Siemens SINUMERIK 840D sl Owner's manual

SINUMERIK
SINUMERIK 840D sl / 828D
Job Planning
Programming Manual
Valid for
Control
SINUMERIK 840D sl / 840DE sl
SINUMERIK 828D
Software Version
CNC software 4.5 SP2
03/2013
6FC5398-2BP40-3BA1
Preface
Flexible NC programming
1
File and Program
Management
2
Protection zones
3
Special motion commands
4
Coordinate transformations
(frames)
5
Transformations
6
Kinematic chains
7
Collision avoidance with
kinematic chains
8
Tool offsets
9
Path traversing behavior
10
Axis couplings
11
Synchronized actions
12
Oscillation
13
Punching and nibbling
14
Grinding
15
Additional functions
16
User stock removal
programs
17
Programming cycles
externally
18
Tables
19
Appendix
A

Siemens AG
Industry Sector
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90026 NÜRNBERG
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Order number: 6FC5398-2BP40-3BA1
Ⓟ 04/2013 Technical data subject to change
Copyright © Siemens AG 1995 - 2013.
All rights reserved
Legal information
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damage to property. The notices referring to your personal safety are highlighted in the manual by a safety alert
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DANGER
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WARNING
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CAUTION
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NOTICE
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If more than one degree of danger is present, the warning notice representing the highest degree of danger will
be used. A notice warning of injury to persons with a safety alert symbol may also include a warning relating to
property damage.
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The product/system described in this documentation may be operated only by personnel qualified for the specific
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Disclaimer of Liability
We have reviewed the contents of this publication to ensure consistency with the hardware and software
described. Since variance cannot be precluded entirely, we cannot guarantee full consistency. However, the
information in this publication is reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections are included in subsequent
editions.

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Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-2BP40-3BA1 3
Preface
SINUMERIK documentation
The SINUMERIK documentation is organized in the following categories:
● General documentation
● User documentation
● Manufacturer/service documentation
Additional information
You can find information on the following topics at www.siemens.com/motioncontrol/docu:
● Ordering documentation/overview of documentation
● Additional links to download documents
● Using documentation online (find and search in manuals/information)
Please send any questions about the technical documentation (e.g. suggestions for
improvement, corrections) to the following address:
[e-mail]
My Documentation Manager (MDM)
Under the following link you will find information to individually compile OEM-specific
machine documentation based on the Siemens content:
www.siemens.com/mdm
Training
For information about the range of training courses, refer under:
● www.siemens.com/sitrain
SITRAIN - Siemens training for products, systems and solutions in automation technology
● www.siemens.com/sinutrain
SinuTrain - training software for SINUMERIK

Preface
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4 Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-2BP40-3BA1
FAQs
You can find Frequently Asked Questions in the Service&Support pages under Product
Support. http://support.automation.siemens.com
SINUMERIK
You can find information on SINUMERIK under the following link:
www.siemens.com/sinumerik
Target group
This publication is intended for:
● Programmers
● Project engineers
Benefits
With the programming manual, the target group can develop, write, test, and debug
programs and software user interfaces.
Standard scope
This Programming Manual describes the functionality afforded by standard functions.
Extensions or changes made by the machine tool manufacturer are documented by the
machine tool manufacturer.
Other functions not described in this documentation might be executable in the control. This
does not, however, represent an obligation to supply such functions with a new control or
when servicing.
Further, for the sake of simplicity, this documentation does not contain all detailed
information about all types of the product and cannot cover every conceivable case of
installation, operation or maintenance.
Technical Support
You will find telephone numbers for other countries for technical support in the Internet under
http://www.siemens.com/automation/service&support

Preface
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Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-2BP40-3BA1 5
Information on structure and contents
"Fundamentals" and "Job planning" Programming Manual
The description of the NC programming is divided into two manuals:
1. Fundamentals
The "Fundamentals" Programming Manual is intended for use by skilled machine
operators with the appropriate expertise in drilling, milling and turning operations. Simple
programming examples are used to explain the commands and statements which are
also defined according to DIN 66025.
2. Job planning
This "Job planning" Programming Manual is intended for use by technicians with in-depth,
comprehensive programming knowledge. By virtue of a special programming language,
the SINUMERIK control enables the user to program complex workpiece programs (e.g.
for free-form surfaces, channel coordination, ...) and makes programming of complicated
operations easy for technologists.
Availability of the described NC language elements
All NC language elements described in the manual are available for the SINUMERIK
840D sl. The availability regarding SINUMERIK 828D can be found in table "Operations:
Availability for SINUMERIK 828D (Page 778)".

