PASCO Pasport PS-2152 User manual

Instruction Manual
012-08856B
800-772-8700 [phone]
www.pasco.com [email protected]
Spirometer
PS-2152
Introduction
The PASPORT Spirometer allows students to collect accurate air-flow data from a pulmonary function
test (PFT). The subject breathes through a sanitary, single-use mouthpiece as data is recorded and
Included Equipment Part Number
(1) Electronics enclosure and handle PS-2152
(2) Single-use mouthpiece (2 included) (see below)
Additional Equipment Required
PASCO interface See PASCO catalog or www.pasco.com
PASCO Data Collection Software See PASCO catalog or www.pasco.com
Additional Equipment Recommended
Additional single-use mouthpieces PS-2522 (10-pack)
(2) (1)
For Educational Use Only! Note: This is not a medical device. It is designed for educational use
only and should not be used in any medical process such as life support or patient diagnosis. It is
also not intended for use in graduate research or industry including industrial control or any type of
industrial testing.

Spirometer Safety
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displayed on your computing device. From the graphed data students can measure
tidal volume, forced expiratory volume, and other important lung volumes and
capacities.
Safety
Read the instructions before using this product. Students should be supervised
by their instructors. When using this product, follow the instructions in this
manual and all local safety guidelines that apply to you.
Do not share mouthpieces.
In medical settings, pulmonary function tests are performed under the
supervision of a medical professional. When using a spirometer without medical
supervision, use extra caution. A person with a medical condition that may be
affected by a pulmonary function test should not use the PASCO Spirometer.
Discontinue use if the subject encounters breathing difficulty or discomfort.
How it works
When the test subject breathes through the mouthpiece, a screen in the mouthpiece
induces a minute resistance to the air flow. This resistance leads to a pressure
differential across the screen that is measured via two air lines that lead to a
differential pressure transducer in the electronics enclosure. The Spirometer
contains onboard reference data of differential pressures from known flow rates (a
non-linear relationship). It determines the test subject's flow rate by comparing the
measured differential pressure to the stored reference data. It calculates volume
exchanged by integrating the flow rate over time.
Sensor Setup
Connect a mouthpiece to the handle; note the small pin on the mouthpiece and the
aligning notch on the handle. Connect the electronics enclosure of the sensor to
your PASPORT interface.
(When you remove a used mouthpiece, pull it straight out from the handle without
rocking or wiggling it.)
Data Collection
• For information about collecting, displaying, and analyzing data, refer to the
Online Help System for the PASCO Data Collection Software.
Your PASCO interface and data collection software will record Flow Rate and Max
Flow Rate (in liters/second) and Total Flow (in liters), at a sampling rate of 50 Hz.
Flow Rate is the rate at which air flows through the mouthpiece. Air expired from the
lungs is measured as positive flow, inspired air as negative.
Max Flow Rate is the
maximum exhaled flow rate measured during the test. The sensor calculates
Mouthpiece and
Handle

PS-2152 Data Collection
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012-08856B
Flow Volume by integrating Flow Rate data over time. Flow Volume is the net
volume of expired air (total expired volume minus total inspired volume).
Connect the sensor to the interface and connect the interface to your computing
device (such as a computer, tablet, or smart phone). Launch the data collection soft-
ware. Set up a graph display of “Total Flow” versus “Time” to show the Pulmonary
Function Test (PFY) datata.
Pulmonary Function Test Procedure
1. Use a nose clip or have the test subject
hold his or her nose to ensure that all
breathing is done through the mouth.
2. Hold the mouthpiece of the Spirometer
stationary and away from air currents
(including expired air). Start data
collection; note the flashing red WAIT
indicator on the sensor. Wait until the
green READY indicator is illuminated
before you move the mouthpiece or
expose it to air currents.
3. After the green READY indicator has
illuminated, place the tapered end of the
mouthpiece
between the test subjects’s
front teeth
with the lips creating a seal to
ensure that all inspired and expired air
flows through the mouthpiece.
4. Have the test subject perform the following
sequence of breathing:
• Breathe quietly for about four breaths
• Perform a forced inspiration followed
immediately by a maximum-effort forced
expiration*.
• Breath quietly for two breaths.
5. Stop data collection.
Procedure Notes
Observing the following conditions will allow you to collect consistent and accurate
data.
• You may need to run the test a few times in order to get satisfactory data.
• The subject should sit up or stand comfortably.
• Talk the subject through each inspiration and expiration (this will prevent the
subject from being distracted by counting breathes or remembering the
sequence.)
Indicator
Lights
*When performing the forced
inspiration and expiration, the
subject should try to fill his or
her lungs to maximize
capacity, then exhale as fast
and completely as possible.

