Texas Instruments TRF2443 User manual

AGC
CNTL
7
0/90TXPLL
3
RXAGC
VCCs
GNDs
RXPLL
TXQ_IN
TX_OUT
TXI_IN
RX_IN
RX VGA
TX VGA
IFAMP
From SPI
from RXPLL
XPIC_IN
XPIC
OUT
XPIC
AGC
XPIC_BBI
XPIC_BBQ
Level
Detect
IF SAW
IF_OUT IF_IN
TX_PWD
Temperature
Sensor
CLKSPI
DATASPI
LESPI
RXBBI
RXBBQ
TEMPOUT
0/90
0/90
S
P
I
User's GuideSLWU065 – September 2009
TRF2443 Integrated IF Transceiver Evaluation Module
This document provides an easy guide for evaluating the TRF2443 integrated IF transceiver for broadbandwireless applications. Included in this guide are equipment setup procedures, software GUI configurations,and test procedures that allow a user to quickly and accurately measure the TRF2443 performance.
The TRF2443 is a fully integrated IF transceiver operating at a transmitter IF of 340 MHz (or 170 MHz)and a receiver IF of 140 MHz (or 280MHz). The IF transceiver is used to for up-conversion of signals fromthe transmit chain digital-to-analog convertor (DAC) to the RF upconverter device and fordown-conversion of received IF signals to baseband for processing by the analog-to-digital convertor(ADC). The receiver allows for switching in an external SAW filter if needed or by-passing this filter andprocessing the signal completely internally. The TRF2443 also provides an Auxiliary Receiver which canbe used for cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC). This document describes how to test theTRF2443 as well as the many options for trimming the device configuration to meet your applicationneeds.
Figure 1. TRF2443 Block Diagram
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Contents1 EVM Circuit Overview ....................................................................................................... 41.1 DC POWER ......................................................................................................... 41.2 Reference Clock .................................................................................................... 51.3 Communications .................................................................................................... 51.4 Transmitter ........................................................................................................... 51.5 Receiver .............................................................................................................. 61.6 XPIC Receiver....................................................................................................... 92 GUI Overview ............................................................................................................... 102.1 GUI for Synthesizers .............................................................................................. 122.2 GUI for Receiver ................................................................................................... 142.3 GUI Transmitter.................................................................................................... 152.4 GUI for XPIC Receiver ........................................................................................... 153 TRF2443 EVM Operating Procedures ................................................................................... 163.1 Power Up ........................................................................................................... 163.2 Receiver ............................................................................................................ 173.3 XPICOUT Amplifier ............................................................................................... 183.4 Transmitter ......................................................................................................... 193.5 EEPROM ........................................................................................................... 203.6 XPIC RECEIVER .................................................................................................. 214 Physical Description ....................................................................................................... 234.1 EVM Top Layer Drawing ......................................................................................... 234.2 Bill of Materials .................................................................................................... 244.3 Schematics ......................................................................................................... 26
List of Figures
1 TRF2443 Block Diagram .................................................................................................... 12 TXPWD Header JP1 Schematic ........................................................................................... 43 EVM DC Power: J1, J2, and JP1 .......................................................................................... 44 EVM Reference Clock J3 and USB Port J5 .............................................................................. 55 TX Baseband Inputs ......................................................................................................... 66 J7 (RXIN) ..................................................................................................................... 67 RX Baseband Outputs ...................................................................................................... 78 SAW Filter Path .............................................................................................................. 89 XPIC RX ...................................................................................................................... 910 TRF2443 GUI Quick-Set Tab ............................................................................................. 1011 TRF2443 GUI Advanced Tab ............................................................................................. 1112 Load All Registers .......................................................................................................... 1213 Reset USB .................................................................................................................. 1214 Synthesizer Programming ................................................................................................. 1215 RX GUI ...................................................................................................................... 1416 RX AGC GUI ................................................................................................................ 1417 Transmitter GUI............................................................................................................. 1518 XPIC Receiver GUI ........................................................................................................ 