Rohde & Schwarz R&S CMW-KG2 Series User manual

R&S®CMW-KG2xx/-KM2xx/-KS2xx
GSM Firmware Applications
User Manual
User Manual
(;×îR2)
1173.9634.02 ─ 11
Test & Measurement
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This user manual describes the following R&S®CMW options:
●R&S®CMW-KG200 (GSM GPRS EDGE R6, generator, downlink)
●R&S®CMW-KM200 (GSM GPRS EDGE R6, TX measurement, uplink)
●R&S®CMW-KM201 (GSM R7 EGRPS2-A, TX measurement, uplink)
●R&S®CMW-KM012 (TX measurement, multi evaluation list mode for GSM)
●R&S®CMW-KS200 (GSM GPRS EDGE R6, basic signaling)
●R&S®CMW-KS201 (GSM R7 EDGEevo, basic signaling)
●R&S®CMW-KS203 (GSM R9 VAMOS, basic signaling)
●R&S®CMW-KS210 (GSM GPRS EDGE R6, advanced signaling)
●R&S®CMW-KE100 (Basic fading support: AWGN generator)
●R&S®CMW-KE200 (GSM fading profiles TS 45.005, excerpts)
© 2014 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: [phone] - 0
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®CMW is abbreviated as R&S CMW.
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Contents
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Contents
1Preface.................................................................................................... 9
1.1 How to Read Firmware Application Chapters............................................................ 9
1.1.1 General Description........................................................................................................ 9
1.1.2 Application Sheets........................................................................................................ 10
1.1.3 GUI Reference.............................................................................................................. 10
1.1.4 Programming Examples................................................................................................10
1.1.5 Command Reference.................................................................................................... 10
2GSM Signaling......................................................................................11
2.1 What's New in this Revision.......................................................................................11
2.2 General Description.................................................................................................... 12
2.2.1 Test Setups................................................................................................................... 13
2.2.2 Initiating Signaling Tests............................................................................................... 16
2.2.3 External Fading............................................................................................................. 18
2.2.4 Internal Fading.............................................................................................................. 19
2.2.5 End to End Packet Data Connections...........................................................................20
2.2.6 Audio Measurements.................................................................................................... 21
2.2.7 Connection States.........................................................................................................23
2.2.8 Handover.......................................................................................................................27
2.2.9 GSM Characteristics..................................................................................................... 29
2.2.10 Trigger Signals.............................................................................................................. 34
2.2.11 BER CS Measurement..................................................................................................35
2.2.12 BER PS Measurement.................................................................................................. 49
2.2.13 BLER Measurement......................................................................................................55
2.2.14 RLC Throughput Measurement.....................................................................................60
2.2.15 CMR Performance Measurement................................................................................. 62
2.3 GUI Reference............................................................................................................. 64
2.3.1 Signaling View...............................................................................................................65
2.3.2 Signaling and Connection Control.................................................................................84
2.3.3 General Settings........................................................................................................... 89
2.3.4 I/Q Settings................................................................................................................... 91
2.3.5 RF Settings................................................................................................................... 93
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2.3.6 Internal Fading............................................................................................................ 101
2.3.7 Network Parameters................................................................................................... 105
2.3.8 Connection Parameters.............................................................................................. 123
2.3.9 Trigger Signal Settings................................................................................................137
2.3.10 Messaging (SMS) Parameters.................................................................................... 138
2.3.11 Measurement Connection Parameters....................................................................... 142
2.3.12 MS Measurement Report Settings.............................................................................. 143
2.3.13 Message Monitoring Settings......................................................................................144
2.3.14 Show Features at Inactive SW Licenses.....................................................................145
2.3.15 Using the Shortcut Softkeys........................................................................................145
2.3.16 BER CS Measurement................................................................................................146
2.3.17 BER PS Measurement................................................................................................ 151
2.3.18 BLER Measurement....................................................................................................155
2.3.19 RLC Throughput Measurement...................................................................................157
2.3.20 CMR Performance Measurement............................................................................... 160
2.4 Programming.............................................................................................................163
2.4.1 General Configuration................................................................................................. 163
2.4.2 BER CS Tests............................................................................................................. 184
2.4.3 BER PS Tests............................................................................................................. 189
2.4.4 BLER Tests................................................................................................................. 191
2.4.5 RLC Throughput Tests................................................................................................191
2.4.6 CMR Performance Tests.............................................................................................193
2.5 Command Reference................................................................................................ 193
2.5.1 Conventions and General Information........................................................................ 194
2.5.2 General Settings......................................................................................................... 198
2.5.3 Connection Control and States................................................................................... 199
2.5.4 Event Log.................................................................................................................... 202
2.5.5 Signaling Information.................................................................................................. 203
2.5.6 Slot Configuration and Resulting Throughput............................................................. 226
2.5.7 Handover Settings.......................................................................................................232
2.5.8 Routing Settings..........................................................................................................244
2.5.9 Internal Fading............................................................................................................ 262
2.5.10 Network Settings......................................................................................................... 268
