SMAR TT 400 SIS Installation guide

TT400SIS
Smart Temperature Transmitter
for Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS)
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL
T T 4 0 0 S I S M E

web: www.smar.com/contactus.asp
www.smar.com
Specifications and information are subject to change without notice.
Up-to-date address information is available on our website.
smar

Introduction
III
INTRODUCTION
WARNING
TT400 HART®SIS has the housing cover in red to distinguish them from the other line 400
models.
The TT400 HART®SIS is a Smart Temperature Transmitter with 4-20 mA analog output and
HARTprotocol, developed for SIS (Safety Instrumented Systems) applications. It uses a HCS12
based platform, a 16-bit microcontroller which allows a complete diagnostic of possible failures in
the 4-20 mA output generations. TT400 HART®SIS is certified by TÜV for use in SIL 2 (not
redundant) and SIL 3 (redundant) for safety requirement.
The TT400 HART®SIS is a transmitter mainly intended for measurement of temperature using
RTDs or thermocouples, but can also accept other sensors with resistance or mV output such as:
pyrometers, load cells, resistance position indicators, etc. The digital technology used in the TT400
HART®SIS enables the choice of several output functions, an easy interface between the field and
the control room and several interesting features that reduce considerably the installation, operation
and maintenance costs.
The TT400 HART®SIS, besides the normal functions offered by other smart transmitters, offers the
following functions:
BACKUP SENSOR: the process measurement is made by two sensors, but only one supplies the
temperature. If it fails the other takes its place.
INPUT SELECTOR: the selection between two sensors to obtain the output value is configured by
user based in the conditions of maximum, minimum or average temperature of the sensor.
CALLENDER VAN DUSEN: allows a precise linearization of a RTD sensor based on the constants
A, B, C and R0.
PASSWORD: three configurable levels for different functions.
PARAMETER CHANGE: indicates the number of changes in each function.
LOGGED EVENT: indicates when the changes were done.
DIAGNOSES: inform the instrument status.
Get the best results of the TT400 HART®SIS by carefully reading these instructions.

TT400 HART®SIS - Operation and Maintenance Instruction Manual
IV
Acronyms and abbreviations
Acronym /
Abbreviation Designation Description
HFT Hardware Fault
Tolerance The hardware fault tolerance of the device.
This is the capability of a functional unit to continue the
execution of the demanded function in case of faults or
deviations.
MTBF Mean Time
Between
Failures
This is the mean time period between two failures.
MTTR Mean Time To
Repair This is the mean time period between the occurrence of a failure in a device or system and its repair.
PFD Probability of
Failure on
Demand
This is the likelihood of dangerous safety function
failures occurring on demand.
PFDAVG Average
Probability of
Failure
This is the average likelihood of dangerous safety
function failures occurring on demand.
SIL Safety Integrity
Level The International Standard IEC 61508 specifies four discrete safety integrity levels (SIL 1 to SIL 4). Each
level corresponds to a specific probability range
regarding the failure of a safety function. The higher
the safety integrity level of the safety-related systems,
the lower likelihood of non-execution of the demanded
safety functions.
SFF Safe Failure
Fraction The fraction of non-hazardous failures, e.g., the fraction of failures without the potential to set the
safety-related system to a dangerous undetected state.
Low Demand
Mode Low Demand
Mode of
Operation
Measuring mode with low demand rate, in which the
demand rate for the safety-related system is not more
than once a year and is not greater than double the
frequency of the periodic test.
DTM Device Type
Manager The DTM is a software module which provides
functions for accessing device parameters, configuring
and operating the devices and diagnosing problems.
By itself, a DTM is not executable software.
LRV Device
Configuration Lower Range Value of the measurement range.
URV Device
Configuration Upper Range Value of the measurement range.
Multidrop Multdrop Mode In multidrop mode, up to 15 field devices are
connected in parallel to a single wire pair. The analog
current signal serves just to energize the two-wire
devices providing a fixed current of 4 mA.