Spirometer Interpretation of PFT Data
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• Do not allow the test subject to see the data as it is collected.
• Use a nose clip, or have the subject pinch his or her nose during the test.
• Place the mouthpiece and handle on a table before you start data collection.
Do not pick it up until the red WAIT indicator has stopped blinking and the
green READY indicator is illuminated. While the WAIT indicator is blinking,
the sensor is measuring the ambient pressure in order to establish a baseline
reading. It is important not to expose the sensor to any pressure change or
airflow during the wait period.
• The electronics enclosure contains a high-resolution differential pressure
sensing element that is sensitive to orientation. The orientation with respect to
vertical or horizontal is not important, but it must remain constant during the
wait period and data collecting.
• Single-use mouthpieces are intended for a single test occasion, which may
include several tests with the same individual. However, with each test, liquid
and particles can accumulate on the screen of the mouthpiece, which
increase the resistance to air flow, leading to unrealistically high readings of
Flow Rate and Total Volume in subsequent tests. Replace the mouthpiece if
you observe evidence of screen contamination. For the most accurate results,
use a new mouthpiece for every test.
Interpretation of PFT Data
Total Flow vs. Time
TV
ERV
IRV
FEV1.0
IC
VC
1 sec.

PS-2152 Interpretation of PFT Data
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Total Flow is the
net volume of air that flows out from the lungs through the
Spirometer, equal to the total expired volume minus the total inspired volume. View
the graph of Total Flow vs. Time. Four specific lung volumes and two lung
capacities can be interpreted from this graph.*
*Use the built in analysis tools in the data collection software to measure the quantities from the graph
Tidal Volume (TV) is the volume of one breath, or the amount of air moved into and
out of the lungs during quiet breathing (breathing without effort).
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is the amount of air moved out of the lungs
during a forced expiration, beyond the level of tidal expiration.
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) is the amount of air moved into the lungs during a
forced inspiration, beyond the level of tidal inspiration.
Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1.0) is the volume of air moved out of
the lungs in the first second of a forceful expiration following a maximal inspiration.
Inspiratory Capacity (IC) is the maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a
normal expiration (IC = TV + IRV).
Vital Capacity (VC) is the maximum
movable amount of air contained by the lungs
(VC = TV + IRV + ERV).
FEV1.0% = FEV1.0  VC × 100% is a common comparison of FEV1.0 to VC.

Spirometer Interpretation of PFT Data
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Lung Volume vs. Time
Lung Volume is the constantly-changing amount of air in the lungs. A spirometer
can measure how it changes, but cannot directly measure its absolute value. Lung
volume can be calculated if one of two specific absolute volumes, residual volume
(RV) or functional residual capacity (FRC), is known or estimated.
Residual volume (RV) is the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a
forced expiration. A typical RV is 1.2 L.
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the amount of air left in the lungs after a
normal expiration (FRC = RV + ERV). A typical FRC is 2.5 liters.
The formula for Lung Volume is:
Lung Volume = V0 - TotalFlow
V0 is the lung volume when the subject first starts to breath through the Spirometer.
Set V0 equal to the subject's FRC, or 2.5 L. Once you have acquired data, you may
need to adjust V0 so that the graph reflects the subject's known or estimated FRC or
RV.*
TV
ERV
IRV
FEV1.0
IC
VC
1 sec.
RV
FRC
TLC
*See the Online Help
for instructions on
entering and graphing
this calculation.