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2.5.11 Connection Settings.................................................................................................... 298
2.5.12 Trigger Signal Settings................................................................................................320
2.5.13 Messaging (SMS)........................................................................................................320
2.5.14 Measurement Slot Settings......................................................................................... 327
2.5.15 MS Measurement Report Settings.............................................................................. 327
2.5.16 Message Monitoring Settings......................................................................................328
2.5.17 BER CS Measurement................................................................................................329
2.5.18 BER PS Measurement................................................................................................ 339
2.5.19 BLER Measurement....................................................................................................349
2.5.20 RLC Throughput Measurement...................................................................................354
2.5.21 CMR Performance Measurement............................................................................... 360
2.6 List of Commands.....................................................................................................364
3GSM Measurements...........................................................................373
3.1 What's New in this Revision.....................................................................................373
3.2 General Description.................................................................................................. 373
3.2.1 GSM TX Tests.............................................................................................................374
3.2.2 GSM RX Tests............................................................................................................ 377
3.2.3 List Mode.....................................................................................................................378
3.2.4 GSM UL Signal Properties.......................................................................................... 384
3.2.5 GSM Frequency Bands and Channels........................................................................385
3.2.6 Burst Types................................................................................................................. 386
3.2.7 Limit Settings and Conformance Requirements..........................................................387
3.2.8 Measurement Results................................................................................................. 399
3.3 Application Sheets....................................................................................................407
3.3.1 Detecting GSM Multislot Frames................................................................................ 408
3.3.2 Capturing GSM Burst Sequences............................................................................... 409
3.3.3 Using GSM List Mode................................................................................................. 412
3.3.4 GSM BER Tests on ARB Signals................................................................................415
3.4 GUI Reference........................................................................................................... 416
3.4.1 Measurement Control..................................................................................................416
3.4.2 Parameters and Settings.............................................................................................417
3.4.3 Measurement Results................................................................................................. 444
3.5 Programming.............................................................................................................447
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3.5.1 General Examples.......................................................................................................447
3.5.2 GSM List Mode........................................................................................................... 451
3.5.3 BER Measurement......................................................................................................455
3.5.4 I/Q Constellation Diagram........................................................................................... 455
3.6 Command Reference................................................................................................ 456
3.6.1 Conventions and General Information........................................................................ 456
3.6.2 General Measurement Settings.................................................................................. 460
3.6.3 Multi Evaluation Measurement Commands................................................................ 467
3.6.4 Combined Signal Path Commands............................................................................. 577
3.7 List of Commands.....................................................................................................578
4GSM Generator...................................................................................587
4.1 What's New in this Revision.....................................................................................587
4.2 General Description.................................................................................................. 587
4.2.1 GSM Signal Parameters............................................................................................. 588
4.2.2 GSM Frequency Bands and Channels........................................................................588
4.2.3 Burst Types................................................................................................................. 589
4.2.4 Training Sequences.................................................................................................... 591
4.2.5 Power Control Levels.................................................................................................. 593
4.2.6 BCCH and TCH Bursts............................................................................................... 594
4.2.7 Dynamic Aspects........................................................................................................ 596
4.3 Application Sheets....................................................................................................596
4.3.1 Generating and Measuring a GSM Signal.................................................................. 596
4.3.2 GSM BER Tests on Real-Time Signals...................................................................... 600
4.4 GUI Reference........................................................................................................... 602
4.4.1 Generator Control....................................................................................................... 602
4.4.2 Signal Routing and RF Settings.................................................................................. 602
4.4.3 Slot Configuration........................................................................................................604
4.5 Programming.............................................................................................................607
4.5.1 Key Features...............................................................................................................608
4.5.2 Specifying General and RF Settings........................................................................... 608
4.5.3 Slot Configuration........................................................................................................608
4.5.4 Switching on the Generator.........................................................................................609
4.6 Command Reference................................................................................................ 610
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4.6.1 Generator Control and States..................................................................................... 611
4.6.2 Signal Routing.............................................................................................................611
4.6.3 RF Settings................................................................................................................. 613
4.6.4 Slot Configuration........................................................................................................615
4.7 List of Commands.....................................................................................................618
Index....................................................................................................619
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Preface
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1 Preface
The operation of the R&S CMW is described in several user manuals:
●The R&S CMW user manual describes the base software, common features of the
firmware applications and basic principles for manual operation and remote control.
