AEMC instruments GROUNDFLEX 6474 User manual

GroundFlex®Adapter
Model 6474
User Manual
ENGLISH
GROUNDFLEX®ADAPTER
WITH AEMC
®
INSTRUMENTS
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Copyright©Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc. d.b.a. AEMC®Instruments. All rights reserved.
No part of this documentation may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic
storage and retrieval or translation into any other language) without prior agreement and written consent
from Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc., as governed by United States and International copyright laws.
This documentation is provided “as is,” without warranty of any kind, express, implied, or otherwise.
Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc. has made every reasonable eort to ensure that this documentation is accurate;
but does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the text, graphics, or other information contained
in this documentation. Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc. shall not be liable for any damages, special, indirect,
incidental, or inconsequential; including (but not limited to) physical, emotional or monetary damages
due to lost revenues or lost prots that may result from the use of this documentation, whether or not the
user of the documentation has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
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Statement of Compliance
Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc. d.b.a. AEMC® Instruments
certies that this instrument has been calibrated
using standards and instruments traceable to
international standards.
We guarantee that at the time of shipping your
instrument has met its published specications.
NIST traceable calibration is only possible when
the Model 6474 is connected to the Ground
Tester Model 6472. To obtain NIST calibration
(for a nominal charge), the instrument would
need to be returned to our facility along with
your Ground Tester Model 6472.
The recommended calibration interval for this
instrument is 12 months and begins on the date of
receipt by the customer. For recalibration, please
use our calibration services. Refer to our repair and
Serial #:
Catalog #: 2136.03
Model #: 6474
Please ll in the appropriate date as indicated:
Date Received:
Date Calibration Due:
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................5
1.1. PRECAUTIONS FOR USE ............................................................. 6
1.2. RECEIVING YOUR SHIPMENT .................................................... 6
1.3. ORDERING INFORMATION.......................................................... 7
1.3.1. Accessories............................................................................. 7
1.3.2. Replacement Parts ................................................................. 7
2. GROUNDFLEX®ADAPTER ...............................................8
2.1. CONTROL FEATURES .................................................................. 8
2.2. GROUNDFLEX®SENSOR ............................................................ 9
2.2.1. Calibration of GroundFlex®Sensors ..................................... 10
2.3. MEASUREMENTS IN AUTO MODE........................................... 12
2.3.1. Preparation of the GroundFlex®Adapter .............................. 12
2.3.2. Making a Measurement (Resistance of Legs)...................... 14
2.3.3. Other Measurements............................................................ 16
2.4. MANUAL MODE AND SWEEP MODE ....................................... 16
2.5. TOWER TESTING MEASUREMENT ......................................... 18
2.5.1. Choosing the positions for the H, S electrodes: ................... 18
3. SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................26
3.1. ELECTRICAL................................................................................. 26
3.2. MECHANICAL .............................................................................. 28
3.3. ENVIRONMENTAL ....................................................................... 28
3.4. SAFETY......................................................................................... 28
4. MAINTENANCE ................................................................29
4.1. CLEANING .................................................................................... 29
4.2. REPAIR AND CALIBRATION ...................................................... 29
4.3. TECHNICAL AND SALES ASSISTANCE .................................. 30
4.4. LIMITED WARRANTY ................................................................. 30
4.4.1. Warranty Repairs .................................................................. 31
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1. INTRODUCTION
Thank you for purchasing an AEMC®Instruments GroundFlex®Adapter
Model 6474.
For the best results from your instrument and for your safety, you must
read the enclosed operating instructions carefully and comply with the
precautions for use. Only qualied and trained operators should use this
product.
Symbols & Denitions
Signies that the instrument is protected by double or reinforced insulation.
CAUTION - Risk of Danger! Indicates a WARNING. Whenever this symbol is
present, the operator must refer to the user manual before operation.
Indicates a risk of electric shock. The voltage at the parts marked with this
symbol may be dangerous.
Ground/Earth
Indicates Important information to acknowledge.
In the European Union, this product is subject to a separate collection system
for recycling electrical and electronic components in accordance with directive
WEEE 2002/96/EC.
