spritzer Bottle)
1 ea Plastic Beaker (400 mL)
1 ea Humidity Tu e, Spare
1 ea Pro e Identification Card
1 ea Operating Instructions
Items Shipped Separately
Pre-mixed C1 Standards (25 ppm)
Pre-mixed C2 Standards (50 ppm)
Training Guide
Turn your PHA-100Plus ON to verify that the unit is working properly.
The PHA-100Plus may need to e charged when you first receive your unit.
This condition will e indicated y a eep and a low attery message in the
display.

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To charge the PHA-100Plus
• Remove the interface adapter from the kit.
• Open the cap covering the socket on the ack of the meter.
• Line up the red dots on the connector with the socket and insert
the connector until it latches.
• Plug the charger unit into an AC outlet and attach it to the
interface ca le.
• Twelve to fourteen hours are needed to charge the PHA-100Plus.
The unit may e run on AC power during cali ration or setup.
To prevent “Battery Memory,” fully discharge the PHA-100Plus once a
month before recharging the battery. To discharge the attery, turn ON
the acklight, and leave the PHA-100Plus ON until the display turns OFF.
The attery of an automo ile can also charge the PHA-100Plus. The kit
includes an adapter that plugs into a car’s cigarette lighter. This plugs into
the interface adapter.
As a rule of thum , the operating time of the attery will e approximately
the same as the amount of time which the instrument was charged, provided
the acklighting option on the display is not selected.

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BASIC OPERATION/SOFTWARE
The PHA-100Plus is menu driven. The sequence of menus and commands
are viewed in the display window. The instrument is turned ON y a single
depression of the ON/OFF utton. Power can e turned OFF at any time y
pressing the utton.
Always return to the Main Menu before turning the power off. Returning
to the Main Menu avoids incomplete processing. If processing is
incomplete, any new cali ration values may e lost, and the machine returns
to the previous values.
Turn the PHA-100Plus ON. The software opens the Main Menu. The lower
half of the LCD display shows the user which function utton to push in
order to access different su -menus of the PHA-100Plus software.
From the
Main Menu
you can go to
the
• MEASurement Menu <F1>,
• CALi ration Menu <F2>,
• TILities Menu <F3>, or the
• ID Menu <F4>.
MAIN MENU
MEAS CAL UTIL ID
The Measurement Menu
MEASURE MENU
ZERO SNGL CONT MAIN
The user makes all PHA-100Plus measurements in the Measurement Menu
<F1>. This includes zeroing, single point measurements, and continuous
measurements. Single point measurements are timed measurements and
are the most accurate. Continuous measurements work est for sta le
environments ( oth temperature and humidity), screening, or for quick
estimations of concentration.
F1 F2 F3 F4
F1 F2 F3 F4

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The Calibration Menu
CALIBRATION MENU
WAT VAP CHECK MAIN
In the Cali ration Menu <F2>, the user can cali rate in water or vapor, or
review the current cali ration parameters and constants.
The tilities Menu
UTILITIES 1
LOGS DATE TIME NEXT
The Utilities Menu <F3> is where logged data, printing functions, acklight
control, averaging, daylight compensation and other accessories for the
PHA-100Plus are located.
The ID Menu
SITE
EDIT PROBE
The ID Menu <F4> is where the site identification and all permanent pro e
parameters are stored. The permanent pro e parameters are
preprogrammed into the unit and are not to e changed y the operator.
F1 F2 F3 F4
F1 F2 F3 F4
F1 F2 F3 F4

