Megger PAT400 Series User manual

M
PAT400 Series
Portable Appliance Testers
User Manual

2
Thank you for purchasing the Megger PAT400 portable appliance tester.
For your own safety and to get the maximum benefit from your instrument, please ensure that you read and
understand the safety warnings and instructions before attempting to use the instrument.
These instruments are designed and manufactured by:
Megger Instruments Ltd
Archcliffe Road
Dover Kent
CT17 9EN
England
Megger Limited reserves the right to change the specification of these instruments at any time without prior notice.

3
CONTENTS
X.1 Unpacking the carton ........................................................................................................................................5
X.2 Safety warnings.................................................................................................................................................5
X.3 Symbols used on the instrument.......................................................................................................................6
1. Instrument layout .......................................................................................................................................................7
1.1 Overview of the PAT400 ...................................................................................................................................7
1.2 Instrument layout...............................................................................................................................................8
1.3 Button functions ................................................................................................................................................9
1.4 HOT KEY descriptions ......................................................................................................................................9
1.5 Display information............................................................................................................................................9
2. Getting started .........................................................................................................................................................10
2.1 Switching ON the PAT400 ..............................................................................................................................10
2.2 HOME screen explained .................................................................................................................................12
2.3 Switching off the PAT400................................................................................................................................12
3. Testing with a PAT400.............................................................................................................................................13
3.1 Connecting an asset to the PAT400 ...............................................................................................................13
3.1.1 Connecting a class I or Class II asset. ............................................................................................................13
3.2 Testing an asset..............................................................................................................................................14
Option 1: Starting a TEST –USING HOT KEYS .......................................................................................................15
Option 2: Starting a TEST –PRESSING THE TEST BUTTON .................................................................................15
Option 3: Starting a TEST –USING A BARCODE SCANNER..................................................................................16
3.3 Test progress ..................................................................................................................................................17
3.4 Remote probe and clip ....................................................................................................................................18
3.5 Short circuit assets ..........................................................................................................................................19
3.6 Aborting a test .................................................................................................................................................19
3.7 Completion of testing ......................................................................................................................................19
3.8 Test fail screen ................................................................................................................................................20
3.9 WARNING -Power On tests ...........................................................................................................................20
4. Using the memory....................................................................................................................................................21
5Adding assets to memory ........................................................................................................................................23
5.1 Adding assets to memory before testing.........................................................................................................23
5.2 Copying the previously added asset ...............................................................................................................24
6. Editing and deleting assets and results ...................................................................................................................25
6.1 Editing asset data............................................................................................................................................25
6.2 Deleting assets................................................................................................................................................25
7. DATA –Test results and data transfer.....................................................................................................................26
7.1 Backup to USB memory stick..........................................................................................................................26
7.2 Importing / restoring data from USB memory stick .........................................................................................27
7.3 Export results to CSV......................................................................................................................................28
8. Test groups ..............................................................................................................................................................30
8.1 Creating a test group.......................................................................................................................................30
8.2 Editing a test group .........................................................................................................................................33
8.3 Deleting a test group .......................................................................................................................................34
9. Quick test -QT........................................................................................................................................................35
9.1 Running a quick test........................................................................................................................................35
10. SETUP menu options ..........................................................................................................................................36
10.1 Client settings..................................................................................................................................................36
10.2 Location settings .............................................................................................................................................36
10.3 Quick test configuration...................................................................................................................................36
10.4 Date/time settings ...........................................................................................................................................37
10.5 Changing language selection..........................................................................................................................38
10.6 Restoring default settings................................................................................................................................38
10.7 ABOUT -PAT400 software version and Megger contact details ..................................................................39
11. PAT4 compatibility ..........................................................................................................................................40
12. Care and maintenance....................................................................................................................................40
Appendix A –Test types explained ..................................................................................................................................41
A.1 Continuity and bond testing.............................................................................................................................41
A.2 Insulation testing .............................................................................................................................................41
A.3 Leakage testing...............................................................................................................................................42
A.3.3 TOUCH current Test (IF).................................................................................................................................42

4
A.4 Load (operation) testing ..................................................................................................................................42
A.5 RCD testing .....................................................................................................................................................43
A.6 Power lead/extension lead testing ..................................................................................................................43
A.7 Flash testing (PAT450 only)............................................................................................................................43
A.8 Parallel path WARNING: .................................................................................................................................44
A.9 Addition testing information.............................................................................................................................44
Carry case....................................................................................................................................................................44
Appendix B –Bar code sample table ...............................................................................................................................45
Appendix C -Specification ...............................................................................................................................................46
Appendix D -Specification ...............................................................................................................................................48
Appendix E -Repair and Warranty...................................................................................................................................49