Denition of Measurement Categories
CAT IV corresponds to measurements performed at the primary electrical supply
(< 1000 V).
Example: primary overcurrent protection devices, ripple control units, and
meters.
CAT III corresponds to measurements performed in the building installation at the
distribution level.
Example: hardwired equipment in xed installation and circuit breakers.
CAT II corresponds to measurements performed on circuits directly connected to
the electrical distribution system.
Example: measurements on household appliances and portable tools.
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6 GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474
1.1. PRECAUTIONS FOR USE
These safety warnings are provided to ensure the safety of personnel. Please
read and comply with these precautions:
This instrument is protected from accidental voltages of not more than
50V with respect to earth in measurement CAT IV. The guaranteed level of
protection of this equipment may be compromised if used in a manner not
specied by the manufacturer.
Safety is the responsibility of the operator.
All metal objects or wires connected to the electrical system should be
assumed to be lethal until tested. Grounding systems are no exception.
Never exceed the maximum rated voltage and current, and the
measurement category.
Never exceed the protection limits, and always comply with the conditions
and place of use, indicated in the specications.
Do not use the instrument or its accessories if they appear damaged.
Use accessories that have overvoltage category and service voltages
greater than or equal to those of the instrument (CAT IV 50V). Use only
accessories that comply with safety standards (IEC 61010-2-031 & 32).
Wear the appropriate protective gear (insulating boots and gloves).
Check that no terminal is connected and the switch is set to OFF before
opening the device.
Use only the charging unit supplied with the instrument to recharge the
battery.
Troubleshooting and metrological verication procedures must only be
performed by qualied, approved personnel, or the factory.
NOTE: The potentials on the various rods used for an earth measurement
may be dierent if a nearby electrical installation is defective or certain
weather conditions prevail (thunderstorms). It is up to the operator to decide
whether to continue or postpone measurements in these situations.
1.2. RECEIVING YOUR SHIPMENT
Upon receiving your shipment, make sure that the contents are consistent with the
packing list. Notify your distributor of any missing items. If the equipment appears
to be damaged, le a claim immediately with the carrier and notify your distributor
at once, giving a detailed description of any damage. Save the damaged packing
container to substantiate your claim.
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GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474 7
1.3. ORDERING INFORMATION
NOTE: The GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474 only operates in
combination with the Ground Tester Model 6472 Kit - 500 ft.
GroundFlex®Field Kit (Model 6472 and 6474) .............................Cat. #2136.03
Includes: (Ground Tester Model 6472 Kit-500 ft (Cat #2135.54)); Model 6472,
(1) carrying bag, (2) 500 ft. color-coded leads on spools (red/blue), (2) 100 ft.
color-coded leads (hand tied, green/black), (1) 30 ft. lead (green), (2) 5 ft. color-
coded leads (red/blue), 100/240 V power adapter with US power cord, optical
USB cable, (4) T-shaped auxiliary ground electrodes, set of (5) spaded
lugs, (1) 100 ft. tape measure, rechargeable NiMH battery pack, USB stick with
DataView®software, ground tester workbook and user manual. GroundFlex®
Adapter Model 6474, (4) GroundFlex®sensors (5 m), (12) color-coded rings,
connection lead, (2) extension leads on H reel (black/green) with color-coded
alligator clips, (1) extra green and black alligator clips, (2) BNC extension leads,
calibration loop, (3) C-clamps, set of (2) reel caddy’s, (1) inverter 12 VDC to 120 VAC
watt (vehicle use), carrying case with wheels and handle for meters and user
manual.
