NEC FDl165 Technical specifications

FDl165
Flexible Disk Drive
Product Description
NEe
NEe Information Systems,lnc.
819-000090-1001
4-82

LIABILITY DISCLAIMER
NEe Information Systems, Inc. products are warranted in
accordance with the terms of the applicable NEC Information
Systems, Inc. product specification. Product performance
is affected by system configuration, software, the applica-
tion, customer data and operator control of the system among
other factors. While NEC Information Systems, Inc. products
are considered to be compatible with most systems, the spe-
cific functional implementation by customers of the product
may vary.
Therefore, it is the customer's responsibility to determine
the suitability of a product for a specific application and
is not warranted by NEC Information Systems, Inc.
First Printing - April 1982
Copyright 1982©
NEe In~ormation Systems, Inc.
5 Militia Drive
Lexington, MA 02173
Printed in U.S.A.

CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION
FEATURES •••••••• " ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
SPEC IFICATIONS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
GENERAL .DESCRIPTION ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2 .. 3
1.2.4
1.2,,5
1.2.6
1.2.7
1.2.8
1.2.9
1.2.10
1.2.11
1.2.12
Compact Size and Design •••••••••••••••
Loading/Ejection, Interlocks, and
Sensor s •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Dc Direct Drive Spindle Motor ••••••.••
Read/Write Heads ••••••••••••••••••••••
Mic~o~ro?essor-Controlled Head
Pos1t1
on 1ng •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Microprocessor-Controlled Head Loading
Display LEOs ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Door Lock Solenoid ••••••••••••••••••••
Interface •••••••• ' •••••••••••••••••••••
Diagnostics •••••••••••••••••••.•••••••
Option Selection ••••••••••••••••••••••
Variable Frequency Oscillator
(Optional) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1-1
1-1
1-1
1-3
1-3
1-3
1-4
1-4
1-4
1-4
1-4
1-4
1-5
1-5
1-5
CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION
2.1
2.2
PRELIMINARY INSPECTION •••••••••••••••••••••••••
UNPACKING/REPACKING PROCEDURE ••••••••••••••••••
2-1
2-1
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS .
2.3
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
Unpacking Procedure •••••••••••••••••••
Repacking Procedure •••••••••••••••••••
Operating Environment •••••••••••••••••
Space and Weight Data •••••••••••••••••
Power Requirements ••••••••••••••••••••
2-1
2-1
2-3
2-3
2-3
2-4
2.4
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE ••••••••••.•••••••••••.••
2-4
2.4.1 Preinstal1ation Inspection............ 2-4
2.4.2 Drive Designation ••••••.•••••••.••••• 2-4
2.4.2.1 Terminator Resistors.................. 2-5
2.4.2.2 Drive Identification Selection (DX)... 2-5
iii

2.4.2.3
2.4.2.4
2.4.2.5
2.4.2.6
2.4.3
2.4.4
CONTENTS (cont'd)
Option Selection ••••••••••••••••••••••
Diagnostic Plugs (T2, T3) •••••••••••••
Test Pins (TP) ••••••••••••••••••••••••
Tr impot s ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Mounting and Wiring •••••••••••••••••••
Power On Testing ••••••••••••••••••••••
Page
2-5
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-12
2-16
CHAPTER 3
INTERFACE INFORMATION
3.1
3.2
3.3
DATA INTERFACE CONNECTOR DATA ••••••••••••••••••
SIGNAL LEVELS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
INPUT SIGNAL FUNCTIONS •••••••••••••••••••••••••
3-1
3-1
3-3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.3.6
3.3.7
3.3.8
3.3.9
3.3.10
Drive Select 1 to 4(DXl to DX4) ••••••
Head Load (HDL) •••••••••••••••••••••••
Step (STP) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Direction Select (DIR) ••••••••••••••••
Side Select (SSL) •••••••••••••••••••••
Wr i te Gate (WGT) ••••••••••••••••••••••
Write Data (WDT) ••••••••••••••••••••••
Current Changeover (LWC) ••••••••••••••
Reset (FLR) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
In Use ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
3-3
3-3
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-4
3-6
3-6
3-6
3.4
OUTPUT SIGNAL FUNCTIONS ••••••••••••••••••••••••
3-6
3.4.1
3.4.2'
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.4.6
3.4.7
3.4.8
Index (IDX) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Track 00 (TKC) ••••••••••••••••••••••••
Dual-Sided (TSD) ••••••••••••••••••••••
Ready (ROy) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
File Unsafe (FUS) •••••••••••••••••••••
Read Data (RDT) •••••••••••••••••••••••
Write Protect (PRT) •••••••••••••••••••
Disk Change (DCG) •••••••••••••••••••••
3-6
3-6
3-6
3-7
3-7
3-7
3-8
3-8
3.5
VFO INTERFACE SIGNAL FUNCTIONS •••••••••••••••••
3-9
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.5.4
Modified Frequency Modulated Mode
(MFM) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
VFO Synchronization (SYC) •••••••••••••
Standardized Read Data (SRO) ••••••••••
Wi ndow (WID) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
iv
3-9
3-9
3-9
3-9