●Additional user manuals, like this document, describe the firmware applications.
Rohde & Schwarz provides registered users a "CMW Customer Web" section on
GLORIS, the Global Rohde & Schwarz Information System: https://extranet.rohde-
schwarz.com. From this resource you can download software updates, waveform
library updates and documentation updates, e.g. updates of this document.
1.1 How to Read Firmware Application Chapters
Each firmware application is described in a separate chapter. These chapters can be
read independently of each other. However, they are all organized as follows:
1. General Description
2. Application Sheets (optional)
3. GUI Reference
4. Programming Examples
5. Command Reference
The chapters "System Overview" and "Remote Control" in the R&S CMW user manual
provide additional important information independent of the individual firmware applica-
tions. The most important parts are referenced by the firmware application descrip-
tions.
1.1.1 General Description
This section provides a general description of the firmware application, independent of
a specific operation mode (manual or remote control). It gives a high-level introduction
to the capabilities of the firmware application. Background information related to the
network standard is given as far as it is directly related to administrable parameters.
For measurement applications a detailed description of measurement results and a
description of configurable limits is given, including the relation to conformance require-
ments defined in network standard specifications.
How to Read Firmware Application Chapters
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Preface
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1.1.2 Application Sheets
This optional section provides short application examples for select issues and related
background information.
1.1.3 GUI Reference
The GUI reference describes the manual operation of the firmware application via the
Graphical User Interface (GUI).
The description of a configuration dialog usually starts with a screenshot presenting the
preset values of the parameters (sometimes preset values are modified to enable hid-
den parts of a dialog). Below the screenshot all shown parameters are described. For
each single parameter a link to the corresponding command description in the "Com-
mand Reference" is provided. Ranges for numeric parameters and reset values are
given there.
For measurement results links to the corresponding command descriptions are provi-
ded (commands to retrieve the results). The measurement results are described in
detail in the "General Description".
1.1.4 Programming Examples
The programming examples show how to control and configure the firmware applica-
tion via a remote-control program and how to retrieve measurement results. The exam-
ples consist of comprehensive command sequences. You can check just a single com-
mand of a sequence to get an example for the syntax of this single command. But you
can also consider an entire sequence showing the commands in the context of a com-
mand script, under consideration of dependencies and required orders of the com-
mands.
The command sequences are written with the intention to list most commands of the
firmware application. They do not show the fastest way for a given configuration task.
The fastest way would use many reset values and omit the corresponding commands.
The examples are referenced by the command descriptions of the "Command Refer-
ence".
1.1.5 Command Reference
The command reference provides information on the remote commands of the firm-
ware application. The commands are grouped according to their function.
Each command description indicates the syntax of the command header and of the
parameters. For input parameters the allowed ranges, reset values and default units
are listed, for returned values the expected ranges and default units. Most commands
have a command form and a query form. Exceptions are marked by "Setting only",
"Query only" or "Event". Furthermore a link to the "Programming Examples" is provided
and the first software version supporting the command is indicated.