1.3.1. Accessories
Bag #6 - Carrying Bag for Ground Kits............................................ Cat. #2119.82
Tape Measure - AEMC®Instruments (100 ft)................................... Cat. #2130.60
Set of two, 14.5 in T-shaped Auxiliary Ground Electrodes .............. Cat. #2135.39
Optical USB Cable ........................................................................... Cat. #2135.41
1.3.2. Replacement Parts
Connection Lead for Model 6472/6474............................................ Cat. #2135.75
One BNC (15 m/50 ft) Extension Lead............................................ Cat. #2135.76
Set of 12, GroundFlex®Rings
(red, yellow, brown, orange) ............................................................. Cat. #2135.77
Green Extension Lead ..................................................................... Cat. #2135.78
Black Extension Lead ...................................................................... Cat. #2135.79
Set of 3, C-clamps ...........................................................................Cat. #2135.80
Calibration Loop ............................................................................... Cat. #2135.82
Carrying Case ..................................................................................Cat. #2135.83
One GroundFlex®(5 m/16 ft) Sensor............................................... Cat. #2135.92
Safety Alligator Clip (black)..............................................................Cat. #5000.99
Safety Alligator Clip (green) ............................................................. Cat. #5100.06
GroundFlex®Sensor 10 m ............................................................... Cat. #2135.87
Order Accessories and Replacement Parts Directly Online
Check our Storefront at www.aemc.com/store for availability
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8 GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474
2. GROUNDFLEX®ADAPTER
2.1. CONTROL FEATURES
50V CAT IV
1-2-3-4
1-2-3
1-2
1
2
3
4
For Use with the
Ground Tester Model 6472
GroundFlex
®
Sensor
SENSOR TURNS
SENSITIVITY
To Model 6472
Overload
INPUT
1
2
3
4
GroundFlex®Adapter
MODEL 6474
2
4
1
6
5
3
1. Inputs 1 through 4 for GroundFlex®sensors
2. Connector for connection lead to the Ground Tester Model 6472
3. OVERLOAD indicator
4. SENSOR TURNS selector: 1, 2, 3 or 4
5. SENSITIVITY selector: x10, x1 or x1/10
6. INPUT SELECTION: 1, 2, 3, 4, 1-2, 1-3 or 1-4
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GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474 9
2.2. GROUNDFLEX®SENSOR
The GroundFlex®sensors are placed around a conductor (tower leg or pole) and
closed using a screw connector, which is part of the sensor. This closed loop is
then used to make a contact-free measurement of the current owing in the con-
ductor (leg) it is wrapped around.
These sensors are current measurement clamps but are able to enclose objects
that are much larger.
GroundFlex®sensors are available in lengths of up to approx 24 ft (8 m) and can
be placed around objects (such as tower legs) up to in approx 8ft diameter (2.7 m).
50V CAT IV
1-2-3-4
1-2-3
1-2
GroundFlex
®
Sensor
To Model 6472
Overload
INPUT
1
2
3
4
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10 GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474
2.2.1. Calibration of GroundFlex®Sensors
Calibration is necessary for a new sensor, one that is no longer identied when a
sensor has been replaced, or more than 2 lengths of extension cable is used. The
calibration coecients are then stored in the Model 6474.
WARNING: Do not move or touch the GroundFlex®sensor or the
calibration loop during the calibration. This could cause errors.
Start by identifying each sensor using the identication rings that are supplied with
the Model 6474: (1) Brown (2) Red (3) Orange (4) Yellow
• Connect the calibration loop between terminals H and E of the Model 6472.
• Connect the Model 6472 and 6474 together using the connection cable.
• Connect the GroundFlex®sensor with the Brown ring to Input 1 of the Model
6474, the one with the Red ring to Input 2, the one with the Orange ring to
Input 3, and the one with the Yellow ring to Input 4.
• Coil the GroundFlex®sensor four times around in the calibration loop and
close it using its screw connector. Place the connector as far as possible from
the calibration device.
6472 6474
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GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474 11
1. Set the switch of the 6472 to SET-UP.
2. Set the SENSOR TURNS switch to 4.
3. Set the SENSITIVITY switch to x1.
4. Set the INPUT SELECTION switch to 1.
1-2-3-4
1-2-3
1-2
1
2
3
4
SENSOR TURNS
SENSITIVITY INPUT
5. Press the Hz/OPTIONS button 5 times.
The device starts by comparing the current IInt injected by the device into the
calibration loop to the current IAmeasured by the GroundFlex®sensor. If they
are dierent, the "CAL" symbol blinks to recommend a calibration.
x 5
4
H
E
S x 11
AUTO
mA
m A
NOTE: To avoid measurement errors, do not touch the GroundFlex®
sensor or the calibration loop during the calibration.
