PASCO ME-7001 User manual

PASCO Structures System Instruction Manual
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Human Structures Set
ME-7001
The Human Arm Model is one of three models that can be constructed at the same time with the ME-7001 Human Struc-
tures Set. The set consists of items from the following members of the PASCO Structures System.
The Human Structures Set also includes a 30 meter spool of rubber cord (ME-8986) and a plastic storage box (not shown).
Structure System Qty Structure System Qty
ME-6993 Truss Set Members 2 sets ME-6998A Axles 1 set
ME-6994 Truss Set Screws 5 sets ME-6999A Angle Connectors 1 set
ME-6996 Cord Lock Spares 1 set ME-7002 Connector Spares 2 sets
ME-6997 Full Round Connectors 1 set ME-7008 Structures Member 6 1 set
Human Arm Model

Human Structures Set Introduction
2012-13878A
Other PASCO equipment is closely related to the Human Structures Set.
*See the PASCO catalog or PASCO web site (www.pasco.com) for more information
Introduction
The ME-7001 Human Structures Set is one part of the PASCO Structures System. The Human Structures Set can be used
as a stand-alone set and it can also be combined with other parts of the PASCO Structures System. The set includes all of
the items necessary to build one each of the following: Human Arm Model, Human Back Model, Human Leg Model. A
Load Cell and Amplifier Set (PS-2199) can be added to measure compression and tension forces in the human structure
models.
Related Equipment
Load Cell Amplifier (PS-2198) - Can plug in up to six Load Cells; requires a PASPORT interface to connect to the USB
port of a computer.
Load Cell and Amplifier Set (PS-2199) - Load Cell Amplifier (PS-2198) with four 100 N Load Cells (PS-2200).
Included Items Qty Included Items Qty
#6 Beam (36 cm long) 24 Axle (2 each of 3 lengths) 6
#5 Beam (24 cm long) 16 Drive Wheel and Tire 4
#4 Beam (17 cm long) 36 Pulley 12
#3 Beam (11.5 cm long) 36 Collet 24
#2 Beam (8 cm long) 16 Spacer 12
#1 Beam (5.5 cm long) 16 Screw (6-32) 375
Flat Connector 6 Small “O” Ring (1-5/16” OD) 12
Full Round Connector 6 Large “O” Ring (3-5/8” OD) 4
Half Round Connector 56 Nut and Bolt (for PAStrack) 6
Angle Connector 24 Cord Tensioning Clip 32
Sliding Connector 12 Yellow Cord 1 roll
Straight Connector 24 Rubber Cord 1 roll
Recommended Equipment Recommended Equipment
Hooked Mass Set (SE-8759) Large Slotted Mass Sets (ME-7566 or ME-7589)
Related Equipment Related Equipment
PS-2198 Load Cell Amplifier PS-2201 5-N Load Cell
PS-2199 Load Cell and Amplifier Set PS-2205 Displacement Sensor
PS-2200 100-N Load Cell PS-2206 Dual Load Cell Amplifier
PASPORT Interface* Data Acquisition Software*

Model No. ME-7001 About the Components
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100 N Load Cell (PS-2200) - Strain gauges mounted on a beam with no electronics so a Load Cell requires a Load Cell
Amplifier (PS-2198) or Dual Load Cell Amplifier PS-2206).
5 N Load Cell (PS-2201) - Strain gauges mounted on a beam with no electronics so a Load Cell requires a Load Cell
Amplifier or Dual Load Cell Amplifier.
Displacement Sensor (PS-2205) - A PASPORT Sensor and a digital displacement indicator designed to measure the
deflection of parts of a structure.
Dual Load Cell Amplifier (PS-2206) - Can plug in one or two Load Cells; requires a PASPORT interface to connect to
the USB port of a computer.
About the Components
Beams
There are six sizes of plastic I-Beams, labeled #1 through #7. Beam #1 is the shortest beam.
Assembling Beams
All beams attach to connectors in the same way. Use the included screws (6-32, slotted) to attach beams to a connector
(such as the half round connector) as illustrated.
Attaching Cords
When attaching cords for lateral bracing or for suspension or cable-stayed bridges, Cord Tensioning Clips are used to
assist in adjusting the tension in the cords.
The Cord Clip does not come apart. It is best to thread the cord through the clip before the clip is installed on the structure.
Prepare to thread the cord by holding the top half of the clip as shown in Figure 2a so the two halves of the clip will sepa-
rate, leaving an opening through which the cord is threaded. The cord is inserted into the end opposite the pointed end of
the clip. The cord should be looped back through the clip as shown in Figure 2c. Then the Cord Clip can be used in the
structure, using a screw to tighten the clip shut. To adjust the cord tension, loosen the screw and pull on the cord to the
desired tension and then tighten the screw.
Figure 1: Attaching beams to connectors
Screw
Beam
Connector
Figure 2a: Hold half of
the cord clip so the
two halves separate
Figure 2b: Loop the
cord back through the
cord clip
Figure 2c: The cord
goes around the
screw hole
Figure 2d: The cord clip is
ready to be attached to the
structure using a screw