3.6
CONTENTS (cont'd)
INTERFACE TIMING •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Page
3-10
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.3
3.6.4
3.6.5
3.6.6
Power On Sequence •••••••••••••••••••••
Drive Select ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Step and Track 00 •••••••••••••••••••••
Access ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Wr i te •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Read After Step •••••••••••••••••••••••
TABLES
3-10
3-10
3-10
3-10
3-11
3-12
Table
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
Title
Model FDl165 Capacity •••••••••••••••••••••••
Model FDl165 Specifications •••••••••••••••••
Door Lock Plug Combinations •••••••••••••••••
Test Pins and Signals •••••••••••••••••••••••
v
Page
1-5
1-5
2-9
2-12

Figure
ILLUSTRA nONS
Title
1-2
2-2
2-3
1-1
2-1
2-2
2-3
Model FDl165 Flexible Disk Drive Components.
UnpaGking Diagram •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Disk Drive Dimensions •••••••••••••••••••••••
Terminator Resistor and Selection Plug
Location and Selection Plug Configuration
on PCB...................................... 2- 6
2-4 Cable Connections from Disk Drives to
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-13
3-14
Controller ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Vertical Installation •••••••••••••••••••••••
Horizontal Installation •••••••••••••••••••••
Perpendicular Installation ••••••••••••••••••
Air Flow Requirements for Natural Air
Cool i ng •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Interface Cables Between Disk Drive and
Controller ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Interface Connectors Physical Location
Diagram •••••••• ~ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Data and Control Interface Connector ••••••••
Signal Edge Cord Connector Circuit
Ass ignments •.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Driver and Receiver Circuits ••••••••••••••••
Step Signal Timing ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Write Gate Signal Timing ••••••••••••••••••••
Write Data Signal Timing ••••••••••••••••••••
Index Signal Timing •••••••••••••••••••••••••
Read Data Signal Timing •••••••••••••••••••••
Disk Change Signal Timing •••••••••••••••••••
Read Data and Window Signal Timing ••••••••••
Step and Track 00 Signal Timing •••••••••••••
Access Timing •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Wr i te T imi ng ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Read After Step Timing ••••••••••••••••••••••
vi
2-7
2-13
2-13
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-5
3-6
3-8
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-11
3-12

CHAPTER 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
This document describes the Model FDl165 8-Inch Flexible
Disk Drive and gives specification, installation, and inter-
face information in sufficient detail for evaluating and
planning systems.
1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Model FDl165 Flexible Disk Drive is a compact magnetic
disk storage device that uses single- or dual-sided flexible
disks. wi th a dual-sided flexible disk and double-densi ty
format, the maximum storage capacity is l.~ million bytes.
The disk drive is designed for a long, trouble-free service
life and has a field-proven mean-time-between-failures
(MTBF) of 24,000 hours.
1.2 FEATURES
The Model FDl165 Flexible Disk Drive is operated by an ex-
ternal controller (NEe ~PD765 is recommended) through a
transistor-transistor logic (TTL) interface. Dc power is
supplied and controlled externally. Operator controls on
the disk drive consist of a door handle and READY and BUSY
lamps on the front panel (see Figure 1-1).
1.2.1 Compact Size and Design
The most apparent features of the Model FDl165 Flexible Disk
Drive are its small size and light weight. The disk drive
measures 8.55 inches (217.2 mm) high, by 2.28 inches (58.0
mm) wide, by 13.20 inches (335.0 mm) deep and weighs 7. 7
pounds (3.5 kg) ,t The disk drive has all the features and
performance of conventional units, and maintains media and
interface compatibility with them. Because of its small
size, two disk drives can be mounted in the same space as
one conventional drive. If only one disk drive is mounted,
the remaining space can be used to store flexible disks.
1-1