How to Read Firmware Application Chapters
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GSM Signaling
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2 GSM Signaling
With the "GSM Signaling" application, the R&S CMW can emulate a GSM base station
(BS) transmitting a GSM downlink signal to which the GSM mobile station (MS) under
test can synchronize. The R&S CMW also provides the necessary higher-layer proto-
col functions so that the MS can perform a location update in the Circuit Switched (CS)
domain and an attach in the Packet Switched (PS) domain. A connection can be set up
in one of the domains.
The basic GSM Release 6 signaling functionality provided by R&S CMW-KS200 can
be enhanced by the following options:
●R&S CMW-KS210 offers additional flexibility concerning advanced GSM Release 6
parameter settings and is required for fading.
●R&S CMW-KS201 provides a basic GSM Release 7 signaling functionality.
●R&S CMW-KS203 provides a basic GSM Release 9 signaling functionality (i.e.
support of VAMOS).
●R&S CMW-KE100 and R&S CMW-KE200 enable internal fading (R&S CMW-
KS210 and fader I/Q board also required).
Most tests can be performed using the GSM "Multi Evaluation" measurement (option
R&S CMW-KM200). Data transfer tests can be performed using the Data Application
Unit (DAU, option R&S CMW-B450x and R&S CMW-KM050).
Additionally the "GSM Signaling" application provides the following measurements:
●BER CS Measurement
●BER PS Measurement
●BLER Measurement
●RLC Throughput Measurement
●CMR Performance Measurement
2.1 What's New in this Revision
This revision describes version 3.2.70 and later of the GSM signaling firmware applica-
tion.
Compared to version 3.2.60 it provides the following new features:
●BSIC parameter for GSM neighbor cell settings, see GSM
●Echo Delay
●Initial Power Reduction
●Cell Barring
●Timing Advance
●Handover extensions, see Inter/Intra RAT ... (hotkey):
– Mobility mode
–Redirection GSM to GSM within one R&S CMW
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– Redirection GSM to another instrument, supported target destinations are
GSM, LTE, WCDMA and TD-SCDMA
●Connection control extensions:
– PS TBF release timer T3192
– Alerting timeout, see Connection Error (CS and PS)
– Hotkey "Release PDP Context", see Connect / Disconnect / Send SMS /
Release PDP Context (hotkeys)
– Rejection of a location update or attach requests, see Reject Causes
●Classmark information element, see Requested Mobile Data and Early Classmark
Sending
●SMS extensions:
– Segment parameter for outgoing SMS, see Segment
–Service Center Time Stamp
●Discontinuous transmission in downlink, see DTX DL
●Bad frame indication CS BER measurement, see Mode "BFI"
●Remote commands for MS measurement report, see MS Measurement Report
Settings
●Extended ranges of measured entities in BER measurements, see Bursts / Speech
Frames / Frames / Blocks and RLC Data Blocks
Software Version
To check your R&S CMW software version, open the "Setup" dialog and click "HW/SW
Equipment". The initial software version for each remote control command is quoted in
the reference description.
2.2 General Description
The following sections describe how to use the R&S CMW for "GSM Signaling" tests
and provide useful background information.
●Test Setups.............................................................................................................13
●Initiating Signaling Tests......................................................................................... 16
●External Fading.......................................................................................................18
●Internal Fading........................................................................................................ 19
●End to End Packet Data Connections.....................................................................20
●Audio Measurements.............................................................................................. 21
●Connection States...................................................................................................23
●Handover.................................................................................................................27
●GSM Characteristics............................................................................................... 29
●Trigger Signals........................................................................................................34
●BER CS Measurement............................................................................................35
●BER PS Measurement............................................................................................49
●BLER Measurement................................................................................................55
●RLC Throughput Measurement...............................................................................60
●CMR Performance Measurement........................................................................... 62
General Description
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GSM Signaling
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2.2.1 Test Setups
The following sections provide an overview of typical test setups for the individual sce-
narios.