Introduction
V
NOTE
This Manual is compatible with version 1.XX, where 1 is the firmware Version and XX firmware "RELEASE".
The indication 1.XX means that this manual is compatible with any release of firmware version 1.
Waiver of responsibility
The contents of this manual abides by the hardware and software used on the current equipmen
t
version. Eventually there may occur divergencies between this manual and the equipment. The
information from this document are periodically reviewed and the necessary or identified corrections
will be included in the following editions. Suggestions for their improvement are welcome.
Warning
For more objectivity and clarity, this manual does not contain all the detailed information on the
product and, in addition, it does not cover every possible mounting, operation or maintenance
cases.
Before installing and utilizing the equipment, check if the model of the acquired equipment complies
with the technical requirements for the application. This checking is the user’s responsibility.
If the user needs more information, or on the event of specific problems not specified or treated in
this manual, the information should be sought from Smar. Furthermore, the user recognizes that the
contents of this manual by no means modify past or present agreements, confirmation or judicial
relationship, in whole or in part.
All of Smar’s obligation result from the purchasing agreement signed between the parties, which
includes the complete and sole valid warranty term. Contractual clauses related to the warranty are
not limited nor extended by virtue of the technical information contained in this manual.
Only qualified personnel are allowed to participate in the activities of mounting, electrical connection,
startup and maintenance of the equipment. Qualified personnel are understood to be the persons
familiar with the mounting, electrical connection, startup and operation of the equipment or othe
r
similar apparatus that are technically fit for their work. Smar provides specific training to instruct and
qualify such professionals. However, each country must comply with the local safety procedures,
legal provisions and regulations for the mounting and operation of electrical installations, as well as
with the laws and regulations on classified areas, such as intrinsic safety, explosion proof, increased
safety and instrumented safety systems, among others.
The user is responsible for the incorrect or inadequate handling of equipments run with pneumati
c
or hydraulic pressure or, still, subject to corrosive, aggressive or combustible products, since thei
r
utilization may cause severe bodily harm and/or material damages.
The field equipment referred to in this manual, when acquired for classified or hazardous areas, has
its certification void when having its parts replaced or interchanged without functional and approval
tests by Smar or any of Smar authorized dealers, which are the competent companies for certifying
that the equipment in its entirety meets the applicable standards and regulations. The same is true
when converting the equipment of a communication protocol to another. In this case, it is necessar
y
sending the equipment to Smar or any of its authorized dealer. Moreover, the certificates are
different and the user is responsible for their correct use.
Always respect the instructions provided in the Manual. Smar is not responsible for any losses
and/or damages resulting from the inadequate use of its equipments. It is the user’s responsibility to
know and apply the safety practices in his country.