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PetroSense® PHA-100Plus
Operating Process Definitions
PROCESS
DESCRIPTION
WHY? / VAL E
Pre-Conditioning The process that prepares
the optical fi er chemical
coating for use.
Similar to dampening a dry
sponge efore using it to
a sor a spill, the chemical
coating on the optical fi er
must e dampened with
hydrocar ons to make the
coating more
responsive/effective in
adsor ing and desor ing
hydrocar on molecules.
To ensure an accurate
quantitative response over a
wide range of sample
concentrations. This step in
the FOCS® operating
procedure is similar to
several other technologies
which require pre-sampling
exposure to the detection
target chemical.
Cali ration Adjusts the instrument to
convert relative ppm
readings to a solute ppm
readings of a known
standard.
Accuracy
Verification Checks and confirms the
cali ration process
Accuracy
Zeroing Adjusts the raw/inactive
output measurement to zero
in the a sence of
hydrocar ons.
(5 minute process)
Accuracy
Quick Zeroing A shorter process to zero a
sta le pro e.
(Less than 10 seconds)
Accuracy

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PRECONDITIONING
The operation of the PetroSense

pro e is ased on the adsorption-
desorption of petroleum hydrocar ons y the optical fi er chemical coating.
To achieve the maximum sta ility and sensitivity for the pro e, the surface
needs to e preconditioned.
Preconditioning consists of placing the pro e in a hydrocar on environment
at least as high as the levels expected during measurements.
Preconditioning is not necessary for basic screening measurements.
To precondition
• Place the pro e in the C2 tu e from the kit,
• Open a 50 ppm pre-mixed p-xylene standard vial and pour it into
the C2 tu e with the pro e.
To open a Pre-Mixed Standard
• Place a wrapped towel over the top of the standard.
• Firmly press to reak off the top of the standard vial.
• Place a straw into the opening and pour the standard out into a
cali ration tu e.
• Gently move the pro e up and down to remove any air u les
trapped in the window and wait 15 minutes.
• After the 15 minutes, rinse the pro e thoroughly using one wash
ottle full of zero water.
• Gently shake the excess water from the pro e and towel dry the
housing.
• Place the pro e in the zero ppm tu e and fill with zero water.
Note: Do not touch the fiber optic sensor! Only the housing
should be towel dried. Never touch the fiber optic sensor.
• The disposal limit is a maximum of 100 ppm p-xylene to e
discharged directly into a pu lic drain in most areas. Check your
local regulations on how to properly discard the preconditioning
solution and all standards.

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Preconditioning should be performed whenever:
1) The probe is being used for the first time.
2) The probe has been out of a 90+% humidity environment for
more than 24 hours.
3) The probe has not been exposed to hydrocarbons for more than
72 hours.
4) Before the probe is calibrated.
5) The probe has been treated with cleaner.
END OF INTRODUCTION

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Questions and Answer Section:
1) What is the acronym FOCS



?
__________________________________________________
2) Which naturally occurring gases is the hydrocarbon probe
insensitive to?
__________________________________________________
3) Which aromatic hydrocarbon is normally used to calibrate
the PHA-100Plus?
__________________________________________________
4) How many hours are needed to charge the PHA-100Plus?
__________________________________________________
5) When does the PHA-100Plus need to be preconditioned?
__________________________________________________
6) For basic screening measurements, does the instrument
need to be preconditioned?
__________________________________________________
7) For preconditioning, what concentrations of hydrocarbons
must the probe be placed in?
__________________________________________________
8) Why do you gently agitate the probe?
__________________________________________________
9) Which part of the probe should you NOT touch?
__________________________________________________
10) What size hydrocarbons are the PHA-100Plus sensitive to?
__________________________________________________
END OF UESTIONS

