Texas Instruments ADS1131REF User manual

User's Guide
SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011
ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF
The ADS1131REF and the ADS1231REF are reference designs for delta-sigma analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs). The ADS1131REF contains the ADS1131 18-bit device, while the ADS1231REF
contains the ADS1231 24-bit device. Both systems contain all the circuitry and user interface elements
needed for a weigh-scale digitizer, and are meant as examples of a good design for a basic weigh-scale
system. Each system is also suitable for general evaluation of the respectively installed ADC. Throughout
this document, the term ADS1x31REF is used to refer to the common features and functions for both
systems.
The ADS1x31REF hardware has the following features:
•ADS1131 ADC for the ADS1131REF and ADS1231 ADC for the ADS1231REF
•Connections for load cells or other voltage sources
•Low-side excitation switch on the load cell header connector
•Ample EMI/RFI suppression between the ADC and rest of design
•Eight-digit starburst LCD readout
•USB connection for firmware updates and remote control
•Designed for very low power consumption
•Battery (9V) or wall power
Version 1.0.0 of the firmware includes the following features:
•Weigh-scale mode with two-point calibration
•Complete configuration of the device
•Real-time peak-to-peak and RMS noise calculation
•Autoranging voltage display
•Noise displayed in volts, codes, and bits
•Voltage displayed in volts or codes
•Adjustable averaging mode
•Raw hexadecimal code display
•Simple and fast configuration
•Parameters saved to internal flash memory
•Computer link
Graphical PC software is also provided for histogram display, datalogging, and device control.
We welcome bug reports and suggestions for additional features; please contact the Texas Instruments
Precision Analog Applications Group.
Hyperterm is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
1
SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF
Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

www.ti.com
Contents
1 Getting Started .............................................................................................................. 3
2 Weigh Scale Mode .......................................................................................................... 7
3 Analysis Mode ............................................................................................................. 11
4 Using the PC Software ................................................................................................... 14
5 Serial Console ............................................................................................................. 18
6 Hardware ................................................................................................................... 20
Appendix A Schematic and Layout ........................................................................................... 23
List of Figures
1 ADS1x31REF Controls and Connectors................................................................................. 3
2 4-Wire Load Cell to Terminal Block ...................................................................................... 4
3 6-Wire Load Cell to Terminal Block ...................................................................................... 5
4 4-Wire Load Cell to Header................................................................................................ 5
5 6-Wire Load Cell to Header................................................................................................ 5
6 ADS1231REF PC Software Display .................................................................................... 15
7 ADS1x31REF Average Data............................................................................................. 16
8 ADS1x31REF Hardware Block Diagram ............................................................................... 20
9 ADS1x31REF PCB—Top Side .......................................................................................... 25
10 ADS1x31REF PCB—Layer 1............................................................................................ 25
11 ADS1x31REF PCB—Layer 2............................................................................................ 26
12 ADS1x31REF PCB—Bottom Side ...................................................................................... 26
13 ADS1x31REF Schematic—ADC ........................................................................................ 27
14 ADS1x31REF Schematic—MCU........................................................................................ 27
15 ADS1x31REF Schematic—USB......................................................................................... 28
List of Tables
1 Unit Conversion Factors and Display Formats.......................................................................... 8
2 Parameters in Configuration Mode ....................................................................................... 9
3 Modes and Example Displays ........................................................................................... 11
4 Voltage Display Ranges.................................................................................................. 12
5 Parameters in Analysis Mode............................................................................................ 13
6 Console Mode Commands............................................................................................... 19
7 Load Cell Header Pinout ................................................................................................. 21
8 Terminal Block Pinout..................................................................................................... 22
9 ADS1x31REF Bill of Materials .......................................................................................... 23
2ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

www.ti.com Getting Started
1 Getting Started
A diagram of the ADS1x31REF is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. ADS1x31REF Controls and Connectors
1.1 Operating Modes
The ADS1x31REF operates in one of three modes:
•Scale mode: When the mode select switch is in Scale position, the ADS1x31REF acts as a basic
weigh scale. The scale has tare, range, and calibrate functions, and can display metric (SI) units. Other
parameters can be configured in configuration screens. Scale mode is described in detail in Section 2.
•Analysis mode: When the mode select switch is in Analysis position, codes are taken directly from the
installed ADS device and various measurements are made upon them. Several measurements are
available, including raw display, voltage, RMS noise, and peak-to-peak measurements. The ADS1131
or ADS1231 can also be configured directly from this mode. Analysis mode is described in detail in
Section 3.
•Configuration mode: Parameters governing the operation of the ADS1x31REF can be viewed and
altered in this mode. Scale and Analysis modes have different options in configuration mode:
configuration for Scale mode is described in Section 2.4, and configuration for Analysis mode is
described in Section 3.4.
3
SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF
Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

