Megger DELTA 4000 User manual

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Reference Manual
Applications Guide
DELTA 4000
12 kV Insulation Diagnostic System
ZM-AH02E
Advanced Test Equipment Rentals
www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832)
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SWEDEN
Megger Sweden AB
Eldarvägen 4
Box 2970
SE-187 29 TÄBY
Sweden
T [phone]
F [phone]
[e-mail]
www.megger.comEDEN
UNITED STATES
Megger
2621 Van Buren Avenue
Norristown, PA 19403
USA
T [phone]
F [phone]
[e-mail]
www.megger.com
ZM-AH02E 3
NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT & PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
© 2010, Megger Sweden AB. All rights reserved.
The contents of this manual are the property of Megger Sweden
AB. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in
any form or by any means, except as permitted in written license
agreement with Megger Sweden AB. Megger Sweden AB has made
every reasonable attempt to ensure the completeness and accuracy
of this document. However, the information contained in this
manual is subject to change without notice, and does not represent
a commitment on the part of Megger Sweden AB. Any attached
hardware schematics and technical descriptions, or software listings
that disclose source code, are for informational purposes only.
Reproduction in whole or in part to create working hardware or
software for other than Megger Sweden AB products is strictly
prohibited, except as permitted by written license agreement with
Megger Sweden AB.
TRADEMARK NOTICES
Megger® and Programma® are trademarks registered in the U.S.
and other countries. All other brand and product names mentioned
in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their
respective companies.
Megger Sweden AB is certified according to ISO 9001 and 14001.
Reference Manual
Applications Guide
DELTA 4000
12 kV Insulation Diagnostic System

4DELTA 4000 ZM-AH02E
Contents
1 Introduction................................................. 6
General .................................................................6
Principle of operation.............................................6
Current, capacitance and dissipation factor
relationship............................................................7
Connections for UST/GST Configurations...............8
2 Interpretation of measurements ............. 10
Significance of capacitance and
dissipation factor .................................................10
Dissipation factor (Power factor) of typical
apparatus insulation ............................................ 11
Permittivity and % DF of typical insulating
materials..............................................................11
Significance of temperature .................................12
Significance of humidity.......................................13
Surface leakage ...................................................13
Electrostatic interference......................................14
Negative dissipation factor...................................14
Connected bus work, cables etc................................ 14
3 Testing power system components......... 16
Transformers........................................................16
Introduction .............................................................. 16
Definitions ................................................................ 16
Two-winding transformers......................................... 16
Three-winding transformers ...................................... 18
Autotransformers...................................................... 19
Transformer excitation current tests........................... 19
Shunt reactors........................................................... 21
Potential transformers............................................... 21
Current transformers................................................. 21
Voltage regulators..................................................... 21
Dry-type transformers ............................................... 22
Bushings..............................................................22
Introduction .............................................................. 22
Definitions ................................................................ 22
Bushing troubles ....................................................... 24
Bushing tests............................................................. 24
Inverted tap to center conductor test C1 (UST).......... 26
Power and dissipation factor & capacitance test C2... 26
Hot collar test ........................................................... 27
Spare bushing tests................................................... 27
Circuit breakers....................................................28
Introduction .............................................................. 28
Oil circuit-breakers .................................................... 28
Air-blast circuit-breakers............................................ 30
SF6 Circuit-breakers................................................... 31
Vacuum circuit breakers ............................................ 32
Air magnetic circuit-breakers..................................... 33
Oil circuit reclosers .................................................... 33
Rotating machines ...............................................33
Cables .................................................................35
Surge (lightning) arresters ....................................35
Introduction .............................................................. 35
Test connections........................................................ 36
Test procedure .......................................................... 36
Test results ................................................................ 36
Liquids................................................................. 37
Test procedure .......................................................... 37
Miscellaneous assemblies and components ..........37
High-Voltage turns-ratio measurements ............... 38
Test procedure .......................................................... 38
Temperature considerations....................................... 38
Index ............................................................. 40
References........................................................... 42
Appendix A
Temperature correction tables .................... 44

ZM-AH02E DELTA 4000 5