HEAD LOAD
SOLENOID
Y---~=====~~--_-I
LAMP
Figure 1-1 Model FDl165 Flexible D.isk Drive Components
The simplified design of the disk drive improves its reli-
ability and simplifies repair. In particular, its dc direct
drive spindle motor eliminates problems associated with
conventional ac motor drives.
• Dr i ve pulleys and bel ts, and the problems associated
with these parts are eliminated.
•The special brush type dc motor draws less power
(only 26 w) than conventional ac motors, so that low
power, inexpensive power supplies can be used.
• Concerns about different ac voltages and frequencies
are eliminated.
• Less heat is produced by the disk drive than with
conventional units.
1-2

1.2.2 ~oadin9/Ejection, Interlocks, and Sensors
Insert a flexible disk into the disk drive and close the
door. When the door handle latches closed, a collet presses
into the hole of the flexible disk, centering it and clamp-
ing it in operating position on a spindle below. By the
same action the drive motor receives dc power, it moves the
s~indle, rotating the flexible disk at 360 revolutions per
mlnute (rpm). Sensors in the disk drive detect the follow-
ing:
a. That the flexible disk is properly inserted and the
door slot is closed.
b. Whether a single- or dual-sided flexible disk is
loaded.
c. Whether the flexible disk has a write protect notch.
d. Whether the magnetic head is located on the 00 track
o:f the disk.
An index sensor generates a pulse once for each rotation of
the flexible disk, providing a time reference.
Before you can unload the flexible disk, the BUSY lamp on
the front panel must be off. The door slot does not open
if the flexible disk is being used by the host controller.
1.2.3
Dc Direct Drive Spindle Motor
The disk spindle is driven by a dc motor. This direct drive
dc motor makes dr i ve bel ts and pulleys unnecessary, and
minimizes the power required. The motor provides a media
up-to-speed time of only 600 ms.
The flexible disk is accurately centered and clamped onto
the spindle by a collet. Clamp pressure is relieved by
springs in both the spindle and collet to protect the flex-
ible disk even if it is warped.
1.2.4 Read/Write Heads
Data is written onto the flexible disk and read from it
using ceramic magnetic read/write heads. The read/write
heads are located on each side of the flexible disk and are
mounted on a precision guide-bar carriage, enabling the
heads to be shifted from track to track. During loading and
unloading of a flexible disk, the heads are held away from
the flexible disk surface.
1-3

1.2.5 Microprocessor-Controlled Head positioning
The head positioning (access) mechanism consists of a step
motor, linked to the carriage by a tensioned steel belt.
This arrangement provides fast and accurate access. The
step motor is controlled by a microprocessor, increasing
head posi tioning reliabili ty. Each pulse command rotates
the step motor shaft 1.8 degrees, which moves a head/car-
riage 1/2 track on the flexible disk.
1.2.6 Microprocessor-Controlled Head Loading
When the disk drive logic circuit receives a head load in-
structiori, it lowers the heads onto the flexible disk sur-
faces. Head loading force is controlled by a solenoid. A
microprocessor-controlled special cam governs head loading,
reducing damage to the flexible disk surface, thereby in-
creasing flexible disk operating life and data integrity.
1.2.7 Display LEOs
Two LEOs on the front panel provide a visual display of the
ready and busy states of the disk drive.
1.2.8 Door Lock Solenoid
The door lock solenoid makes it impossible to remove a disk
during certain drive operations, thereby preventing data
loss or physical damage to the flexible disk.
1.2.9 Interface
Signal and data lines interface with the host controller is
by a 50-pin edge card connector. The 21 active lines (plus
grounds) are all operated at TTL levels. The Variable Fre-
quency Oscillator (VFO) option requires another three lines.
1.2.10 Diagnostics
The disk drive diagnostics consist of movable printed cir-
cui t board (PCB) plugs that can be used to establish test
conditions.
1-4