EXC-
SNS-
SNS+
SIG+
SIG-
EXC+
OUT+
EXC-
OUT-
EXC+
Getting Started www.ti.com
1.2 Controls
The main controls for the ADS1x31REF are the four buttons and the mode selection slide-switch (see
Figure 1).
The slide-switch selects between weigh-scale (Scale) and Analysis modes. The ADS1x31REF switches
modes only when it is displaying data. If the switch is changed in a configuration mode, nothing happens
until the configuration mode is exited. At that time the ADS1x31REF reads the switch and enters the
selected mode.
The four buttons have different functions, depending on the operating mode. In Scale mode, the switches
have the functions in the box labeled SCALE. In Analysis mode, the switches have the functions shown in
the box labeled ANALYSIS. In configuration mode, the switches have the functions shown in the box
labeled CONFIG.
The buttons also have different names in different modes. In this document, they are identifed by the
respective names they have in the mode under discussion.
1.2.1 Auxiliary Controls
The Reset switch resets the board, except for the USB interface.
The USB Reset switch resets the USB interface. If USB communication fails, pressing USB Reset may
solve the problem.
The Programming Mode switch is used to update the firmware. For normal operation, it should be set to
JTAG.
1.3 Power
To apply power to the ADS1x31REF, connect a 9V battery or plug in a 6V–9V ac wall adapter.
AC adapters must be tip positive/sleeve negative. When an ac adapter is plugged in, the board always
takes power from it, and not from the battery.
The ADS1x31REF is protected against polarity reversal. If a power source is connected in reverse by
mistake, the display remains blank. To prevent damage to the board, do not leave a reversed power
source connected for longer than a few seconds.
1.4 Connecting a Load Cell
The ADS1x31REF is specifically designed for connection to load cells. Two connectors are provided for
this application. The terminal block is used for load cells having stripped wire connections; the load cell
header is for load cells having a header connector. The terminal block provides connections to the
reference input (or power supply) and the header has switched excitation.
1.4.1 Connecting a 4-Wire Load Cell to the Terminal Block
Figure 2 shows the connection of a 4-wire load cell to the terminal block. In this configuration, the load cell
is excited by the +5V power supply, and the ADC reference is taken from the power supply.
For this configuration, the reference select switch must be in the +5VA position.
Figure 2. 4-Wire Load Cell to Terminal Block
4ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

EXC-
SNS-
SNS+
SIG+
SIG-
EXC+
OUT+
EXC-
SENSE-
OUT-
SENSE+
EXC+
OUT+
EXC-
OUT-
EXC+
1
2
3
4
5
6
OUT-
EXC+
OUT+
EXC-
SENSE+
SENSE-
1
2
3
4
5
6
www.ti.com Getting Started
1.4.2 Connecting a 6-Wire Load Cell to the Terminal Block
Figure 3 shows the connection of a 6-wire load cell to the terminal block. In this configuration, the load cell
is excited by the +5V power supply, and the ADC’s reference is taken from the sense wire returning from
the load cell. The sense wire connects to the excitation wire at the bridge sensor.
Figure 3. 6-Wire Load Cell to Terminal Block
1.4.3 Connecting a 4-Wire Load Cell to the Header
Figure 4 shows the connection of a 4-wire load cell to the header. In this configuration, the load cell is
excited by the +5V power supply, and the ADC reference is taken from the power supply.
Figure 4. 4-Wire Load Cell to Header
For this configuration, the reference select switch must be in the +5VA position; the EXT position does not
work.
1.4.4 Connecting a 6-Wire Load Cell to the Header
Figure 5 shows the connection of a 6-wire load cell to the header. In this configuration, the load cell is
excited by the +5V power supply, and the ADC reference is taken from the sense wire returning from the
load cell. The sense wire connects to the excitation wire at the bridge sensor.
Figure 5. 6-Wire Load Cell to Header
For this configuration, the reference select switch should be in the EXT position for best performance. The
+5V position also works, but the device may not perform as well.
5
SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF
Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

Getting Started www.ti.com
1.5 Connecting Other Signal Sources
In general, the ADS1x31REF can accurately measure any voltage in the input range of the installed ADS
device, as long as the following rules are observed:
•Never apply a negative voltage to the inputs of the ADS1x31REF. The installed ADS device cannot
accept negative voltages at its input. Applying negative voltages may damage both the device and the
ADS1x31REF. (The negative signs used in some signal names indicate inversion, not polarity.)
•For single-ended signals, ground the negative input or connect it to 2.5V. 2.5V is available from a
voltage divider by shorting J7; see Section 6.4.5 for details.
•The input range of the amplifier on the ADS1131 or ADS1231 does not extend to the supplies. See the
ADS1131 data sheet or the ADS1231 data sheet for details.
Note that Scale mode is designed only for use with load cells. Although it can be tested with a voltage
source or resistive divider, Scale mode does not, in general, display meaningful data unless a load cell is
connected and calibration is performed.
1.6 Connecting an External Clock
Note that only the ADS1231 can receive an external clock. To connect an external clock, connect a clock
oscillator to the EXTCLK test point. No settings need to be changed; the ADS1231 will automatically use
the attached clock.
The clock source must conform to 3.3V TTL or CMOS logic rules.
1.7 Common Tasks
1.7.1 Shorted-Input Noise Test
The noise measurements given in the product data sheet are taken with the inputs shorted to 2.5V. These
noise measurements can be replicated on the ADS1x31REF with no external hardware. To set up these
measurements on the ADS1x31REF, perform the following steps:
1. Move the mode switch to Analysis mode.
2. Short jumpers J8 and J7. (These jumpers are located very near the terminal block, and are marked
Input Shorting Jumpers in Figure 1.)
3. Set up the installed ADS device as desired, as described in the previous sections.
4. Hold down the DISP button. The display shows the current display mode. While holding down DISP,
press the MODE button until the word on the left side is RMS.
5. While still holding down DISP, press the UNIT button until the word on the right side is VOLT.
6. Release the DISP button. The display shows the word GOT followed by an increasing number. Once
the appropriate number of points is collected, the calculated noise voltage is displayed. This value is
the shorted-input RMS noise voltage, input-referred.
The first RMS noise measurement may be incorrect as a result of device settling. The second
measurement is generally correct.
For a detailed description of Analysis mode, see Section 3.
1.7.2 Measuring Mass
The following items are required to measure mass with the ADS1x31REF:
•A load cell, connected as described in Section 1.4
•An object of known mass within the load cell range
To avoid performing calibration on each power-up, you can save the calibration settings to flash memory.
See Section 3.4.1 for details.
6ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