TT400 HART®SIS - Operation and Maintenance Instruction Manual
VI

Table of Contents
VII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1 - INSTALLATION....................................................................................................................1.1
GENERAL...................................................................................................................................................................1.1
MOUNTING................................................................................................................................................................1.2
ELECTRIC WIRING ...................................................................................................................................................1.2
SECTION 2 - OPERATION.........................................................................................................................2.1
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION-HARDWARE.............................................................................................................2.1
TEMPERATURE SENSORS......................................................................................................................................2.2
THERMOCOUPLES................................................................................................................................................................2.2
THERMORESISTANCES (RTDS) ..........................................................................................................................................2.2
THE DISPLAY ............................................................................................................................................................2.4
SECTION 3 - CONFIGURATION................................................................................................................3.1
CONFIGURING THE TT400 HART®SIS...................................................................................................................3.2
OPERATION MODES.............................................................................................................................................................3.2
CONFIGURATION RESOURCES .............................................................................................................................3.3
PROGRAMMING TREE.............................................................................................................................................3.3
INFORMATION ..........................................................................................................................................................3.3
TRIM...........................................................................................................................................................................3.4
CONFIGURATION .....................................................................................................................................................3.4
LCD.........................................................................................................................................................................................3.4
BURNOUT ..............................................................................................................................................................................3.5
DAMPING ...............................................................................................................................................................................3.5
CALIBRATION RANGE WITHOUT REFERENCE..................................................................................................................3.5
CALIBRATION RANGE WITH REFERENCE .........................................................................................................................3.5
SINGLE SENSOR...................................................................................................................................................................3.5
DUAL SENSOR.......................................................................................................................................................................3.6
COLD JUNCTION...................................................................................................................................................................3.6
UNIT........................................................................................................................................................................................3.6
MAINTENANCE .........................................................................................................................................................3.6
MONITORING - MONIT .............................................................................................................................................3.7
SECTION 4 - MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES..........................................................................................4.1
GENERAL...................................................................................................................................................................4.1
DIAGNOSES WITH SMAR CONFIGURATOR..........................................................................................................4.1
ERROR MESSAGES .................................................................................................................................................4.1
DIAGNOSTICS WITH THE CONFIGURATOR..........................................................................................................4.1
DIAGNOSTICS WITH THE DISPLAY........................................................................................................................4.2
DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURE..................................................................................................................................4.2
REASSEMBLY PROCEDURE...................................................................................................................................4.3
INTERCHANGEABILITY............................................................................................................................................4.3
LIFETIME TRANSMITTER.........................................................................................................................................4.5
SECTION 5 - TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................................5.1
ORDERING CODE.....................................................................................................................................................5.4
SECTION 6 - SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEMS (SIS) .......................................................................6.1
SAFETY STANDARD.................................................................................................................................................6.1
APPLICATION STANDARDS.....................................................................................................................................6.2
SAFETY FUNCTION..................................................................................................................................................6.2
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY PROPERTIES.....................................................................................................................6.3
RETURNING MATERIALS.........................................................................................................................................6.3
APPENDIX A - CERTIFICATION INFORMATION .................................................................................... A.1
HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS CERTIFICATIONS........................................................................................................A.1
SOUTH AMERICA CERTIFICATION.....................................................................................................................................A.1
IDENTIFICATION PLATE...........................................................................................................................................A.1

TT400 HART®SIS - Operation and Maintenance Instruction Manual
VIII
APPENDIX B – SRF – SERVICE REQUEST FORM................................................................................. B.1
APPENDIX C – SMAR WARRANTY CERTIFICATE ................................................................................ C.1

Installation Flowchart
IX
Installation Flowchart

TT400 HART®SIS - Operation and Maintenance Instruction Manual
X

Section 1
1.1
INSTALLATION
General
The overall accuracy of temperature and other measurements depends on several variables. Although
the transmitter has an outstanding performance, proper installation is essential, in order to maximize its
performance.
Among all factors, which may affect transmitteraccuracy,environmentalconditionsare the mostdifficult
to control. There are, however, ways of reducing the effects of temperature, humidity and vibration.
Temperature fluctuation effects can be minimized bylocating thetransmitterin areas protectedfromex-
treme environmental changes.
In warm environments, thetransmitter shouldbeinstalledto avoid,asmuch as possible,directexposure
to the sun. Installation close to linesand vesselssubjectedto high temperaturesshouldalso beavoided.
For temperature measurements, sensors with cooling-neck can be used or the sensor can be mounted
separated from the transmitter housing.
Use of sunshades or heat shields to protect the transmitter from external heat sources should be
considered, if necessary.
Humidity is fatal to electronic circuits. In areas subjected to high relative humidity, the O’Rings for the
electronics cover must be correctly placed. Removal of the electronics cover in the field must be
reduced to the minimum necessary, since each time it is removed the circuits are exposed to the
humidity. The electronic circuit is protected by a humidity proof coating, but frequent exposures to
humidity may affect the protection provided. It is also important to keep the covers tightened in place.
Every time they are removed, the threads are exposed to corrosion, since these parts can not be
protected by painting. Code-approved sealing methods on conduit entering the transmitter should be
employed.
Measurement error can be decreased by connecting the sensor as close to the transmitter as possible
and using proper wires (see Section 2, Operation).
WARNING
Do not remove the graphite grease from the covers, or they may jam.
WARNING
The SIS project must be carried through by a professional duly authorized from Smar and
qualified for this type of work.
WARNING
Random, frequent or common cause failures must not damage the equipment´s work or result in
death or serious injure, must not harm to the environment or equipment, and must not loss
of equipment or production.
WARNING
Electrical shock can result in serious injury.
WARNING
For a better reading performance, the installation should not present degradation problems of the
signal 4 to 20 mA. For the detection of this problem, the operator should always certify that the
current emitted by the transmitter it is the same read by PLC.

