Texas Instruments TMS320C3x User manual

TMS320C3x
User’s Guide
Literature Number: SPRU031E
2558539-9761 revision L
July 1997
Printed on Recycled Paper

IMPORTANT NOTICE
Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any
semiconductor product or service without notice, and advises its customers to obtain the latest
version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that the information being relied
on is current.
TIwarrantsperformanceofitssemiconductorproductsandrelatedsoftwaretothespecifications
applicableatthetimeofsaleinaccordancewithTI’sstandardwarranty.Testingandotherquality
control techniques are utilized to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty.
Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except those
mandated by government requirements.
Certain applications using semiconductor products may involve potential risks of death,
personal injury, or severe property or environmental damage (“Critical Applications”).
TI SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED, INTENDED, AUTHORIZED, OR
WARRANTED TO BE SUITABLE FOR USE IN LIFE-SUPPORT APPLICATIONS, DEVICES
OR SYSTEMS OR OTHER CRITICAL APPLICATIONS.
Inclusion of TI products in such applications is understood to be fully at the risk of the customer.
UseofTIproducts in such applications requires the written approvalofanappropriate TI officer.
Questions concerning potential risk applications should be directed to TI through a local SC
sales office.
In order to minimize risks associated with the customer’s applications, adequate design and
operating safeguards should be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural
hazards.
TI assumes no liability for applications assistance, customer product design, software
performance, or infringement of patents or services described herein. Nor does TI warrant or
representthatanylicense,eitherexpressorimplied,isgrantedunderanypatentright,copyright,
mask work right, or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination,
machine, or process in which such semiconductor products or services might be or are used.
Copyright 1997, Texas Instruments Incorporated

iii
Preface
Read This First
About This Manual
This user’sguide serves as an applications reference book for theTMS320C3x
generationof digital signal processors (DSPs). These include the TMS320C30,
TMS320C31, TMS320LC31, and TMS320C32. Throughout the book, all refer-
ences to ’C3x refer collectively to the ’C30, ’C31, ’LC31 and ’C32.
This book provides information to assist managers and hardware/software
engineers in application development. It includes example code and hard-
ware connections for various applications.
The guide shows how to use the instructions set, the architecture, and the ’C3x
interface. It presents examples for frequently used applications and discusses
more involved examples and applications. It also defines the principles involved
in many applications and gives the corresponding assembly language code for
instructionalpurposesandforimmediateuse.Wheneverthe detailedexplanation
oftheunderlyingtheoryis tooextensivetobeincludedin thismanual,appropriate
references are given for further information.
Notational Conventions
This document uses the following conventions.
- Program listings, program examples, and interactive displays are shown in
a special typeface. Examples use a bold version of the special
typeface for emphasis; interactive displays use a bold version of the
specialtypefacetodistinguishcommandsthatyouenterfromitemsthatthe
systemdisplays(suchasprompts,commandoutput,errormessages,etc.).
Here is a sample program listing:
0011 0005 0001 .field 1, 2
0012 0005 0003 .field 3, 4
0013 0005 0006 .field 6, 3
0014 0006 .even
Here is an example of a system prompt and a command that you might
enter:
C: csr –a /user/ti/simuboard/utilities

Notational Conventions
iv
- In syntax descriptions, the instruction, command, or directive is in bold
typeface and parameters are in an italic typeface . Portions of a syntax that
areinbold must beenteredas shown;portionsofasyntax thatarein
italics
describe the type of information that must be entered. Here is an example
of a directive syntax:
.asect ” section name ”, address
The directive .asect has two parameters, indicated by section name and
address . When you use .asect, the first parameter is an actual section
name, enclosed in double quotes; the second parameter is an address.
- Square brackets ( [and ]) identify an optional parameter. If you use an
optional parameter, you specify the information within the brackets; you
donotenterthebracketsthemselves.Hereisanexampleofaninstruction
that has an optional parameter:
LALK
16-bit constant [, shift]
The LALK instruction has two parameters. The first parameter, 16-bit
constant , is required. The second parameter, shift , is optional. As this syntax
shows, if you use the optional second parameter, you must precede it with a
comma.
Square brackets are also used as part of the pathname specification for
VMS pathnames; in this case, the brackets are actually part of the path-
name (they are not optional).
- Braces( {and} )indicatealist.Thesymbol|(readas or )separatesitems
within the list. Here is an example of a list:
{ * | *+ | *– }
This provides three choices: *, *+, or *–.
Unless the list is enclosed in square brackets, you must choose one item
from the list.
- Some directives can have a varying number of parameters. For example,
the.byte directivecan haveupto 100parameters.The syntaxforthis direc-
tive is:
.byte value
1
[, ... , value
n
]
This syntax shows that .byte has at least one value parameter, but you
may supply additional value parameters, separated by commas.

