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2.2.2 Site Selection
In most applications, Jinko solar PV modules should be installed in a location where they will receive
maximum sunlight throughout the year. In the Northern Hemisphere, the module should typically face south,
and in the Southern Hemisphere, the modules should typically face north. Modules facing 30 degrees away
from true South (or North) will lose approximately10 to 15 percent of their power output. If the module faces
60 degrees away from true South (or North), the power loss will be 20 to 30 percent.
When choosing a site, avoid trees, buildings or obstructions, which could cast shadows on the solar
photovoltaic modules especially during the winter months when the arc of the sun is lowest over the horizon.
Shading causes loss of output, even though the factory fitted bypass diodes of the PV module will minimize
any such loss.
Do not install the PV module near open flame or flammable materials.
When solar modules are used to charge batteries, the battery must be installed in a manner, which will protect
the performance of the system and the safety of its users. Follow the battery manufacturer’s guidelines
concerning installation, operation and maintenance recommendations. Ingeneral, the battery (or battery bank)
should be away from the main flow of people and animal traffic. Select a battery site that is protected from
sunlight, rain, snow, debris, and is well ventilated. Most batteries generate hydrogen gas when charging,
which can be explosive. Do not light matches or create sparks near the battery bank. When a battery is
installed outdoors, it should be placed in an insulated and ventilated battery case specifically designed for the
purpose.
Do not install the PV module in a location where it would be immersed in water or continually exposed to
water from a sprinkler or fountain etc.
2.2.3 Tilt Angle Selection
The tilt angle of the PV module is measured between the surface of the PV module and a horizontal ground
surface (Figure 1). The PV module generates maximum output power when it faces the sun directly.
For standalone systems with batteries where the PV modules are attached to a permanent structure, the tilt
angle of the PV modules should be selected to optimize
the performance based on seasonal load and sunlight. In
general, if the PV output is adequate when irradiance is
low (e.g., winter), then the angle chosen should be
adequate during the rest of the year. For grid-connected
installations where the PV modules are attached to a
permanent structure, PV modules should be tiltedso that
the energy production from the PV modules will be
maximized on an annual basis. Figure1: PV module tilt angle
2.3 Mechanical Installation Introduction
Solar PV modules usually can be mounted by using the following methods: bolts and clamps.