LI-COR LI-8100A User manual

Automated Soil
CO2Flux System
& LI-8150 Multiplexer
Instruction Manual
Power
Active
Chamber
V3V2
V4
SystemFailure
Active
Solenoid
ActivateAll Chambers
ON/OFF
Automated Soil
CO
2
Flux System
ON/OFF
POWER
IRGA READY
ACTIVE
LOWBATTERY
READY
ON/OFF
ON/OFF
A
A

LI-8100A
AutomatedSoilCO2FluxSystem
&LI-8150Multiplexer
InstructionManual
®

ii
NOTICE
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
LI-COR MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. LI-COR shall not be liable for errors
contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the
furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
This document contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. All rights
are reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to
another language without prior written consent of LI-COR, Inc.
© Copyright 2010, LI-COR, Inc.
Publication Number 984-11123
Printing History: 1st Printing May, 2010
2nd Printing July, 2012
Printing History
New editions of this manual will incorporate all material since the previous editions.
Update packages may be used between editions which contain replacement and additional
pages to be merged into the manual by the user.
The manual printing date indicates its current edition. The printing date changes when a
new edition is printed. (Minor corrections and updates which are incorporated at reprint do
not cause the date to change).
The LI-8100A is covered by U.S. Patent #7,509,836; 7,568,374; 7,748,253; 7,856,899,
China Patent #ZL200580042074.0 and other foreign equivalents.
Microsoft®and Windows®are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Eurofast®is a
registered trademark of Turck Inc. Apple®, iPod®, iPod Touch®, and iTunes®are registered
trademarks of Apple, Inc. All other trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of
their respective owners.
LI-COR, Inc. • 4647 Superior Street • Lincoln, Nebraska 68504
Phone: [phone] • FAX: [phone]
Toll-free: 1-800-447-3576 (U.S. & Canada)
[e-mail] • [e-mail]
www.licor.com

iii
The product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary for you to refer to the manual or accompanying
documents in order to protect against damage to the product.
Warnings must be followed carefully to avoid bodily injury.WARNING
CAUTION Cautions must be observed to avoid damage to your equipment.
The
The product is marked with this symbol when a crush hazard is present.
product is marked with this symbol when a hazardous voltage may be present.
The product is marked with this symbol for a Chassis Ground connection.
Equipment markings:
Manual markings:
Warnings must be followed carefully to avoid bodily injury.WARNING
CAUTION Cautions must be observed to avoid damage to your equipment.
LI-COR products have been designed to be safe when operated in the manner described in this manual. The safety of
this product can not be guaranteed if the product is used in any other way than is specified in this manual.
NOTE Notes contain important information and useful tips on the operation of your equipment.
Note on Safety
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio fequency energy and,
if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may
cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this
equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in
which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own
expense.

iv
LI-COR, inc.
Phone: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
Toll-free: 1-800-447-3576 (U.S. & Canada)
E-mail: [email protected]
Declaration of Conformity
Manufacturer’s Address: 4647 Superior Street
Lincoln, Nebraska USA 68504
declares that the product
Product Name: Automated Soil CO
2
Flux System
Model Number(s): LI-8100, LI-8100A
Product Options: Survey Chamber, Long-Term Chamber
conforms to the following Product Specifications:
FCC CFR Part 15.109 Radiated Emissions, Class A
IEC 61326 : 1997/A2:2001 Radiated Emissions, Class A
IEC 61000-4-2 : 1995/A2:2000: ESD, 4KV/8KV Contact/Air
IEC 61000-4-3 : 1995/A2:2000: Radiated RF Immunity, 3V/m
Supplementary Information:
The product herewith complies with the requirements of the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC.
John Rada
Engineering Manager
Document #53-07671
®
Manufacturer's Name: LI-COR Inc.
December 1, 2009
4647 Superior Street
P.O. Box 4425
Lincoln, NE 68504

v
Table of Contents
Section 1. Getting Started
What is the LI-8100A? ....................................................................................................................... 1-1
What's What ...................................................................................................................................... 1-1
Analyzer Control Unit ................................................................................................................. 1-2
Auxiliary Sensor Interface............................................................................................................ 1-2
RS-232 Cable ............................................................................................................................... 1-2
Ethernet Cable.............................................................................................................................. 1-3
Ethernet Card ............................................................................................................................... 1-3
Compact Flash Memory Card...................................................................................................... 1-3
Shoulder Strap Kit ........................................................................................................................ 1-3
Software CD................................................................................................................................. 1-4
8100-104 Long-Term Chamber................................................................................................... 1-4
8100-104C Long-Term Chamber ................................................................................................ 1-4
8100-102 10 cm Survey Chamber.............................................................................................. 1-4
8100-103 20 cm Survey Chamber.............................................................................................. 1-4
Spare Parts Kit .............................................................................................................................. 1-5
Calibration Sheet ......................................................................................................................... 1-7
Optional Accessories.......................................................................................................................... 1-7
6400-03 Rechargeable Battery.................................................................................................... 1-7
LI-6020 Battery Charger .............................................................................................................. 1-8
Soil Temperature Probes.............................................................................................................. 1-8
Soil Moisture Probes .................................................................................................................... 1-8
8100-104 and 8100-104C Upgrade Kits..................................................................................... 1-9
Wireless Communications Package ............................................................................................ 1-9
8100-405 CO2Mapping Kit ........................................................................................................ 1-9
Section 2. Initial Setup
Cable Connections ............................................................................................................................ 2-1
The Analyzer Control Unit................................................................................................................. 2-3
Using Batteries ............................................................................................................................. 2-3
Using PCMCIA (PC) Adapter Cards............................................................................................. 2-3
About LI-8100A Data Records and Storage Options .................................................................. 2-4
Using a Wireless Card ................................................................................................................. 2-5
Air Filters...................................................................................................................................... 2-5
Power On............................................................................................................................................ 2-6
Automatic Restart Function ......................................................................................................... 2-7
Using the Auxiliary Sensor Interface.................................................................................................. 2-9