www.ti.com Weigh Scale Mode
Obtaining a calibration weight:
Before the ADS1x31REF can display the mass of an object, it must measure the output of the load cell for
a previously known mass. The known mass can be adjusted.
At power-up, the ADS1x31REF expects a 5kg mass. If this mass is not available, or if the load cell range
is not compatible with this mass, the calibration mass can be changed in the following manner:
1. Determine the mass of the calibration weight. The most accurate way to determine the mass is to
weigh the calibration object on an accurately calibrated scale. If the weight is precalibrated, its given
mass can be used, although this approach is not generally as accurate. (Note that the accuracy of the
ADS1x31REF as a scale directly depends on the accuracy to which the calibration weight can be
measured.)
2. Switch the mode switch to SCALE mode.
3. Press the PARM buttons simultaneously. The ADS1x31REF enters configuration mode.
4. Use the PARM buttons to select the screen which shows UNIT =. This screen allows you to select the
units used for the calibration mass. If the units shown are not correct, adjust them using the VALUE
buttons.
5. Use the PARM buttons to select the screen that shows CW= followed by the calibration mass. On this
screen, you can adjust each digit of the calibration mass separately. Select the digit using the PARM
buttons. The currently-selected digit flashes, and can be adjusted using the VALUE buttons.
6. Adjust the calibration mass to match the mass of the calibration weight.
7. Press the PARM buttons simultaneously to exit the configuration mode.
Preparing Scale mode:
Do the following steps to set up the scale mode:
1. Connect the load cell.
2. If the input shorting jumpers J8 and J7 are connected, disconnect them (see Figure 1).
3. Obtain a weight of known mass.
4. If the mass of the weight is not equal to the configured calibration mass, adjust the calibration mass as
described above.
5. Move the mode switch to SCALE position. If calibration has not been performed, the display reads
NO CAL.
6. Press the CAL button, and follow the calibration procedure given in Section 2.3.
If the calibration is performed properly, and the load cell is connected correctly, the ADS1x31REF will
measure the mass of an object placed on the load cell (provided that the mass of the object is within the
device range).
Weigh scale mode is described in detail in Section 2.
2 Weigh Scale Mode
In weigh scale mode, the ADS1x31REF displays mass.(1) Mass is displayed in either SI or avoirdupois
units based on the voltage received from a load cell.
The ADS1x31REF operates in Scale mode when the mode switch is set to the Scale position.
To accurately calculate mass, the ADS1x31REF must have calibration information for the load cell. When
scale mode is first entered, the ADS1x31REF displays NO CAL, because the ADS1x31REF has no
calibration data when it is powered on.
By default, mass is calculated from the average of four successive readings from the ADC. The number of
points for averaging can be adjusted, and averaging can be turned off.
(1) Load cells do not measure mass directly; they output a voltage proportional to the weight of an object. The mass of an object can be
accurately inferred from this voltage as long as a calibration is accurately performed, the downward force of gravity remains constant (as
it does if the load cell is not moved to a different altitude), and the tilt of the load cell does not change; if either of the latter conditions
change, a new calibration must be performed.
7
SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF
Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

m =
wfs
c-cfs zs
Weigh Scale Mode www.ti.com
2.1 Display
Weigh scale mode can display mass in these units: μg (displayed as ug), g, kg, pounds (lb), stone (st),
and ounces (oz).(2)
Internally, mass is measured in grams, and calibration factors are stored in grams. At display time, grams
are converted to the desired display unit using the conversion factors given in Table 1.
xxx
(2) The avoirdupois units used by the ADS1x31REF are equal in the imperial and U. S. customary systems.
Table 1. Unit Conversion Factors and Display Formats
Unit Multiplier Format
micrograms (μg) 106nnn.nnnug
milligrams (mg) 1000 nnn.nnnmg
grams (g) 1 nnn.nnng
kilograms (kg) 10–3nnn.nnnkg
ounces (oz) 0.035274 nnn.nnnoz
pounds (lb) 0.0022046 nnn.nnnlb
stone (st) 157.473 ×10−6nnstnn.nn
The display format for stone differs from the format used for the other units. One stone is equal to fourteen
pounds; weight in stone is commonly expressed as a number of stone followed by a number of pounds.
On the ADS1x31REF, two digits are shown for stone, followed by st, followed by pounds displayed to two
decimal places.
2.1.1 Calculation of Mass
Mass is calculated from ADC code using the formula:
w=m●c+wzs –wt
where:
•w= mass
•c= the ADC code
•wt= tare weight
•m, wzs, wt= values determined in the calibration process
mis a calibration constant, and is calculated using Equation 1:
(1)
where wfs is the user-specified calibration mass, cfs is the ADC code taken with the calibration mass
applied, and czs is the ADC measurement taken with no load.
wzs , the zero-scale mass, is calculated from m and czs using Equation 2:
wzs =–m●czs (2)
2.2 Button Functions
2.2.1 TARE
The tare function allows the mass of a substance to be measured separately from the mass of its
container. When the TARE button is pressed, the scale measures the mass and records it. This reading is
subtracted from each subsequent measurement.
The recorded tare value can be reset to zero by holding the TARE button down for at least one second.
When the tare value is to be reset, the display reads TARE OFF.
Tare is also reset following a calibration.
8ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

