Olympus BHT-111 User manual

OLYMPUS
SYSTEM
MICROSCOPE
MOdCI
BHT

Thisinstruction
manual
has
been
written
for theuse
of theOlympus
System
Microscope
Model
BHT. lt is
recommended
thatyoureadthe
manualcarefully
in
orderto
familiarize
yourself
fully
with the use
of the microscope,
so
that you can
obtain
optimum
performance
from it.
IMPORTANT
Observe
the following points carefully:
I Operation
1. Always handlethe microscope
with the care it deserves,
and avoid abrupt motions.
2. Avoid the useand maintenance
of the microscope
in directsunlight,
hightemperature
and
humidity, dust andvibration.
Only use
the tension
adjustment
ring
for altering
thetension
of the coarse
adjustment
knobs.
(Do
not
twist
thetwocoarse
adjustment
knobs
in
opposite
directionssimultaneous-
ly,
asthis
will cause
damage.)
Make
sure
that
the
voltage
selector
switch
onthe
base
plate
is
setto conform
withthelocal
mains
voltage.
Makeit a point
of grounding
themicroscope
to prevent
electricaccidents.
I Maintenance
1. Lenses
mustalways
bekept
clean.
Carefully
wipe
off oil or fingerprints
deposited
onthe
lenssurfaces
with gauze
moistened
with asmall
amount
of xylene,alcohol
or ether.
2. Do not use
organicsolutions
to wipethe surfaces
of various
components.
Plastic
parts,
especially,
should
becleaned
with neutral
detergent.
3. Never
disassemble
the
microscope
for repair. Only
authorized
Olympus
service
personnel
should
make
repairs.
4. The microscope
should be covered
with the vinyl dust cover
provided
and storedin a place
free from humidity and fungi. For extended storage
it is
recommended
to keepobjectives
and eyepiecesin desiccators,
containing
desiccantssuch
as
silica
gel.
3.
4.
5.
pcfly.info

I. STANDARD
EOUIPMENT
II. NOM
ENCLATU
RE
III. ASSEM
BLY
IV. IDENTIFICATION
AND FUNCTION
V. OPE
RATION
A. Switching
on the LightSource
CONTENTS
VARIOUSCOMPONENTS
r'* ooir;.r;;;
OF
2
3
4
6
9
Voltage
AdjustmentandLight Intensity
Placementof a Specimen Slide
la"""rclassl
fStadl
Observation
Tube
1. InterpupillaryDistance
Adjustment
2. Diopter
Adjustment
3. LightPath
Selector
Condenser
Adjustment
1. Condenser
Centration
FieldlrisDi m
Aperture
lrisDiaphragm
FocusingAdjustment
1. Tension
of Coarse Adjustment
Knobs
and
Useof Rubber
Cap
for FineAdjustment
Knob
2. Pre-FocusingLever
3. Adjustment
of StageBlockHeight
F. Use
of lmmersionObjectives
G. Photomicrography
VI. OPTICAL
DATA . .'. .
VII. TROUBLESHOOTING
B. 10
11
C.
12
D.
13
E.
14
16
17
pcfly.info

t. STANDARD
EOUIPMENT
Component Model
BHT-11
1BHT-112BHT-312
Microscope
stand BHT-F 111
Line
cord UYCP 111
Observation
tubes Binocular
tube BH2-8130 110
Trinocular
tube BH2-TR30 001
Ouintuple
revolving
nosepiece BH2-5RE 111
Square
mechanical
stage
with right-hand BH2-SVR
lowdrive
coaxial
controls 111
Condensers Abbe
condenser BH2-CD 110
Swing-outcondenserBH2-SC 001
Halogen
lamP
holder LS-20H 111
Halogen
bulbs 6V20WHAL 222
Objectives
DAch.
4X,
D Ach.
10X,
DAch.
40X,
DAch.
100X
(oil) 1
each 00
D Plan4X,
D Plan10X,
D Plan
40X
D Plan100X
(oil) 01
each 1
each
Eyepieces WHK1OX 222
Photo
eyepiece NFKS'3X
Filter KB-4
001
111
lmmersion
oil,
bottled
Vinyldust
cover
Allen
wrench
111
111
111
pcfly.info