1519 XPIC AGC GUI ............................................................................................................. 1520 Programmed ICC GUI Settings ........................................................................................... 1621 Load All Registers .......................................................................................................... 1622 Receiver SAW Disabled GUI Settings ................................................................................... 1723 Receiver SAW Enabled GUI Settings ................................................................................... 1824 Receiver XPICOUT GUI Settings ........................................................................................ 1925 TX Max Gain GUI Settings ................................................................................................ 1926 GUI Settings for TX Carrier Leakage .................................................................................... 2027 GUI Show Readback ...................................................................................................... 20
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28 GUI Select EEPROM Readback ......................................................................................... 2029 Read I/Q Carrier Leakage Trim Values B < 10,5> ...................................................................... 2130 TX Carrier Leakage Trim .................................................................................................. 2131 XPIC Receiver Max Gain GUI ............................................................................................ 2232 XPIC Receiver Min Gain GUI ............................................................................................. 2233 TRF2443 EVM Top Layer ................................................................................................. 2334 Schematic (1 of 5) .......................................................................................................... 2635 Schematic (2 of 5) .......................................................................................................... 2736 Schematic (3 of 5) .......................................................................................................... 2837 Schematic (4 of 5) .......................................................................................................... 2938 Schematic (5 of 5) .......................................................................................................... 30
List of Tables
1 Bill of Materials ............................................................................................................. 24
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1 EVM Circuit Overview
1.1 DC POWER
GND
+3.3V
JP1
TXPWD
1
3
2TXPWD 80
SHUNT 2-3
S006
EVM Circuit Overview www.ti.com
The TRF2443 EVM requires a 3.3V dc power-supply connected to between J1 (3.3V) and J2 (GND). TheTRF2443 allows for analog or digital control of the transmitter power supply. Pin 1 (TXPWD) of the deviceprovides the analog control and is connected to header JP1 (TXPWD) on the EVM. When pins 1 and 2 ofheader JP1 are shorted, 3.3V is fed to the TXPWD pin and the transmitter is disabled. When pins 2 and 3of header JP1 are shorted, 0V is fed to the TXPWD pin and the transmitter is enabled (see Figure 2 andFigure 3 ). With header JP1 enabling the transmitter, it is still possible for the transmitter to be off due tothe state of the digital TX control.
Figure 2. TXPWD Header JP1 Schematic
Figure 3. EVM DC Power: J1, J2, and JP1
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1.2 Reference Clock
1.3 Communications
1.4 Transmitter
www.ti.com EVM Circuit Overview
The TRF2443 EVM allows for either an external reference chosen by the user or an internal oscillator at20 MHz provided on the EVM board. If an external reference is to be used the signal should be fed intoSMA connector J3 (EXTREF) and jumpers W1 and W12 should be removed (see Figure 4 ).
Figure 4. EVM Reference Clock J3 and USB Port J5
The EVM is equipped with USB communications which provide the interface between a computer's USBport and the TRF2443s SPI port via J5 as shown in Figure 4 . A CD containing the GUI to control theTRF2443 is provided within the EVM kit. An overview of the GUI is provided in this document
The EVM is configured for differential I/Q input signals via four SMA connectors. For the upper sideband,the I signals are connected to J12 (TXBBIP) and J17 (TXBBIN). The Q signals are connected to J23(TXBBQN) and J20 (TXBBQP) (see Figure 5 ). SMA connector J6 (TXOUT), not shown below, is used tomonitor the RF output signal from the transmitter.
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1.5 Receiver
RXIN
50 OHM DIFF
50 OHM
220pF220pF
RXINP
68
RXINN
69
GNDRX
70
GNDRX
71
VCCRX
67
220pF
S007
EVM Circuit Overview www.ti.com
Figure 5. TX Baseband Inputs
The EVM is configured for single ended RX input signal via SMA connector J7 (RXIN). This input is takenthrough a 1:1 balun to provide differential inputs to the device. The device presents 50 so no externaltermination resistor is required.
Figure 6. J7 (RXIN)
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www.ti.com EVM Circuit Overview
The baseband I/Q signals can be measured balanced or unbalanced. The I output is taken from theunbalanced port J15 (RXBBI) through balun T5 or from the balanced ports of J13 (I+) and J18 (I-).Likewise, the Q output is taken from the unbalanced port J24 (RXBBQ) through balun T7 or the balancedports of J21 (Q+) and J26 (Q-). For balanced mode measurements, jumpers W3, W5, W7 and W9 mustbe removed.
Figure 7. RX Baseband Outputs
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EVM Circuit Overview www.ti.com
The TRF2443 RX path allows the use of an external SAW filter. An internal switch, which is programmablethrough the serial interface, gives the flexibility to utilize the external filter (see Figure 1 ). The internalswitch is controlled via the serial programming interface through bit EN_SAW. By programming EN_SAWto 1, the external path is selected, whereas a 0 engages the internal bypass switch. When EN_SAW is setto 1 the IF signal will be routed out of the IC to SMA connector J30 (IFOUT) (see Figure 8 ). At this point,the user has the flexibility to insert a filter of choice outside the TRF2443 EVM. (The board does contain aplace holder (FL1) for a SAW filter but is not populated. In this way, the user has the flexibility to use afilter of his choice). For initial evaluation, an 8-10 dB pad can be used in lieu of a filter to emulate theinsertion loss of a typical filter. The user must route the signal from J30 (IFOUT) to J31 (IFIN) with the filteror pad included.