TT400 HART®SIS– Operation & Maintenance Instruction Manual
1.2
Mounting
The transmitter may be mounted in two basic ways, as follows:
- Separated from the sensor, using optional mounting brackets;
-Mounted on the sensor assembly.
Using the brackets, the mounting may be done in several positions, as shown on Figure 1.1.
One of the conduit inlets for electrical connection isusedtomount thesensorintegral to thetemperature
transmitter (see Figure 1.1).
For better visibility, the digital indicator may be rotated in steps of 90o(see Section IV, Maintenance).
Reach the display and main board by removing the cover with window. This cover can be lockedclosed
by the cover locking screw. To release the cover, rotate the locking screw clockwise. See Figure 1.2.
Electric Wiring
Access the wiring block byremoving the Electrical Connection Cover. This cover can be locked closed
by the cover locking screw (Figure 1.3). To release the cover, rotate the locking screw clockwise.
Figure 1.1 - Dimensional Drawing and Mounting Positions

Installation
1.3
(a) (b)
Figure 1.2 – (a) Cover Locking with Display (b) Cover Locking of the Terminals
The Figure 1.3 shows the correct installation of the conduit, in order to avoid entrance of water, or other
substance, which may cause malfunctioning of the equipment.
Figure 1.3 - Conduit Installation Diagram
Cable access to wiring connections isobtained byone of thetwoconduitoutlets.Conduit threads should
be sealed by means of code-approved sealing methods. The unused outlet connection should be
plugged accordingly.
The terminals in the upper part marked with («) and (−) are able to receivefrom 12 to 55 Vdc. The
bottom terminals marked with the numbers from 1 to 4 allow connections to several types of sensor.
The wiring block has screws on which terminals type fork or ring can be fastened, see Figure 1.5.
For convenience there are three ground terminals: one inside the cover and two external, located close
to the conduit entries.
Test and Communication terminals allow, respectively, to measure the current in the 4-20 mA loop,
without opening it, and to communicate with the transmitter. To measure it, connect a multimeter in the
mA scale in the "0" and "«" TEST terminals. To communicate with it, use a HART configurator
between "«" and "0" COMM terminals. See Figure 1.4.

TT400 HART®SIS– Operation & Maintenance Instruction Manual
1.4
GROUND
TERMINAL GROUND
TERMINAL
S
COMMUNICATION
TERMINALS TEST
TERMINALS
+
++
1234
C
O
M
M
T
E
S
T
Figure 1.4 - Ground Terminal
Use of twisted pair (22 AWG) cables is recommended.
WARNING
Do not connect the Power Supply to the sensor terminals (Terminals 1, 2, 3 and 4).
Avoid routing signal wiring close to power cables or switching equipment.
Connection of the TT400 HART®SIS should be performed as in Figure 1.5.
CONFIGURATOR
250
Figure 1.5 – Wiring Diagram for the TT400 HART®SIS
WARNING
For proper operation, the configurator requires a minimum load of 250Ohm between it and the pow-
er supply.
The configurator can be connected to the communication terminals of the transmitter or at any point of
the signal line by using the interface with connection terminals.
It is also recommended to ground the shield of the cable at only one extreme. Ungrounded parts must
be carefully isolated.
NOTE
Make sure that the transmitter is operating within the operating area as shown on the load diagram
(Figure 1.6). Communication requires a minimum load of 250 Ohm.