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12 GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474
6. To start the calibration, press 2nd + START.
7. The device calculates and stores a calibration coecient for the GroundFlex®
sensor connected to channel 1.
4
H
E
S x 11
AUTO
mA
m A
This operation must be repeated for channels 2, 3 and 4; the INPUT SELECTION
switch must be set to the corresponding position each time.
The calibration values are now stored into memory.
After calibration, the GroundFlex®sensors must always be connected to their
respective channels.
NOTE: Always connect the same sensor to the same input..
2.3. MEASUREMENTS IN AUTO MODE
2.3.1. Preparation of the GroundFlex®Adapter
The GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474 is designed to be used only with the Model
6472 device. The two instruments must be connected using the special connection
cable supplied. The Model 6474 has no ON/OFF button, and is powered only by
the Model 6472, via this connection cable.
The Model 6474 is intended primarily to measure the current that ows through
a high-voltage tower to the ground. You can wrap up to 4 legs of the towers each
with a GroundFlex®sensor and measure the current owing to earth through each
of the legs or through several legs.
1. Set the rotary function switch to GroundFlex®on the Model 6472.
When you connect the GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474 to the 6472, a self-
test will begin. During this test, the OVERLOAD check light on the 6474 is lit.
2. Connect the required number of sensors to channels 1, 2, 3, and/or 4.
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GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474 13
NOTE:
• The sensors have arrows to indicate a direction.
• All sensors should face the same direction
(clockwise or counter-clockwise around the tower legs)
• All sensors should have the same number of wraps.
• Sensors should encircle both leg AND ground system.
6474
To the Model 6472
3. On the Model 6474, set the INPUT selection switch accordingly. You can mea-
sure the current owing through one GroundFlex®sensor (1, 2, 3, or 4), or
through several sensors (1, 2 or 1, 2, 3), or through all of the sensors (1, 2, 3,
4).
4. Select how many times the sensor is wrapped around the conductor to be
measured (from 1 to 4 turns) using the SENSOR TURNS selection switch.
NOTE: To increase measurement sensitivity, we recommend when
possible, wrapping a maximum number of turns (up to 4) around the
structure.
5. Set the SENSITIVITY switch to the desired sensitivity: x1/10, x1, or x10. The
choice of sensitivity depends on the expected current value. As a precaution,
always start with the lowest sensitivity, x1/10, and increase it as needed.
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14 GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474
2.3.2. Making a Measurement (Resistance of Legs)
1. Place auxiliary electrodes H (Z) and S (Y) on opposite sides of the tower, as
far away as possible (100-150 ft) and, if possible, perpendicular to the high-
voltage line (depth is not important). This will eliminate interference with the
measurement by stray voltages or currents induced under the high-voltage
line.
NOTE: The H (Z) and S (Y) electrodes can be placed in the same direction
if necessary. In this case, the S (Y) electrode should be placed at 62% the
distance of H (Z).
2. In order to avoid electromagnetic interference, it is best to unwind the full
length of each cable from the reel, to keep the cables as far apart as possible
on the ground, taking care not to form loops, and to avoid placing the cables
near or parallel to metallic conductors (cables, rails, fences, etc.). Eects of
interference are measured in milli-ohms.
3. Connect these auxiliary electrodes to the terminals H (Z) and S (Y) on the
Model 6472's front panel.
4. Important: The terminals ES (Xv) and E (X) must be connected to a conduct-
ing metallic part of the tower located above the GroundFlex®sensors. This
ensures measurement of the current owing downward and towards the earth
(otherwise, you would measure the current owing upward, from the earth to
the top of the tower).
This will tell the condition of the overhead ground conductor.
5. Connect the required number of GroundFlex®sensors to channels 1, 2, 3,
and/or 4 (the channels for which they are calibrated) and place the Ground-
Flex®sensors around the legs of the tower.