II. NOM
ENCLATURE
The Model BHT consists
of various components
and interchangeable
accessories
as
shown in the
photo below. A wide varietyof combinations,
standard
or optional,
isavailable
according
to your
req
u
i
re
ments.
Eyepiece
Halogen
lamp
holder
Observation
tube
Microscope
stand
Revolving
nosepiece
pcfly.info

III. ASSEMBLY
This picture illustrates
the sequential
procedure
of assembly.
The numbers
indicate
the
orderof assembly
of various
components.
Remove
dust
caps
before
mounting
components'
Takecare
to keep
all glass
surfaces
clean,
andavoid
scratching
the glass
surface'
NoTE: For numbers
@ @ and@ please
refer
to explanations
in
detail
onthe
next
page'
Specimen
holder Observation
tubeclamping
screw
Clamping
scre\n
s
Condenser
clamPi
ng
screw
NosePiece
%
I8..,,
Halogen
bulb
0
riri
@ -5l Halogen
lamp
- +l holcier
Condenser
(The N-A- scale
engravedon the con-
denser shou
ld face the
microscoPe front.)
Microscope
stand ;r --4--Ta- To AC
t-inercorO - @ outlet
Observation
tube
Circular
dovetai
Imount

@
Explanations
in detail
Mounting the stage
1) Loosen the stage
clamping
screw
O Ov
rotatingcounterclockwise.
(Fig.
1)
2) Insert the stage
into the mounting dove-
tail of the microscope
standslowly and
lockwith clampingscrew.
Mounting the revolving
nosepiece
1) L-oosen
the nosepiece clamping
screw
O.
(Fig.2)
2) Aligning the nosepiecedovetail slideto
the mounting
block@, push
in
the
nose-
piece
slowlyallthe way.
NOTE: Do not tilt or rock the nose-
piece while inserting
into the
mountinq
block.
Mounting the observation
tube
1) Loosen
theclamping
knob
e tutty. pull
spring-loaded
clamping knob O . This
will cause
the locating
pin @ to
withdraw.
(Fig.
3) lf the pin does
not, loosen
the
screw
further until the pin withoraws.
2) Witfrclamping
knob e pulled
out, insert
the circular dovetail of the observation
tube into the ring
dovetail.
3) Tighten
the clamping
knob.
Fis.
1
@
@
Fig.2
Fig.3

IV. IDENTIFICATION
AND
FUNCTION
OF
VARIOUS
COMPONENTS
Sliding
voltage
control
lever
Voltug" lowers
asthe lever
is
pulled
toward the microscope
front.
&
Light
path
selector
knob
The knob can be operated
in 3 positionsto deflect
the
light
as
desired.
Tension
adjustment
rlng
Clockwise
rotation increases
coarse
adjustment
tension'
Coarse
adjustment
knob
Coarse
adjustment
range:
26mm
Fine
adjustment
knob
Stage
clamPing
screw
Loosen
the screw
ano
thestage
canberotated.
Condenser
centering
knobs
Y-axis
low
drive
control
knob
Y excursion
range:50mm

_n Diopter
adjustment
flng
Field
iris
diaPhragm
ring
Arrow mark O +Q indicates
increase
in diaPhragm diameter'
Condenser
height
adjustment
knob
Pre-focusing
lever
Line
cord
I
<\,\.

c)
l-
o)
-P
:l
C)
Summary of Putting dre Microscope
into Operation
Model BHT
A. Match
the voltage
selector
switch
to localmainsvoltage
(page
g).
B. Switch
on the light
source
(page
9).
C. Place
a specimen
slideon the mechanical
stage
(page
9).
D. Coarse focus
with the 10X objective
(page
10. 13).
E. Make
interpupillarydistance
and
diopter
adjustments
(page
1l).
F. Adjustthecondenser
position
(page
12).
G. Swingin thedesired
objective.
H. Adjustlightintensity.
l. Finefocus.
J. Adjust aperture
irisdiaphragm
and
field irisdiaphragm
(page
12).
Adjustment of lllumination Systemfor Various objective Powers
*N.A. issomewhat
low,
but stillcompatible
with a 100X
objective.
(Cut off this page
at dotted line and put it on the wall nearthe microscopefor useasa reminder
of micro-
scopic procedure.)
Objective
magnif
ication Achromatic-
aplanatic
condenser
BH2.AAC
Swing-out
condenser
BH2-SC
Low power
condenser
BH2-UL-C
Compatible
Compatible
Compatible Swingin
top
lens
oL:yMPus