Information About Cautions / Related Documentation from Texas Instruments
v Read This First
Information About Cautions
This book contains cautions.
This is an example of a caution statement.
A caution statement describes a situation that could potentially
damage your software or equipment.
The information in a caution is provided for your protection. Please read each
caution carefully.
Related Documentation From Texas Instruments
The following books describe the TMS320 floating-point devices and related
support tools. To obtain a copy of any of these TI documents, call the Texas
Instruments Literature Response Center as indicated in the section If You
Need Assistance …on page vi. When ordering, please identify the book by its
title and literature number.
TMS320C3xGeneral PurposeApplications User’sGuide (literaturenumber
SPRU194) provides information to assist you in application development
for the TMS320C3x generation of digital signal processors (DSPs). It
includesexamplecodeand hardwareconnectionsfor variousappliances.
It also defines the principles involved in many applications and gives the
correspondingassemblylanguagecodeforinstructionalpurposesandfor
immediate use.
TMS320C3x/C4x Assembly Language Tools User’s Guide (literature
number SPRU035) describes the assembly language tools (assembler,
linker, and other tools used to develop assembly language code),
assembler directives, macros, common object file format, and symbolic
debugging directives for the ’C3x and ’C4x generations of devices.
TMS320C3x/C4x Optimizing C Compiler User’s Guide (literature number
SPRU034) describes the TMS320 floating-point C compiler. This C compiler
accepts ANSI standard C source code and produces TMS320 assembly
language source code for the ’C3x and ’C4x generations of devices.

Related Documentation from Texas Instruments / References
vi
TMS320C3x C Source Debugger User’s Guide (literature number
SPRU053)tellsyouhowtoinvokethe’C3xemulator,evaluationmodule,
and simulator versions of the C source debugger interface. This book
discusses various aspects of the debugger interface, including window
management, command entry, code execution, data management, and
breakpoints. It also includes a tutorial that introduces basic debugger
functionality.
TMS320 DSP Development Support Reference Guide (literature number
SPRU011)describestheTMS320familyofdigitalsignalprocessorsand
the tools that support these devices. Included are code-generation tools
(compilers, assemblers, linkers, etc.) and system integration and debug
tools(simulators,emulators,evaluationmodules,etc.).Alsocoveredare
available documentation, seminars, the university program, and factory
repair and exchange.
TMS320 Third-Party Support Reference Guide (literature number
SPRU052)alphabeticallylistsover100 third parties that providevarious
products that serve the family of TMS320 digital signal processors. A
myriadofproductsandapplicationsareoffered—softwareandhardware
development tools, speech recognition, image processing, noise can-
cellation, modems, etc.
References
The publications in the following reference list contain useful information
regarding functions, operations, and applications of digital signal processing
(DSP). These books also provide other references to many useful technical
papers.ThereferencelistisorganizedintocategoriesofgeneralDSP,speech,
image processing, and digital control theory and is alphabetized by author.
- General Digital Signal Processing
Antoniou, Andreas, Digital Filters: Analysis and Design . New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill Company, Inc., 1979.
Bateman, A., and Yates, W., Digital Signal Processing Design . Salt Lake
City, Utah: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1990.
Brigham, E. Oran, The Fast Fourier Transform. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1974.
Burrus,C.S.,andParks,T.W., DFT/FFTandConvolutionAlgorithms. New
York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1984.
Chassaing, R., and Horning, D.,
Digital Signal Processing with the
TMS320C25.
New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1990.
DigitalSignalProcessingApplicationswiththeTMS320Family,Vol.I. Tex-
as Instruments, 1986; Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987.

References
vii Read This First
Digital Signal Processing Applications with the TMS320 Family, Vol. III.
Texas Instruments, 1990; Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1990.
Gold, Bernard, and Rader, C.M. ,Digital Processing ofSignals. New York,
NY: McGraw-Hill Company, Inc., 1969.
Hamming, R.W.,
Digital Filters . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
1977.
Hutchins, B., and Parks, T., A Digital Signal Processing Laboratory Using
the TMS320C25
. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1990.
IEEE ASSP DSP Committee (Editor), Programs for Digital Signal Processing.
New York, NY: IEEE Press, 1979.
Jackson, Leland B., Digital Filters and Signal Processing. Hingham, MA:
Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1986.
Jones, D.L., and Parks, T.W.,
A Digital Signal Processing Laboratory Using
the TMS32010. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987.
Lim, Jae, and Oppenheim, Alan V. (Editors), Advanced Topics in Signal
Processing
. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1988.
Morris, L. Robert, Digital Signal Processing Software. Ottawa, Canada:
Carleton University, 1983.
Oppenheim, Alan V. (Editor),
Applications of Digital Signal Processing.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1978.
Oppenheim,AlanV.,andSchafer,R.W., DigitalSignalProcessing. Engle-
wood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1975.
Oppenheim, Alan V., and Schafer, R.W.,
Discrete-Time Signal Processing.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1989.
Oppenheim, Alan V., and Willsky, A.N., with Young, I.T., Signals and
Systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1983.
Parks,T.W.,andBurrus,C.S.,
DigitalFilterDesign. NewYork,NY:JohnWiley
and Sons, Inc., 1987.
Rabiner,LawrenceR.,andGold,Bernard, TheoryandApplicationofDigital
Signal Processing . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1975.
Treichler,J.R.,Johnson,Jr.,C.R.,andLarimore,M.G.,
TheoryandDesign
of Adaptive Filters . New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1987.
- Speech
Gray, A.H., and Markel, J.D., Linear Prediction of Speech . New York, NY:
Springer-Verlag, 1976.
Jayant, N.S., and Noll, Peter,
Digital Coding of Waveforms . Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1984.
Papamichalis, Panos, Practical Approaches to Speech Coding. Engle-
wood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987.

