Atmel AT91 ARM Thumb Installation and operating instructions

1
AT91 Host Flash Loader
This application note describes the host Flash loader used to upload and program an
application in the Flash memory of a Flash-based AT91 microcontroller.
Flash-based AT91 devices are delivered by Atmel with resident boot software able to
upload program software into the Flash memory.
The following subjects are covered in this document:
• Flash requirements
• Host loader software
• Host configuration file
• Host loader software user notes
Package Contents
The file AT91Loader.zip contains all source and executable files for the computer. It
also contains AT91Loader8011.ini and AT91Loader16x4.ini files, configuration files for
the AT91Loader.exe file.
The file AT91Flash_uploader.zip contains all source, object and binary files for the
AT91 device. It enables the user to understand and modify (if necessary) the flash
uploader software. Note that fmu_flash.bin is the image of AT91 Flash production line
programming.
Definition of Terms
A Flash-based AT91 is a microcontroller containing an embedded AT91 ARM7TDMI™
microcontroller with a 16-bit Flash memory.
A host Flash loader is a PC running software under Windows®95/98.
USART is the universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver/transmitter, a serial com-
munication port compatible with the computer serial port.
Warranty
All delivered sources are free of charge and can be copied or modified without
authorization.
The software is delivered “AS IS” without warranty or condition of any kind, either
express, implied or statutory. This includes, without limitation, any warranty or condi-
tion with respect to merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose, or against the
infringements of intellectual property rights of others.
AT91 ARM®
Thumb®
Microcontrollers
Application
Note
Rev. 2640A–ATARM–08/02

2AT91 Host Flash Loader
2640A–ATARM–08/02
Host Loader Software The host loader software runs under Windows. The executable file AT91Loader.exe has
been generated with Microsoft®Visual Studio®6.0. Its main functionalities are:
• To read the configuration file (Loader.ini)
• To synchronize with the AT91 boot loader software on a Flash-based AT91 micro-
controller and adapt to the baud rate (defined in Loader.ini)
• To read and analyze the binary file
• To encode commands and transfer data
Configuration File The host flash loader supports different flash configurations described in the configura-
tion file. This file also describes additional initialization parameters for the transfer
configuration. These parameters are defined in four groups:
MODE: Work mode
COM: PC serial port definition
FILE: Name of binary file to download
FLASH: Target Flash description
MODE This field is used for the debug protocol. In general, two modes can be set, automatic
mode or manual mode.
• Manual = 0: Automatic mode. All commands and sequences are managed by the
PC Host Flash loader.
• Manual = 1: Manual mode. All commands can be sent in the menu “Send”. This
mode is used only for debugging the serial communication channel. If this field is
set, the following commands are accessible:
– Autosync: Autosynchronisation
– Synchro: Send the synchro command
– Speed: Send the speed command
– Erase sector: Select the sector to erase and send the erase sector
command
– Write: Select the address and send the write command
– Data: Send a block of 64 data words
– Read Data: Select the address and read a block of 64 data words
– Verify: Select the addresses (start and end) and the checksum and send the
verify command
– Upload: Not implemented
– ACK: Send the ack command
– Fill input buffer: Purge the communication port
COM This field is used to define the serial communication channel. It is divided into four fields:
• Name = COM1: Indicate the PC port connected to the target
• Synchronization = 1200: Indicate the initial connection speed. In this case the low
speed choice is used. The first action of the target is waiting for a character (0x80)
for baud rate measurement and to initiate the communication.
• Transfer_baud = 115200: Indicate data transfer connection speed. In general, a PC
cannot support a baud rate higher than 115200. If the user PC supports a higher
speed, the baud rate can be updated.