'-t
V. OPERATION
- A. Switching on the Light Source
1) Ascertain
that the voltage
selector
switch
O
is set to conform with the local
mains
volt-
ase. (Fig.
a)
lf the switch
is
not correctly
set,
adjust
it by
means
of the Allen wrench provided or a
i screwdriver.
T2) Place
the sliding
voltage
control lever
on the
I right sideof the microscope
base
to a posi-
tion closest
to you (low voltage
position).
Switch on the light source. (Fig.
)
Voltage Adjustment and Light Intensity
As you push
thecontrol
lever@
inthe direc-
tion of the arrow in order to obtain increas-
ing intensity
(Fig.
5), the LED readout
@
will display
the lamp
voltage.
B. Placement
of a Specimen
Slide
1) Rotate the coarse
adjustmentknobs O in
the directionof the arrow to rack
down the
stage
so that a specimen
slidecan be placed
on the stage.
(Fig.6)
NOTE: The rotation of the coarse
and fine
adjustment
knobs
in thedirection
of
the arrow will rackdown the stage.
2) Opening the spring-loaded
finger of the
specimen
holder with one hand, place a
specimen
slide
inside
the holder. (Fig.
7)
When the slide comes in contact with the
back of the specimen
holder,
slowly return
thespring-loaded
f
inger.
WARNING: lf the spring-loaded
finger is
returned
quickly, it may cause
damage
to the specimen
slide.
)} ..J
Fis.
5
1I'
Fig.4
Fis.6
Fig.7

a An Olympus
objective
engraved
"i60/0.17" requires
a cover
glass
of 0.17mm
thickness.
lf thenumerical
aperture
of the
objective
is
0.7
orhigher
(except
immersion
objectives)
and
no correction
collar
isprovided,
the resolving
power
deteriorates
to agreat
extentif cover
glass
thickness
deviates
from the above
listed
value'
NOTE: In
some
countries
aO.17
mm
cover
glass
corresponds
toa
designation
of#1%.
o A cover
glass
(O.4mm
thick)
for blood
counting,
etc.
can
be
used
withOlympusobjectives
except
D Plan
40X,S PlanApo 40X and
S Plan100X'
I Specimen
slides
0.8
mm to 1.5
mm thick
are
recommended
for Olympus objectives.
o Specimen
slides
0.8
mm to 1.2
mm thick are
recommended for the darkfield condenser
and the differentialinterference
contrast
con-
denser.
3) Bring
the portion of the specimen
for obser-
vation into the light path by means
of the
low drive
control
knobs.
(Fig.
B)
* Tighten the stageclamping screw O in the
microscoPe
front.
r-----------.'l
I
Stage
I
I The
specimen
holder
can
accommodate
two
standard
specimen
slides
simultaneously.
o The
specimen
holder
is
removable
to obtain
a large
unobstructed
stage
surface
to hold
specimens
uPto 55
mm
x 85
mm.
o To rotate
thestage
loosen
the
stage
clamping
screw
O andholding
this
screw,
rotate
the
stage
into
the
desired
direciton.
(Fig.
9)
@ Stage
clips
foruse
with
immersion
objectives.
(Fis.
i0)
A pair
of stage
clipsare
optionally
available
to hold
the
specimen
on the
stage,
eliminat-
ing
a specimen
drag
caused
byimmersion
oil
between
slide
and stage
surface.
T'he
clips
can be inserted
into the holesO provided
on the
specimen
holder.
Fig.
9
10
Fig.
10