vi
Auxiliary Sensor Interface Terminals ........................................................................................ 2-10
Connecting Sensors to the Auxiliary Sensor Interface.............................................................. 2-12
Connecting Soil Moisture/Temperature Probes to the Auxiliary Sensor Interface ................... 2-15
Important Note on Wire Insertion............................................................................................. 2-18
Using Soil Collars............................................................................................................................. 2-18
Construction of Soil Collars ...................................................................................................... 2-18
Installing and Using Soil Collars ............................................................................................... 2-19
Insertion Depth.......................................................................................................................... 2-19
Measuring the Chamber Offset ................................................................................................. 2-20
Placement of Soil Temperature and Moisture Probes ..................................................................... 2-21
References ........................................................................................................................................ 2-22
Section 3. Measurement Quick Start
About LI-8100A Data Files ................................................................................................................ 3-7
Section 4. Theory of Operation
Measuring Carbon Dioxide Flux from the Soil.................................................................................. 4-1
Deriving the Flux Equation: The Model ............................................................................................ 4-2
Calculating the Flux from Measured Data......................................................................................... 4-5
Relationship Between the Model Equation (4-10) and Empirical Equation (4-13) ........................... 4-8
Correcting for Initial CO2Concentrations That Differ Between Measurements............................... 4-8
Evaluation of Other Methods for Computing Soil CO2Efflux........................................................... 4-8
Effects of High Chamber CO2Concentrations .................................................................................. 4-9
Using the 8100-104C for Net Carbon Exchange (NCE) .................................................................... 4-11
Shading Effects............................................................................................................................. 4-14
Measuring PAR with the 8100-104C .......................................................................................... 4-15
References .......................................................................................................................................... 4-16
Section 5. User Calibration
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5-1
CO2and H2O Gas Standards ............................................................................................................ 5-2
CO2and H2O Zero ..................................................................................................................... 5-2
CO2Span(s) ................................................................................................................................. 5-2
H2O Span .................................................................................................................................... 5-3
Setting Zero: CO2and H2O............................................................................................................... 5-3
Using a Calibrated Tank of Zero Gas ......................................................................................... 5-3
Using Chemical Scrubbers.......................................................................................................... 5-4
Setting the Span: CO2........................................................................................................................ 5-4

vii
Setting the Span: H2O ........................................................................................................................ 5-5
Two Point Span (Span 2 Tab) ............................................................................................................. 5-6
Considerations for Performing a Secondary Span....................................................................... 5-6
Section 6. Using the 10 and 20 cm Survey Chambers
General Description ........................................................................................................................... 6-1
The Measurement Flow Path....................................................................................................... 6-4
The Bellows Flow Path ................................................................................................................ 6-4
Connecting the Chamber to the Analyzer Control Unit.................................................................... 6-5
Making Measurements ....................................................................................................................... 6-6
Software Setup Using the LI-8100A Windows Application Software......................................... 6-7
Software Setup Using the LI-8100A Apple iOS Software ......................................................... 6-15
Section 7. Using the Long-Term Chambers
General Description ........................................................................................................................... 7-1
Changing the 8100-104/C Chamber Open Position................................................................... 7-3
Using Auxiliary Sensors with the 8100-104/C............................................................................ 7-4
The Measurement Flow Path....................................................................................................... 7-4
Connecting the Long-Term Chambers to the Analyzer Control Unit or Multiplexer........................ 7-5
8100-104/C Long-Term Chambers.............................................................................................. 7-5
Making Measurements ....................................................................................................................... 7-6
Software Setup Using the LI-8100A Windows Application Software......................................... 7-6
Software Setup Using the LI-8100A Apple iOS Software ...........................................................7-13
Section 8. Windows Software Reference (Single Chamber Mode)
Installing the PC Communications Software on Your Computer ..................................................... 8-1
Operation - Using the LI-8100A Software ......................................................................................... 8-1
Connecting................................................................................................................................... 8-2
Using the Toolbar ....................................................................................................................... 8-3
Communication Menu ....................................................................................................................... 8-4
Connect........................................................................................................................................ 8-4
Disconnect................................................................................................................................... 8-4
Setup Menu......................................................................................................................................... 8-4
Chamber Measurement ............................................................................................................... 8-4
Port Setup:Chamber..................................................................................................................... 8-5
Port Setup:Observation................................................................................................................ 8-7
Port Setup:Data Logging ............................................................................................................ 8-10
Port Setup:V1 (V2, V3, V4)........................................................................................................ 8-11
Repeat ........................................................................................................................................ 8-12

