Basler BE1-32 User manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
FOR
DIRECTIONAL POWER RELAYS
BE1-32 and BE1-32O/U
Publication: 9171100990
Revision: R 09/07
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9171100990 Rev R BE1-32R, BE1-32O/U Introduction i
INTRODUCTION
This instruction manual provides information about the operation and installation of the BE1-32R and
BE1-32O/U Directional Power Relays. To accomplish this, the following information is provided:
•General Information and Specifications
•Controls and Indicators
•Functional Description
•Installation
•Tests and Adjustments
WARNING!
To avoid personal injury or equipment damage, only qualified personnel should
perform the procedures in this manual.
NOTE
Be sure that the relay is hard-wired to earth ground with no smaller than 12 AWG
copper wire attached to the ground terminal on the rear of the unit case. When
the relay is configured in a system with other devices, it is recommended to use a
separate lead to the ground bus from each unit.
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ii BE1-32R, BE1-32O/U Introduction 9171100990 Rev R
First Printing: September 1986
Printed in USA
© 1986, 1994-1995, 1998, 2000-2003, 2005-2007 Basler Electric, Highland Illinois 62249 USA
All Rights Reserved
September 2007
It is not the intention of this manual to cover all details and variations in equipment, nor does this manual
provide data for every possible contingency regarding installation or operation. The availability and design
of all features and options are subject to modification without notice. Should further information be
required, contact Basler Electric.
BASLER ELECTRIC
ROUTE 143, BOX 269
HIGHLAND IL 62249 USA
http://www.basler.com, [email protected]
PHONE [phone] FAX [phone]
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
of Basler Electric, Highland Illinois, USA. It is loaned for confidential use, subject
to return on request, and with the mutual understanding that it will not be used in
any manner detrimental to the interest of Basler Electric.
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9171100990 Rev R BE1-32R, BE1-32O/U Introduction iii
REVISION HISTORY
The following information provides a historical summary of the changes made to the BE1-32R and BE1-
32O/U instruction manual (9171100990). Revisions are listed in reverse chronological order.
Manual
Revision and Date Change
R, 09/07 •Added manual part number and revision to all footers.
•Updated Power Supply Burden data in Section 1.
•Updated Target Indicator description in Section 3.
•Moved content of Section 6, Maintenance to Section 4 and deleted
Section 6.
P, 11/06 •Updated Table 1-1 Steam Turbine Percent of Rated kW.
•Added GOST-R to Specifications in Section 1.
N, 08/05 •In Section 1 and 3, where applicable, added recommendation against
using relay with power factors below 0.10.
•Corrected the shorting bar illustration across terminals 8 and 9 in
Figures 4-17, 4-18, 4-19, and 4-20.
M, 10/03 •Replaced cover illustrations and Figure 2-1 with drawing showing
revised front panel layout.
•Modified style chart (Figure 1-11) to clarify sensing input range
selection.
•Modified the function block diagram of Figure 3-1.
•Added information to Section 3 about sensing input range 1, 4, and 7
current ratings and burden.
•Deleted Tables 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3. (These tables are duplicates of the
tables already provided in Section 1.) Modified the text references
accordingly.
•Reorganized the Section 4 mounting drawings according to type:
drilling, outline-rear view, outline-side view, and outline-cover.
•Deleted Section 4 dielectric test information (already provided in
Section 1).
•Moved manual revision information from Section 7 to introduction
section of the manual.
L, 08/02 •Revised Figure 1-14 to illustrate the new 32R inverse time curves.
•Corrected various minor errors throughout the manual.
K, 08/01 •Improved Pickup description in Section 3.
•Revised Figures 4-2 and 4-12 to show slotted knob on the front panel.
•Revised Figure 4-4.
J, 09/00 •Updated the outline drawings in Section 4 to show new case cover
design.
•Removed the selectable power supply option from the style chart.
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iv BE1-32R, BE1-32O/U Introduction 9171100990 Rev R
Manual
Revision and Date Change
H, 06/98 •Deleted references to Service Manual 9171100620.
•Changed power supply voltage and burden data listed in Section 1.
•Added information to instantaneous response time specification in
Section 1.
•Added Figure 1-13 and associated paragraphs describing the
underpower element.
•Corrected the power supply entries in the style chart.
•Add information to the pickup accuracy specification in Section 1.
•Added information to the Power Supply paragraph in Section 3.
•Added outline drawings to cover all available case options.
•Changed the case ground symbol shown in the Internal Connection
diagrams.
•Revised the manual format.
G, 07/95 •Revised the pickup accuracy stated in Specifications of Section 1.
•Corrected isolation specification in Section 1 and dielectric test values
in Section 4.
•Added Note 3 to Figure 4-20.
•Corrected CT sensing connections in Figure 4-21.
•Moved polarity indications in Figure 4-25.
•Deleted ±30°label in Figure 5-5 and corrected equation.
F, 06/94 •Added 120 Vac label to Figure 1-11.
•Changed reference for Figure 1-12 from Specifications, Timing
Accuracies to Timing Adjustment Range.
•Added Figure 1-13.
•Corrected input sensing terminal numbers in Figure 4-23.
•Deleted reference to Figure 3-8 (Figure 3-8 was replaced by Figure 1-
13.)
E, 02/94 •Added internal connection and typical connection diagrams to Section
4.
•Added Phase Rotation Sensitivity to Section 1.