www.ti.com Weigh Scale Mode
2.2.2 RANGE
The RANGE button changes the units or range of the display. RANGE cycles through all available units;
see Section 2.1 for details. When the RANGE button is depressed, it displays the selected unit.
2.2.3 CAL
Pressing CAL initiates the two-point calibration sequence. See Section 2.3 for details.
2.3 Calibration
Two-point calibration is performed by pressing the CAL button. When this button is pressed, the board
executes the following command sequence:
1. The board scrolls the message, REMOVE WEIGHT.
2. The user removes all weight from the load cell and presses any button.
3. The board measures the load cell voltage and records it as the zero point.
4. The board scrolls the message PLACE CAL WEIGHT.
5. The user places a weight on the load cell and presses any button. The weight should have the mass
that was selected in the configuration mode.
6. The board measures the load cell voltage and records it as the calibration weight.
New calibration data is lost when power is removed. To prevent this data loss, calibration data can be
saved, with other board settings, to flash memory. See Section 3.4.1 for details.
2.4 Configuration
The parameters for Scale mode can be adjusted in the configuration mode.
To enter configuration mode, press the PARM buttons simultaneously. The four buttons then assume the
functions shown in the CONFIG box. To exit Configuration mode, press the PARM buttons simultaneously
again. This function does not cause parameters to be adjusted, because only button releases are detected
in Configuration mode.
Configuration mode contains a number of adjustable parameters. To scroll through the available
parameters, use the PARM buttons. To change the parameter values, use the VALUE buttons.
Some items in configuration mode are not parameters, but commands or gateways to a submenu. These
items are labelled as words with a question mark. To enter these or to execute the command, press SEL
or ENT.
All parameters in the analysis and scale configuration menus are independent, including the parameters
found in both modes.
Table 2 summarizes the available parameters.
Table 2. Parameters in Configuration Mode
Parameter Display Value Range Description
Display units UNIT= μg, mg, g, kg, lb, st, oz Display units
Averages AVGS= 2–128 Number of points to
average
ADC speed SPD= FAST, SLOW Acquisition rate
Calibration mass CW= 0–99.9 in various units Calibration mass and unit
Save parameters SAVE? —Save parameters; see text
Version number V1.0.0 —Firmware version number
display
9
SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF
Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

Weigh Scale Mode www.ti.com
2.4.1 Parameters
Display units: The units to use when displaying mass. Available units are μg (displayed as ug), mg, g, kg,
ounces (oz), pounds, (lb), and stone (st). See Section 2.1 for details.
Averages: Number of points to use when reading weight. The choices available are 2, 4, 8, 10, 16, 32,
50, 64, 100, and 128. The default is 50.
ADC speed: This parameter selects between the two data rates on the installed ADS device, which are
called high-speed and low-speed. When high-speed mode is selected, FAST is shown; for low-speed
mode, SLOW is shown.(1)
The actual data rate of the ADS1131 or ADS1231 depends on the frequency of the master clock, fCLK. In
fast mode, the data rate is fCLK/61440; in slow mode, the data rate is fCLK/491520. See the ADS1131 data
sheet or the ADS1231 data sheet for further information.
The default setting is low-speed mode.
Calibration weight: This parameter gives the expected mass of the calibration weight used in the
calibration procedure (Section 2.3). The calibration mass can be given in any of the available units, in
three significant figures. The unit is independent of the display unit.
Each digit in the mass is adjusted separately. The currently-selected digit flashes, and can be adjusted
with the VALUE buttons. The PARM buttons are used to select the digit. The unit is adjusted in the same
manner, and flashes when selected.
When the unit is changed, the value changes to the equivalent mass in the new unit.
Save parameters: This screen allows the settings of the ADS1x31REF to be stored in flash memory. It
functions the same as it does in Analysis mode. When ENT or SEL is pressed on this screen, the
ADS1x31REF saves its settings to flash memory. These settings are loaded from flash memory when the
board is reset or powered on. All operating parameters are saved, including scale calibration settings,
voltage reference, display mode, and units.
Version number: This screen displays the version number of the ADS1x31REF firmware.
(1) The ADS1x31REF cannot detect the frequency of the ADS1231 master clock, so it cannot display the actual data rate of the ADS1231
device.
10 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