2.2.1.1 Test Setup for Scenario Standard Cell
The basic test setup for a standard cell scenario uses a bidirectional RF connection
between the tester and the device under test (DUT), carrying both the downlink and the
uplink signal:
●The R&S CMW transmits the downlink (base station) signal to which the DUT can
synchronize in order to perform registration and establish a connection. The down-
link signal is used to transfer signaling messages and user data to the DUT.
●The DUT transmits an uplink signal that the R&S CMW can receive and decode in
order to set up a connection and perform various measurements.
For this setup the DUT is connected to one of the bidirectional RF COM connectors at
the front panel of the R&S CMW. No additional cabling and no external trigger is nee-
ded. The input level ranges of all RF COM connectors are identical.
See also: "RF Connectors" in the R&S CMW user manual, chapter "Getting Started"
Fig. 2-1: Test setup for standard cell
2.2.1.2 Test Setup for Scenario IQ out - RF in
For the scenario "IQ out - RF in" the uplink RF signal is routed via an RF COM connec-
tor at the front panel. The downlink digital I/Q signal is routed via a DIG IQ OUT con-
nector at the rear panel. This connector is only available if an I/Q board is installed
(option R&S CMW-B510x/-B520x). Additional instruments can be inserted into the
downlink path to manipulate the downlink signal.
A typical use case is to insert an R&S SMU200A into the downlink path to superimpose
fading on the downlink signal. The following figure provides an overview of this setup.
In this example the R&S SMU200A is synchronized to a 10-MHz reference signal pro-
vided by the R&S CMW. It is also possible to synchronize the R&S CMW to the R&S
SMU200A.
The following figure shows a possible rear panel cabling using the first I/Q board (DIG
IQ 1 to 4).
General Description
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Fig. 2-2: Test setup for scenario "IQ out - RF in" (example)
2.2.1.3 Test Setup for Scenario BCCH and TCH/PDCH
A test setup for this scenario involves one uplink and two downlink signals. One down-
link signal transmits the TCH/PDCH, the other one the BCCH. The two downlink sig-
nals must be transmitted via different TX modules, which implies that the instrument
must support at least two TX paths. The RF connectors to be used depend on the
installed frontends.
Typical scenarios:
●Two basic frontends are installed at the R&S CMW:
Use a bidirectional RF connector for the uplink and one downlink signal and a sep-
arate RF connector for the second downlink signal. Connect both RF connectors to
an external combiner and connect the combiner to the MS.
●An advanced frontend is installed at the R&S CMW:
Use one bidirectional RF connector for the uplink and both downlink signals. This is
the same cabling as for a standard cell scenario.
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Fig. 2-3: Test setup using two RF connectors and an external combiner
2.2.1.4 Test Setup for Standard Cell External Fading
You can integrate an R&S AMU200A into a test setup in order to superimpose fading
on the baseband signal. The R&S AMU200A must be connected to the digital I/Q inter-
face of the R&S CMW. At least one I/Q board must be installed at the R&S CMW for
that purpose (option R&S CMW-B510x/-B520x).
All connections between R&S CMW and R&S AMU200A are established via the rear
panels of the instruments.
The following figure shows a possible rear panel cabling using the first I/Q board (DIG
IQ 1 to 4).
General Description
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The RF connections between R&S CMW and DUT must be established in the same
way as without external fading.
2.2.1.5 Test Setup for Standard Cell Internal Fading
If internal fading shall be used, the test setup is the same as for the standard cell sce-
nario without fading.
2.2.2 Initiating Signaling Tests
The signal generator of the "GSM Signaling" application is controlled like any other
real-time or signaling generator, see ON | OFF (key) / GSM Signaling (softkey). The
GSM downlink signal is turned on as long as the "GSM Signaling" softkey indicates the
"ON" state (after switching on, wait until the hour glass symbol has disappeared). In
this state, the connection states can be controlled via hotkeys at the R&S CMW and
via actions at the mobile.
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GSM Signaling
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The default settings of the R&S CMW generally ensure a DL signal with suitable char-
acteristics for connection setup. The most important settings can be modified directly in
the main view.
Checks in case of failed registration
If the registration of the mobile fails, check the following R&S CMW settings:
●The mobile must support the selected GSM band.
