Siemens SINUMERIK 840D sl Owner's manual

SINUMERIK SINUMERIK 840D sl/SINUMERIK 828D Job Planning
Preface
Flexible NC programming
1
File and program
management
2
Protection zones
3
Special motion commands
4
Coordinate transformation
(FRAMES)
5
Transformations
6
Tool offsets
7
Path traversing behavior
8
Axis couplings
9
Motion synchronous actions
10
Oscillation
11
Punching and nibbling
12
Grinding
13
Additional functions
14
User stock removal
programs
15
Tables
16
Appendix
A
SINUMERIK
SINUMERIK 840D sl/
SINUMERIK 828D
Job Planning
Programming Manual
06/2009
6FC5398-2BP20-0BA0
Valid for
Control System
SINUMERIK 840D sl/840DE sl
SINUMERIK 828D
Software Version
NCU system software for 840D sl/840DE sl 2.6
NCU System software for 828D 2.6

Legal information
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damage to property. The notices referring to your personal safety are highlighted in the manual by a safety alert
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WARNING
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NOTICE
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property damage.
Qualified Personnel
The device/system may only be set up and used in conjunction with this documentation. Commissioning and
operation of a device/system may only be performed by qualified personnel. Within the context of the safety notes
in this documentation qualified persons are defined as persons who are authorized to commission, ground and
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Proper use of Siemens products
Note the following:
WARNING
Siemens products may only be used for the applications described in the catalog and in the relevant technical
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Disclaimer of Liability
We have reviewed the contents of this publication to ensure consistency with the hardware and software
described. Since variance cannot be precluded entirely, we cannot guarantee full consistency. However, the
information in this publication is reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections are included in subsequent
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Siemens AG
Industry Sector
Postfach 48 48
90026 NÜRNBERG
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Order number: 6FC5398-2BP20-0BA0
Ⓟ 06/2009
Copyright © Siemens AG 2009.
Technical data subject to change

Job Planning
Programming Manual, 06/2009, 6FC5398-2BP20-0BA0 3
Preface
SINUMERIK Documentation
The SINUMERIK documentation is organized in three parts:
● General Documentation
● User Documentation
● Manufacturer/service documentation
Information on the following topics is available at
http://www.siemens.com/motioncontrol/docu:
● Ordering documentation
Here you can find an up-to-date overview of publications
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My Documentation Manager provides you with a range of features for generating your
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● Training and FAQs
Information on our range of training courses and FAQs (frequently asked questions) are
available via the page navigation.
Target group
This publication is intended for:
● Programmers
● Project engineers
Benefits
With the programming manual, the target group can develop, write, test, and debug
programs and software user interfaces.

Preface
Job Planning
4 Programming Manual, 06/2009, 6FC5398-2BP20-0BA0
Standard scope
This Programming Manual describes the functionality afforded by standard functions.
Extensions or changes made by the machine tool manufacturer are documented by the
machine tool manufacturer.
Other functions not described in this documentation might be executable in the control. This
does not, however, represent an obligation to supply such functions with a new control or
when servicing.
Further, for the sake of simplicity, this documentation does not contain all detailed
information about all types of the product and cannot cover every conceivable case of
installation, operation or maintenance.
Technical Support
If you have any questions, please contact our hotline:
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Phone [phone] - 222
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€0.14/min. from German landlines, mobile phone prices may differ
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Note
You will find telephone numbers for other countries for technical support on the Internet:
http://www.automation.siemens.com/partner

Preface
Job Planning
Programming Manual, 06/2009, 6FC5398-2BP20-0BA0 5
Questions about the manual
If you have any queries (suggestions, corrections) in relation to this documentation, please
fax or e-mail us:
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: mailto:[email protected]m
A fax form is available in the appendix of this document.
SINUMERIK Internet address
http://www.siemens.com/sinumerik
"Fundamentals" and "Job Planning" Programming Manual
The description of the NC programming is divided into two manuals:
1. Fundamentals
The "Fundamentals" Programming Manual is intended for use by skilled machine
operators with the appropriate expertise in drilling, milling and turning operations. Simple
programming examples are used to explain the commands and statements which are
also defined according to DIN 66025.
2. Job planning
The Programming Manual "Job Planning" is intended for use by technicians with in-depth,
comprehensive programming knowledge. By virtue of a special programming language,
the SINUMERIK control enables the user to program complex workpiece programs (e.g.
for free-form surfaces, channel coordination, ...) and makes programming of complicated
operations easy for technologists.
Availability of the described NC language elements
All NC language elements described in the manual are available for the SINUMERIK
840D sl. The availability regarding SINUMERIK 828D can be found in column "828D" of the
"List of statements (Page 821)".