www.ti.com Analysis Mode
3 Analysis Mode
In Analysis mode, the ADS1x31REF analyzes code output from the installed ADS device and displays it in
different ways. Table 3 summarizes the numerous display modes available, together with example
displays.
NOTE: The values shown in Table 3 are consistent for a 24-bit device, such as the ADS1231.
However, the ADS1131 is an 18-bit device, so the actual number of codes will be fewer than
the examples shown here.
Table 3. Modes and Example Displays
Hex Code Dec Code Voltage ENOB
Raw 1992E9H +1676001 +499.488M n/a
RMS n/a +5.789 +17.495N +23.18BIT
Peak-to-Peak n/a +31.256 +90.293N +21.92BIT
Averaged n/a +1676001 +499.488M n/a
The ADS1x31REF operates in Analysis mode when the mode switch is set to the ANALYSIS position.
The default Analysis mode is RAW HEX.
To change measurement types, hold down DISP and press MODE. This function cycles through the four
available measurement types. When DISP is released, the newly selected measurement is made. To
change units, press UNIT. This option cycles through the available units for the active measurement type.
This procedure can also be done while DISP is depressed; in that case, the new unit is shown by name
on the display. The measurement modes are described in detail in Section 3.2.
The ADS1131 or ADS1231 itself can be configured directly from this mode, as described in Section 3.1.
3.1 Switch Functions
NEW BLOCK: Pressing this switch resets the collection process for the RMS, peak-to-peak, and
averaged measurements.
UNIT: Cycles between available units. Not all units are available in all modes.
DISP: When this switch is pressed, the display shows the current measurement mode and unit. While
DISP is still pressed, pressing NEW BLOCK / MODE cycles through the available measurement modes.
CHIP: Holding this switch down allows the settings of the installed ADS device to be changed, using the
PARM (NEW BLOCK) and VAL (UNIT) buttons.
Pressing PARM while CHIP is pressed down cycles through the available parameters of gain and data
rate.
The gain setting is displayed as GAIN= followed by the gain setting. The gain setting is for display only,
because the gain is fixed at 64 for the ADS1131 and 128 for the ADS1231.
Data rate is shown on the display as SPD=FAST or SPD=SLOW. See ADC speed in the Parameters section
for further information.
If any of these parameters are changed during a multisample measurement, the measurement is
restarted.
11
SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF
Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

v =
B 1-
xvREF
A
·
s =
N(x )-
ix2
N
i =1
1
Nå
E = N log s :-2 N 0sN¹
24 : s 0
N=
Analysis Mode www.ti.com
3.2 Measurement Modes
Raw: In this measurement, codes are read from the installed ADS device and displayed. No processing or
analysis is done on the sample stream. Data can be displayed as hexadecimal codes, decimal codes, or
volts.
Voltage is calculated according to Equation 3:
Where:
•A is the converter gain (64 for the ADS1131 and 128 for the ADS1231)
•vREF is the voltage at the converter reference input
•x is the ADC decimal code
•B is the number of converter bits, 218 for the ADS1131 and 224 for the ADS1231 (3)
vREF is adjustable from Configuration mode. By default, it is 5V.
The voltage display is autoranging. All ranges are shown with six significant figures having three decimal
places. The ranges are given in Table 4.
Table 4. Voltage Display Ranges
VOLTAGE RANGE DISPLAY SUFFIX
Nanovolts <1μV n
Microvolts <1mV u
Millivolts <1V m
Volts ≥1V V
RMS noise: In this mode, a number of codes are read from the installed ADS device, and an RMS noise
calculation is performed on them using the standard-deviation formula (given in Equation 4):
(4)
The result can be displayed as decimal codes, volts, or an effective number of bits (ENOB). For decimal
codes, sNis displayed directly. (Hexadecimal is not available because sNmay be fractional.) For volts, sN
is converted to a voltage as in raw mode.
ENOB: E is calculated using Equation 5:
(5)
Where Nis the maximum number of available bits (18 for the ADS1131 and 24 for the ADS1231).
The zero case is needed when a string of equal codes is read. This can happen when the converter is
clipping.
This measurement requires a number of codes to be read before a calculation can be made. Therefore,
during the first run, the display shows the word GOT followed by the number of samples collected. This
event happens when the mode is first entered, when the converter configuration changes, or when NEW
BLOCK is pressed.
The number of codes used in the calculation is selected in Configuration mode; 50 codes are used in
laboratory characterization, so this value is the default.
Peak-to-peak noise: In this mode, a number of codes are collected, and the absolute value of the
difference between the minimum and maximum is calculated. The result can be displayed in decimal or
hexadecimal codes, volts, or noise-free bits (ENOB). Volts are calculated as in raw mode; ENOB is
calculated in the same way as in RMS mode.
12 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