Human Structures Set About theComponents
4012-13878A
Connectors
Half Round Connector: The half round connector has eight slots, labeled A
through H, for accepting beams.
Full Round Connector: The full round connector has eleven slots, labeled A
through H and X, Y, and Z, for attaching beams
Flat Connector: The flat connector has eight slots, labeled A through E, and X,
Y, and Z, for attaching beams.
Straight Connector: The straight connector can connect two beams to make a
longer beam.
Angle Connector: The angle connector can allow a beam to be connected to a
half round connector, full round connector, or flat connector at an angle differ-
ent than zero, 45, or 90 degrees. The Angle Connector also allows for a small
adjustment of the length of the beam.
Sliding Connector: The sliding connector allows one beam to be connected to
another beam at any position along the length of the second beam. To use the
sliding connector, loosen the thumbscrew and rotate the top “jaw” to the side.
Place the beam onto the lower part of the connector, rotate the top “jaw” into
place, and tighten the thumbscrew.
Nut and Bolt for PAStrack: The square nut and bolt can be used with a flat connector to fasten a
structure to a PASCO PAStrack (see the PASCO catalog or web site at www.pasco.com for infor-
mation about PAStrack equipment.)
Axles, Pulleys, Spacers, Collets, and Drive Wheels
Axles: There are two each of three different lengths: 10.4 cm (4.1 in), 21.3 cm (8.4
in), and 26.6 cm (10.5 in). Each axle is 0.635 cm (0.250 in) in diameter.
Pulleys: There are twelve pulleys, each 3.175 cm (1.250 in) in diameter and 0.558
cm (0.220 in) wide. To make a wheel, put one of the small “O” rings into the pul-
ley’s groove.
Spacers and Collets: There are twelve spacers, each 0.635 cm (0.250 in) inside
diameter, 1.25 cm (0.50 in) outside diameter, and 0.635 cm (0.250 in) wide.Collets:
There are twenty-four collets that can be used with screws (6-32) to hold pulleys
and spacers in place on an axle.
Drive Wheel with Tire: There are four drive wheels with tires. The drive wheel can
be attached to an axle using a thumbscrew. To attach the wheel firmly to the axle,
line up a hole on the axle with the thumbscrew hole on the wheel. If the rubber tire is removed, the wheel can be used as a
large pulley.
Half Round
Full Round Flat
Straight Angle
Figure 3: Connectors
Sliding
I-Beam #1
“Jaw”
Figure 4: Nut and
Bolt for PAStrack
Figure 5: Axle items
Axle
O-Ring
PulleySpacer
Collet
Drive
Wheel
Top view

Model No. ME-7001 Adding Load Cells
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Adding Load Cells
To measure the compression and tension forces in individual
members, add load cells (e.g., PASCO Model PS-2200) to any
PASCO Structure. Replace a beam with two shorter beams and
a load cell.
#5 beam = load cell + two #3 beams
#4 beam = load cell + two #2 beams
#3 beam = load cell + two #1 beams
Use thumbscrews to attach two beams to a load cell as shown in
the Figure.
When using load cells, assemble your structure with the screws loose. This will simplify the analysis by ensuring that the
members experience only tension and compression without moments.
See the instructions that came with the load cells for details about how to connect the load cells to an interface or datalog-
ger and collect data.
Calibration of Load Cells
Load cells are factory calibrated; however, you can re-calibrate them in software
or on the datalogger. Assemble the fixture shown in Figure 10 to support the load
cell. See the documentation for your software or datalogger for instructions.
When calibrating a load cell, it is necessary to apply a known load. Hold or clamp
the fixture at the edge of a table and hang a mass from it as shown.
Note that the hanging mass applies tension to the load cell; therefore the known
force that you enter into the software or datalogger should be a negative value.
For example, if the mass is 1.0 kg, the applied force is -9.8 N.
Figure 6: A load cell combined with two #2 beams is
the same length as a #4 beam
Figure 7: Calibration
fixture
Load Cell
Mass

Human Structures Set Human ArmModel
6012-13878A
The following list shows the number of each item needed for a particular model.
Human Arm Model
The Human Arm Model consists of a “shoulder” that serves as the base of the model, an “upper arm” with Load Cells for
the biceps muscle and triceps muscle, and a “lower arm” or “forearm”.
Item Arm Leg Back Total
Half Round Connector 14 16 22 52
Full Round Connector 112 4
Flat Round Connector 312 6
Straight Connector 34815
Angle Connector 8 3 12 23
Sliding Connector 022 4
#6 Beam 58821
#5 Beam 60915
#4 Beam 9 8 13 30
#3 Beam 5141231
#2 Beam 1 3 12 16
#1 Beam 74415
Cord Tensioning Clip 71 614
Short Axle 110 2
Medium Axle 110 2
Long Axle 002 2
Pulley 002 2
Drive Wheel 010 1
Collet 034 7
Spacer 206 8
Screw 83 83 142 307