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Table of contents
Preface ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
1 Flexible NC programming ........................................................................................................................ 15
1.1 Variables ......................................................................................................................................15
1.1.1 General information about variables............................................................................................15
1.1.2 System variables..........................................................................................................................16
1.1.3 Predefined user variables: Arithmetic parameters (R).................................................................19
1.1.4 Predefined user variables: Link variables....................................................................................21
1.1.5 Definition of user variables (DEF)................................................................................................24
1.1.6 Redefinition of system variables, user variables, and NC language commands (REDEF).........31
1.1.7 Attribute: Initialization value .........................................................................................................34
1.1.8 Attribute: Limit values (LLI, ULI)...................................................................................................38
1.1.9 Attribute: Physical unit (PHU) ......................................................................................................39
1.1.10 Attribute: Access rights (APR, APW, APRP, APWP, APRB, APWB) ..........................................41
1.1.11 Overview of definable and redefinable attributes.........................................................................47
1.1.12 Definition and initialization of array variables (DEF, SET, REP) .................................................48
1.1.13 Data types....................................................................................................................................57
1.2 Indirect programming ...................................................................................................................58
1.2.1 Indirectly programming G codes..................................................................................................62
1.2.2 Indirectly programming position attributes (BP)...........................................................................63
1.2.3 Indirectly programming part program lines (EXECSTRING) .......................................................66
1.3 Arithmetic functions......................................................................................................................67
1.4 Comparison and logic operations ................................................................................................70
1.5 Precision correction on comparison errors (TRUNC) ..................................................................73
1.6 Variable minimum, maximum and range (MINVAL, MAXVAL and BOUND) ..............................75
1.7 Priority of the operations ..............................................................................................................77
1.8 Possible type conversions ...........................................................................................................78
1.9 String operations..........................................................................................................................79
1.9.1 Type conversion to STRING (AXSTRING) ..................................................................................80
1.9.2 Type conversion from STRING (NUMBER, ISNUMBER, AXNAME) ..........................................81
1.9.3 Concatenation of strings (<<).......................................................................................................83
1.9.4 Conversion to lower/upper case letters (TOLOWER, TOUPPER) ..............................................85
1.9.5 Determine length of string (STRLEN) ..........................................................................................86
1.9.6 Search for character/string in the string (INDEX, RINDEX, MINDEX, MATCH)..........................87
1.9.7 Selection of a substring (SUBSTR) .............................................................................................89
1.9.8 Selection of a single character (STRINGVAR, STRINGFELD) ...................................................90
1.10 Program jumps and branches......................................................................................................92
1.10.1 Return jump to the start of the program (GOTOS) ......................................................................92
1.10.2 Program jumps to jump markers (GOTOB, GOTOF, GOTO, GOTOC) ......................................93
1.10.3 Program branch (CASE ... OF ... DEFAULT ...) ..........................................................................97
1.11 Repeat program section (REPEAT, REPEATB, ENDLABEL, P) ................................................99
1.12 Check structures ........................................................................................................................107
1.12.1 Program loop with alternative (IF, ELSE, ENDIF)......................................................................109

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1.12.2 Continuous program loop (LOOP, ENDLOOP)......................................................................... 111
1.12.3 Count loop (FOR ... TO ..., ENDFOR) ...................................................................................... 112
1.12.4 Program loop with condition at start of loop (WHILE, ENDWHILE).......................................... 114
1.12.5 Program loop with condition at the end of the loop (REPEAT, UNTIL) .................................... 115
1.12.6 Program example with nested check structures ....................................................................... 116
1.13 Program coordination (INIT, START, WAITM, WAITMC, WAITE, SETM, CLEARM) .............. 117
1.14 Interrupt routine (ASUB)............................................................................................................ 124
1.14.1 Function of an interrupt routine ................................................................................................. 124
1.14.2 Creating an interrupt routine ..................................................................................................... 125
1.14.3 Assign and start interrupt routine (SETINT, PRIO, BLSYNC) .................................................. 126
1.14.4 Deactivating/reactivating the assignment of an interrupt routine (DISABLE, ENABLE)........... 129
1.14.5 Delete assignment of interrupt routine (CLRINT) ..................................................................... 130
1.14.6 Fast retraction from the contour (SETINT LIFTFAST, ALF) ..................................................... 131
1.14.7 Traversing direction for fast retraction from the contour ........................................................... 134
1.14.8 Motion sequence for interrupt routines ..................................................................................... 137
1.15 Axis replacement, spindle replacement (RELEASE, GET, GETD)........................................... 138
1.16 Transfer axis to another channel (AXTOCHAN)....................................................................... 144
1.17 Activate machine data (NEWCONF)......................................................................................... 146
1.18 Write file (WRITE) ..................................................................................................................... 147
1.19 Delete file (DELETE)................................................................................................................. 151
1.20 Read lines in the file (READ) .................................................................................................... 153
1.21 Check for presence of file (ISFILE)........................................................................................... 157
1.22 Read out file information (FILEDATE, FILETIME, FILESIZE, FILESTAT, FILEINFO) ............. 159
1.23 Checksum calculation using an array (CHECKSUM) ............................................................... 162
1.24 Roundup (ROUNDUP).............................................................................................................. 164
1.25 Subprogram technique.............................................................................................................. 165
1.25.1 General information................................................................................................................... 165
1.25.1.1 Subprogram .............................................................................................................................. 165
1.25.1.2 Subprogram names................................................................................................................... 166
1.25.1.3 Nesting of subprograms............................................................................................................ 167
1.25.1.4 Search path............................................................................................................................... 169
1.25.1.5 Formal and actual parameters .................................................................................................. 169
1.25.1.6 Parameter transfer .................................................................................................................... 170
1.25.2 Definition of a subprogram........................................................................................................ 173
1.25.2.1 Subprogram without parameter transfer ................................................................................... 173
1.25.2.2 Subprogram with call-by-value parameter transfer (PROC) ..................................................... 174
1.25.2.3 Subprogram with call-by-reference parameter transfer (PROC, VAR)..................................... 176
1.25.2.4 Save modal G functions (SAVE)............................................................................................... 178
1.25.2.5 Suppress single block execution (SBLOF, SBLON) ................................................................. 180
1.25.2.6 Suppress current block display (DISPLOF, DISPLON, ACTBLOCNO).................................... 187
1.25.2.7 Identifying subprograms with preparation (PREPRO) .............................................................. 192
1.25.2.8 Subprogram return M17............................................................................................................ 193
1.25.2.9 RET subprogram return ............................................................................................................ 194
1.25.2.10 Parameterizable subprogram return jump (RET ...).................................................................. 195
1.25.3 Subprogram call ........................................................................................................................ 203
1.25.3.1 Subprogram call without parameter transfer............................................................................. 203
1.25.3.2 Subprogram call with parameter transfer (EXTERN)................................................................ 205
1.25.3.3 Number of program repetitions (P) ........................................................................................... 208