viii
Thermocouples.......................................................................................................................... 8-13
Presets........................................................................................................................................ 8-14
Continous Measurement ........................................................................................................... 8-15
Collecting Continuous CO2 Concentration Data..................................................................... 8-16
Adding Annotations................................................................................................................... 8-17
Start Measurement..................................................................................................................... 8-18
View Menu ....................................................................................................................................... 8-19
Instrument Status ....................................................................................................................... 8-19
Error Log .................................................................................................................................... 8-20
Summary Records...................................................................................................................... 8-20
Reports....................................................................................................................................... 8-21
Utilities Menu................................................................................................................................... 8-27
File Manager.............................................................................................................................. 8-27
Manual Controls........................................................................................................................ 8-28
Calibration ................................................................................................................................. 8-30
Charting ..................................................................................................................................... 8-32
PC Data Logging........................................................................................................................ 8-33
XML Monitor ............................................................................................................................. 8-35
8100 Menu....................................................................................................................................... 8-36
Instrument Settings .................................................................................................................... 8-36
Networking................................................................................................................................ 8-37
Date and Time ........................................................................................................................... 8-41
Outputs ...................................................................................................................................... 8-42
Help Menu ....................................................................................................................................... 8-43
Help ........................................................................................................................................... 8-43
About ......................................................................................................................................... 8-43
Section 9. Apple iOS Software Reference (Single-Chamber Mode)
About Wireless Communication ....................................................................................................... 9-1
Wireless Network Cards for the LI-8100A......................................................................................... 9-1
Handheld Requirements for Wireless or Serial Communication...................................................... 9-1
Handheld Software Requirements .............................................................................................. 9-2
Accessing On-line Help .............................................................................................................. 9-2
The Setup Menu ................................................................................................................................. 9-3
Measurement Presets................................................................................................................... 9-3
Measurement Protocol ................................................................................................................ 9-4
Area and Volumes ..................................................................................................................... 9-12
Start Measurement..................................................................................................................... 9-15
The View Menu................................................................................................................................ 9-19
Instrument Status ....................................................................................................................... 9-19
Monitor Page ............................................................................................................................. 9-19

ix
Summary Page ........................................................................................................................... 9-20
The Utilities Menu............................................................................................................................ 9-21
Manual Controls ........................................................................................................................ 9-24
Calibration ................................................................................................................................. 9-25
The 8100 Menu ................................................................................................................................ 9-27
Instrument Settings..................................................................................................................... 9-27
Auxiliary Inputs.......................................................................................................................... 9-29
Outputs ...................................................................................................................................... 9-30
The Help Menu ................................................................................................................................ 9-34
Indicators ................................................................................................................................... 9-34
About LI-8100A ......................................................................................................................... 9-35
Section 10. Using the LI-8150 Multiplexer
About the LI-8150 ..............................................................................................................................10-1
What’s What .......................................................................................................................................10-2
Cable/Hose Assembly..................................................................................................................10-2
Spare Parts Kit ..............................................................................................................................10-2
Optional Accessories..........................................................................................................................10-2
DC Power Cable ..........................................................................................................................10-2
8150-770 AC Power Supply........................................................................................................10-2
Cable/Hose Extension Assembly .................................................................................................10-5
Soil Moisture Probes ....................................................................................................................10-5
Soil Temperature Thermistor .......................................................................................................10-5
DC Power Cable ..........................................................................................................................10-5
Eight to Sixteen Port Upgrade Factory Installation (8150-916) ..................................................10-5
Eight to Sixteen Port Upgrade Field Installation (8150-916-1) ...................................................10-6
Eight to Sixteen Port Upgrade Factory Installation (8150-917) ..................................................10-6
Eight to Sixteen Port Upgrade Field Installation (8150-917-1) ...................................................10-6
How It Works .....................................................................................................................................10-6
Cable Connections ...........................................................................................................................10-10
LI-8100A .................................................................................................................................... 10-10
LI-8150.......................................................................................................................................10-11
Chambers ................................................................................................................................... 10-12
Connecting Auxiliary Sensors.................................................................................................... 10-13
Measurement Quick Start................................................................................................................. 10-15
Performing a Leak Test .....................................................................................................................10-26
Using the Windows Interface Software with the Multiplexer..........................................................10-32
Connecting.................................................................................................................................10-32
Using the Toolbar ......................................................................................................................10-33
Communication Menu .....................................................................................................................10-34
Connect...................................................................................................................................... 10-34
Disconnect................................................................................................................................. 10-35