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Table of contents
Preface ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
1 Flexible NC programming ........................................................................................................................ 17
1.1 Variables ......................................................................................................................................17
1.1.1 System variable............................................................................................................................17
1.1.2 Predefined user variables: Arithmetic parameters (R).................................................................20
1.1.3 Predefined user variables: Link variables....................................................................................21
1.1.4 Definition of user variables (DEF)................................................................................................24
1.1.5 Redefinition of system variables, user variables, and NC language commands (REDEF).........29
1.1.6 Attribute: Initialization value .........................................................................................................32
1.1.7 Attribute: Limit values (LLI, ULI)...................................................................................................35
1.1.8 Attribute: Physical unit (PHU) ......................................................................................................37
1.1.9 Attribute: Access rights (APR, APW, APRP, APWP, APRB, APWB)..........................................39
1.1.10 Overview of definable and redefinable attributes.........................................................................44
1.1.11 Definition and initialization of array variables (DEF, SET, REP) .................................................45
1.1.12 Definition and initialization of array variables (DEF, SET, REP): Further Information.................49
1.1.13 Data types....................................................................................................................................52
1.1.14 Explicit data type conversions (AXTOINT, INTTOAX).................................................................53
1.1.15 Check availability of a variable (ISVAR) ......................................................................................54
1.1.16 Read attribute values / data type (GETVARPHU, GETVARAP, GETVARLIM,
GETVARDFT, GETVARTYP) ......................................................................................................56
1.2 Indirect programming ...................................................................................................................61
1.2.1 Indirectly programming addresses...............................................................................................61
1.2.2 Indirectly programming G codes..................................................................................................64
1.2.3 Indirectly programming position attributes (GP) ..........................................................................65
1.2.4 Indirectly programming part program lines (EXECSTRING) .......................................................68
1.3 Arithmetic functions......................................................................................................................69
1.4 Comparison and logic operations ................................................................................................71
1.5 Precision correction on comparison errors (TRUNC) ..................................................................73
1.6 Variable minimum, maximum and range (MINVAL, MAXVAL and BOUND) ..............................74
1.7 Priority of the operations..............................................................................................................76
1.8 Possible type conversions ...........................................................................................................77
1.9 String operations..........................................................................................................................78
1.9.1 Type conversion to STRING (AXSTRING) ..................................................................................78
1.9.2 Type conversion from STRING (NUMBER, ISNUMBER, AXNAME) ..........................................79
1.9.3 Concatenation of strings (<<).......................................................................................................81
1.9.4 Conversion to lower/upper case letters (TOLOWER, TOUPPER) ..............................................82
1.9.5 Determine length of string (STRLEN) ..........................................................................................83
1.9.6 Search for character/string in the string (INDEX, RINDEX, MINDEX, MATCH)..........................83
1.9.7 Selection of a substring (SUBSTR) .............................................................................................85
1.9.8 Reading and writing of individual characters ...............................................................................85
1.9.9 Formatting a string (SPRINT) ......................................................................................................87