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1.25.3.4 Modal subprogram call (MCALL) ...............................................................................................210
1.25.3.5 Indirect subprogram call (CALL) ................................................................................................212
1.25.3.6 Indirect subprogram call with specification of the calling program part
(CALL BLOCK ... TO ...) ............................................................................................................214
1.25.3.7 Indirect call of a program programmed in ISO language (ISOCALL) ........................................216
1.25.3.8 Calling subroutine with path specification and parameters (PCALL).........................................217
1.25.3.9 Extend search path for subprogram calls (CALLPATH) ............................................................218
1.25.3.10 Execute external subroutine (EXTCALL)...................................................................................220
1.25.4 Cycles ........................................................................................................................................225
1.25.4.1 Cycles: Setting parameters for user cycles ...............................................................................225
1.26 Macro technique (DEFINE ... AS)..............................................................................................229
2 File and program management.............................................................................................................. 233
2.1 Program memory .......................................................................................................................233
2.2 Working memory (CHANDATA, COMPLETE, INITIAL) ............................................................239
2.3 Structuring instruction in step editor (SEFORM)........................................................................242
3 Protection zones.................................................................................................................................... 243
3.1 Definition of the protection zones (CPROTDEF, NPROTDEF) .................................................243
3.2 Activating/deactivating protection zones (CPROT, NPROT).....................................................247
3.3 Checking for protection zone violation, working area limitation and software limits
(CALCPOSI)...............................................................................................................................252
4 Special motion commands..................................................................................................................... 261
4.1 Approaching coded positions (CAC, CIC, CDC, CACP, CACN) ...............................................261
4.2 Spline interpolation (ASPLINE, BSPLINE, CSPLINE, BAUTO, BNAT, BTAN, EAUTO,
ENAT, ETAN, PW, SD, PL) .......................................................................................................263
4.3 Spline grouping (SPLINEPATH) ................................................................................................276
4.4 NC block compression (COMPON, COMPCURV, COMPCAD, COMPOF)..............................278
4.5 Polynomial interpolation (POLY, POLYPATH, PO, PL).............................................................281
4.6 Settable path reference (SPATH, UPATH)................................................................................288
4.7 Measurements with touch trigger probe (MEAS, MEAW) .........................................................292
4.8 Extended measuring function (MEASA, MEAWA, MEAC) (option)...........................................295
4.9 Special functions for OEM users (OEMIPO1, OEMIPO2, G810 to G829) ................................307
4.10 Feed reduction with corner deceleration (FENDNORM, G62, G621)........................................308
4.11 Programmed end-of-motion criterion (FINEA, COARSEA, IPOENDA, IPOBRKA,
ADISPOSA)................................................................................................................................309
4.12 Programmable servo parameter set (SCPARA) ........................................................................313
5 Coordinate transformation (FRAMES) ................................................................................................... 315
5.1 Coordinate transformation via frame variables ..........................................................................315
5.1.1 Predefined frame variable ($P_BFRAME, $P_IFRAME, $P_PFRAME, $P_ACTFRAME)........317
5.2 Frame variables/assigning values to frames .............................................................................323
5.2.1 Assigning direct values (axis value, angle, scale) .....................................................................323
5.2.2 Reading and changing frame components (TR, FI, RT, SC, MI)...............................................326
5.2.3 Linking complete frames ............................................................................................................328