F
c. Observation
Tube
Interpupillary
Distance
Adjustment
1) Click the i0X objective
into position.
2) Looking through the eyepieces
with both
eyes,
adjust
the interpupillary
distance
of
the binocular tube by adjusting the
knurled
dovetail
slides
O of the right
and
left eyepiece
tubeswith both hands
until
perfect
binocular
visionis
obtained.
(Fig.
11)
Diopter Adjustment
1) Look at the image
through the righteye-
piece with your right eye and focus on
the specimenwith the fine adjustment
knobs.
2) Next, look at the image
through the left
eyepiece
with your lefteye
and
rotate
the
diopter adjustment
ring O to focus on
the specimenwithout using the coarse
and fine adjustment
knobs. (Fig. 12)
Light Path
Selection
1) The trinocular
tube is provided
with a
light
path
selectorknob to direct
the light
to the observation tube and/or to the
photo tube in 3 positions.(Fig.
13)
1.
2.
3.
Fig.
i 1
Fis.
12
o
E\
ffilrF--s,* Fis.
13
The indicator
plate
isprovided
at the knobport to summarizetheusageof theabove
table;
it canbeconsulted
before
operating
theknob.
V: Viewer
(white
letter)
CV: Camera
& viewer
(yellow-green
letters)
C: Camera
(red
letter)
Thecolors
of theletters
correspond
with thecolorbands
on the knob
shaft.
KnobPosition
Pushed
inall
the
way
(v) Pulled
out halfway
(c.
v.) Pulled
out all
the
way
(c)
Amount
of light 1O0o/o
into binocular
tube 20%
BO%o
nto binocular
tube
nto photo tube lOO%
into
photo
tube
Applica-
tion
O Observation
@ Dark specimens
O Observationof exces-
^ sivelybright
specimens
€) Photo
micrography
(fo-
cusing
through
the bi-
nocular
tube)
Photomicrography
of
dark
specimens
11

D. CondenserAdjustment
1. Condenser
Centration
1)
Stop
downthe f
ield
iris
diaphragm
with
knurled
ring
O by rotating
inthe
direc-
tion
of the
arrow.
(Fig'
14)
2) Use the condenser
height adjustment
knob @ to move
the condenser
uP
and
down until an image
of the field dia-
phragm
canbe seen
clearly
in theeye-
oieces.
The rotation
of the knobin the
direction
of the arrowlowers
the con-
Field
of view
lf the
polygonal
image
of the iris
the field diaphragm
is
centered.
o The fieldiris
diaphragm
controts
the
diameter
of theray
bundle
impining
onthe
speci-
men surface
andtherefore,
by stopping
down
the fierd
diaphragm
until it isslightly
larger
than
the
field
of view,
it can
reduce
stray
light,
which
in
turn
increases
image
defi-
nition
and
contrast.
Fig.14
denser.
Field
iris
diaphragm ffi+o
Bring
the
field
iris
diaphragm
image
into
denser
centering
knobs
@. (Fig.
1a) thecenter
of thefield
of view
with thetwo con-
4)Widenthediameteroftheirisdiaphragmprogressive|y'
diaphragmbecomesinscribedinthefie|ditmeansthat
(Fig.
1
5)
Field lris DiaPhragm
Aperture
lris
DiaPhragm
o rn order to achieve
optimum objective
performance,
the opening
of the aperture rrs
diaphragm
should be matched
to the numerical
aperture
of the objective
in use' lt is
often preferable,
however,
to stop down the aperture
diaphragm
slightly
more than in-
dicated
by the objective
N.A. Thiswill result
in better
image
contrast,
increased
depth of
focus
and a flatter field.
After completing focus adjustment, re-
move one of the eyepieces
from the ob-
servation
tube and look into the empty
eyepiece tube. As You stoP down the
aperture
iris
diaphragm,
the image
of the
iris diaphragm
can be seen
in the object-
ive pupil. Adjust the opening of the
diaphragm
to match the N'A. of the ob-
jective in use. lf the specimen
is low in
contrast, it isrecommended
to stopdown
lo 70% - 8O%o
of theobjective
N.R' (Fig'
16)
Opening
of the
aperture
diaPhragm
Objective
exit
PuPil
12
Fig.
16