●The "DL Reference Level" must be sufficient so that the mobile under test can
receive the DL signal.
●The external attenuation settings should be in accordance with characteristics of
the RF connection.
●The security settings in the "Network" section of the configuration dialog must be in
accordance with the MS capabilities.
Registration can fail if authentication is enabled but not supported by the MS or the
SIM card type or secret key do not match.
Checks in case of failed connection setup
If the setup of a PS connection or a PDP context activation fails, check the following
R&S CMW settings:
●The PS slot configuration must be compatible to the MS capabilities, especially to
the multislot class.
Refer to 3GPP TS 45.002, Annex B for a table listing the individual classes. The
multislot class determines for example the maximum number of DL and UL time-
slots per TDMA frame, the maximum sum of DL+UL timeslots and the minimum
distance between UL and DL slots. For the proper multislot settings use the auto
slot configuration function, see "Connection Setup" on page 80.
Performing measurements
The required settings vary depending on the measurement to be performed. However,
the general procedure outlined below is applicable to most measurements.
1. Connect your mobile to the R&S CMW (see chapter 2.2.1, "Test Setups",
on page 13).
2. Open the "GSM Signaling" firmware application.
3. Configure the signaling application according to the test to be performed.
4. To turn on the DL signal, click/press ON | OFF and wait until the "GSM Signaling"
softkey indicates the "ON" state and the hour glass symbol has disappeared.
5. Switch on the mobile phone.
The mobile synchronizes to the DL signal, performs a location update in the CS
domain and attaches to the PS domain (if it supports both domains). The
R&S CMW enters the "Synchronized" CS state and the "Attached" PS state.
6. Set up a connection in the CS domain or the PS domain:
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a) Click/press the "CS Connect" hotkey and wait until the R&S CMW has entered
the "Call Established" CS state.
b) Click/press the "PS Connect" hotkey and wait until the R&S CMW has entered
the "TBF Established" PS state.
7. Use the "GSM RX Meas" or "GSM Multi Eval" softkey to switch to the measure-
ment application. The GSM RX measurements are provided by the "GSM Signal-
ing" firmware application. The GSM multi evaluation measurement is available as
option R&S CMW-KM200.
8. Configure and start the measurement.
Order of steps
The measurements of the "GSM Signaling" application may be initiated before turning
on the DL signal. In that case the measurement starts as soon as the preconditions are
fulfilled. A BER CS measurement for instance starts as soon as the CS connection has
been established.
2.2.3 External Fading
An external fading scenario allows to route the downlink baseband signal to an
R&S AMU200A that superimposes fading on the signal and routes it back. Thus fading
can be added to the downlink signal.
Configuring and activating fading
1. Connect the DUT and the R&S AMU200A to the R&S CMW (see chapter 2.2.1.4,
"Test Setup for Standard Cell External Fading", on page 15).
2. Configure the signaling application according to the test to be performed, espe-
cially select the "Standard Cell Fading" scenario with external fading and configure
the downlink settings.
3. At the signaling application, turn on the downlink signal and set up a connection.
4. In the configuration tree, section "IQ Settings > IQ Out", note the "Baseband PEP"
and the "Crest Factor".
5. Configure the R&S AMU200A, especially the following settings:
Reference oscillator settings:
● Source = External
● External Reference Frequency = 10 MHz
Baseband input settings for all used connectors:
● Sample Rate = User Defined, 100 MHz
● Baseband Input Level: enter the crest factor and the PEP displayed in step 4.
Digital I/Q output settings for all used connectors:
● Sample Rate = User Defined, 100 MHz
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● Set Level Via = PEP
● PEP = PEP value displayed in step 4
6. In the R&S AMU200A, activate fading and note the signal level. If you add noise to
the signal, note the signal level without noise.
7. Configure the I/Q input of the R&S CMW:
In the configuration tree, section "IQ Settings > IQ In > Baseband Level", enter the
signal level noted in the previous step.
Alternatively it is also possible, to specify the signal output level of the R&S
AMU200A, to note the resulting PEP and to enter this PEP value at the R&S CMW
for "Baseband PEP". But this is not recommended.