NOTE: The direction of coiling of the sensors around tower legs have no
eect on the measurement, but all of the GroundFlex®sensors must be
coiled in the same direction and have the same orientation (check arrow
direction on the sensor) and they must all have the same number of
turns. Sensors should encircle both leg AND ground system.
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GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474 15
E
S
H
RS
RH
ES
1
2
3
4
6474
6472
Overhead earth wire
High-voltage
lines
4 GroundFlex®sensors
connected with the
same orientation
WARNING: If the GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474 is connected to the
earth tester, the earth potential connected to the terminals E (X) and ES
(Xv) will also be present at the BNC connectors of the GroundFlex®sensors
and at the connecting cable between the adapter and tester. Whenever any
doubt exists about this earth potential, the user should proceed to a voltage
measurement using the S (Y) and ES (Xv) terminals of the tester.
1. Set the 3 switches (Inputs, Turns and Sensitivity) of the GroundFlex®Adapter
according to the connection made.
2. Start the measurement by pressing the START/STOP button.
1
AUTO
k Ω
mA
V
H
S
ES
E
S x 12
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16 GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474
To display the measurement parameters, press DISPLAY several times.
The device displays the following parameters:
RSEL, US-ES and its frequency, ISEL, R-Act (RPASS), U-Act (US-ES and its frequency,
UH-E and its frequency), I-Act (ISEL and its frequency).
To measure the resistances of electrodes H (Z) and S (Y), or if the resistance of
the electrodes is too high, start the measurement by a long press (approx 2 sec) of
the START/STOP button (you will hear a 2nd beep).
RH, RS, UH-E, IH-E will be displayed.
2.3.3. Other Measurements
As explained in Step 4 on the previous page, terminals ES (Xv) and E (X) must be
connected to a metallic part of the tower above the GroundFlex®sensor in order to
measure the current owing ISEL downward through the sensor towards the earth
to measure ground resistance of the leg.
If connections ES (Xv) and E (X) are placed below the GroundFlex®sensor, the
latter measures the current owing towards the top of the tower via the overhead
ground conductor at its top, and you can in this way evaluate the quality of this
overhead ground conductor.
You can even make this measurement without moving the contacts of ES (Xv)
and E (X) on the tower by simply passing the 2 connecting cables through the
GroundFlex®sensor. The current in connecting cable E(X) and the current through
the leg of the tower then cancel each other out.
You can also measure any leakage currents (I-Act) owing through each leg of
the tower in normal operation of the high-voltage line. If you nd dierent leakage
currents in each leg, but they cancel out when added together, you can conclude
that these currents, induced by the rotating eld of the high-voltage lines, indicate
an earthing fault of the tower via the overhead ground wire at the tip of the
mast.
2.4. MANUAL MODE AND SWEEP MODE
Use the Hz/OPTIONS button and ►button to change to MANUAL mode. The fol-
lowing parameters can be modied:
• 128Hz blinks Change the test frequency
• Test voltage blinks Switch between 10, 16, 32 and 60V
You can also perform a frequency sweep and a smoothing.
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GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474 17
In the sweep mode, the measurements can be made at frequencies up to 5kHz.
On a single tower, frequencies in the order of 5kHz do not always entail inductive
eects, but the "current loops" formed by the adjacent towers and the return chan-
nel through the ground may result in inductances that can be detected only at high
frequencies.
An equivalent diagram of the components forming this circuit is as follows:
Point of injection
of the current
Overhead
earth wire
LLL
Rpylon
Next pylon
to the left
Pylon
measured
Next pylon
to the right
A measurement in sweep mode (SWEEP) of an installation like this having 10
towers gives the following results assuming an earth resistance Rpylon of 10Ωfor
each tower and an inductance L of 550µH for the link via the overhead ground
conductor at the tip of the towers:
Impedance of the towers
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
F (Hz)
Z (ohm)
Measurement of a tower earth impedance with GroundFlex®
sensors
Conventional 4 pole measurement
Measurement into the top of a tower (iterative network impedance)
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18 GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474
2.5. TOWER TESTING MEASUREMENT
1. Connect the green Current (E) and black Voltage (ES) test leads to the ground-
ing system to be tested using separate cables. Connection points should be
side by side and above the GroundFlex®(Rogowski) coil when testing tower
leg resistance and/or impedance.