Model No. ME-7001 Human Arm Model
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Shoulder (Base)
The shoulder part of the Human Arm Model uses Half Round Connectors, various I Beams, Cord Tensioning Clips, and
Yellow Cord. NOTE: Don’t tighten the cords yet.
#5
#5 #5
#5 #5
#4
#4
#4
#4
#6
#6
Half
Round*
*All connectors are
Half Round Connectors
Cord
Tensioning
Clip
Cord
Tensioning
Clip
Cord
Tensioning
Clip
Thread the cord
through a hole and
secure with a knot.
Securewith
a knot.
Securewith
a knot.
Securewith
a knot.
Yellow
Cord

Human Structures Set Human ArmModel
8012-13878A
Upper Arm Parts
The upper arm parts of the Human Arm Model uses Half Round Connectors, a Full Round Connector, a Flat Round Con-
nector, Angle Connectors, Straight Connectors, and various I Beams. Note the slots used on the Full Round.
Connect the two upper arm parts using the Biceps Load Cell Bracket and the Triceps Load Cell Bracket.
Triceps Load Cell Bracket
Biceps Load Cell Bracket
Flat Round
Full Round
Half Round
Angle
Angle
Angle
Angle
Half Round
Half Round
Straight
#2
#1
#1
#1
#1
#1
#1
#3
#3
#3
#4
#6
#6
#3
E
Z
B
F
Triceps Load Cell Bracket
(Flat Round)
Biceps Load Cell Bracket
(Full Round)
Upper Arm Detail

Model No. ME-7001 Human Arm Model
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Lower Arm
The lower arm (“forearm”) uses Flat Round Connectors, Angle Connectors, a Straight Connector, and various I Beams.
Human Arm Elbow Detail
The upper arm and forearm are joined at the elbow using a Short Axle, two Spacers, and Screws.
Flat Round
Flat Round
Angle
Angle
Angle Straight
#5
#6
#3
Forearm Detail Cord to hang weight
“Elbow”
“Hand”
Elbow Detail
Short Axle
Spacer
Spacer
Upper Arm
Parts
Forearm

Human Structures Set
10 012-13878A
Upper Arm/Shoulder Detail
The upper arm connects to the shoulder with a Medium Axle and Screws. Use a cord attached to a Cord Tensioning Clip
to adjust the angle of the upper arm. Add large slotted masses to stabilize the model. Tighten the various cords.
Medium Axle
Cord
Tensioning
Clip
Securewith
a knot
Large
Slotted
Masses
Use the cord to adjust
the upper arm.

Model No. ME-7001
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Biceps and Triceps Load Cell Detail
Add Load Cells to the Biceps Load Cell Bracket and the Triceps Load Cell Bracket. Tie a piece of yellow cord to the top
part of the forearm near the elbow. Attach the cord to a Cord Tensioning Clip and attach the clip to the Biceps Load Cell.
Tie a piece of elastic cord to one of the holes on the back edge of the Flat Round Connector at the elbow. Attach the elastic
cord to a Cord Tensioning Clip and attach the clip to the Triceps Load Cell.
Human Arm Model: Extra Equipment
Extra Equipment Extra Equipment
Hooked Mass Set SE-8759 100-N Load Cell PS-2200 (2)
Large Slotted Mass Set ME-7566 Load Cell Amplifier PS-2198
Biceps Load Cell
Triceps
Load
Cell Cord Tensioning Clip
Secure with a knot.
Secure with a knot.
Elastic
Cord
Cord Tensioning Clip

Human Structures Set
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Human Arm Model: Force Vector Diagram
The Human Structures Set allows students to build a realistic arm model and directly measure the forces exerted.
The diagram shows the forces acting on the lower arm.
Suggestions
Vary the length and angle of the upper and lower arm, as well as the point of attachment of the cord connected to the Load
Cell.
W
Wa

This Load Cell
represents the
biceps muscle
These cords
allow the
angle of the
upper arm to
change.