www.ti.com Analysis Mode
The number of codes used in the calculation is selectable in Configuration mode.
Averaged: In this mode, a number of codes are collected, and the average is calculated. The result can
be displayed in decimal codes or volts. (Hexadecimal is not available because the result may be
fractional.) Volts are calculated as in raw mode.
The number of codes used in the calculation is selectable in Configuration mode.
3.3 Progress Graph
The row of apostrophes at the top of the display are used to indicate measurement progress. In Raw
mode, the apostrophe moves across the display when data is being received from the converter.
In block collection modes, the apostrophes form a bar graph. As the collection of a block proceeds, the
bar graph increases. When the bar graph reaches all the way to the right, the new result is generated and
collection restarts.
3.4 Configuration
To enter Configuration mode, press the PARM buttons simultaneously. The four buttons then assume the
functions shown in the CONFIG box. To exit Configuration mode, press the PARM buttons simultaneously
again. This operation does not cause parameters to be adjusted; only button releases are detected in
Configuration mode.
Configuration mode contains a number of adjustable parameters. To scroll through the available
parameters, use the PARM buttons. To change the parameter values, use the VALUE buttons.
Some items in configuration mode are not parameters, but commands or gateways to a submenu. These
items are labelled as words with a question mark. To enter these items or to execute the command, press
SEL or ENT.
Although a few of the parameters in the Analysis and Scale configuration menus are the same, the
settings are kept separate between the modes.
Table 5 summarizes the available parameters.
Table 5. Parameters in Analysis Mode
Parameter Display Value Range Description
Averages AVG= 2–128 Number of points for average,
peak-to-peak, and RMS modes
Voltage Reference VREF= 0.5–5.0 Voltage used in various
calculations
Power-down mode PDWN? —Power-down mode; see text
Save parameters SAVE? —Save parameters; see text
Version number V1.0.0 —Firmware version number display
3.4.1 Parameters
Averages: Number of points to use in Averaged, RMS noise, and Peak-Peak calculations. The choices
available are 2, 4, 8, 10, 16, 32, 50, 64, and 128. The default setting is 50.
Voltage reference: To convert voltages to codes, the ADS1x31REF requires the voltage reference level.
Since this level cannot be measured, it must be selected manually. This parameter allows the reference
level to be set.
Each digit of the voltage reference is selected and adjusted separately. Use the PARM buttons to select a
digit, and the VALUE buttons to adjust it. The selected digit flashes.
This parameter does not affect the actual voltage reference used. If it is incorrect, voltage calculations will
be wrong. The voltage reference is typically the +5V rail; the default value for this parameter is 5.0V.
13
SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF
Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

Using the PC Software www.ti.com
Power-down mode: When ENT or SEL is pressed on this screen, the ADS1x31REF causes the installed
ADS device to enter power-down mode. This action occurs by pulling the PDWN line low. While the
PDWN line is low, the display reads POWER DN. When a button is pressed from this display, the
ADS1x31REF powers the converter on and returns to the analysis display, exiting configuration mode.
This mode can be used to test the current consumption of the board when the installed ADS device is
powered down.
Version number: This screen displays the version number of the ADS1x31REF firmware.
4 Using the PC Software
The ADS1x31REF is supplied with software that performs various analyses on data received from the
board via the USB connection. It also provides a means of recording received data to a file.
The program currently runs only on a Microsoft Windows®platform. In Windows, the program
communicates with the ADS1x31REF using a virtual COM port driver that causes the USB connection to
appear to Windows as a normal serial port. The necessary driver is installed with the EVM software.
4.1 Installation and Setup
The ADS1x31REF software is distributed in an installer program called
ADS1x3x-setup-withLVRT-1.3.0.exe (the version number in the file name may differ), distributed on the
CD-ROM or available from Texas Instruments. To install the software, execute this program. The program
guides you through the installation process.
Note the following points:
•The installer installs two packages: the ADS1x3xREF program itself, and the TI Virtual COM Port
driver.
•If any version of the ADS1x3xREF program is already installed, the installer uninstalls it and quits. You
must run the installer again to complete the installation.
•If the Virtual COM Port driver is already installed, the installer offers to uninstall it. Do not uninstall it;
cancel this part of the installation.
The installer displays messages reminding you of these points.
4.1.1 First Time Connection of the ADS1x3xREF
If the ADS1x31REF has never been connected to your computer before, Windows detects the device as
unknown hardware and takes you through a series of dialogs to install the correct driver. Accept the
default settings; the driver is present and only needs to be copied to the correct location. If the driver is
successfully installed, Windows does not issue this prompt again.
On some computers, if the board is connected to a different USB port, the operating system detects the
board as new hardware. If this action occurs, proceed through the new hardware dialogs as usual, and
allow Windows to reinstall the driver.
4.2 The Display
The ADS1x31REF software has a single display; see Figure 6 for a typical display. The major elements of
the display discussed next.
Strip chart: This feature displays a scrolling graph of data received from the board.
Histogram: A sliding histogram of data received from the board is also displayed. The number of points
used in the analysis is adjustable.
DC analysis section: The results of RMS noise analysis, peak-to-peak analysis, and a running voltage
number are shown in this section. The number of analysis points and the reference voltage used for
voltage calculations are also adjustable here.
Recording section: This feature controls recording of data to a file.
Device control section: This section allows device parameters to be adjusted.
14 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