Figure 8. SAW Filter Path
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1.6 XPIC Receiver
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The TRF2443 provides an auxiliary receiver chain that can be used for cross-polarization interferencecancellation purposes. The EVM is configured for a single-ended output signal (intended for the secondaryXPIC RX path) at J33 (XPICOUT). The input to the XPIC receiver (from the XPICOUT of the secondaryXPIC RX path) is available at SMA connector J32 (XPICIN). This input is taken through a 1:1.5 balun toprovide differential inputs to the device. The device presents 75 so no external termination resistor isrequired. The XPIC baseband I and Q signals can be measured balanced or unbalanced. The I output istaken from the unbalanced port J16 (XPICI) through balun T6 or from the balanced ports of J14 (I+) andJ19 (I-). Likewise, the Q output is taken from the unbalanced port J25 (XPICQ) through balun T8 or thebalanced ports of J22 (Q+) and J27 (Q-). For balanced mode measurements, jumpers W4, W6, W8, andW10 must be removed (see Figure 9 ).
Figure 9. XPIC RX
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2 GUI Overview
GUI Overview www.ti.com
The TRF2443 EVM kit includes a graphical user interface for controlling the device. The GUI contains twotabs labeled "Quick-set" and "Advanced" (see Figure 10 and Figure 11 )
Figure 10. TRF2443 GUI Quick-Set Tab
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Figure 11. TRF2443 GUI Advanced Tab
Evaluation and testing of the device can be done entirely using on the "Quick-set" tab. The "Advanced"tab is used for debugging and specific optimization of the device if required by an application. Using the"Advanced" tab without an understanding of what is being controlled can result in an unrecoverable stateof the IC whereby a power reset would be required.
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2.1 GUI for Synthesizers
GUI Overview www.ti.com
When an input to the GUI is changed, the GUI should send this new value to the device automaticallyonce the cursor has clicked on another field besides the field being changed. It is good practice, however,to reload all registers once changes to inputs have been made. This can be achieved by clicking on the"OFF" button below "Load All" in the bottom right corner of the GUI (see Figure 12 ).
Figure 12. Load All Registers
If there is ever a doubt as to the integrity of the communications between the GUI and the device, a USBreset is in order. Press the Reset USB button near the top left corner of the GUI and then reload allregisters again (see Figure 13 ).
Figure 13. Reset USB
An explanation of all the fields within the Quick-set tab is provided by device functionality beginning withthe synthesizers.
The TX and RX synthesizers are controlled using the group of dialog boxes under "Quick-Synth" (seeFigure 14 ).
Figure 14. Synthesizer Programming
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Ref Freq[MHz]
Specify the reference frequency being provided to the EVM. If the on-board oscillator is used, this will be20MHz. If an external oscillator is to be used, specify its frequency in this field.
TX VCO [MHz]This field is a calculation based on the other inputs provided. The TX VCO is guaranteed to operatebetween 2640MHz and 2800MHz.
TX Freq. [MHz]The TX LO Frequency can be programmed to a frequency within the TX Synth Range selected previously.Entering a value outside of this range is not permitted and will default to the closest value within thisrange. When TX Freq. is specified, the corresponding TX VCO will be calculated.
PFD_TX [MHz]Specify the channel resolution desired of the LO by selecting the PFD frequency. Note that the PLL loopfilters are optimized for a PFD frequency of 20MHz. Deviating from 20MHz will impact the phase noise ofthe system.
RX VCO [MHz]This field is a calculation based on the other inputs provided. The RX VCO is guaranteed to operatebetween 2240MHz and 2640MHz.
RX Freq. [MHz]The RX LO Frequency can be programmed to a frequency within the RX Synth Range selectedpreviously. Entering a value outside of this range is not permitted and will default to the closest valuewithin this range. When RX Freq. is specified, the corresponding RX VCO will be calculated.
PFD_RX [MHz]Specify the channel resolution desired of the LO by selecting the PFD frequency. Note that the PLL loopfilters on the EVM are optimized for a PFD frequency of 20MHz. Deviating from 20MHz will impact thestability and phase noise of the system.
T/RX Cal EnableToggling this invokes a calibration of the RX and TX PLLs and initiates locking the synthesizers. This fieldmust be toggled ON in order to lock the synthesizers. Loading all registers using the button on the bottomright corner of the GUI does not perform this task.