-.
. FocusAdjustment
1. Tension of Coarse
Ad
justment Knobs and
Fine Adjustment.
Although the tension of the coarseadjust-
ment knobs has been alreadyadjusted
for
optimum performance
by the manufacturer,
it ispossible
to personally
adjustthe tension
of the coarse
adjustment
for either
heavyor
light movement
depending
on the operator's
preference
by rotating the tension adjust-
mentrins
e. (Fig.
17)
The ringcan be rotated
by inserting a screwdriverinto oneof the holes
on the periphery
of
the ring. The clockwise
rotation (in the direction
of the arrow) tightens the coarseadjust-
ment knobs. Do not loosen
the ring too much, becausethe stage
may drop or the fine
adjustment
knobsmay slip.
NOTE: Do not rotatethe right and left coarse
adjustment
knobs
in the
opposite
directions
simultaneously.
lf the stage
dropsand the specimen
goes
out of focus,
thetension
adjustment
ring is too loose.Tighten the ring.
Use
of Rubber
Capfor Fine Adjustment Knob
Attaching this cap over the fine adjustment
knob increases the sensitivity
of the fine
focus-
ing motion. (The
rubber
cap
is
optionallyavail-
able.)
2. Pre-FocusingLever
This lever
@ is provided
to prevent
possible
contact betweenspecimen
and objective
as
well as
to simplify
coarse
focusing.
(Fig.
1B)
The lever is locked after coarse
focus has
been accomplished. This prevents further
upward travelof the stage
by meansof the
coarse
adjustment
knobs,
andautomatically
provides
a limitingstoplf thestageis
lowered
and then raisedagain.The pre-focusing
lever
does
not restrict
f
ine focusing.
3. Adjustment of Stage
Block Height
ln addition
to the vertical
movementof the
stage
by means
of coarse and fine adjust-
ments,the stage
block heightcanbechanged
for observation of specimens'which are
thickerthan standardslides,
e.g.chambers,
flasks,
etc.with much larger
thickness.
The stage
block height can be adjusted
by
loosening
the stage
block lockingscrew O'19
Then,
dislocate
the
After loweringthe
with theAllen wrench
provided
and
retighteningit at the upper
position.
lower limit stop pin beneaththe stage
block into a lowertapped hole.
stage
block,
reclamp
the stageblock
locking
screw
@. (Fig.
19)
t-
t: t\..
Er r \
I t----l
ll---ri--- | | |
It---: | | t
l.: l/
Fig.
17
F
is.18
13

F. Useof lmmersion Objectives
1) Focus
the specimen
with a low power objective.
2) put a drop of immersion
oil on the specimen
slide
and the front lensof the immersion
objective.
3) Turn the revolving
nosepiece
to bringthe immersion
objective
intothe light
path,
and
focus
with the fine adjustment
knobs.
NOTE: O For immersion
condensers
suchas an achromatic-aplanatic
condenser
or Abbe
condenser,
remove
the specimen
from the mechanical
stage
and place
a drop of
immersion
oil on the front lens
of the condenser.
Then, place
the specimen
on
the stage
and slowlyraise
the condenser
until firm contact
with the underside
of
thesPecimen
slide
is
made.
@ Care
shouid
betaken
to prevent
oil bubbles
from forming in the oil film between
condenser
and
specimen
slide.lf any,re-apply
immersion
oil, for these
bubbles
greatly
deteriorate
the lens
performance.
@ After usecarefully
wipe off the immersion
oil deposited
on the lens
surfaces
with gauze
moistened
with xylene. Never
leave
oil on the lens
surfaces
after
use
as
oil remnants
will seriously
impairthe performance
of the lens
system.
G. PhotomicrograPhY
The Olympus photomicrographic
Equipment
Model PM-1OAD
is uniquely
qualified
to be
used
with the BHT microscope
for routine and advanced
photomicrography.
A separate,
detailed
instruction
manual
is
available
for the PM-1OAD
camera
system'
For quick reference,
however,
you may want to referto the following pointerswhenusing
the PM-104D-
1. Photographic
EYePiece
Use
NFK photo eyepieces
for photomicro-
graPhY.
Insert
the eyepiece
intothe eyepiece
tube
of
the photo tube. (Fig.
20)
Fig.
20
2. Mounting the PhotograPhic
Unit
Slip
the body of the photographic
unit overthe
photo tube. Align thedots
on photo tubeand
the
PM-iOAD
bodyand
clamp
the
camera
unit
to the photo tube. (Fig.21)
3. Setting the Light Path Selector
Refer
to section
C.3.
on Page
1
1. Fis.21
14