References
viii
Parsons, Thomas., Voice and Speech Processing. New York, NY:
McGraw Hill Company, Inc., 1987.
Rabiner, Lawrence R., and Schafer, R.W.,
Digital Processing of Speech
Signals.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1978.
Shaughnessy, Douglas.,
Speech Communication. Reading, MA: Addison-
Wesley, 1987.
- Image Processing
Andrews, H.C., and Hunt, B.R.,
Digital Image Restoration . Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1977.
Gonzales,RafaelC.,andWintz,Paul, DigitalImageProcessing. Reading,
MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1977.
Pratt,WilliamK.,
DigitalImageProcessing .NewYork,NY:JohnWileyand
Sons, 1978.
- Multirate DSP
Crochiere, R.E., and Rabiner, L.R.,
Multirate Digital Signal Processing .
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1983.
Vaidyanathan,P.P., MultirateSystemsandFilterBanks .EnglewoodCliffs,
NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
- Digital Control Theory
Dote,Y., ServoMotorandMotionControlUsingDigitalSignalProcessors .
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1990.
Jacquot, R., Modern Digital Control Systems. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker,
Inc., 1981.
Katz, P., Digital Control Using Microprocessors . Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1981.
Kuo, B.C.,
Digital Control Systems. New York, NY: Holt, Reinholt and
Winston, Inc., 1980.
Moroney,P., IssuesintheImplementationofDigitalFeedbackCompensa-
tors. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1983.
Phillips, C., and Nagle, H., Digital Control System Analysis and Design.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1984.
- Adaptive Signal Processing
Haykin, S., Adaptive Filter Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,
Inc., 1991.
Widrow, B., and Stearns, S.D. Adaptive Signal Processing. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1985.

References
ix Read This First
- Array Signal Processing
Haykin,S.,Justice,J.H.,Owsley,N.L.,Yen,J.L.,andKak,A.C. ArraySignal
Processing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1985.
Hudson, J.E.
Adaptive Array Principles. New York, NY: John Wiley and
Sons, 1981.
Monzingo,R.A., and Miller,J.W. Introduction to Adaptive Arrays. NewYork,
NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1980.

If You Need Assistance
x
If You Need Assistance . . .
- World-Wide Web Sites
TI Online http://www.ti.com
Semiconductor Product Information Center (PIC) http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/pic/home.htm
DSP Solutions http://www.ti.com/dsps
320 Hotline On-line t http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/dsps/support.htm
Microcontroller Home Page http://www.ti.com/sc/micro
Networking Home Page http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/network/nbuhomex.htm
- North America, South America, Central America
Product Information Center (PIC) [phone]
TI Literature Response Center U.S.A. [phone]
Software Registration/Upgrades [phone] Fax: [phone]
U.S.A. Factory Repair/Hardware Upgrades [phone]
U.S. Technical Training Organization [phone]
Microcontroller Hotline [phone] Fax: [phone] Email: [e-mail]
Microcontroller Modem BBS [phone] 8-N-1
DSP Hotline [phone] Fax: [phone] Email: [email protected]
DSP Modem BBS [phone]
DSP Internet BBS via anonymous ftp to ftp://ftp.ti.com/pub/tms320bbs
Networking Hotline Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
- Europe, Middle East, Africa
European Product Information Center (EPIC) Hotlines:
Multi-Language Support [phone] Fax: [phone] Email: [email protected]
Deutsch [phone] or [phone]
English [phone]
Francais [phone]
Italiano [phone]
EPIC Modem BBS [phone]
European Factory Repair [phone]
Europe Customer Training Helpline Fax: [phone]
- Asia-Pacific
Literature Response Center [phone] Fax: [phone]
Hong Kong DSP Hotline [phone] Fax: [phone]
Korea DSP Hotline [phone] Fax: [phone]
Korea DSP Modem BBS [phone]
Singapore DSP Hotline Fax: [phone]
Taiwan DSP Hotline [phone] Fax: [phone]
Taiwan DSP Modem BBS [phone]
Taiwan DSP Internet BBS via anonymous ftp to ftp://dsp.ee.tit.edu.tw/pub/TI/
- Japan
Product Information Center +0120-81-0026 (in Japan) Fax: [phone] (in Japan)
+03-3457-0972 or (INTL) 813-3457-0972 Fax: [phone] or (INTL) 813-3457-1259
DSP Hotline [phone] or (INTL) 813-3769-8735 Fax: [phone] or (INTL) 813-3457-7071
DSP BBS via Nifty-Serve Type “Go TIASP”