3
AT91 Host Flash Loader
2640A–ATARM–08/02
• Target_CD = 18: Indicate the target user CD value for data speed connection. This
value depends on the main target oscillator. The AT91 USART Speed Definition
table on page 8 can be used to choose the best CD value to optimize
communication quality. This value is sent to the target after synchronization and
when communication starts at the high speed data transfer rate.
FILE Name of binary file to download. This name must use the absolute path.
FLASH Target flash description. This field is used to define the embedded Flash. It is sub-
divided into six fields:
– Name = AT49BV8011. Indicate the Flash name. It is used only to provide the
information corresponding to the file definition. This field is not analysed.
– Type = 0x004A. Indicate the type of embedded Flash. This information is
available in the corresponding Flash datasheet in the device code field.
– Manufacturer = 0x001F. Indicate the type of embedded Flash. This
information is available in the corresponding Flash datasheet in the
manufacturer code field.
– base_address = 0x01000000. Indicate the first Flash sector. This value is
also defined in the target by the EBI setting.
– Load_address =0x01000000. Indicate the first address to be loaded.
Generally it is the same as the base address.
– Sector = 40. Indicate the sector number of the embedded Flash. This
information is defined in the features presented in the Flash datasheet .
– Sector_TypeX = and Size_TypeX =
These groups of two fields describe the Flash sector mapping. For example,
if a 16-megabit 1 M words/2 M bytes Flash is used, e.g. AT49BV1604, there
are forty sectors to map as shown in the following table:
For sector type 0, there are 8 sectors of 8 K bytes (Sector_Type0 = 8; Size_Type0 =8)
For sector type 1, there are 2 sectors of 32 K bytes
(Sector_Type1 = 2; Size_Type1 =32)
For sector type 2, there are 8 sectors of 8 K bytes
(Sector_Type2 = 40; Size_Type2 =64)
This information is available in the corresponding Flash datasheet in the Sector Address
Table field.
On page 4 and page 5, there are two examples of the LOADER.INI file, the first for the
embedded Flash AT49BV1604, the second for the AT49BV8011.
Sector No. Sector K bytes Sector_TypeX Size_TypeX X
SA0 to SA7 8 8 8 8 0
SA8 to SA9 2 32 2 32 1
SA10 to SA39 30 64 30 64 2
Total (AT49BV1604) 40 2048

4AT91 Host Flash Loader
2640A–ATARM–08/02
Example of Loader.ini
File for AT91F40416
The example file below is also valid for an AT91 with an embedded AT49BV16x4. The
file is provided by Atmel.
[MODE]
Manual=0 // automatic load, all commands are managed by HOST Loader
[COM]
Name=COM1 // COM1 serial port
Synchronization_baud=1200 // Synchronization baud rate
Transfer_baud=115200 // Transfer baud rate
Target_CD=18 // AT91 CD value for a baud rate of 115200
// Main Clock = 32.678MhZ => CD = 18
// Main Clock = 25Mhz => CD = 13
[FILE] // name of the binary file to download
Name=C:\At91\software\projects\led_blink_eb40\flash\led_blink.bin
[FLASH]
Name=AT49BV1604 // flash type is AT49BV1604
Type=0x00C0
Manufacturer=0x001F// ATMEL manufacturer Id
base_address=0x01000000 // base address of the flash
Load_address=0x01000000 // download address of the binary file
Sector=40 // number of sector of the flash
Sect_type0=8 // number of first sectors SA0 to SA7
Size_type0=8 // Size of the first sectors in K byte
Sect_type1=2 // number of next sectors SA8 and SA9
Size_type1=32 // Size of sectors in K byte
Sect_type2=30 // number of next sectors SA10 to SA39
Size_type2=64 // Size of sectors in K byte
[END_OF_FILE]

5
AT91 Host Flash Loader
2640A–ATARM–08/02
Example of Loader.ini
File for AT91FR4081
The example file is also valid for an AT91 with an embedded AT49BV8011. This file is
provided by Atmel.
[MODE]
Manual=0 // automatic load, all commands are managed by HOST Loader
[COM]
Name=COM1 // COM1 serial port
Synchronization_baud=1200 // Synchronization baud rate
Transfer_baud=115200 // Transfer baud rate
Target_CD=18 // AT91 CD value for a baud rate of 115200
// Main Clock = 32.678MhZ => CD = 18
// Main Clock = 25Mhz => CD = 13
[FILE] // name of the binary file to download
Name=C:\At91\software\projects\led_blink_eb40\flash\led_blink.bin
[FLASH]
Name=AT49BV8011 // flash type is AT49BV8011
Type=0x004A
Manufacturer=0x001F
base_address=0x01000000 // base address of the flash
Load_address=0x01000000 // download address of the binary file
Sector=22 // number of sector of the flash
Sect_type0=1 // number of first sectors SA0
Size_type0=16 // Size of the first sectors in K byte
Sect_type1=1 // number of next sectors SA1
Size_type1=32 // Size of sectors in K byte
Sect_type2=4 // number of next sectors SA2 to SA5
Size_type2=8 // Size of sectors in K byte
Sect_type3=1 // number of next sectors SA6
Size_type3=32 // Size of sectors in K byte
Sect_type4=1 // number of next sectors SA7
Size_type4=16 // Size of sectors in K byte
Sect_type5=14 // number of next sectors SA8 to SA21
Size_type5=64 // Size of sectors in K byte
[END_OF_FILE]