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1.10 Program jumps and branches..................................................................................................... 96
1.10.1 Return jump to the start of the program (GOTOS)...................................................................... 96
1.10.2 Program jumps to jump markers (GOTOB, GOTOF, GOTO, GOTOC)...................................... 97
1.10.3 Program branch (CASE ... OF ... DEFAULT ...)........................................................................ 100
1.11 Repeat program section (REPEAT, REPEATB, ENDLABEL, P).............................................. 102
1.12 Check structures ....................................................................................................................... 108
1.12.1 Conditional statement and branch (IF, ELSE, ENDIF) ............................................................. 110
1.12.2 Continuous program loop (LOOP, ENDLOOP)......................................................................... 111
1.12.3 Count loop (FOR ... TO ..., ENDFOR) ...................................................................................... 112
1.12.4 Program loop with condition at start of loop (WHILE, ENDWHILE).......................................... 114
1.12.5 Program loop with condition at the end of the loop (REPEAT, UNTIL) .................................... 115
1.12.6 Program example with nested check structures ....................................................................... 115
1.13 Program coordination (INIT, START, WAITM, WAITMC, WAITE, SETM, CLEARM) .............. 116
1.14 Interrupt routine (ASUB)............................................................................................................ 121
1.14.1 Function of an interrupt routine ................................................................................................. 121
1.14.2 Creating an interrupt routine ..................................................................................................... 123
1.14.3 Assign and start interrupt routine (SETINT, PRIO, BLSYNC) .................................................. 124
1.14.4 Deactivating/reactivating the assignment of an interrupt routine (DISABLE, ENABLE)........... 125
1.14.5 Delete assignment of interrupt routine (CLRINT) ..................................................................... 126
1.14.6 Fast retraction from the contour (SETINT LIFTFAST, ALF) ..................................................... 127
1.14.7 Traversing direction for fast retraction from the contour ........................................................... 129
1.14.8 Motion sequence for interrupt routines ..................................................................................... 132
1.15 Axis replacement, spindle replacement (RELEASE, GET, GETD)........................................... 132
1.16 Transfer axis to another channel (AXTOCHAN)....................................................................... 137
1.17 Activate machine data (NEWCONF)......................................................................................... 138
1.18 Write file (WRITE) ..................................................................................................................... 139
1.19 Delete file (DELETE)................................................................................................................. 144
1.20 Read lines in the file (READ) .................................................................................................... 146
1.21 Check for presence of file (ISFILE)........................................................................................... 148
1.22 Read out file information (FILEDATE, FILETIME, FILESIZE, FILESTAT, FILEINFO) ............. 150
1.23 Roundup (ROUNDUP).............................................................................................................. 153
1.24 Subprogram technique.............................................................................................................. 154
1.24.1 General information................................................................................................................... 154
1.24.1.1 Subprogram .............................................................................................................................. 154
1.24.1.2 Subprogram names................................................................................................................... 155
1.24.1.3 Nesting of subprograms............................................................................................................ 156
1.24.1.4 Search path............................................................................................................................... 157
1.24.1.5 Formal and actual parameters .................................................................................................. 158
1.24.1.6 Parameter transfer .................................................................................................................... 159
1.24.2 Definition of a subprogram........................................................................................................ 161
1.24.2.1 Subprogram without parameter transfer ................................................................................... 161
1.24.2.2 Subprogram with call-by-value parameter transfer (PROC) ..................................................... 162
1.24.2.3 Subprogram with call-by-reference parameter transfer (PROC, VAR)..................................... 163
1.24.2.4 Save modal G functions (SAVE)............................................................................................... 166
1.24.2.5 Suppress single block execution (SBLOF, SBLON) ................................................................. 167

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1.24.2.6 Suppress current block display (DISPLOF, DISPLON, ACTBLOCNO).....................................172
1.24.2.7 Identifying subprograms with preparation (PREPRO) ...............................................................175
1.24.2.8 Subprogram return M17.............................................................................................................176
1.24.2.9 RET subprogram return .............................................................................................................177
1.24.2.10 Parameterizable subprogram return jump (RET ...) .............................................................178
1.24.3 Subprogram call.........................................................................................................................184
1.24.3.1 Subprogram call without parameter transfer..............................................................................184
1.24.3.2 Subprogram call with parameter transfer (EXTERN).................................................................187
1.24.3.3 Number of program repetitions (P) ............................................................................................189
1.24.3.4 Modal subprogram call (MCALL) ...............................................................................................191
1.24.3.5 Indirect subprogram call (CALL) ................................................................................................193
1.24.3.6 Indirect subprogram call with specification of the calling program part (CALL BLOCK ...
TO ...) .........................................................................................................................................194
1.24.3.7 Indirect call of a program programmed in ISO language (ISOCALL) ........................................195
1.24.3.8 Call subprogram with path specification and parameters (PCALL)...........................................196
1.24.3.9 Extend search path for subprogram calls (CALLPATH) ............................................................197
1.24.3.10 Execute external subprogram (840D sl) (EXTCALL)............................................................198
1.24.3.11 Execute external subprogram (828D) (EXTCALL) ...............................................................202
1.25 Macro technique (DEFINE ... AS)..............................................................................................205
2 File and Program Management ............................................................................................................. 209
2.1 Program memory .......................................................................................................................209
2.2 Working memory (CHANDATA, COMPLETE, INITIAL) ............................................................213
3 Protection zones.................................................................................................................................... 217
3.1 Defining the protection zones (CPROTDEF, NPROTDEF) .......................................................217
3.2 Activating/deactivating protection zones (CPROT, NPROT).....................................................220
3.3 Checking for protection zone violation, working area limitation and software limit switches
(CALCPOSI)...............................................................................................................................224
4 Special motion commands..................................................................................................................... 229
4.1 Approaching coded positions (CAC, CIC, CDC, CACP, CACN) ...............................................229
4.2 Spline interpolation (ASPLINE, BSPLINE, CSPLINE, BAUTO, BNAT, BTAN, EAUTO,
ENAT, ETAN, PW, SD, PL) .......................................................................................................230
4.3 Spline group (SPLINEPATH).....................................................................................................240
4.4 NC block compression (COMPON, COMPCURV, COMPCAD, COMPOF)..............................241
4.5 Polynomial interpolation (POLY, POLYPATH, PO, PL).............................................................244
4.6 Settable path reference (SPATH, UPATH)................................................................................250
4.7 Measuring with touch-trigger probe (MEAS, MEAW) ................................................................253
4.8 Axial measurement (MEASA, MEAWA, MEAC) (option)...........................................................256
4.9 Special functions for OEM users (OMA1 ... OMA5, OEMIPO1, OEMIPO2, G810 ... G829).....266
4.10 Feedrate reduction with corner deceleration (FENDNORM, G62, G621) .................................267
4.11 Programmable end of motion criteria (FINEA, COARSEA, IPOENDA, IPOBRKA,
ADISPOSA)................................................................................................................................268