Installation
1.5
Figure 1.6 – Load Curve
The sensor should be connected as per Figure 1.7.
WARNING
When operating with two sensors, the sensors can not be both grounded. At least one has to be not
grounded for proper operation of TT400 HART®SIS.
Figure 1.7 – Sensor Wiring

TT400 HART®SIS– Operation & Maintenance Instruction Manual
1.6

Section 2
2.1
OPERATION
TheTT400 HART®SIS acceptssignals from mVgeneratorssuch as thermocouplesorresistive sensors
such as RTDs. The criterium is that the signal is within the range of the input. For mV, the range is -50
to 500 mV and for resistance, 0 to 2000 Ohm.
Functional Description-Hardware
Refer to the block diagram (Figure 2.1). The function of each block is described below.
ELECTRONIC ANALOG BOARD
INPUT
SIGNAL
CONDITIONER
RTC
TC
OHM
mV
ENVIRONMENT
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
AD
CONVERTER I
S
O
L
A
T
O
R
ELECTRONIC MAIN BOARD
PROCESSING UNIT
RANGES
OUTPUT FUNCTIONS
OUTPUT CONTROL
HART PROTOCOL
HT3012
HART MODEM
FPU
D/A
CONVERTER
LCD
CONTROLLER
POWER
SUPPLY
OUTPUT
HARDWARE
DIAGNOSES
HART
4.20mA
DIGITAL
DISPLAY
Figure 2.1 – TT400 SIS Block Diagram
Input Signal Conditioner
A function to apply the correct gain to the input signals to make them suit the A/D converter.
A/D Converter
The A/D converts the input signal to a digital format for the CPU.
Isolator
A function to isolate the control and data signal between the input and the CPU.
CPU - Central Processing Unit & PROM
The CPU is the intelligent portion of the transmitter, being responsible for the management and
operation of all other blocks: linearization, cold junction compensation and communication.
Output
Controls the current in the line feeding the transmitter. It acts as a variable resistive load whose value
depends on the voltage from the D/A converter.
Modem
Modulates a communication signal on the current line. A number "1" is represented by 1200 Hz and a
"0", by 2200 Hz. These signals are symmetric and do not affect the DC level of the 4-20 mA signal.
Power Supply
Power shall be supplied to the transmitter circuit using the signal line (2-wire system). The
transmitter quiescent consumption is 3.6 mA; during operation, consumption may be as high as 21
mA, depending on the measurement and sensor status.