4. FocusingProcedure
Usethefieldof vieweyepieces for focusing
on thefilm plane.
Each
fieldof vieweyepiece
hasa focusing front lensand
a reticlewith 4 frames, each
frame
indicatingtheareacovered
by a specific powerNF
K photoeyepeice.
(Fig.22!-.
The numberat eachframe indicatesthe
magnificationof the photo eyepiece.
The
imagein the fieldof vieweyepiece and
the
image
on the film plane
are
in focus at the
sametime. Several
type field of view eye-
pieces
are available,
according
to the film
size
employed.
Fieldof view eyepiece 35WHKl OX PWH
Kl OX 4X5WHK
1OX MHWHKl OX
Attachmentcamera 35mmBack 3T+"x 4Y+"
Polaroid
Back
4" x5"
Sheet
Film
or
Polaroid
Film
Holder
16
mm
Bolex
camera
120Roll
Film
Holder
1)Selectthefieldof vieweyepiecematching
thecameraback in use andinsertit into the
righteyepiece
tube
of thetrinocular
tube,
aligning
locating
groove
andlocating
pin.
2) While lookingthrough
thefield
of vieweyepiece,rotate
theeyepiecefront lens
in
screw
mountto focus on thedoublecross
linesin
the
field. For
sharp
focusing
with objectives
4X or lower,
thefocusing magnifier
FT isrecommended.
3) Bringthe specimen
detail
to be photographed within the frame correspondingto the
power
of the NFK eyepiece
in use
and
focus
on thespecimen with the microscopefine
adjustment
knobs.Make
surethe lightpath selector
knobon the observation
tube is
either
on thewhite (V) or yellowgreen
(CV)
band.
4) lt is recommendedto tightenthe tensionadjustmentringconsiderablyto prevent
the
stage
from droppingduring
long
exposures.
Fig.22
15

J*j.=1"
't
i
VI. OPTICAL
DATA
o Resolving
power:
o Focal
depth:
o Field
number:
* lmmersion
objectives
Theresolving
Power
and
Technical
terms:
o Working
distance:
o Numerical
aperture:
focal
depth
are
obtained
withfully opened
aperture
diaphragm'
The distance
from the cover
glass
to the nearest
pointof the
objective.
The N.A. represents
a performance
number
which
can
becom-
pared
to the relative
aperture
(f-number)
of acamera
lens.
The
N.A. values
can be used
for directly
comparing
the resolving
powers
of all
types
of objectives.
The
larger
theN.A.,
thehigher
resolving
power.
The
ability
ofa
lens
to register
smalldetails.
The
resolving
power
of a lens
ismeasured
by itsability
to separate
two points.
Thedistance
between
the
upper
and
lower
limits
of sharpness
in
the image
formed
by anoptical
system.
As you stop
down
the
aperture
iris diaphragm,
the focaldepthbecomes
larger.
The
larger
the N.A. of an objective
the shallower
thefocal
depth.
A number
that represents
thediameter
in mm of the image
of
the field diaphragm
that is formed
by the lens
in front of it.
o Field
of view
diameter: Theactual
size
of the
f
ield
of view
inmm
onthe
object
surface.
i.il
tii
lrl
1,,
Objective
Eyepiece
Type D Achromat D Plan
Ach.
Magnifi-
cation 4X 10x 40x 100x* 4X 10x 40x 100x*
N.A. 0.10 o.25 0.65 1.30 0.10 o.25 0.65 1.25
W.D.
(mm) 18.2 7.2 0.6 o.20 7.03 7.4 o.27 o.17
Focal length
(mm) 30.03 16.9 4.58 1.91 34.23 17.5 4.67 1.75
Resolving
power (r) 3.36 1.34 o.52 o.26 3.36 1.34 o.52 o.27
WHKlOX
(Field
number
201
Total mag. 40x 100x 400x 1000x 40x 100x 400x 1000x
Focal
depth (p) 171.6 27.45 3.0 o.7 171.6 27.45 3.0 o.7
Fieldof
view (mm) 520.5 o.2 520.5 o.2
16