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VAPOR CALIBRATION
The PHA-100Plus can e cali rated in either water or vapor. Water
cali ration is the primary form of cali ration, and prepares the instrument for
oth water and vapor use. If you are only sampling vapor, the vapor
cali ration is recommended. Vapor cali ration does not change any of the
previous constants from the water cali ration. The vapor cali ration is
simple and straight forward: once the operator is familiar with the process, it
can e performed as fast as water cali ration. Vapor cali ration has 2
accepted methods as descri ed elow.
Vapor cali ration uses a one-point cali ration. It is recommended that the
user cali rate to the concentration levels expected to e found while
sampling in the field. Make sure the fi er does not dry out during the
procedure; and if possi le, cali rate in the humidity level that is expected to
e found in the field. The humidity will not affect the cali ration, ut it will
affect the zero point in the pro e. In most well applications, the humidity is
expected to e etween 95 and 100%.
There are two accepted methods for vapor cali ration. The first is to use a
certified standard gas from a local gas supplier. This is the most accurate
method and is preferred, ut it requires using a response factor. The
second is to inject a known volume of liquid hydrocar on (gasoline, diesel,
p-xylene, etc.) into a known volume of air and calculate the concentration
of the resulting vapor mixture.

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Method 1 - STANDARD GAS METHOD
Uses the 8 L Tedlar® gas ag which includes the necessary fittings: an
on/off valve, a septum port and the appropriate fitting which accepts the
PHA-100Plus pro e.
• Place the pro e through the pro e fitting far enough so the
window of the pro e is at least 4 inches into the ag.
• Turn the on/off valve to the ON position and flow at least 2 liters (2
L) of zero air or nitrogen into the ag.
• Stop the flow and turn the on/off valve to OFF.
• Select from the Main Menu, the Cali ration Menu <F2>, the VAP
<F2> for vapor cali ration.
• The PHA-100Plus counts down from 300 to zero (5 minutes).
• After the 5-minute zero, the instrument will prompt the user to
enter the value for C1v. Using the key pad, enter the
concentration found on the side of the gas ottle into the PHA-
100Plus.
• Remove the septum from the Tedlar® ag, turn the on/off valve to
the ON position and flow at least 3 volumes (5 volumes preferred)
of cali ration gas into the ag, allowing the air or nitrogen to
escape via the septum port.
• The exchange of cali ration gas can e improved if the air or
nitrogen is expelled from the ag prior to introducing the cali rated
gas. This can e done y opening the valves as descri ed a ove
and then gently flattening the ag.
• Fill the ag with cali rated gas y replacing the septum again.
Make sure that at least 1 liter (1L) of gas remains in the ag, then
turn the on/off valve to the OFF position and press <F3> on the
PHA-100Plus to START the count down of 300 seconds.
• After the 5-minute count down, the user is prompted to clean the
pro e y putting it ack into 0 ppm gas.
• Exchange the cali ration gas for zero air using the same
procedure as descri ed a ove. Use at least 3 volumes and
prefera ly 5 volumes of zero air or nitrogen to exchange the gas.
• Press <F3> to re-zero and complete the cali ration process.

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Method 2-LIQ ID-VOL ME METHOD
If certified gas is not availa le, a vapor standard can e made in the ag y
injecting a know amount of liquid hydrocar on (e.g., pure p-xylene) into a
known volume of zero air into the ag. To calculate the amount of liquid
injected into the ag for the liquid-volume method, use the following
equation:
V
s
= (C
ppm
x MW x V
air
)/(ρ
ρρ
ρ x 22400)
Where:
V
s
= The volume of the cali ration material to e added in microliters.
C
ppm
= The desired concentration in the ag in ppm.
MW = The molecular weight of the cali ration standard.
V
air
= The volume of air in the Tedlar® ag in liters.
ρ = The density of the analyte in grams per milliliter.
Using the 8 L Tedlar® gas ag with the necessary fittings, including an
on/off valve, a septum port and the appropriate fitting which accepts the
PHA-100Plus pro e.
• Place the pro e through the pro e fitting far enough so the
window of the pro e is at least 4 inches into the ag.
• Turn the on/off valve to the ON position and flow at least 1 liter (1
L) of zero air or nitrogen into the ag.
• Stop the flow and turn the on/off valve to OFF.
• Select from the Main Menu, the Cali ration Menu <F2>, the VAP
<F2> for vapor cali ration.
• The PHA-100Plus counts down from 300 to zero (5 minutes).
• After the 5-minute zero, the instrument will prompt the user to
enter the value for C1v. Note: C1v = C
ppm
Using the key pad,
enter the C1v.
• Fill the Tedlar
®
ag with the appropriate amount of air ( ased on
the V
air
in the a ove equation).
• Inject the calculated amount of cali ration material (v
s
). Be careful
not to inject the liquid directly onto the pro e.
• Massage the ag until the liquid is evaporated and well-mixed.
• Press <F3> on the PHA-100Plus to START the count down of
300 seconds.