5
===================================================================
X.1 Unpacking the carton
Unpack the carton contents carefully. There are important documents that you should read and keep for future
reference.
Please complete the pre-paid warranty card and return it to Megger Limited as soon as possible to help us reduce
any delays in supporting you should the need assistance.
UK carton contents
PAT410, PAT420 and PAT450
European carton contents
PAT410, PAT420 and PAT450
1 PAT400 series appliance tester 1 PAT400 series appliance tester
1 Carry case + carry handle and strap 1 Carry case + carry handle and strap
1 Quick-start guide 1 Quick-start guide
1 Black test lead set with probe and clip 1 Black test lead set with probe and clip
1 IEC type power cord 30cm (Extension
lead adaptor)
1 IEC type Power cord 30cm (Extension
lead adaptor)
1 PC power supply test adaptor
1 PC power supply test adaptor 1 Warranty card
1 Warranty card 1 Owners CD manual
1 Owners CD manual 1 Flash test lead (PAT450 ONLY)
1 Flash test lead (PAT450 ONLY)
X.2 Safety Warnings
The following safety warnings and precautions must be read and understood before the instrument is
used. They must be observed during use.
!For safety, only connect the PAT to a supply that is properly earthed. If in doubt, the supply should be
checked by a qualified electrician.
!Do not use the instrument if there are any signs of damage.
!All test leads, probes and clips must be in good order, clean and with no broken or cracked insulation.
!Probes and clips should be held behind the finger guard.
!Test leads not used during a measurement should be disconnected from the appliance tester.
!For dual voltage testers, both sockets can be live simultaneously.
!Only connect one asset to the PAT during testing.
!Tests should be carried out in the order recommended below. An appliance that fails a test should be
repaired before further testing is carried out.
Recommended sequence:
1. Earth bond/ continuity of the protective earth conductor (Class I devices)
2. Insulation test (or earth leakage)
In addition further tests can be performed, but ONLY AFTER 1 & 2 above
3. Operation test
4. Leakage test
!Only perform an operational test after the earth bond and insulation tests have been completed, as this
test operate at mains voltage.
!During testing, ensure no hazard will exist as a result of normal running or under fault conditions.
!During testing the unit under test (asset) should not be touched, other than using the appropriate
accessories, as faulty appliances can present a shock hazard.

6
!Do not touch the exposed parts of test leads during tests as hazardous voltages may be present due to
potentially faulty appliance.
!Do not touch the IEC extension lead socket pins especially during a test, as hazardous voltages may be
present due to a potentially faulty appliance
!Assets should not be routinely flash tested. Where flash testing is required, refer to further guidance on
Flash testing, section 4.5.
!Replacement fuses must be of the correct rating and type. Refer to section 6.3
!The USB connection should only be used by approved service personnel; nothing should be connected to
the USB port during testing.
!Only use a NiMH rechargeable 9 V PP3 battery, do not use a non rechargeable type as this could become
dangerous if charged by the instrument.
!Serviceable fuses should only be replaced with those that are suitably rated
!In case of an emergency use an easily accessible power point
X.3 Symbols used on the instrument
FCaution: risk of electric shock
GCaution: refer to accompanying notes. When displayed at the start of an insulation test, warns that
a hazardous voltage may exist at the test lead probes
cEquipment complies with relevant EU Directives
Equipment complies with ‘C tick’ requirements
Fused
Thisi equipment should be recycled as electronic waste
HV test lead in unlocked position
HV test lead in locked position
Battery type fitted
DO NOT connect to 230 V supply

7
1. Instrument Layout
1.1 Overview of the PAT400
The PAT400 series of portable appliance testers are fully automated testers for the fasted safety testing of portable
electrical equipment. The PAT400s will operate from 230 Vac or 110 Vac supplies.
The PAT400’s are ready to start testing, however the warnings must be read and understood before the testers
are used.
All operators should also be competent in the safety testing of electrical equipment and meet all,the local legal
requirement before testing.