1.2.11 Option Selection
The FDl165 is equipped with signal function selection plugs,
as well as drive door and busy lamp function plugs. These
function plugs allow you to tailor the disk drive to suit
your particular needs. See Section 2.4.2.3 for a full de-
scription of these features.
1.2.12 Variable Frequency Oscillator (Optional)
The optional VFO makes the interface signals to the con-
troller more stable. This feature increases the overall
reliability of the disk drive.
1.3 SPECIFICATIONS
Capacities for the Model FDl165 Flexible Disk Drive are
listed in Table 1-1. Mechanical, electrical, environmental,
and performance specifications are listed in Table 1-2.
Table 1-1 Model FD1l65 Capacity (Formatted)
CAPACITY
SINGLE-SIDED
DUAL-SIDED
DUAL-SIDED
(Bytes)
SINGLE-DENSITY
SINGLE-DENSITY
DOUBLE-DENSITY
Per diskette
24(;K
284K 303K 493K 568K 606K 985K 1137K 1212K
Per track
3328 3840 4096 3328 3840 4096 6656 7680 8192
Per sector
128 256 512 128 256 512 256 512
1024
Sectors per
track
26 15 8 26 15 8 26 15 8
Table 1-2 Model FD1l65 Specifications
FEATURES
SPECIFICATIONS
Single-Sided
Dual-Sided Dual-Sided
Single-Density
Single-Density
Double-Density
Capacity
(unformatted)
400K bytes
800K
bytes
1,600K
bytes
Capacity
(formatted-maximum)
Per Disk 303K bytes
606K bytes
1,212K bytes
Per Track
4,096 bytes
4,096 bytes
8,192
bytes
Per Sector
512 bytes
512 bytes
1,024
bytes
Tracks per Disk
77
154
154
Bit Density
3,268 bpi
3,408
bpi
6,816
bpi
Transfer Rate 250K
bps
250K
bps
500K
bps
Recording Method FM FM FMM
1-5

Table 1-2 Model FDl165 Specifications (cont'd)
FEATURES SPECIFICATIONS
Number
of Sectors/Track
Track Density
Rotational Speed
Access Time
Track-to-Track
Seek settling time
Head load time
Latency time (average)
Start time
Power requirement
Power consumption
Mechanical
Height
Width
Depth
Weight
Environmental
Ambient temperature
Operating:
Non-operating:
Relative humidity
Operating:
Reliability
Mean Time Between
Failures
~ean Time To Repair
Component Life
Soft Error Rates
Hard Error Rates
Seek Error Rates
Media
IBM Diskette 1 or
equivalent
IBM Diskette 2 or
equivalent
IBM Diskette 2D or
equivalent
8
48 tpi
360 rpm
3.0 ms
15.0 ms
30.0 ms
83.3 ms
0.6 second
+24 Vdc +10% @ 0.9 Amp (maximum)
+ 5 Vdc
+5% @ 0.8 Amp (maximum) without VFO/
- 0.9 Amp (maximum) with VFO
26 watts (27 watts with VFO)
2.28 inches (58 mm)
8.55 inches (217.2 mm)
13.19 inches (335 mm)
7.7 pounds (3.5 Kg)
50°F to +113°F (+10 oC to +45°C)
+23°F to +158°F (-5°C to +70o C)
20% to 80%
24,000 Power On Hours (POH)
0.5 hours
15,000 POH or 5 years
1 bit in 109
1 bit in 1012
1
in 106
1-6

CHAPTER 2
INSTALLATION
This chapter tells you how to inspect, unpack, and install
the Model FD1l65 Flexible Disk Drive.
2.1 PRELIMINARY INSPECTION
Before unpacking the Model FDl165 Flexible Disk Drive, in-
spect the shipping carton for any damage. If there is dam-
age, notify the carrier immediately. Do not open the carton
until the carrier's representative inspects it. If the
carton is undamaged, follow the unpacking procedure.
2.2 UNPACKING/REPACKING PROCEDURE
This section describes how to unpack and repack the disk
drive.
2.2.1 Unpacking Procedure
To unpack the disk drive, refer to Figure 2-1 and follow
these steps. Save all shipping materials for possible
future use.
a. Remove the tape band from around the shipping
package.
b. Slide the styrofoam case out of the cardboard sur-
round.
c. Open the styrofoam case.
d. Remove the plastic film cover from the disk drive.
e. Inspect the disk drive for any shipment damage.
2.2.2 Repacking Procedure
To repackage a disk drive for reshipment, reverse the pro-
cedure in Section 2.2.1.
2-1

PLASTIC
FILM COVER
Figure 2-1 Unpacking Diagram
2-2

2.3 SYSTEM REQU:IREMENTS
This section describes the environmental, space and weight,
and power requirements.
2.3.1 Operating Environment
Install the dislt drive in any clean, relatively dust-free
environment with an ambient temperature of 50°F to ll3°F
(lOoe to 45°C) and relative humidity of 20% to 80%. The
maximum
ambient stray magnetic field is specified as 4000
Aim.
Typical heat dissipation by the disk dri ve is 22.3
Kcal/h (23.3 Kcallh with VFO).
2.3.2 Space and Weight Data
The disk drive is designed for vertical, horizontal, or
perpendicular shelf mounting. Provide space for cabling and
servicing. Refer to Figure 2-2 for overall dimensions. The
unit weighs 7.7 pounds (3.5 Kg).
Figure 2-2 Disk Drive Dimensions
2-3