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5.2.4 Defining new frames (DEF FRAME) ......................................................................................... 329
5.3 Coarse and fine offsets (CFINE, CTRANS).............................................................................. 330
5.4 External zero offset ................................................................................................................... 332
5.5 Preset offset (PRESETON)....................................................................................................... 333
5.6 Frame calculation from three measuring points in space (MEAFRAME) ................................. 335
5.7 NCU global frames.................................................................................................................... 339
5.7.1 Channel-specific frames ($P_CHBFR, $P_UBFR) ................................................................... 340
5.7.2 Frames active in the channel .................................................................................................... 341
6 Transformations..................................................................................................................................... 347
6.1 General programming of transformation types ......................................................................... 347
6.1.1 Orientation movements for transformations.............................................................................. 350
6.1.2 Overview of orientation transformation TRAORI....................................................................... 354
6.2 Three, four and five axis transformation (TRAORI) .................................................................. 356
6.2.1 General relationships of universal tool head............................................................................. 356
6.2.2 Three, four and five axis transformation (TRAORI) .................................................................. 359
6.2.3 Variants of orientation programming and initial setting (ORIRESET)....................................... 361
6.2.4 Programming of the tool orientation (A..., B..., C..., LEAD, TILT)............................................. 364
6.2.5 Face milling (3D-milling A4, B4, C4, A5, B5, C5)...................................................................... 372
6.2.6 Orientation axis reference (ORIWKS, ORIMKS)....................................................................... 374
6.2.7 Programming orientation axes (ORIAXES, ORIVECT, ORIEULER, ORIRPY, ORIRPY2,
ORIVIRT1, ORIVIRT2).............................................................................................................. 377
6.2.8 Orientation programming along the peripheral surface of a taper (ORIPLANE,
ORICONCW, ORICONCCW, ORICONTO, ORICONIO).......................................................... 380
6.2.9 Specification of orientation for two contact points (ORICURVE, PO[XH]=, PO[YH]=,
PO[ZH]=) ................................................................................................................................... 385
6.3 Orientation polynomials (PO[angle], PO[coordinate])............................................................... 387
6.4 Rotations of the tool orientation (ORIROTA, ORIROTR, ORIROTT, ORIROTC, THETA)....... 390
6.5 Orientations relative to the path ................................................................................................ 393
6.5.1 Orientation types relative to the path ........................................................................................ 393
6.5.2 Rotation of the tool orientation relative to the path (ORIPATH, ORIPATHS, angle of
rotation) ..................................................................................................................................... 395
6.5.3 Interpolation of the tool rotation relative to the path (ORIROTC, THETA)................................ 397
6.5.4 Smoothing of orientation characteristic (ORIPATHS A8=, B8=, C8=) ...................................... 400
6.6 Compression of the orientation (COMPON, COMPCURV, COMPCAD).................................. 402
6.7 Smoothing the orientation characteristic (ORISON, ORISOF) ................................................. 406
6.8 Kinematic transformation .......................................................................................................... 409
6.8.1 Milling on turned parts (TRANSMIT)......................................................................................... 409
6.8.2 Cylinder surface transformation (TRACYL) .............................................................................. 412
6.8.3 Inclined axis (TRAANG) ............................................................................................................ 422
6.8.4 Inclined axis programming (G05, G07) ..................................................................................... 426
6.9 Cartesian PTP travel ................................................................................................................. 428
6.9.1 PTP for TRANSMIT................................................................................................................... 435
6.10 Constraints when selecting a transformation............................................................................ 440
6.11 Deselect transformation (TRAFOOF) ....................................................................................... 442
6.12 Chained transformations (TRACON, TRAFOOF)..................................................................... 443