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5 Coordinate transformations (frames) ..................................................................................................... 271
5.1 Coordinate transformation via frame variables ......................................................................... 271
5.1.1 Predefined frame variable ($P_IFRAME, $P_BFRAME, $P_PFRAME, $P_ACTFRAME)....... 273
5.2 Frame variables / assigning values to frames........................................................................... 278
5.2.1 Assigning direct values (axis value, angle, scale) .................................................................... 278
5.2.2 Reading and changing frame components (TR, FI, RT, SC, MI).............................................. 280
5.2.3 Linking complete frames ........................................................................................................... 282
5.2.4 Defining new frames (DEF FRAME)......................................................................................... 283
5.3 Coarse and fine offsets (CFINE, CTRANS).............................................................................. 284
5.4 External zero offset ................................................................................................................... 286
5.5 Preset offset with PRESETON.................................................................................................. 287
5.6 Frame calculation from three measuring points in space (MEAFRAME) ................................. 288
5.7 NCU global frames.................................................................................................................... 292
5.7.1 Channel-specific frames ($P_CHBFR, $P_UBFR) ................................................................... 293
5.7.2 Frames active in the channel .................................................................................................... 294
6 Transformations..................................................................................................................................... 299
6.1 General programming of transformation types ......................................................................... 299
6.1.1 Orientation movements for transformations.............................................................................. 301
6.1.2 Overview of orientation transformation TRAORI....................................................................... 305
6.2 Three, four and five axis transformation (TRAORI) .................................................................. 307
6.2.1 General relationships of universal tool head.............................................................................307
6.2.2 Three, four and five axis transformation (TRAORI) .................................................................. 310
6.2.3 Variants of orientation programming and initial setting (ORIRESET)....................................... 311
6.2.4 Programming the tool orientation (A..., B..., C..., LEAD, TILT) ................................................. 313
6.2.5 Face milling (A4, B4, C4, A5, B5, C5)....................................................................................... 319
6.2.6 Reference of the orientation axes (ORIWKS, ORIMKS):.......................................................... 321
6.2.7 Programming orientation axes (ORIAXES, ORIVECT, ORIEULER, ORIRPY, ORIRPY2,
ORIVIRT1, ORIVIRT2).............................................................................................................. 323
6.2.8 Orientation programming along the peripheral surface of a taper (ORIPLANE,
ORICONCW, ORICONCCW, ORICONTO, ORICONIO).......................................................... 326
6.2.9 Specification of orientation for two contact points (ORICURVE, PO[XH]=, PO[YH]=,
PO[ZH]=) ................................................................................................................................... 329
6.3 Orientation polynomials (PO[angle], PO[coordinate])............................................................... 331
6.4 Rotations of the tool orientation (ORIROTA, ORIROTR, ORIROTT, ORIROTC, THETA)....... 333
6.5 Orientations relative to the path ................................................................................................ 336
6.5.1 Orientation types relative to the path ........................................................................................ 336
6.5.2 Rotation of the tool orientation relative to the path (ORIPATH, ORIPATHS, angle of
rotation) ..................................................................................................................................... 337
6.5.3 Interpolation of the tool rotation relative to the path (ORIROTC, THETA)................................ 339
6.5.4 Smoothing of orientation characteristic (ORIPATHS A8=, B8=, C8=) ...................................... 341
6.6 Compression of the orientation (COMPON, COMPCURV, COMPCAD).................................. 342
6.7 Smoothing the orientation characteristic (ORISON, ORISOF) ................................................. 344
6.8 Kinematic transformation .......................................................................................................... 347
6.8.1 Milling on turned parts (TRANSMIT):........................................................................................ 347