2.3.3 Power Requirements
Because the disk dr i ve does not include a power supply, a
dc source must be supplied as follows.
~ SPECIFICATION
+24 V
POWER
SUPPLY
+5
V POWER SUPPLY
Voltage
+24 +
10%
+5 V + 5%
Normal Current
0.75 A
0.8 A
0.9 A
(Wi thout
VFO)
(With VFO)
Starting Current
0.9 A
0.8 A 0.9 A
(Without
VFO)
(With VFO)
Ripple voltage Not greater
than
Not greater than
400 mVpp
70 mVpp
Transient
response 200
ms
time
2.4 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Perform the following procedures to install the disk drive.
2.4.1 Preinstallation Inspection
a. Inspect for damage, loose parts, or other obvious
indications of problems. Check that all connectors
are tightly mated.
b. Remove the dummy flexible disk from the unit.
c. Insert a flexible disk through the door, press the
door handle to latch posi tion, and check that the
collet assembly engages the flexible disk wi thout
binding. Turn the spindle and check that the flex-
ible disk rotates freely.
d. Press the door handle and check that the flexible
disk is ejected.
2.4.2 Drive Designation
If more than one disk dr i ve is connected to the same con-
troller and the signal interface connectors are wired in
series from acommon controller port (daisy chain), remove
the terminating resistors from all disk dr ive PCBs except
the last uni t in the ser i es. Instr uctions for this pro-
cedure are provided in section 2.4.2.1. If more than one
disk drive is connected to a single controller, identify
each disk drive by an addressable number (DXl, DX2, DX3, or
DX4). Instructions for this procedure are provided in Sec-
tion 2.4.2.2.
2-4

2.4.2.1 Terminator Resistors
All disk drives are shipped with terminator resistor arrays
(RNI and RN2) installed as shown in Figure 2-3. Do not re-
move these resistors when only a single disk drive is used
in a system.
Do not remove these resistors when two or more disk drives
are served by a single controller but are connected in par-
allel as shown by (A) in Figure 2-4. However, if two or
more disk drives are connected to the controller on a common
line in series (daisy chain) as shown in (B) of Figure 2-4,
remove RNI and RN2 from each disk drive except the last one
in the circuit.
2.4.2.2 Drive Identification Selection (OX)
When only one dfLsk drive is used in a system, insert the
DRIVE SELECTION shorting plug (see Figure 2-3) to identify
that dr ive as DXI. When two or more disk dr ives are used
in a system (four maximum), assign each one a different OX
number and insert the shorting plug for that unit appropri-
ately (see Figure 2-3). The unit is supplied with DXI
selected.
2.4.2.3 Option Selection
The following section describes option selection on the
FDl165 PCB. See Figure 2-3 for the location of the selec-
tion plugs and pins and a configuration chart. See Chapter
3 for an explanation of the signals.
HEAD LOAD PLUG (HL)
When you select plug position 1, head load action is initi-
a ted by aHead r .. oad signal from the con troller. When you
select plug position 2, head load action is initiated by a
Drive Select signal from the controller. The unit is sup-
plied with HL 1 selected.
RADIAL READY PLUG (RX)
When you select plug position 1, the Ready signal sent from
the disk drive i.s gated by the Drive Select signal. When
you select plug position 2, the Ready signal is independent
of the drive select signal. The unit is supplied with RX 1
selected.
2-5

TP I I I I I
G89G
rerGl
us ~
211i:i11 RV1 RV 2
I RN 1l1
RX 22 FR1
E:::]1!!3
DRI E!!I211:!:!!) 2 Dl
PRI ~21r:::::::J2 DH
TPI I I I I I I I
7131019121118
1~~X3
22
1
:
•• ; 4 (-R-N-2-'
. 1I::::!J 2 HL
SS
T3 e:m::J T2
T1
l!I!I
2 as 11 BU 2
,,, •. i •.••
RD
2'· .... '1
[ID
RV3
DX1
DX2 DX3 DX4
1313131 3
~
••••
CJ
••
OX PLUG
•
~
•••
CJ
••••••
24242424
POS1
POS2
RX,Hl,DR,
PR,
Dl, DH,
1E:). 21 •
E:)2
BU, PLUGS
POS1 POS2
US,RD,
PINS
(SOLDER TYPE)
2. ----1
2----·1
POS1
POS2
BS,FR,
2. E31
2E3 ·1
PLUGS
T2,T3 T2 T3
PLUGS
T3·BT2
T3Ej,. T2
Figure 2-3 Terminator Resistor and Selection Plug
Location and Selection Plug Configuration on PCB
2-6