PS-2152 Factors That May Affect Results
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012-08856B
Factors That May Affect Results
In your graphs of Total Flow and Lung Volume, you may notice a slow drift or slight
fluctuation in the baseline. These can be eliminated, in most cases, as described
below. Note that slow baseline changes usually do not significantly affect the
measurements of volumes and capacities that you take from the graphs.
• Air pressure changes in the environment during the measurement period can
influence the sensor readings. Sources of such pressure changes include
doors opening or closing, heating/cooling/ventilation systems starting or
stopping, and air movement within the testing room. In most cases
environmental pressure variation is tolerably low over the typical 30-second
test period.
• The sensor calculates Total Flow by integrating the measured Flow Rate over
time. Because of this time integration, a very small offset in the Flow Rate
measurement may result in a noticeable upward or downward trend in the
baseline of the Total Flow (or Lung Volume) data. This trend usually does not
have a significant effect on the volume and capacity measurements taken
from the graph, since each measurement is made between two data points
recorded within a few seconds. In the data collection software you can
eliminate the trend with this calculation:
Total Flow = integral((1 - inrange(0, .03, abs(smooth(10, R)))) * R)
• Define R as the Flow Rate. Use the calculated data in place of the data
directly from the sensor. If the trend is still apparent, increase the “.03”
parameter so that it is slightly larger than Flow Rate offset.
Troubleshooting
Problem Solutions
Drift or fluctuation in the
baseline of Total Flow or Lung
Volume
Slow drift (less than 0.3 L in 30 s) is insignificant and can be ignored.
Protect the mouthpiece from movement, air currents and pressure changes while the
WAIT indicator is blinking.
Do not move the electronics enclosure during the entire test.
Use the calculation described above.
Large shift in baseline of Total
Flow or Lung Volume after
forced expiration
Use a nose clip or have the subject pinch his or her nose to prevent airflow through
the nose.
Ensure a good seal of the subject's lips around the mouthpiece.
Replace the mouthpiece with an unused one.
Unrealistically high Total Flow
or Flow Rate readings
Protect the mouthpiece from movement, air currents and pressure changes while the
WAIT indicator is blinking.
Replace the mouthpiece with an unused one.

Spirometer Specifications
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Specifications
The spirometer is an educational instrument. It is not designed, tested, or intended
for medical use.
Technical Support
For assistance with any PASCO product, contact PASCO at:
Limited Warranty
PASCO scientific warrants the product to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of
one year from the date of shipment to the customer. PASCO will repair or replace, at its option, any part of
the product, which is deemed to be defective in material or workmanship. The warranty does not cover
damage to the product caused by abuse or improper use. Determination of whether a product failure is the
result of a manufacturing defect or improper use by the customer shall be made solely by PASCO scientific.
Responsibility for the return of equipment for warranty repair belongs to the customer. Equipment must be
properly packed to prevent damage and shipped postage or freight prepaid. (Damaged caused by improper
packing of the equipment for return shipment will not be covered by the warranty.) Shipping costs for
returning the equipment after repair will be paid by PASCO scientific.
Copyright
The PASCO scientific 012-08856B
Spirometer Instruction Manual is copyrighted with all rights reserved.
Permission is granted to non-profit educational institutions for reproduction of any part of this manual,
providing the reproductions are used only in their laboratories and classrooms, and are not sold for profit.
Reproduction under any other circumstances, without the written consent of PASCO scientific, is prohibited.
Trademarks
PASCO and PASCO scientific are trademarks or registered trademarks of PASCO scientific, in the United
States and/or in other countries. All other brands, products, or service names are or may be trademarks or
service marks of, and are used to identify, products or services of, their respective owners. For more
information visit www.pasco.com/legal.
Product End of Life Disposal Instructions:
This electronic product is subject to disposal and recycling regulations that vary by country
and region. It is your responsibility to recycle your electronic equipment per your local
environmental laws and regulations to ensure that it will be recycled in a manner that
protects human health and the environment. To find out where you can drop off your waste
equipment for recycling, please contact your local waste recycle/disposal service, or the
place where you purchased the product.
The European Union WEEE (Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment).symbol (to the right) and on the
product or its packaging indicates that this product must not be disposed of in a standard waste container.
Total Flow 5% accuracy when used as described above
Default Sampling Rate 50 Hz
Flexible Air Lines 90 cm
Address: PASCO scientific
10101 Foothills Blvd.
Roseville, CA 95747-7100
Phone: [phone] (worldwide)
800-772-8700 (U.S)
Web: www.pasco.com
Email: [email protected]
Portions of this manual were reviewed by
A. Greenwell and T. Kjos, Sacramento City
College, Biology Department, Sacramento
California USA..