TX Synth RangeThe TRF2443 transmitter LO can be programmed to a frequency between 165–175MHz or 330–350MHz.Select the range that covers the desired to program the appropriate dividers.
RX Synth RangeThe TRF2243 receiver LO can be programmed to a frequency between 140–165MHz or 280–330MHz.Select the range that covers the desired application to program the appropriate dividers.
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2.2 GUI for Receiver
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The TRF2243 receiver is controlled using the group of dialog boxes to the left half of the Quick-TRXsection (see Figure 15 ).
Figure 15. RX GUI
LNA Attn [dB]Specifies the LNA attenuation desired in dB.
Enable SAWSpecifies whether the external SAW filter path or the internal bypass path is used for the receiver.
RX BB Gain SetSpecifies the gain setting for the RX baseband section. The value entered here is a gain setting and notgain in dB. This value is 9 dB less than the actual gain (i.e., enter 0 for 9dB of gain; enter 24 for 33dB ofgain on the RX baseband).
RX DC Offset EnToggling this button invokes a DC offset calibration of the RX baseband circuitry. This is recommendedafter changing the RX BB Gain.
RX LPF BypassSpecify whether to bypass the internal low pass filter or not.
LPF BW AdjIf RX LPF Bypass is OFF then the low pass filter is enabled and its corner frequency can be programmedto any of 128 states specified to cover 2 MHz to 11MHz corner frequency [see TRF2443 datasheet fordetailed explanation (SLWS217 )]
RX BB 3dB AttnSpecify whether to enable a 3 dB attenuator at the output of the device. This can be used to tradeoff noiseand IP3 in some configurations.
RX AGC
The analog gain control of the receiver chain is located in the upper right corner of the GUI and is in mV(see Figure 16 ) .
Figure 16. RX AGC GUI
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2.3 GUI Transmitter
2.4 GUI for XPIC Receiver
www.ti.com GUI Overview
Control of the transmitter is located in the second column within the Quick-TRX section (see Figure 17 ).
Figure 17. Transmitter GUI
TX Attn [dB]Controls the attenuation from maximum gain of the transmitter chain.
T/RX Loopback
Enables the path for looping back the TX signal into the receiver with a 0 dB loss or a 20 dB loss in thepath depending on selection. This can be used for calibrating the RX baseband low pass filter cornerfrequency or calibrating the TX modulator LO leakage calibration [see TRF2443 datasheet for detailedexplanation (SLWS217 )].
Control of the XPIC receiver is located in the second column within the Quick-TRX section (seeFigure 18 ).
Figure 18. XPIC Receiver GUI
XPIC BB Gain [dB]Specifies the gain setting for the XPIC RX baseband section. The value entered here is a gain setting andnot gain in dB. This value is 9 dB less than the actual gain (i.e., enter 0 for 9dB of gain or enter 5 for 14dBof gain).
XPIC DC Offset EnToggling this button invokes a DC offset calibration of the XPIC RX baseband circuitry. This isrecommended after changed the XPIC BB Gain.
RX AGC
The analog gain control of the XPIC receiver chain is located in the upper right corner of the GUI and is inmV (see Figure 19 ).
Figure 19. XPIC AGC GUI
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3 TRF2443 EVM Operating Procedures
3.1 Power Up
TRF2443 EVM Operating Procedures www.ti.com
This section will outline step by step the procedures necessary to test the following functions of theTRF2443:
a. Initial ICCi. Apply 3.3V DC between J1 and J2 connections on board.ii. Approximately 760mA should be drawn from the power supply.b. Programmed ICCi. Apply reference clock either externally or using on board oscillator (see section Reference Clock)ii. Apply USB connection between computer with loaded GUI and USB port J5 on the EVM and pressthe Reset USB button in the upper left corner of the GUI.iii. Change the GUI inputs as shown in Figure 20 .
Figure 20. Programmed ICC GUI Settings
empty para to keep v. from separatingiv. Load all registers by pressing the OFF button below Load All in the bottom right corner of the GUIto load all registers to the device (see Figure 21 ).
Figure 21. Load All Registers
v. Toggle the T/Rx Cal Enable button to lock the synthesizers.vi. Approximately 1070mA of current should be drawn from the power supply with this deviceconfiguration.
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3.2 Receiver
www.ti.com TRF2443 EVM Operating Procedures
a. SAW path disabledi. Program GUI as shown in Figure 22 .ii. Toggle the T/Rx Cal Enable button to lock the synthesizers.