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7 Tool offsets............................................................................................................................................ 447
7.1 Offset memory............................................................................................................................447
7.2 Additive offsets...........................................................................................................................451
7.2.1 Selecting additive offsets (DL) ...................................................................................................451
7.2.2 Specify wear and setup values ($TC_SCPxy[t,d], $TC_ECPxy[t,d]) .........................................453
7.2.3 Delete additive offsets (DELDL).................................................................................................454
7.3 Special handling of tool offsets ..................................................................................................455
7.3.1 Mirroring of tool lengths .............................................................................................................457
7.3.2 Wear sign evaluation .................................................................................................................458
7.3.3 Coordinate system of the active machining operation (TOWSTD, TOWMCS, TOWWCS,
TOWBCS, TOWTCS, TOWKCS)...............................................................................................460
7.3.4 Tool length and plane change....................................................................................................463
7.4 Online tool offset (PUTFTOCF, FCTDEF, PUTFTOC, FTOCON, FTOCOF)............................465
7.5 Activate 3D tool offsets (CUT3DC..., CUT3DF...)......................................................................471
7.5.1 Activating 3D tool offsets (CUT3DC, CUT3DF, CUT3DFS, CUT3DFF, ISD)............................471
7.5.2 3D tool offset peripheral milling, face milling .............................................................................474
7.5.3 3D tool offset Tool shapes and tool data for face milling...........................................................476
7.5.4 3D tool offset Compensation on the path, path curvature, insertion depth (CUT3DC, ISD) .....478
7.5.5 3D tool offset Inside/outside corners and intersection procedure (G450/G451) .......................481
7.5.6 3D tool offset 3D circumferential milling with limitation surfaces...............................................483
7.5.7 3D tool offset Taking into consideration a limitation surface (CUT3DCC, CUT3DCCD)...........484
7.6 Tool orientation (ORIC, ORID, OSOF, OSC, OSS, OSSE, ORIS, OSD, OST).........................489
7.7 Free assignment of D numbers, cutting edge numbers.............................................................497
7.7.1 Free assignment of D numbers, cutting edge numbers (CE address) ......................................497
7.7.2 Free assignment of D numbers: Checking D numbers (CHKDNO)...........................................498
7.7.3 Free assignment of D numbers: Rename D numbers (GETDNO, SETDNO) ...........................499
7.7.4 Free assignment of D numbers: Determine T number to the specified D number
(GETACTTD) .............................................................................................................................501
7.7.5 Free assignment of D numbers: Invalidate D numbers (DZERO) .............................................502
7.8 Tool holder kinematics ...............................................................................................................503
7.9 Tool length compensation for orientable toolholders (TCARR, TCOABS, TCOFR,
TCOFRX, TCOFRY, TCOFRZ)..................................................................................................510
7.10 Online tool length compensation (TOFFON, TOFFOF).............................................................514
7.11 Cutting data modification for tools that can be rotated (CUTMOD)...........................................517
8 Path traversing behavior........................................................................................................................ 525
8.1 Tangential control (TANG, TANGON, TANGOF, TLIFT, TANGDEL)........................................525
8.2 Feedrate response (FNORM, FLIN, FCUB, FPO) .....................................................................534
8.3 Program sequence with preprocessing memory (STOPFIFO, STARTFIFO, FIFOCTRL,
STOPRE) ...................................................................................................................................540
8.4 Conditionally interruptible program sections (DELAYFSTON, DELAYFSTOF) ........................543
8.5 Preventing program position for SERUPRO (IPTRLOCK, IPTRUNLOCK)...............................550
8.6 Repositioning to a contour (REPOSA, REPOSL, REPOSQ, REPOSQA, REPOSH,
REPOSHA, DISR, DISPR, RMI, RMB, RME, RMN)..................................................................553
8.7 Influencing the motion control....................................................................................................563