8
1.2 Instrument layout
Flash test socket
Bond/continuity
socket
Lead null post
USB interfaces
Power OFF
Home button
Escape button
Fuse checker
HOT KEYS
QVGA Colour display
Up/Down/Left/Right
navigation keys
OK button
TEST button
Quick test access
button
Qwerty keypad
110 V test socket (UK Only)
IEC/Extension lead
return test socket
Mains test socket

9
1.3 Button functions
Button functions
Power down – Does not discharge battery
Returns to HOME screen
Escape –Exit screen without saving
1.4 HOT KEY descriptions
Home screen SETUP screen Other Icons
Class 1 test groups Test group mgr Add Copy last asset
Class II test groups Change client Edit Re-run test
Power/extension leads Change location Save Save/print label
Portable RCDs Bond lead null Delete View test result
Add asset Edit asset Find asset List test groups
Print barcode
1.5 Display information
Main display area
Display and test
result information
Additional menu
options
Menu bar – Provides navigation path
and menu options
Hot keys
Quick access to
frequently used test
groups, and other
options.
Hot keys.
Function depends on adjacent
display icon.
Used for fast selection of options

10
2. Getting started
2.1 Switching ON the PAT400
1) Connect the instrument to a suitable electrical supply, either 230 Vac or 110 Vac
For testing 230 V electrical equipment, connect the PAT tester to a 230 V electrical outlet.
For testing 110 V electrical equipment, connect the PAT tester to a 110 V electrical outlet, using the
optional 110 V to 230 V supply lead adaptor. Refer to section 3 for further details.
The appliance tester will automatically start when connected to the mains supply.
IMPORTANT:
DO NOT connect any equipment to the PAT tester until it has been switched on and passed self
test.
Connected equipment will create a relay error and necessitate restarting the appliance tester by
pressing the OFF button. Once switched off the power should be disconnected and reconnected.
2.1.1 Start up-initialisation
The first time the Pat tester is started the instrument will ask for the operating language, time and
date to be set.
1) Use the UP/DOWN arrows to select the operating language from the options listed.
2) Press OK when complete
3) Using the RIGHT/LEFT and OK keys enter the Date time
Date format is DD / MM / YYYY
Time format is 24 Hr Hr / Min / Sec
4) Press the SAVE HOTKEY to accept changes.
Further changes can be made in the menu SETUP options

11
On completion of the initialisation the following warning screen is displayed when the PAT tester is
switched on.
UK configured PAT400 instruments Non- UK configured PAT400 instruments
NOTE:
This screen is not displayed if the PAT tester is re-started within five minutes of being un-plugged, when
the PAT tester restarts from the same screen as before.
5) Press OK to confirm you have read and understood these warnings. The instrument will display
the following HOME screen when all initial tests pass.

12
2.2 HOME screen explained
The HOME screen is the start point of all testing.
2.3 Switching off the PAT400
2.3.1 Normal Power-Off
To switch off the tester, press the RED off button. The display will show the message
“It is now safe to remove power”
Now the mains plug can be removed from the supply.
Switching off using this button prevents the “quick start” battery from discharging unnecessarily.
2.3.2 FAST Restart
If the tester is to be moved to a new location and testing continued, simply unplug the unit from the
mains supply and reconnect it in the new location. The appliance tester will enter a hibernation
mode during the move and restart instantly from the point power was disconnected, without any
delay.
Any test results are retained. On reconnection the previous test result can still be saved.
The rechargeable 9 V NIMH battery is used to maintain hibernation status whilst unplugged. This battery is
continuously charged whilst the appliance tester is connected to the mains supply.
Continuous use of the hibernation mode will discharge the battery. Should the move take longer than 5
minutes, the appliance tester will leave hibernation mode and complete a full power down.
Menu functions:
Home
Test launch screen
HOT KEY access
Instrument status
Setup
Client
Location
Quick tests
Date/Time
Language
Default settings
About
DATA
Backup to USB
Restore from USB
Export to USB (CSV)
View results
Class I test groups
Class II test groups
Class IEC (Power) and
extension lead test groups
Class IEC (Power) and
extension lead test groups
Class IEC (Power) and
extension lead test groups

13
3. Testing with a PAT400
3.1 Connecting an asset to the PAT400
Assets are tested through the test connectors on the top of the instrument. An asset is simply plugged into
the appropriate socket.
A power cord (IEC lead) or an extension lead needs to be “wrapped back” to the small IEC socket on the
top of the instrument. This allows automatic testing of continuity and polarity without connecting the remote
probe.
Standard Class I and Class II assets will also use the additional remote probe for BOND, INSULATION or
LEAKAGE testing. The instruction to connect it is displayed on the screen at the appropriate time.
The following drawings show how the asset under test should be connected at the start of testing.
NOTE: The dotted line indicates where a 110 V asset would be connected (UK PAT testers only).
Other test leads may need to be connected during the test sequence. Follow on-
screen instructions.
NEVER CONNECT MORE THAN ONE ASSET AT A TIME.
3.1.1 Connecting a Class I or Class II asset.
To connect standard Class I or Class II equipment to the
PAT400:
1) Plug the asset into the 230 V test socket on the PAT400.
To connect 110 V equipment to the PAT400:
1) Plug the asset into the 110 V test socket on the PAT400.
3.1.2 Connecting an IEC type power cord or 110 V (Power) lead
To connect a standard IEC type power cord (computer type)
power lead to the PAT400:
1) Connect the mains plug to the mains test socket on the
PAT400.
2) Connect the IEC plug to the IEC socket.
To connect a 110 V power lead, use the 110 V to IEC plug
adaptor.
1) Connect the 110 V mains plug to the 110 V test socket
2) Connect the free end of the 110 V power lead to the 110V
adaptor plug.
3) Connect the 110 V adaptor IEC connector to the IEC socket
on the PAT400.

14
3.1.3 Connecting an extension lead
To connect an extension lead to the PAT400:
1) Connect the mains plug to the mains test socket on the
PAT400
2) Using the extension lead adaptor, connect the furthest socket
on the extension lead to the IEC socket on the PAT400.
To connect a 110 V power lead, use the 110 V to IEC plug
adaptor.
1) Connect the 110 V mains plug to the 110 V test socket
2) Connect the free end of the 110 V power lead to the 110V
adaptor plug.
Connect the 110 V adaptor IEC connector to the IEC socket on
the PAT400.
3.1.4 Connecting a portable RCD
To connect a portable RCD to the PAT400:
1) Connect the RCD to the 230 V test socket on the
PAT400.
2) Using the IEC test lead adaptor, connect the IEC
plug of the adaptor lead into the IEC socket on the
PAT400.
3) Connect the MAINS plug of the IEC test lead
adaptor into the RCD.
3.2 Testing an asset
The PAT400’s are designed to automatically test electrical equipment, using TEST GROUPS.
A “TEST GROUP” is a specific group of tests suitable for the type of asset being tested.
The PAT tester is shipped with a pre-defined set of test groups. However others can be added as required,
up to a maximum of 100, section 8.
Before a test will run, a TEST GROUP must be selected. There are three options to start the test
sequence:
•OPTION 1 Select a test group from the HOTKEY options
•OPTION 2 Press the TEST button –This will run the current test group (defaults to first test
group in list).
•OPTION 3 Scan the asset ID with a bar-code scanner, then press TEST (asset details must
already be stored in the PAT400), otherwise PAT400 defaults to ADD ASSET
screen.

15
Option 1: Starting a TEST –USING HOT KEYS
.1 Select a Class I, Class II, IEC/extension lead or RCD test group by pressing one of the HOT KEY
options:
A list of TEST GROUPS are displayed that are relevant to that type of equipment
Example: Class I test groups
.2 Select one of the test groups by pressing the relevant number.
For more Information on test groups, adding, editing, configuration or deletion, go to section 8.
.3 Press TEST to start the test sequence (or press the test number again).
Option 2: Starting a TEST –PRESSING THE TEST BUTTON
.1 From the HOME screen, press the TEST button. The display will show the TEST ASSET page.
.2 Type in the “asset ID” if available and press OK.
If the asset is already in the database the details of the asset will be displayed as below:
Press the TEST button and the test sequence will commence. Go to 3.3 TESTING.
Class I test groups
Class II test groups
Class IEC (Power) and
extension lead test groups
Class IEC (Power) and
extension lead test groups
Class IEC (Power) and
extension lead test groups
Search for ASSET from list
Search for TEST GROUPS
Add ASSET
Edit ASSET

16
Alternatively to search through the asset database, press the FIND ASSET HOTKEY
.3 If the asset is not in the database, a blank TEST ASSET screen will appear. This only contains
the current client and location. If no client and location have been added, these will say DEFAULT.
A new asset ID can be added at his stage, but it is recommended that this is added after testing is
completed.
.4 Press the DOWN arrow to access TEST GROUPS.
.5 Type in the test group name, or press the “SEARCH TEST GROUP” HOTKEY and Press
OK.
Press OK and select a test group from the drop down options. Press OK to accept.
.6 Press TEST to commence testing.
.7 Go to section 3.3 TESTING.
Note: Asset IDs do not have to be added until the test is completed. This can save time by not
cluttering the asset database with unwanted asset IDs.
Option 3: Starting a TEST –USING A BARCODE SCANNER