VII. TROUBLESHOOTING
lf you are
unableto obtain
table
belowas
pointers
for full performance
fromyourmicroscope,
please
consult
withthe
troubleshooting.
Phenomenon Cause Remedy
1. Optical
System
a) With illuminator
switched
on, the field of view is
dark.
Field iris diaphragm
is not
opened
sufficiently. Open diaphragm
to proper
diameter.
Condenser is lowered too
much. Adjustcondenserheight.
Light path selectorlever is
pulled
out
to C
position. Push
in leverup to CV or V
position.
b) Field
of view
is
cutoff or
i
Ilum
inated
irregularly. Light path selector
lever is
stoppedmidway. Ctick it into properposition
accordingto your purpose.
Nosepiece
is not clicked
into
place. Slightly
rotate
nosepieceuntil
it clicks
into
place.
Nosepiece
is not correctly
mounted. Insertnosepiecedovetail
into
microscopeframe
all
theway,
thenlock.
The powerof objective
used
exceeds
the illuminationca-
pacity
of condenser.
Choosea condenser
to meet
yourpurpose.
Condenser
is not centered. Centercondenser.
Field
iris
diaphragm
is
stopped
downexcessively. Open diaphragm
to proper
diameter.
c) Dust or dirt is visible
in
the
f
ield
ofview. Dust,etc.on lightexit lens. Remove
dust,etc.
Clean
front lenses.
Dust on condenser
top lens.
Dirtyspecimen.
Dustoneyepiece.
d) Excessive
image
contrast. Condenseris lowered too
much. Adjust
condenserheight.
Aperture iris diaphragmis
stoppeddownexcessively. Open diaphragrn
to proper
diameter.
17

e) Resolution
Problems:
o lmage
is
not
sharP.
o Insufficient
contrast.
o lmage
details
lack
defi-
nition.
Insert
nosePiece
dovetail
into
microscope
frame
all
the
waY,
then
lock.
Nosepiece
is not correctlY
mounted.
Click
nosePiece
into
Place.
Objective is not correctlY
positionedin the light Path. R
otate
correction
col
lar,
keep-
ing specimen
in fine focus
until oPtimum
resolution
is
obtained.
Objective
correction
collaris
notadjusted.
Clean
front lens.
Duston objective
front lens'
Use
immersion
oil.
lmmersionobjectiveis not
used
withimmersion
oil. Remove
bubbles
(and reap-
ply
oil).
Bubbles
in
immersion
oil'
Use
OlymPus
immersion
oil.
lmmersion
oil designated
bY
Olympus
is
not
used.
Dirty
specimens.
Dust
oncondenser
lens. lnsert
nosePiece
dovetail
into
microscope
frame
all
the
waY,
then
lock.
Nosepiece
is not correctlY
mounted.
f
) Field
of view is PartiallY
out of focus,
or image
is
PartlY
outof focus. Slightly
rotate
nosePiece
until
it clicks
in
place.
Objective is not correctlY
positioned
in
thelight
Path. Place
specimen
slide
correctlY
on stage,
and
Place
stage
cliPs
open
it.
Specimen is not correctlY
positionedonstage.
Insert
nosePiece
dovetail
into
microscope
frame
all
the
waY,
then
lock.
Nosepiece
is not correctlY
mounted.
g) Specimen
image
isPartial-
ly outof focus.
SlightlY
rotate
nosePiece
until
it clicks
into
Place.
Objective is not correctlY
positioned
in the light
Path. Center
condenser.
Condenser
is
notcentered.
h) Field of view becomes
only slightlY
brighter
bY
increasing
voltage. Adjust
condenser
height.
Condenseris lowered too
much.
2. Electric
System Match selector switch to
mains
voltage.
Line voltage
selector
switch
is not matched
with local
mains
voltage.
a) llluminator
is too bright
(or too dark) even
when
adjusting
control
lever.
b) Voltage
forilluminator
cannot
beraised.