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8.7.1 Percentage jerk correction (JERKLIM) ..................................................................................... 563
8.7.2 Percentage velocity correction (VELOLIM)............................................................................... 564
8.7.3 Program example for JERKLIM and VELOLIM......................................................................... 565
8.8 Programmable contour/orientation tolerance (CTOL, OTOL, ATOL) ....................................... 566
9 Axis couplings........................................................................................................................................ 571
9.1 Coupled motion (TRAILON, TRAILOF)..................................................................................... 571
9.2 Curve tables (CTAB)................................................................................................................. 576
9.2.1 Define curve tables (CTABDEF, CATBEND)............................................................................ 577
9.2.2 Check for presence of curve table (CTABEXISTS) .................................................................. 585
9.2.3 Delete curve tables (CTABDEL) ............................................................................................... 585
9.2.4 Locking curve tables to prevent deletion and overwriting (CTABLOCK, CTABUNLOCK) ....... 587
9.2.5 Curve tables: Determine table properties (CTABID, CTABISLOCK, CTABMEMTYP,
CTABPERIOD).......................................................................................................................... 589
9.2.6 Read curve table values (CTABTSV, CTABTEV, CTABTSP, CTABTEP, CTABSSV,
CTABSEV, CTAB, CTABINV, CTABTMIN, CTABTMAX)......................................................... 591
9.2.7 Curve tables: Check use of resources (CTABNO, CTABNOMEM, CTABFNO,
CTABSEGID, CTABSEG, CTABFSEG, CTABMSEG, CTABPOLID, CTABPOL,
CTABFPOL, CTABMPOL) ........................................................................................................ 597
9.3 Axial leading value coupling (LEADON, LEADOF)................................................................... 599
9.4 Electronic gear (EG).................................................................................................................. 606
9.4.1 Defining an electronic gear (EGDEF) ....................................................................................... 606
9.4.2 Switch-in the electronic gearbox (EGON, EGONSYN, EGONSYNE) ...................................... 608
9.4.3 Switching-in the electronic gearbox (EGOFS, EGOFC) ........................................................... 611
9.4.4 Deleting the definition of an electronic gear (EGDEL) .............................................................. 613
9.4.5 Rotational feedrate (G95) / electronic gear (FPR) .................................................................... 613
9.5 Synchronous spindle................................................................................................................. 614
9.5.1 Synchronous spindle: Programming (COUPDEF, COUPDEL, COUPON, COUPONC,
COUPOF, COUPOFS, COUPRES, WAITC) ............................................................................ 615
9.6 Master/slave group (MASLDEF, MASLDEL, MASLON, MASLOF, MASLOFS)....................... 629
10 Motion synchronous actions .................................................................................................................. 635
10.1 Basics........................................................................................................................................ 635
10.1.1 Area of validity and machining sequence (ID, IDS) .................................................................. 638
10.1.2 Cyclically checking the condition (WHEN, WHENEVER, FROM, EVERY) .............................. 640
10.1.3 Actions (DO).............................................................................................................................. 643
10.2 Operators for conditions and actions ........................................................................................ 644
10.3 Main run variables for synchronized actions............................................................................. 646
10.3.1 System variables....................................................................................................................... 646
10.3.2 Implicit type conversion............................................................................................................. 648
10.3.3 GUD variables........................................................................................................................... 649
10.3.4 Default axis identifier (NO_AXIS).............................................................................................. 651
10.3.5 Synchronized action marker ($AC_MARKER[n])...................................................................... 652
10.3.6 Synchronized action parameters ($AC_PARAM[n]) ................................................................. 653
10.3.7 Arithmetic parameter ($R[n])..................................................................................................... 654
10.3.8 Read and write NC machine and NC setting data .................................................................... 655
10.3.9 Timer variable ($AC_Timer[n]).................................................................................................. 657
10.3.10 FIFO variables ($AC_FIFO1[n] ... $AC_FIFO10[n]).................................................................. 658
10.3.11 Information about block types in the interpolator ($AC_BLOCKTYPE,
$AC_BLOCKTYPEINFO, $AC_SPLITBLOCK)......................................................................... 660

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10.4 Actions in synchronized actions.................................................................................................663
10.4.1 Overview of possible actions in synchronized actions...............................................................663
10.4.2 Output of auxiliary functions.......................................................................................................666
10.4.3 Set read-in disable (RDISABLE)................................................................................................667
10.4.4 Cancel preprocessing stop (STOPREOF) .................................................................................668
10.4.5 Delete distance-to-go (DELDTG)...............................................................................................669
10.4.6 Polynomial definition (FCTDEF) ................................................................................................671
10.4.7 Synchronized function (SYNFCT)..............................................................................................674
10.4.8 Closed-loop clearance control with limited correction ($AA_OFF_MODE) ...............................677
10.4.9 Online tool offset (FTOC)...........................................................................................................680
10.4.10 Online tool length compensation ($AA_TOFF)..........................................................................683
10.4.11 Positioning movements..............................................................................................................685
10.4.12 Position axis (POS)....................................................................................................................686
10.4.13 Position in specified reference range (POSRANGE).................................................................688
10.4.14 Start/stop axis (MOV).................................................................................................................689
10.4.15 Axis replacement (RELEASE, GET)..........................................................................................690
10.4.16 Axial feed (FA) ...........................................................................................................................695
10.4.17 Software limit switch ..................................................................................................................695
10.4.18 Axis coordination........................................................................................................................696
10.4.19 Set actual values (PRESETON) ................................................................................................697
10.4.20 Spindle motions .........................................................................................................................698
10.4.21 Coupled motion (TRAILON, TRAILOF) .....................................................................................699
10.4.22 Leading value coupling (LEADON, LEADOF) ...........................................................................701
10.4.23 Measuring (MEAWA, MEAC).....................................................................................................704
10.4.24 Initialization of array variables (SET, REP)................................................................................705
10.4.25 Set/delete wait markers (SETM, CLEARM)...............................................................................706
10.4.26 Fault responses (SETAL)...........................................................................................................707
10.4.27 Travel to fixed stop (FXS, FXST, FXSW, FOCON, FOCOF).....................................................708
10.4.28 Determining the path tangent in synchronized actions..............................................................711
10.4.29 Determining the current override ...............................................................................................711
10.4.30 Time use evaluation of synchronized actions............................................................................712
10.5 Technology cycles .....................................................................................................................714
10.5.1 Context variable ($P_TECCYCLE) ............................................................................................718
10.5.2 Call-by-value parameters...........................................................................................................719
10.5.3 Default parameter initialization...................................................................................................719
10.5.4 Control processing of technology cycles (ICYCOF, ICYCON) ..................................................720
10.5.5 Cascading technology cycles.....................................................................................................721
10.5.6 Technology cycles in non-modal synchronized actions.............................................................722
10.5.7 Check structures (IF) .................................................................................................................722
10.5.8 Jump instructions (GOTO, GOTOF, GOTOB) ...........................................................................723
10.5.9 Lock, unlock, reset (LOCK, UNLOCK, RESET).........................................................................724
10.6 Delete synchronized action (CANCEL)......................................................................................726
10.7 Control behavior in specific operating states.............................................................................727
11 Oscillation.............................................................................................................................................. 731
11.1 Asynchronous oscillation (OS, OSP1, OSP2, OST1, OST2, OSCTRL, OSNSC, OSE, OSB) ...731
11.2 Oscillation controlled by synchronized actions (OSCILL)..........................................................738
12 Punching and nibbling ........................................................................................................................... 747
12.1 Activation, deactivation ..............................................................................................................747
12.1.1 Punching and nibbling on or off (SPOF, SON, PON, SONS, PONS, PDELAYON,
PDELAYOF, PUNCHACC) ........................................................................................................747
12.2 Automatic path segmentation ....................................................................................................754