TT400 HART®SIS – Operation and Maintenance Instruction Manual
2.2
The TT400 HART®SIS shows failure indication at 3.6 mA if configured for low signal failure or 21 mA if
configured for high signal failure; 3.8 mA in the case of low saturation or 20.5 mA in the case of high
saturation and measurements proportional tothe applied temperature inthe range between3.8and20.5
mA. 4 mA corresponds to 0% of the working range and 20 mA to100% of the working range.
Display Digital
Receives data from the CPU informing which segments of the Liquid Crystal Display, should be turned
on.
Temperature Sensors
The TT400 HART®SIS, as previously explained, accepts several types of sensors. The TT400 HART®
SIS is specially designed for temperature measurement using thermocouples or thermoresistances
(RTDs).
Some basic concepts about these sensors are presented below.
THERMOCOUPLES
Thermocouples are the most widely used sensors in industrial temperature measurements.
Thermocouples consist of two wires made from different metals or alloys joined at one end, called
measuring junction. The measuring junction should be placed at the point of measurement. The other
end of the thermocouple is open and connected to the temperature transmitter. This point is called
reference junction or cold junction.
For most applications, the Seebeck effect is sufficient to explain thermocouple behavior:
How the Thermocouple Works
When there is a temperature difference along a metal wire, a small electric potential, unique to every
alloy, will occur. This phenomenon is called Seebeck effect.
When two wires of different metals are joined in one end, and left open in the other, a temperature
difference between the two ends will result in a voltage since the potentials generated by the different
materials are not the same and does not cancel each other out. Two important things must be noted.
First: the voltage generated by the thermocouple is proportional to the difference between the
measuring-junction and the cold junction temperatures. Therefore the temperature at the reference
junction must be added to the temperature derived from the thermocouple output, in order to find the
temperature measured. This is called cold junction compensation, and is done automatically by the
TT400 HART®SIS, which has a temperature sensor at the sensor terminals for this purpose. Secondly,
if the thermocouple wires are not used all the way to the terminals of the transmitter (e.g. copper wire is
used from sensor-head or marshalling box), new junctions with additional Seebeck effects will be
created and ruin the measurement in most cases, since the cold-junction compensation will be done in
the wrong point.
The relation between the measuring junction temperature and the generated millivoltage is tabulatedin
thermocouplecalibration tables forstandardizedthermocouple types, thereferencetemperaturebeing0
oC.
Standardized thermocouples which are commercially used, whose tables are stored in the memory of
the TT400 HART®SIS, are the following:
9NBS (B, E, J, K, N, R, S, T)
9DIN (L, U)
THERMORESISTANCES (RTDs)
Resistance Temperature Detectors, most commonly known as RTD's, are based on the principle that
the resistance of a metal increases as its temperature increases.
Standardized RTDs, whose tables arestoredinthememoryoftheTT400 HART®SIS,are the following:
9JIS [1604-81] (Pt50 & Pt100)
9IEC, DIN, JIS [1604-89] (Pt50, Pt100, Pt500, Pt1000)
9GE (Cu 10)
9DIN (Ni 120)

Operation
2.3
For a correct measurement of RTD temperature, it is necessary to eliminate the effect of the resistance
of the wires connecting the sensorto the measuring circuit. In some industrial applications, these wires
may be hundreds of meters long. This is particularly important at locations where the ambient
temperature changes a lot.
A 2-wire connection maycause measuring errors. It will depend on the length of connections wires and
on the temperature to which they are exposed (see Figure 2.2).
In a 2-wire connection, the voltage V2 is proportional to the RTD resistance plus the resistance of the
wires.
V2 = [RTD + 2xR] xI
Figure 2.2 – Two-Wire Connection
In order to avoid the resistance effect of the connection wires, it is recommended to use a 3-wire
connection (see Figure 2.3) or a 4-wire connection (see Figure 2.4).
In a 3-wire connection, terminal 3 is a high impedance input. Thus, no current flows through that wire
and no voltage drop is caused. The voltage V2-V1 is independent of the wire resistances since they will
be canceled out, and is directly proportional to the RTD resistance alone.
V2-V1 = [RTD + R] x I – R xI = RTD xI
Figure 2.3 – Tree-Wire Connection
In a 4-wire connection, terminals 2 and 3 are high impedance inputs. Thus, no current flows through
those wires and no voltage drop is caused. The resistances of the other two wires are not interesting
since no measurement is done on them. Hence the voltage V2 is directly proportional to the RTD
resistance. (V2 = RTD xI).

TT400 HART®SIS – Operation and Maintenance Instruction Manual
2.4
Figure 2.4 – Four-Wire Connection
A differential connection is similar to the two-wire connection and gives the same problem (see Figure
2.5). The resistance of the other two wires will be measured and does not cancel each other out in a
temperature measurement, since linearization will affect them differently.
Figure 2.5 – Two Sensor Connection
NOTE
The material the gauge and the length should be the same connections of 3 or 4 threads.
The Display
The digital indicator is able to display one or two variables which are user selectable. When two
variables are chosen, the display will alternate between the two with an interval of 3 seconds.
The display indicates engineering units, values and parameters simultaneously with most status
indicators. The monitoring mode indication is interrupted in case of an alarm been activated.
Figure 2.6 – Display
NOTE
The Display is only for monitoring and should not consider for safety proposals.