8. Turn the downlink signal at the signaling application off and on again.
The configuration is now complete. Fading is active.
Note that a reconfiguration of the settings at the R&S AMU200A during an active
connection to the DUT may result in the loss of the connection or in erroneous
measurement results.
After a reconfiguration of the baseband input settings of the R&S AMU200A, you
must turn the downlink signal at the signaling application off and on again.
Please note that external fading might not work properly, if a frequency-dependent
attenuation table is active in downlink direction. When using external fading, deactivate
frequency-dependent attenuation tables for the downlink direction of the used "RF Out-
put" connector.
2.2.4 Internal Fading
Testing under realistic air interface conditions is important in order to verify the receiver
performance and the correct operation of the DUT's protocol stack implementation. For
example bit error rates and throughput performance can be evaluated.
The internal fading module comes with a fading simulator and AWGN generator that
can be selectively enabled. It manipulates the generated downlink I/Q data stream to
emulate typical signal conditions at the DUT's receiver.
The following options are required to use the internal fading simulator in GSM:
●one fader I/Q board R&S CMW-B510F or R&S CMW-B520F per signaling instance
using internal fading
●one option R&S CMW-KS210 "GSM GPRS EDGE R6, advanced signaling" per
signaling instance using fading
●a single option R&S CMW-KE100 "Basic Fading support: AWGN generator"
●a single option R&S CMW-KE200 "GSM fading profiles TS 45.005, excerpts"
Please note that internal fading might not work properly, if a frequency-dependent
attenuation table is active in downlink direction. When using internal fading, deactivate
frequency-dependent attenuation tables for the downlink direction of the used "RF Out-
put" connector.
General Description
深圳德标仪器 135-1095-0799

GSM Signaling
R&S®CMW-KG2xx/-KM2xx/-KS2xx
20User Manual 1173.9634.02 ─ 11
2.2.4.1 Fading Simulator
Multi-path fading is an effect which occurs in real world situations. A signal sent from
the base station may take different routes (direct line of sight and/or reflected) and
reach the receiving antenna at different times leading to a sum of phase shifted and, if
the receiver is moving, frequency shifted signals.
The internal fading simulator supports multipath propagation conditions defined in
Annex C.3 of 3GPP TS 45.005.
A faded signal has a higher crest factor than an unfaded one. In order to avoid distor-
tion, the baseband signal must be attenuated before entering the fading module, with
the necessary attenuation (insertion loss) depending on the selected fading profile.
In GSM signaling, the insertion loss at the baseband level can be calculated automati-
cally or set manually. It is automatically compensated on the HF level, which implies a
shift of the allowed DL power level range to the same extent, but in opposite direction.
2.2.4.2 AWGN Generator
Additional White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) may lead to a decrease of throughput. The
quality of the received signal is affected by the ratio of the signal power to the sur-
rounding traffic noise level (signal to noise ratio).
The internal fading module supports AWGN insertion with configurable bandwidth and
signal to noise ratio. Insertion loss at the baseband level is calculated and compensa-
ted automatically at the HF.
Restriction for the AWGN generator in GSM
The frequency of the AWGN generator signal is fixed and equals the center frequency
of the corresponding GSM band:
●GSM 850: channel 190, 881.6 MHz
●GSM 900: channel 62, 947.2 MHz
●GSM 1800: channel 699, 1842.6 MHz
●GSM 1900: channel 661, 1960.0 MHz
2.2.5 End to End Packet Data Connections
To set up a GSM packet data connection you need the Data Application Unit (DAU) in
addition to the "GSM signaling" application. The DAU itself is available as option R&S
CMW-B450x and the DAU measurements as R&S CMW-KM050. For IPv4 option R&S
CMW-KA100 is required, for IPv6 additionally option R&S CMW-KA150.
For configuration of the DAU, e.g. for initial configuration of the DAU IP settings, please
refer to the DAU documentation.
To set up an end to end packet data connection, proceed as follows:
1. Configure the IP settings of DAU according to the DAU documentation.
General Description
深圳德标仪器 135-1095-0799