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12.2.1 Path segmentation for path axes .............................................................................................. 757
12.2.2 Path segmentation for single axes............................................................................................ 759
13 Grinding................................................................................................................................................. 761
13.1 Grinding-specific tool monitoring in the part program (TMON, TMOF)..................................... 761
14 Additional functions................................................................................................................................ 765
14.1 Axis functions (AXNAME, AX, SPI, AXTOSPI, ISAXIS, AXSTRING, MODAXVAL)................. 765
14.2 Replaceable geometry axes (GEOAX) ..................................................................................... 768
14.3 Axis container (AXCTSWE, AXCTSWED)................................................................................ 774
14.4 Check scope of NC language present (STRINGIS).................................................................. 778
14.5 Function call ISVAR and read machine data array index ......................................................... 785
14.6 Learn compensation characteristics (QECLRNON, QECLRNOF) ........................................... 788
14.7 Interactively call the window from the part program (MMC) ..................................................... 790
14.8 Program runtime/part counter ................................................................................................... 791
14.8.1 Program runtime/part counter (overview) ................................................................................. 791
14.8.2 Program runtime ....................................................................................................................... 791
14.8.3 Workpiece counter .................................................................................................................... 796
14.9 Alarms (SETAL) ........................................................................................................................ 798
15 User stock removal programs................................................................................................................ 801
15.1 Supporting functions for stock removal..................................................................................... 801
15.2 Generate contour table (CONTPRON) ..................................................................................... 802
15.3 Generate coded contour table (CONTDCON) .......................................................................... 810
15.4 Determine point of intersection between two contour elements (INTERSEC) ......................... 815
15.5 Execute the contour elements of a table block-by-block (EXECTAB) ...................................... 817
15.6 Calculate circle data (CALCDAT) ............................................................................................. 818
15.7 Deactivate contour preparation (EXECUTE) ............................................................................ 820
16 Tables.................................................................................................................................................... 821
16.1 List of statements ...................................................................................................................... 821
A Appendix................................................................................................................................................ 905
A.1 List of abbreviations .................................................................................................................. 905
A.2 Feedback on the documentation............................................................................................... 911
A.3 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 913
Glossary ................................................................................................................................................ 915
Index...................................................................................................................................................... 941

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Flexible NC programming 1
1.1 1.1 Variables
1.1.1 General information about variables
The use of variables, especially in conjunction with arithmetic functions and check structures,
enables part programs and cycles to be set up with extremely high levels of flexibility. For
this purpose the system makes three different types of variable available.
● System variables
System variables are variables with a fixed predefined meaning; they are defined in the
system and made available to the user. They are also read and written by the system
software. Example: Machine data
The meaning of a system variable is, to a large extent, predefined by the system and its
properties are fixed. However, minor modifications can be made to the properties by the
user in the form of redefinition. See "Redefinition of system variables, user variables, and
NC language commands (REDEF) (Page 31)".
● User variables
User variables are variables whose meaning is not known to the system; they are not
evaluated by the system. The meaning is defined exclusively by the user.

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User variables are subdivided into:
– Predefined user variables
Predefined user variables are variables which have already been defined in the
system and whose number simply has to be parameterized by the user via specific
machine data. The user can make significant changes to the properties of these
variables. See "Redefinition of system variables, user variables, and NC language
commands (REDEF) (Page 31)".
– User-defined variables
User-defined variables are variables which are defined exclusively by the user and are
not created by the system until runtime. Their number, data type, visibility, and all
other properties are defined exclusively by the user.
See "Definition of user variables (DEF) (Page 24)".
See also
System variables (Page 16)
Predefined user variables: Arithmetic parameters (R) (Page 19)
Predefined user variables: Link variables (Page 21)
1.1.2 System variables
System variables are variables which are predefined in the system and provide access to the
current parameter settings associated with the control, as well as machine, control, and
process statuses, in part programs and cycles.
Preprocessing variables
Preprocessing variables are system variables which are read and written in the context of
preprocessing; in other words at the point in time at which the part program block in which
the system variable is programmed is interpreted. Preprocessing variables do not trigger
preprocessing stops.