Model No. ME-7001 Human Leg Model
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Human Leg Model
The Human Leg Model consists of an upper leg or “thigh”, a lower leg, and a knee joint.
Upper Leg (Thigh)
Use Half Round Connectors, a Full Round Connector, a Flat Round Connector, an Angle Connector, and various I Beams
to construct the upper leg
Upper Leg Load Cell Bracket Detail
The Upper Leg Load Cell Bracket consists of #3 Beams, a #2 Beam, an Angle Connector, and a Full Round Connector.
The diagram shows a Load Cell and a Cord Tensioning Clip attached to the bracket.
#6
#6
#4
#4
#3
#3
#3
#3
#2
Flat Round
Full Round
Angle
Upper Leg with Load Cell Bracket
Half Round
Load Cell
Cord Tensioning
Clip
Full Round
Angle
#2
#3
#3
Upper Leg Load Cell Bracket and Load Cell

Human Structures Set Human Leg Model
14 012-13878A
Lower Leg and Knee
Use Half Round Connectors, Angle Connectors, Sliding Connectors, Straight Connectors, a Short Axle, a Drive Wheel, a
Collet (without screw), and various I Beams to construct the lower leg and knee.
Half Round
#1
#1
#6
#6
#6
#3
Straight
Straight
Sliding Sliding
#2
#2
#4 Angle
Drive Wheel Collet (no screw)
Short Axle
Lower Leg and Knee

Model No. ME-7001 Human Leg Model
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Human Leg Knee Detail
Use a Medium Axle and Collets to connect the upper leg to the lower leg. Attach a Load Cell to the Upper Leg Load Cell
Bracket. Tie a piece of cord to the #2 I Beam just below the knee. Connect the other end of the cord to a Cord Tensioning
Clip, and attach the clip to the Load Cell. Put the cord over the Drive Wheel
Human Leg Model: Extra Equipment
Extra Equipment Extra Equipment
Large Slotted Mass Set ME-7566 Load Cell Amplifier PS-2198
100-N Load Cell PS-2200
Load Cell
Medium
Axle
Collet
Drive
Wheel
Cord
Cord Tensioning Clip

Human Structures Set Human Back Model
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Human Leg Model: Force Vector Diagram
Knee Forces
Directly measure the force needed to support the leg at various angles.
Human Back Model
The Human Back Model consists of a base, a torso, and an outstretched arm.
The Load Cell represents
the quadricep muscle in
the upper leg.
W


Model No. ME-7001 Human Back Model
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Human Back Base Details
The Human Back Base uses Half Round Connectors, Full Round Connectors, Angle Connectors, Sliding Connectors,
Straight Connectors, a Long Axle, Pulleys, Spacers, Collets, and various I Beams. The structure can use two, four or six
Load Cells.
Half
Round
Long Axle
Angle
Angle
Straight
Straight
Angle
Sliding
Full
Round
Collet
Spacer
Pulley
#2
#2
#2
#2
#2
#2
#4
#4
#4
#3
#3
#5
#5
#6
#4
#4
NOTE: The
Straight
Connectors
can be
replaced by
Load Cells.
Human Back Base Details
Note the
arrangement
of the Half
Round.

Human Structures Set Human Back Model
18 012-13878A
Human Torso and Extended Arm Details
The Human Torso and Extended Arm uses Half Round Connectors, Flat Round Connectors, Angle Connectors, Straight
Connectors, Cord and Cord Tensioning Clips, and various I Beams.
Half Round
Flat Round
Secure with a knot.
Cord Tensioning
Clip
Secure with
a knot.
Angle Angle
Angle
Straight
Straight
#5
#6
#6
#6 #5
#3
#3
#3
#4 #1
#1
#3
Cord
Human Torso and Extended Arm
NOTE: Loop a piece of
Cord through the #3 Beam
Arm
Torso

Model No. ME-7001 Human Back Model
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Human Back Model: Load Cell Details
Join the Human Back Model Base to the Human Back Model Torso using a Long Axle, Spacers, Collets, Cord and Cord
Tensioning Clips, and Load Cells.
Securewith
a knot.
Cord
Tensioning
Clip
Long
Axle
Spacers on
both sides of
the Half Round
Collet
Load
Cell
Cord
NOTE: Add Large Slotted Masses to
the rear of the Base to
counterbalance the structure.

Human Structures Set Human Back Model
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Human Back Model: Force Vector Diagram
The following diagram shows the force vectors acting on the human back model.
Load Cells
The Load Cells directly measure the forces exerted on the back model. The structure is shown with two Load Cells mea-
suring the tension in the cords representing lower back muscles. The experiment can be performed using more Load Cells
mounted in place of the Straight Connectors in the base.
Suggestions
Experiment with the ‘back’ at different angles and use the Load Cells to measure the tension in the cord.
What is the affect of increasing or decreasing the angle of the ‘back’?
Experiment with the amount of weight attached to the end of the ‘arm’.
Does doubling the weight also double the tension in the cords attached to the Load Cells?
Wb
T
Fy
Fx
Cord
Hooked
Mass
Load Cells
Large
Slotted
Masses
W
OPTION: Put Load Cells in
place of the Straight
Connectors.