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• After the 5-minute count down, the user is prompted to clean the
pro e y putting it ack into 0 ppm gas.
• Exchange the cali ration gas for zero air using the same
procedure as descri ed a ove. Use at least 3 volumes and
prefera ly 5 volumes of zero air or nitrogen to exchange the gas.
• Press <F3> to re-zero and complete the cali ration process.
VERIFICATION
Verification of the PHA-100Plus is to ensure that the cali ration constants
are still valid. To verify the PHA-100Plus,
• Place the pro e in zero air.
• Repeat steps in the cali ration using the Measurement Menu
instead of the Cali ration Menu.
• Then y using the 5-minute Zero <F1> and then <F2> Single
Point Measurement for the standard gas or made cali ration gas,
measure the standard.
• The results should e within ±20% of the cali ration gas. If the
reading is off y more than 20%, it is necessary to recali rate ut
not precondition the pro e.
AFTER CALIBRATION & VERIFICATION
It is important to store the probe in the humidity tube with a few drops
of water on the sponge to ensure that calibration is maintained. If the
probe dries out, it is necessary to precondition and recalibrate the
PHA-100Plus.

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Q ESTION & ANSWER
1) Which two types of vapor calibration can be used on the PHA-
100Plus?
_________________________________________________
2) Which calibration calibrates the instrument for water and vapor?
_________________________________________________
3) How many points are used in a vapor calibration?
_________________________________________________
4) How many methods are there for a vapor calibration and what
are they?
_________________________________________________
5) What is used to contain the calibration gas for vapor
calibration?
_________________________________________________
6) Why is it important to verify the PHA-100Plus?
_________________________________________________
7) What is the accepted error in verification of the PHA-100Plus in
water? ________________
in vapor? ________________
8) If the vapor verification is off by more than the specified amount,
is it necessary to precondition or to recalibrate the probe?
_________________________________________________
9) After vapor calibration and verification, where must the probe be
stored?
___________________________________________________
10) How many volumes of gas should be exchanged when using the
gas bag?
____________________________________________________
END OF Q ESTIONS

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WATER
CALIBRATION
The PHA-100Plus is cali rated at the factory for oth water and vapor. This
cali ration provides a good correlation etween the reading on the meter
and the hydrocar on levels found in field measurements. The PHA-100Plus
can e used to effectively screen samples anywhere from 0 to 100 ppm of p-
xylene equivalent in the field. For est accuracy the PHA-100Plus should e
recali rated when first received. Pre-mixed standards are included with your
unit. These standards are 25 and 50 ppm of p-xylene in water.
• A 1-point cali ration is faster and for most applications, is sufficient.
• A 2-point cali ration should e used if the sample concentrations are
expected to exceed 35 ppm in the water phase or when you expect to
measure samples with varying high and low concentrations. A 2-part
cali ration under these conditions is more accurate.
It is also important to note that when a water cali ration is performed, the
PHA-100Plus automatically adjusts the vapor cali ration appropriately.
However, it is still recommended that the user perform a vapor cali ration for
est accuracy if vapor measurements are planned.
Cali ration of the PHA-100Plus should last at least one week or more ut it
is good technique to verify the instrument everyday. It is important to
cali rate in the environment you plan to measure in (i.e., water cali ration for
water measurements and vapor cali ration for vapor measurements).
NOTE: Due to the volatility of p-xylene in water, once a pre-mixed
standard has been opened, it must be used immediately and it can
only be used for one verification or calibration.