www.ti.com Using the PC Software
Status display: This display shows messages indicating the current state of the program.
Acquire button: This button starts and stops the running acquisition of data.
4.3 Starting the Program
When the program launches, a screen similar to that shown in Figure 6 appears. Immediately after launch,
the program searches all available serial ports for the board. To do this step, it opens every available
serial port in turn, testing it to see if there is an ADS1x31REF connected. The program uses the first
ADS1x31REF it finds. Note that the title block displays the name of the board found. Figure 6 shows the
board found as the ADS1231REF. If the ADS1131REF is connected, the title shows ADS1131REF.
Figure 6. ADS1231REF PC Software Display
Although this procedure is conceptually simple, it may not go as smoothly as expected. The following
process ensures that the board is found correctly. Note that Steps 1–3 can be done in any order.
Step 1. Apply power to the ADS1x31REF.
Step 2. Plug in the USB connector.
Step 3. Start the program.
Step 4. Watch the status display. It reads Scanning followed by the name of the serial port being
tested. When the board is found, the display reads Idle. Until a board is found, the display
cycles through every port, spending approximately one second on each port.
Once the board is detected, the program enters Idle mode and is ready for use.
NOTE: If the board is never detected, it is still possible (and safe) to exit the program during the
search process. If the board does not respond, pressing the USB Reset switch (SW1) may
help.
15
SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF
Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

Histogram
Strip Chart
Using the PC Software www.ti.com
4.4 Analysis or Record Mode
The program will operate in analysis mode or record mode. Both modes acquire the data and update the
displays, but record mode also writes the result to the selected file.
4.5 Adjusting Device Parameters
To adjust device parameters, use the controls in the Device control box. Each control corresponds to a
setting that can also be made from the board itself.
4.6 Acquiring Data
To start receiving and analyzing data from the board, click the Acquire button, located in the lower
right-hand corner of the display. The program begins to receive data from the board, displaying the results
in near-real time.
It is not possible for the program to adjust board parameters in Analysis mode. For this reason, the board
controls are disabled and dimmed while Analysis occurs.
4.6.1 Averaging
The PC software can process data collected from the board using a sliding-window averager. The controls
for the averager are found in the Averager box.
To turn the averager on, use the Averaging switch. The number of points averaged is set by the Points
control, and the number of points currently collected is shown in the Collected box.
When the averager is turned on, it is cleared. To reset the averager, turn it off and then on again.
The histogram displays an integer representation of the averaged data. Note that when selecting a high
number of averages, the integer results might include only one code; the histogram for that case will be
blank. The strip chart display shows both the full precision result of the averages and the integer version,
as illustrated in Figure 7.
Figure 7. ADS1x31REF Average Data
16 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

www.ti.com Using the PC Software
4.6.2 Block Analysis Length
The histogram, RMS, and peak-to-peak calculations require a set of samples. These calculations are
updated with every group of samples received, and are performed on a block of the most recently
acquired (or averaged) samples.
The number of samples used is set using the Analysis points control. By default, this number is 100, but
can be changed at any time. This value also controls the RMS and peak-to-peak noise analysis lengths.
If the number of samples collected is not yet equal to the number of samples specified by the Analysis
points control, 0s are substituted for the samples not yet received.
In Analysis mode, the analysis can be reset using the button marked Reset analysis. This function clears
the internal analysis buffer. This button cannot be used outside of Analysis and Recording modes.
Analysis is automatically reset when Analysis and Recording modes are entered.
4.6.3 RMS and Peak-to-Peak Noise Analysis
The RMS and peak-to-peak noise analysis calculations are performed in exactly the same way as they are
in the ADS1x31REF firmware, as described in Section 3.2. Each calculation can be displayed in units of
volts, codes, or bits, as on the board. See Section 3.2 for detailed descriptions of the calculations.
The number of samples used in each calculation is set using the Analysis points control. By default, this
number is 100, but can be changed at any time. This control also controls the histogram length.
4.6.4 Displaying Volts
When units of volts are displayed, the program must have a value for the reference voltage applied to the
installed ADS device to properly calculate the voltage. Because this voltage cannot be measured using
the ADS1x31REF, it is set manually using the Vref control.
The value of Vref defaults to 5V, because the reference is normally taken from the 5V power supply. If a
different reference voltage level is used, the value of Vref should be changed to reflect the different level,
so that voltage calculations are performed correctly.
The Vref control also affects voltages recorded in Record mode.
4.6.5 Block Acquisition
To enable the program to run reliably on slower computers, results are not calculated each time a sample
is received. Instead, groups of samples are collected and added to an analysis buffer that is processed as
it becomes full. This processing delay is timed so that the display updates at least every 0.75 seconds.
4.7 Data Recording
The ADS1x31REF software can record incoming samples to a text file. This file can be loaded into other
programs for analysis. Data recording is performed using the controls in the Recording box.
Follow these steps to record data to a file:
Step 1. Select or create a destination file. Either type the file path directly into the Destination file
control, or click the small open folder icon to the right of the control to open a dialog box from
which a file can be selected. If the selected file exists already, the program will display a
warning. Otherwise, type the name of the file that you wish to create.
Step 2. Select a data format. Samples can be recorded as raw (decimal) codes or as volts. In both
cases, the data are written to the file as ASCII data, and the file is a text file.
Step 3. Click the Record button. The program begins to collect and analyze data from the board, as
well as write it to the selected file. As recording proceeds, the recording time indicators are
updated.
Step 4. Click Record again to stop the recording when the desired amount of data has been
collected.
The selected file is not opened or created until recording begins. If an error occurs at that time, recording
stops and a message displays in the status box.
17
SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF
Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