6AT91 Host Flash Loader
2640A–ATARM–08/02
Host Loader Software
User Notes
The download procedure is as follows:
1. If an AT91 with an AT49BV8011 Flash memory is used, copy Loader8011.ini to
Loader.ini.
If an AT91 with an AT4916x4 Flash memory is used, copy Loader16x4.ini to
Loader.ini.
2. Modify the [FILE] field. Set the name of the binary file as follows:
[FILE]
Name=C:\At91\software\projects\
"your project\your binary file name"
3. Connect the AT91-based system through a serial cable to the computer's COM1.
4. Power-up or reset the system to launch Flash_uploader.
5. Launch AT91Loader.exe on your computer.
The window below should appear:
When the computer's serial COM1 is synchronized with the USART of the AT91,
Flash programming begins.
If the download is successful, the following window appears:
If the download is unsuccessful, the following window appears:

7
AT91 Host Flash Loader
2640A–ATARM–08/02
Troubleshooting In case of failure, the following points should be verified:
• Hardware
– AT91 and Flash supplies are correctly connected
– NCS0 is connected to NCSF
– NWAIT is pulled-up and not driven always to 0
– NRST is connected to a reliable reset circuitry
– NRSTF is connected to a reliable reset circuitry (we suggest to connect it
directly to NRST)
– BMS is connected to 0
– NTRI is pulled-up
•Software
– Loader.ini contains the correct memory mapping
– Serial port selected is the one connected to serial cable (COM1 or COM2)
– File name path is correct
–Target_CD corresponds to CD chosen based on the table “AT91 USART
Speed Definition” on page 8
– Transfer_baud corresponds to Target_CD
– File downloaded is a pure binary image file (file extension .mem/ .rom/ .bin)
– The computer's serial port is not already being used

8AT91 Host Flash Loader
2640A–ATARM–08/02
AT91 USART Speed
Definition
The baud rate parameter is selected depending on microprocessor frequency. It is
entered as the value of target_CD in the loader.ini file.
The following table is used to select the most reliable baud rate according to the fre-
quency of the AT91-based system. Note that in asynchronous mode, maximum error
must not be greater than 5%.
USART Baud Rate = MCKI/CD x 16
MCKI (MHz) Baud Max (Bits/s) Standard (Bits/s) CD Real CD Choice Real (Bits/s) Error %
3 686 400 230 400 115 200 2.00 2 115 200.00 0.00%
4 915 200 307 200 115 200 2.67 3 102 400.00 12.50%
5 000 000 312 500 115 200 2.71 3 104 166.67 10.59%
6 000 000 375 000 115 200 3.26 3 125 000.00 7.84%
6 144 000 384 000 115 200 3.33 3 128 000.00 10.00%
7 372 800 460 800 115 200 4.00 4 115 200.00 0.00%
8 000 000 500 000 115 200 4.34 4 125 000.00 7.84%
10 738 635 671 165 115 200 5.83 6 111 860.78 2.99%
12 000 000 750 000 115 200 6.51 7 107 142.86 7.52%
12 288 000 768 000 115 200 6.67 7 109 714.29 5.00%
14 318 180 894 886 115 200 7.77 8 111 860.78 2.99%
14 745 600 921 600 115 200 8.00 8 115 200.00 0.00%
15 000 000 937 500 115 200 8.14 8 117 187.50 1.70%
18 432 000 1 152 000 115 200 10.00 10 115 200.00 0.00%
24 000 000 1 500 000 115 200 13.02 13 115 384.62 0.16%
24 576 000 1 536 000 115 200 13.33 13 118 153.85 2.50%
25 000 000 1 562 500 115 200 13.56 14 111 607.14 3.22%
32 000 000 2 000 000 115 200 17.36 17 117 647.06 2.08%
32 768 000 2 048 000 115 200 17.78 18 113 777.78 1.25%
40 000 000 2 500 000 115 200 21.70 22 113 636.36 1.38%

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© Atmel Corporation 2002.
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