Motorola M68HC08 User manual

MOTOROLA.COM/SEMICONDUCTORS
M68HC08
Microcontrollers
DRM046
Rev. 0, 09/2003
Low Power BLDC
Designer Reference
Reference Design
Manual
Drive for Fans using
the MC68HC908QY4
Freescale Semiconductor, I
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
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Go to: www.freescale.com
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Freescale Semiconductor, I
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
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DRM046 — Rev 0 Designer Reference Manual
MOTOROLA 3
Low Power BLDC Drive for
Fans using the
MC68HC908QY4 Reference
Design
Designer Reference Manual — Rev 0
by: Radim Visinka, MCSL, Roznov
BLDC Motor Theory by: Pavel Grasblum, MCSL, Roznov
Metrowerks and the Metrowerks logo are registered trademarks of
Metrowerks, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Motorola, Inc.
CodeWarrior is a registered trademark of Metrowerks, Inc., a wholly
owned subsidiary of Motorola, Inc.
Freescale Semiconductor, I
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
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Designer Reference Manual DRM046 — Rev 0
4MOTOROLA
Freescale Semiconductor, I
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
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DRM046 — Rev 0 Designer Reference Manual
MOTOROLA List of Sections 5
Designer Reference Manual — DRM046
List of Sections
Section 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Section 2. MC68HC908QY Family Advantages and
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Section 3. BLDC Motor Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Section 4. 3-Phase BLDC Low Voltage Reference
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Section 5. Hardware Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Section 6. Software Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Section 7. References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Section 8. Appendix A — Schematics and Parts List . . 63
Section 9. Appendix B — System Set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Freescale Semiconductor, I
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
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List of Sections
Designer Reference Manual DRM046 — Rev 0
6 List of Sections MOTOROLA
Freescale Semiconductor, I
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
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DRM046 — Rev 0 Designer Reference Manual
MOTOROLA Table of Contents 7
Designer Reference Manual — DRM046
Table of Contents
Section 1. Introduction
Section 2. MC68HC908QY Family Advantages and
Features
Section 3. BLDC Motor Theory
3.1 Digital Control of a BLDC Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
3.2 Independent Switching of Power Transistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
3.3 Complementary Switching of Power Transistors . . . . . . . . . . .20
3.4 Commutation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Section 4. 3-Phase BLDC Low Voltage Reference Design
4.1 Application Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
4.2 Application Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Section 5. Hardware Design
5.1 Pin-by-Pin Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
5.2 Detailed Design Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Section 6. Software Design
6.1 Data Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
6.2 Software Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
6.3 Application Porting for the Customer Specific BLDC Motor . . .52
6.4 Software Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Freescale Semiconductor, I
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
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Table of Contents
Designer Reference Manual DRM046 — Rev 0
8 Table of Contents MOTOROLA
6.5 Microcontroller Memory and Peripheral Usage . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Section 7. References
Section 8. Appendix A — Schematics and Parts List
8.1 Schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
8.2 Parts Lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Section 9. Appendix B — System Set-up
9.1 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
9.2 Hardware Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
9.3 Jumper Settings for Controller Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
9.4 Required Software Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
9.5 Building and Uploading the Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
9.6 Executing the Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Freescale Semiconductor, I
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
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DRM046 — Rev 0 Designer Reference Manual
MOTOROLA List of Figures 9
Designer Reference Manual — DRM046
List of Figures
Figure Title Page
1-1 Low Power BLDC Drive for Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
3-1 BLDC Motor - Cross Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
3-2 Voltage Strokes Applied to the 3-ph BLDC Motor . . . . . . . . . .18
3-3 3-phase BLDC Power Stage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
3-4 Independent Switching of Power Transistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
3-5 Complementary Switching of Power Transistors . . . . . . . . . . .21
3-6 Stator Flux Vectors at Six-Step Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3-7 Situation Right Before Commutation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
3-8 Situation Right After Commutation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
4-1 System Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
5-1 Three-Phase BLDC Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
5-2 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
5-3 Microcontroller with Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
5-4 Hall Sensor Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
5-5 User’s Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
5-6 3-Phase H Bridge (Phase A Shown) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
5-7 Current Sensing - Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
6-1 Algorithm Data Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
6-2 Closed Loop Speed Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
6-3 Software Implementation - General Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6-4 Stator Flux Vectors with Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
8-1 Microcontroller with Hall Sensor Input and User’s Interface. . .64
8-2 Power Stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
8-3 Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
9-1 Setup of the Application with BLDC Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
9-2 Jumper Reference of BLDC Drive Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Freescale Semiconductor, I
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
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List of Figures
Designer Reference Manual DRM046 — Rev 0
10 List of Figures MOTOROLA
Freescale Semiconductor, I
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
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