Figure 1
2. Wrap the GroundFlex®coils around the tower's leg(s). By increasing the num-
ber of turns around the tower's leg(s), the resulting measurements will be more
robust. All coils must have the same number of turns around each tower leg.
3. Install all coils in the same rotational direction, either clockwise or counterclock-
wise. The coax cables on the GroundFlex®sensors have arrows to indicate the
rotational direction that must be consistent between tower legs. On towers with
3 or 4 legs, the sensors must be in sequence from one leg to the next.
Figure 2
2.5.1. Choosing the positions for the H, S electrodes:
1. If possible, position the H and S electrodes 90° to the High Voltage (HV) line,
and place one to the left and the other to the right with respect to the HV
transmission line. If this is not possible, stay at least 30° oparallel to the HV
line. The minimum distance should be 150 – 300 ft (50-100m). Never place an
electrode within the minimum distance from the HV line and/or parallel to the
HV line.
2. Connect the H electrode using the red (H) lead and the S electrode using the
blue (S) lead (see Figure 2).
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GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474 19
NOTE: The resistance for the Hand Selectrodes to earth should each
be below 1 kΩto ensure good test results.
Figure 3
3. For the most accurate measurements, roll the cable completely out to elimi-
nate any inductance problems in locations with high overhead energy from the
HV line. Normally errors are in the milliohm region when the cables are not
fully removed from the spool.
4. Conrm that the umbilical cable connection between the 6472 and 6474 is
secure. Check the position of the rotary switches (Input, Sensor Turns and
Sensitivity) on the 6474 to be sure they match the test requirements (see
Figure 4).
5. Make sure the number of turns between tower legs are the same. The number
of turns must correspond to the number of turns used on the installed Ground-
Flex®coils on each tower leg.
Figure 4
6. Use input switch position "1-2-3-4" for measurement of the total pylon earth
current on four leg towers. Use the corresponding switch position for 2 (1-2)
and 3 (1-2-3) leg towers.
7. Start the test with x10 amplication.
8. Turn the rotary switch on the model 6472 to the GroundFlex®position. The
6474 amplier will turn on after the 6472 is powered on and the calibration of
the connected GroundFlex®sensors will be veried. The Overload LED will
come on for a few seconds during power up. If this LED is ashing continu-
ously and the 6472 is beeping continually, then the current in the GroundFlex®
sensor(s) are too high for the selected amplication. Reduce to X1 and then
to X1/10 if necessary. If it is still present in the 1/10 position, then reduce the
number of turns of the GroundFlex®sensors.
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20 GroundFlex®Adapter Model 6474
First check (see Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8):
1. Press the DISPLAY button until U-Act. and US-ES or UH-E is shown. U-Act.
refers to live actual voltage. U S-ES equals measured voltage between S and
ES. Disturbance voltage measurements on the S Probe and the H Auxiliary
electrode will run continuously as long as a test has not been initiated with the
START button.
2. Press the DISPLAY key again until U-Act. and UH-E is shown. UH-E equals
the measured voltage between H and E. The frequency of US-ES or UH-E
appears when the corresponding voltage is higher than 0.1V. The measured
voltage is caused by the current owing through the tower into the Earth.
3. Check if the values for UH-E and US-ES are equal. When UH-E equals US-
ES, the electrodes are placed far enough from the potential inuence of the
tower legs.
4. If one of the values is smaller than the other value, you should reposition the
electrode that shows the smaller voltage further away from the HV-line and
check US-ES and UH-E again.
5. Press the START-button when both measurements are equal to each other
for a reliable active measurement. When both US-ES and UH-E are close to
zero, then the HV-line is not in service or the overhead ground conductor is
completely corroded or disconnected. In this case, the total pylon current will
be also nearly zero.
6. Press the DISPLAY button until ISEL appears. This is the total pylon earth
current and is measured by the 4 GroundFlex®sensors (channels 1-2-3-4
selected for a 4 leg tower).
Figure 7 (model 6472)
Figure 6
Figure 5
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