Serial Console www.ti.com
Recording time is not measured, but calculated from the number of samples collected. The speed is used
to determine the amount of time for each sample. If the data rate is changed at the board, the recording
time will be incorrect. This change does not affect the data file, except that samples continue to be
collected with the different settings.
In Recording mode, analysis proceeds as in Analysis mode; Recording mode is identical to Analysis
mode, except that data is written to a file. See the previous section for documentation on Analysis mode.
When Recording mode begins, if the selected file exists, it is erased and overwritten. The pre-existence of
the file is checked only when a new file is selected.
4.7.1 File Format
Data files begin with a header that contains the text collected from ADS1x31REF, the time of recording,
and the speed and gain. Following this header, values are written in either volts or raw codes, with one
value per line. Line separators are in DOS format, consisting of a carriage return and a line feed. This
format can be examined in a text editor and loaded or imported into most other software, including
spreadsheets.
Voltages are calculated using the reference voltage given in the Vref control; it is therefore important that
this value be correct.
5 Serial Console
The ADS1x31REF provides a console mode that can be used with any Windows terminal emulation
program, such as Hyperterm™. In Windows, this configuration is done through the Virtual COM Port driver
supplied with the EVM software, causing the ADS1x31REF to appear in Windows as an extra serial port.
5.1 Using the Console
To use the console, load a terminal emulation program and connect to the EVM serial port using the
following parameters:
•Baud rate: 115200
•Data bits: 8
•Parity: none
•Stop bits: 1
•Flow control: none
•Local echo: off
•Terminal emulation: ANSI or VT100
Setting up the terminal program is beyond the scope of this document; see the specific terminal program
documentation for details.
To locate the serial port, try higher port numbers first. When the board first starts, it outputs the following
message:
ADS1131REF 1.0.0 (c)2010 Texas Instruments
1131>
for the ADS1131, or :
ADS1231REF 1.0.0 (c)2010 Texas Instruments
1231>
for the ADS1231. Pressing Reset causes the board to output this message.
The command prompt is always 1131> for the ADS1131 and 1231> for the ADS1231. Commands are
entered at this prompt. Commands consist of one letter possibly followed by arguments. The format of the
arguments depends on the command.
Commands are case insensitive. Upper-case characters are printed here, but lower-case characters also
work.
18 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

www.ti.com Serial Console
The available commands are listed in Table 6. In this table, values in brackets indicate a range or list of
possible characters. A dash (–) indicates a range, and commas (,) indicate a list.
Table 6. Console Mode Commands
COMMAND FORMAT OPERATION
Prints the current gain
P—setting
R Set data rate
R [F,S]
V Show firmware version
V
S Start streaming
S
D Read data once
D
Q Query parameters
Q
Console mode does not interrupt standalone operation. It is always available, even when the standalone
mode is in use. However, if parameters are changed using both the console and standalone modes,
parameters may become out of sync.
5.2 Command Reference
5.2.1 P—Set PGA
This command has no effect on the ADS1131 or ADS1231 because the device gain is fixed.
•P—(with no argument) prints the current gain setting
5.2.2 R—Set Data Rate
This command sets the speed of the installed ADS device according to these parameters:
•RF—sets rate to fast
•RS—sets rate to slow
•R—(with no argument) prints the current data rate setting
Note that the actual data rate depends on the frequency of the device clock.
5.2.3 V—Show Version
Displays a message containing the firmware version and copyright notice.
19
SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF
Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated

USB-SERIAL
INTERFACE
POWER
SUPPLY
LOAD CELL
CONNECTORS
INPUT
FILTERING
MSP430F449
USB CONNECTOR
LCD SWITCHES
ADS1x31
+5V
+3.3V
CH1
SPI
GPIO
UART
Hardware www.ti.com
5.2.4 S—Start Streaming
When Sis issued, the ADS1x31REF begins printing raw output codes from the installed ADS device in
hexadecimal format, separated by new lines. The device iterates continuously until a character is received
from the serial port.
Sis used primarily by the EVM software for data collection.
5.2.5 D—Collect One Sample
Issuing the Dcommand causes the ADS1x31REF to report the latest collected sample from the installed
ADS device. The sample is displayed in raw hexadecimal.
5.2.6 C—Set Channel
This command has no effect on the installed ADS device because there is only one channel.
•C0—set to channel 0
•C—(with no arguments) prints the current channel, always CHAN=0
5.2.7 Q—Query Parameters
Qcauses the ADS1x31REF to issue a coded string summarizing the current settings. The format of the
string is:
P0R[F,S]OIC0
followed by a carriage-return and linefeed.
6 Hardware
A block diagram of the ADS1x31REF is shown in Figure 8. The schematic and layout drawings are given
in Appendix A.
Figure 8. ADS1x31REF Hardware Block Diagram
20 ADS1131REF and ADS1231REF SBAU175A–July 2010–Revised August 2011
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright ©2010–2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated