
00108103w REV 0421 3 of 10
Equilibrating the Electrode
for Voltage Measurements
When the Millicell
®
ERS-2 system is used for
resistance measurements only, the electrode can
be used directly out of dry storage without any
equilibration. The unit’s design compensates for any
asymmetry of measurement.
For voltage measurement, the STX01 electrode needs
to be equilibrated to eliminate any offset before use.
To equilibrate, prepare an electrolyte solution similar
to the one you will use when taking measurements,
or use phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 0.15 M
sodium chloride (NaCl), or 0.1 M potassium chloride
(KCl).
1. Disconnect the Millicell
®
ERS-2 meter from the
charger.
2. Connect the STX01 electrode to the meter by
inserting the plug at the end of the flexible
electrode cable into the INPUT port on the meter.
3. With the POWER switch Off, and the MODE switch
in the Ohms position, immerse the electrode in the
electrolyte solution. When the voltage electrode
pairs are connected to the instrument with the
instrument power off, they are shorted together
internally, and this allows the probes to equilibrate.
During this equilibration, the asymmetrical
potential difference across the two voltage
electrodes is reduced and the inter-electrode DC
potential will be a few millivolts or less and quite
stable. The following table lists the recommended
equilibration time.
If the electrode has... then soak it in solution for...
never been tested
for voltage drift
24 hours
been stored dry 24 hours
been stored in
solution
2 hours
4. Perform the “Electrode Functionality Check”
(see below).
Electrode Functionality Check
(for voltage measurements only)
1. Set the MODE switch to Millivolts and disconnect
the meter from the charger.
2. Insert the equilibrated electrode into a cell culture
insert containing culture media or electrolyte
solution.
3. Turn the power on.
4. The meter should display a steady voltage reading
of the trans-membrane potential, indicating that
the electrode is ready for voltage measurements.
5. If the reading of the culture media is unstable or
greater than 20 mV, equilibrate the electrode again
for 12–24 hours while attached to the meter. The
POWER switch should be Off and the MODE switch
on Ohms.
6. Repeat steps 1–4. If the reading remains unstable,
or greater than 20 mV, refer to “Troubleshooting”.
Measuring Cell Resistance and Voltage
Set up the laminar flow hood with the following:
• Fully charged Millicell
®
ERS-2 system
• STX04 test electrode
• STX01 or STX03 electrode (for Millicell
®
6, 12,
and 24-well inserts/plates), or STX00 electrode
(required for Millicell
®
-96 cell culture plates),
equilibrated if being used to measure voltage
• Millicell
®
culture plate insert without cells (control)
• Millicell
®
culture plate insert with cells
• 70% ethanol solution
• Small flathead screwdriver
NOTE: When the system is not in use, turn off the
POWER switch. Use aseptic technique to maintain
culture sterility.
Sterilizing or Sanitizing/Disinfecting
the Electrode
The Millicell
®
ERS-2 electrode is supplied non-sterile.
To sterilize, use standard sterilizing gas mixtures. To
sanitize/disinfect, use a low temperature chemical
sanitizing/disinfecting solution such as ethanol,
isopropanol, or 5% sodium hypochlorite.
Sterilize or sanitize/disinfect the electrode immediately
before use if the cultures will be returned to the
incubator.
CAUTION: DO NOT autoclave or flame the electrode;
it cannot withstand high temperatures. DO NOT
expose the electrode to ultraviolet light; UV light
decomposes silver/silver chloride electrodes.
To sanitize/disinfect using alcohol or 5% sodium
hypochlorite, follow this procedure in a laminar flow
hood.
1. Immerse the electrode tips in sanitizing/disinfecting
solution for 15 minutes. Allow to air dry for
15 seconds.
NOTE: Do not leave the electrode tips in alcohol
for more than 30 minutes at a time. Continuous
soaking will weaken the electrode’s protective
coating and shorten its life.
2. Rinse the electrode in a sterile electrolyte
solution similar to the cell culture media
or in 0.1–0.15 M KCl or NaCl.
3. For resistance measurements, the electrode
is now ready to use.
4. For voltage measurements, allow the electrode to
equilibrate in the sterile electrolyte solution similar
to the cell culture media for 15 minutes.