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Main run variables
Main run variables are system variables which are read and written in the context of the main
run; in other words at the point in time at which the part program block in which the system
variable is programmed is executed. The following are main run variables:
● System variables which can be programmed in synchronized actions (read/write)
● System variables which can be programmed in the part program and trigger
preprocessing stops (read/write)
● System variables which can be programmed in the part program and whose value is
calculated during preprocessing but not written until the main run (main run synchronized:
write only).
Prefix system
In order that they can be specifically identified, the names of system variables are usually
preceded by a prefix comprising the $ sign followed by one or two letters and an underscore.
$ + 1st letter Significance: Data type
System variables which are read/written during preprocessing
$M Machine data 1)
$S Setting data, protection zones 1)
$T Tool management data
$P Programmed values
$C Cycle variables of ISO envelope cycles
$O Option data
R R-parameters (arithmetic parameters) 2)
System variables which are read/written during the main run
$$M Machine data 1)
$$S Setting data 1)
$A Up-to-date main run data
$V Servo data
$R R-parameters (arithmetic parameters) 2)
1) When machine and setting data are used in the part program/cycle as preprocessing variables, the
prefix is written with one $ sign. When they are used in synchronized actions as main run variables,
the prefix is written with 2 $ characters.
2) When an R-parameter is used in the part program/cycle as a preprocessing variable the prefix is
omitted, e.g. R10. When it is used in a synchronized action as a main run variable, a $ sign is written
as a prefix, e.g. $R10.

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2nd letter Significance: Visibility
N NCK-global variable (NCK)
C Channel-specific variable (Channel)
A Axis-specific variable (Axis)
General conditions
Exceptions to the rules of the prefix system
The following system variables deviate from the rules of the prefix system described above:
● $TC_...: Here, the second letter C does not refer to channel-specific system variables but
to toolholder-specific system variables (TC= tool carrier).
● $P_ ...: Channel-specific system variables
Use of machine and setting data in synchronized actions
When machine and setting data are used in synchronized actions, the prefix can be used to
define whether the machine or setting data will be read synchronous to the preprocessing
run or the main run.
If the data remains unchanged during machining, it can be read synchronous to the
preprocessing run. For this purpose, the machine or setting data prefix is written with a $
sign:
Program code
ID=1 WHENEVER G710 $AA_IM[z] < $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[Z]–6 DO $AA_OVR[X]=0
If the data changes during machining, it must be read/written synchronous to the main run.
For this purpose, the machine or setting data prefix is written with two $ signs:
Program code
ID=1 WHENEVER $AA_IM[z] < $$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[Z]–6 DO $AA_OVR[X]=0

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Note
Writing machine data
When writing an item of machine or setting data, it is important to ensure that the access
level which is active when the part program/cycle is executed permits write access and that
the data is set to take "IMMEDIATE" effect.
References
A list of the properties of all system variables appears in:
/PGA1/ Parameter Manual, System Variables
See also
Data types (Page 57)
1.1.3 Predefined user variables: Arithmetic parameters (R)
Function
Arithmetic parameters or R-parameters are predefined user variables with the designation R,
defined as an array of the REAL data type. For historical reasons, notation both with array
index, e.g. R[10], and without array index, e.g. R10, is permitted for R-parameters.
When using synchronized actions, the $ sign must be included as a prefix, e.g. $R10.
Syntax
When used as a preprocessing variable:
R<n>
R[<expression>]
When used as a main run variable:
$R<n>
$R[<expression>]

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Significance
R: Identifier when used as a preprocessing variable, e.g. in the part
program
$R: Identifier when used as a main run variable, e.g. in synchronized actions
Type: REAL
Range of values: For a non-exponential notation:
± (0.000 0001 to 9999 9999)
Note:
A maximum of 8 decimal places are permitted.
For an exponential notation:
± (1*10-300 to 1*10+300)
Note:
•Notation: <Mantisse>EX<exponent> e.g. 8.2EX-3
•A maximum of 10 characters are permitted
including sign and decimal point.
Number of the R-parameter
Type: INT
<n>:
Range of values: 0 - MAX_INDEX
Note
MAX_INDEX is calculated from the parameterized
number of R-parameters:
MAX_INDEX = (MD28050
$MN_MM_NUM_R_PARAM) - 1
<expression>: Array index
Any expression can be used as an array index, as long as the result of
the expression can be converted into the INT data type (INT, REAL,
BOOL, CHAR).