17
.1 From the home page, scan the asset ID with the optional bar code scanner.
The asset ID and asset information will appear.
.2 If the asset information matches the asset to be tested the completed TEST ASSET screen will
appear as below:
Check the asset information matches the ASSET to be tested. If so, Press TEST and go to section
3.3 TEST PROGRESS.
If the asset information does not match the asset to be tested, check the CLIENT is correct.
The same Asset ID can be used for different clients, but one client cannot have duplicate asset
IDs.
.3 If the asset ID does not exist, press the ADD ASSET icon. The screen will jump to Add Asset
screen.
Select the TEST GROUP.
The TEST GROUP is selected by typing in the Asset ID or selecting from a drop down list.
Additional information can also be added, but this is not essential.
NOTE: When scanning an Asset ID that exists in the database under a location that is different to
that set in the PATs current status, a yellow warning indicator will show on the Location field as
below:
.4 Press the TEST button. Go to section 3.3 TESTING for further information on the test sequence.
3.3 Test progress
The PAT400 display all the tests to be run in the selected test group.

18
Each test is run sequentially and the results displayed for each test before proceeding to the next test
A “FAIL” on any test will prevent further testing for safety purposes.
Test screen example: Class I asset
Interruption to automatic testing
Testing proceeds automatically unless an action is required from the operator. These include:
•Connection of BOND test lead (Class I assets)
•Connection of Insulation test lead (Class II assets)
•Repeat bond test –multiple bond tests within one test group
•Powered test authorisation –where asset will run (electric drill etc)
•RCD reset and manual test button operation
•Manual advance mode –Each test waits for confirmation from operator
Follow “on –screen”instructions as they appear.
3.4 Remote probe and clip
Some tests will require the use of the remote probe and clip. These are used where the asset under test
has no earth return (Class II assets). Test using the remote probe include:
Insulation testing on Class II equipment
Continuity/bond testing on Class I equipment
Touch leakage testing
The PAT400 will instruct the operator when the remote probe needs to be connected.
Example of remote probe application
Class II insulation test (Riso)
Live and neutral are shorted together automatically in the PAT (RED LINK) and a voltage (250 V or
500 V) is applied between the shorted L/N and the remote probe.
The probe is connected to any metallic locations on the “appliance under test” to ensure there is no
breakdown of the insulation.
Test results screen
Green –Test passed
Amber –Test in progress
Grey –Test pending
Current test values or
Instructions during the test
sequence
Test results column
Test limits column
Pass limit set for this test
Actual measurement result
List of tests in test group

19
See also TEST LEAD NULL in section 10
3.5 Short circuit assets
Some assets may appear to the PAT400 to be short circuit. This can be caused by large inductive loads.
In such cases, the following warning message will be displayed:
Only if the operator is certain the equipment is not a short circuit, Press TEST. Otherwise press ESC to fail
the asset.
3.6 Aborting a test
All tests can be aborted at any time by pressing the TEST button or ESC (escape)button.
3.7 Completion of testing
On completion of testing all test fields should turn green as below. The test results are displayed in the
centre column with the pass limits for that test group on the right.
On completion of testing, the following options are available:
Re-test asset using current test group. Warning: test data will not be saved for the previous test.
Remote probe connected to
different metal contact points to
ensure they are all isolated from
the supply
Repeat test sequence
Print bar code label & SAVE
results to memory
SAVE results to memory

20
Save the test results to memory and print a bar code label (a Megger USB barcode printer must
be connected prior to requesting this function).
Save test results to memory and return to the initial screen.
Go to section 4. to learn about using the memory, or Section 4.2 saving a result to memory.
To return to the HOME screen without saving the results press HOME button
3.8 Test fail screen
Should an asset fail a test at any stage, the test sequence is stopped and the screen message ASSET
FAILED is displayed:
Example: Asset has failed the insulation test.
Pass limit set to 0.5 M!, Measurement recorded at 0.03 M!.
The same options are available as an asset that has passed.
•Asset can be re-tested
•Test results can be saved and a bar code FAIL label printed (if connected)
•Test results can be saved to memory
3.9 WARNING -Power On tests
Running a leakage or load test will operate the asset under test. Some assets, such as vacuum cleaners,
disc cutters etc can draw high initial load currents. The PAT400 will under certain circumstances report the
asset is short circuit.
If this warning is displayed, it is recommended the following actions are taken:
1) Where possible check the asset is not a short circuit appliance ( the fuse would normally be blown in
such circumstances.
2) If you are sure the asset I NOT short circuit, do not leave the asset switched on at the start of the test.
As soon as the test (leakage or load) commences, switch the asset ON.
Repeat test sequence
Print bar code label & SAVE
results to memory
SAVE results to memory