Figure 22. Receiver SAW Disabled GUI Settings
iii. Apply CW signal to J7-RXIN port at 140.1MHz, -88dBm.iv. Measure output on spectrum analyzer at J15 (RXBBI) or J24 (RXBBQ) at 100kHz.v. In this configuration, the chip typically shows about 84dB gain. Therefore, one should typically see-4dBm at the output of the TRF2443. However, transformers T5 and T7 at the RX basebandoutputs transform 800-ohms to 50-ohms resulting in a 12dB loss factor. There is an additional 1-dBof losses in the path. Therefore, -4dBm at the output of the TRF2443 will be -17dBm at the 50-ohminput of the spectrum analyzer. Gain is calculated as Power at the spectrum analyzer + 13dB - Pin.
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3.3 XPICOUT Amplifier
TRF2443 EVM Operating Procedures www.ti.com
2. SAW path enabledi. Configure EVM with a cable connecting J30 (IFOUT) to J31 (IFIN). Insert a SAW filter or a 10dBpad if desired (see Section 1.5 ).ii. Program GUI as shown in Figure 23 .iii. Toggle the T/Rx Cal Enable button to lock the synthesizers.
Figure 23. Receiver SAW Enabled GUI Settings
iv. Apply CW signal to J7(RXIN) port at 140.1MHz, -90dBm.v. Measure output on spectrum analyzer at J15(RXBBI) or J24(RXBBQ) at 100kHz.vi. In this configuration, the chip typically shows about 86dB gain. Therefore, one should typically see-4dBm at the output of the TRF2443. However, transformers T5 and T7 at the RX basebandoutputs transform 800- Ωto 50- Ωresulting in a 12dB loss factor. There is an additional 1-dB oflosses in the path. Therefore, -4dBm at the output of the TRF2443 will be -17dBm at the 50- Ωinput of the spectrum analyzer. Gain is calculated as Power at the spectrum analyzer + 13dB - Pin.
a. GAIN
i. Program GUI as shown in Figure 24 .ii. Toggle the T/Rx Cal Enable button to lock the synthesizers.
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3.4 Transmitter
www.ti.com TRF2443 EVM Operating Procedures
Figure 24. Receiver XPICOUT GUI Settings
iii. Apply CW signal to J7 (RXIN) port at 140MHz, -32dBm.iv. Measure output on spectrum analyzer at J15 (RXBBI) or J24 (RXBBQ) at 100kHz.v. Adjust RX AGC voltage until -17dBm is measured at spectrum analyzer (corresponds to -4dBm atTRF2443 output).vi. Once this is achieved measure J33 (XPICOUT) port with a spectrum analyzer. Power out shouldbe between -10dBm and -14dBm.
a. GAIN
i. Program GUI as shown in Figure 25 .ii. Toggle the T/Rx Cal Enable button to lock the synthesizers.
Figure 25. TX Max Gain GUI Settings
iii. Using a DAC or Arbitrary Waveform generator to create IQ baseband signals, apply IQ signals toJ23 (TXBBQN), J20 (TXBBQP), J17 (TXBBIN), J12 (TXBBIP). Set instrument to 50- Ωoutputimpedance. Each of the four IQ signals should be 1MHz, -16dBm (corresponding to -13dBmdifferentially on 100- Ωdifferentially, or, -23dBVrms-diff.)iv. Measure output on spectrum analyzer at J6 (TXOUT) at 341MHz. The chip typically shows 4dBm
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3.5 EEPROM
TRF2443 EVM Operating Procedures www.ti.com
output power.b. GAIN RANGE
i. Change the TX ATTN [dB] setting in the GUI to determine that the output power is droppingapproximately 1.0 every 2
nd
step.
a. The purpose of this section is to Readback EEPROM content and verify EEPROM contains the storedtrim values to optimize TX Carrier leakage. See TRF2443 EEPROM User's Guide for detailedexplanation of the EEPROM within the TRF2443 (SLWU064 )].i. Program GUI as shown in Figure 26 .
Figure 26. GUI Settings for TX Carrier Leakage
ii. At bottom of GUI on Quick-set page, click on Show Readback Button as shown in Figure 27 .
Figure 27. GUI Show Readback
iii. Set the RdBk Reg field to EEPROM and click the Readback Button.iv. The contents of EEPROM register 1 and 2 will be shown as is evident by the first five address bits(LSB) to the left as shown in Figure 28 .
Figure 28. GUI Select EEPROM Readback
v. The data from REG 1 < 10,5> is Q-trim data and from REG2 < 10,5> is the I-trim data. One can scrollto bit 5 by using the bottom scroll dialog box as shown in Figure 29 below.
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