•Revised the format of the manual.
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9171100990 Rev R BE1-32R, BE1-32O/U Introduction v
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 •GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................ 1-1
SECTION 2 •CONTROLS AND INDICATORS........................................................................................ 2-1
SECTION 3 •FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION........................................................................................... 3-1
SECTION 4 •INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................. 4-1
SECTION 5 •TESTING ............................................................................................................................ 5-1
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9171100990 Rev R BE1-32R, BE1-32O/U General Information i
SECTION 1 •GENERAL INFORMATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1 •GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................1-1
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................1-1
APPLICATION .......................................................................................................................................1-1
Example 1: Anti-Motoring...................................................................................................................1-1
Example 2: Co-Generator Control......................................................................................................1-2
Example 3: Generator Overload ........................................................................................................1-3
Example 4: Intertie .............................................................................................................................1-3
Example 5: Delayed Electrical Trip ....................................................................................................1-4
Example 6: Breaker Opening Detection.............................................................................................1-4
Example 7: Reactive Power (Vars) Detection....................................................................................1-6
MODEL AND STYLE NUMBER.............................................................................................................1-7
Style Number Example.......................................................................................................................1-8
SPECIFICATIONS.................................................................................................................................1-9
Current Sensing .................................................................................................................................1-9
Voltage Sensing ................................................................................................................................. 1-9
Targets ...............................................................................................................................................1-9
Output Circuits..................................................................................................................................1-10
Power Supply ...................................................................................................................................1-10
Pickup...............................................................................................................................................1-10
Timing...............................................................................................................................................1-10
Timing—continued ...........................................................................................................................1-13
Power Range (Pickup) .....................................................................................................................1-13
Type Tests........................................................................................................................................1-13
UL Recognition.................................................................................................................................1-14
GOST-R............................................................................................................................................1-14
Temperature.....................................................................................................................................1-14
Weight ..............................................................................................................................................1-14
Figures
Figure 1-1. Single-Phase...........................................................................................................................1-1
Figure 1-2. Power Relay Start Control.......................................................................................................1-2
Figure 1-3. Power Relay Start/Stop Control..............................................................................................1-3
Figure 1-4. Power Relay Distribution Protection .......................................................................................1-3
Figure 1-5. Single-Phase, Non-Electrical Trip Supervision.......................................................................1-4
Figure 1-6. Breaker Opening Detection.....................................................................................................1-4
Figure 1-7. Power Factor, First and Second Quadrants............................................................................1-5
Figure 1-8. Power Factor, Third and Fourth Quadrants............................................................................1-5
Figure 1-9. Underpower Tripping...............................................................................................................1-5
Figure 1-11. Modified Type A Sensing......................................................................................................1-7
Figure 1-12. Style Number Identification Chart.........................................................................................1-8
Figure 1-13. Overpower Instantaneous Response Time ........................................................................1-11
Figure 1-14. Underpower Instantaneous Response Time ......................................................................1-11
Figure 1-15. Overpower Inverse Time Characteristic Curves.................................................................1-12
Tables
Table 1-1. Motoring Reverse Power Requirements..................................................................................1-2
Table 1-2. Current Sensing Burden in Ohms............................................................................................1-9
Table 1-3. Power Supply Specifications..................................................................................................1-10
Table 1-4. Power Pickup Ranges............................................................................................................1-13
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9171100990 Rev R BE1-32R, BE1-32O/U General Information 1-1
SECTION 1 •GENERAL INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION
BE1-32R, Directional Overpower and BE1-32O/U, Directional Over/Underpower Relays sense real power
(IE times the cosine of θ). These solid-state relays are designed for use in single- or three-phase systems
to protect equipment against overpower and/or underpower conditions. They may also be used in the
supervisory control of circuits.
APPLICATION
Directional Power Relays are typically used in applications where excessive power flow in the tripping
direction is bad. Over and/or underpower protection is desirable where:
•Power flows into a generator, indicating loss of prime mover torque (motoring).
•Power flows into the secondary of a station distribution transformer, indicating an industrial or private
customer is supplying power into the utility system.
•Excessive load has been connected to a system.
•Overload has been placed on a distribution system.
•Overspeeding is a prime concern.
•An open breaker creates an overload on a local generation facility.
•Loss of excitation can be determined by var sensing.
Example 1: Anti-Motoring
When a synchronous generator, operating in parallel
with a power system, loses prime mover torque, it
remains in synchronism with the system and continues
to run as a synchronous motor. Motoring draws power
from the system to drive the prime mover and can cause
severe damage to the prime mover. Steam turbines
require a constant flow of steam to remove the heat
caused by turbulence or cavitations on or about the
blades. Without this flow of steam, heat builds up and
may cause softening or distortion of the turbine blades.
Diesel engines and gas turbines are less susceptible to
immediate damage, but unburned fuel may present a fire
or explosion hazard.
BE1-32 Directional Power Relays can detect power flow
into the generator and disconnect the generator before
the prime mover sustains inevitable damage. Unlike the
conditions arising from faults, the electrical conditions
involved in anti-motoring protection are balanced.
Therefore, single-phase relay protection is adequate.
Figure 1-1 shows connections for single-phase relay
(type B or V sensing). This connection measures real
power if the system voltages are balanced.
The BE1-32R, Reverse Power Relay must be sensitive
enough to detect power levels lower than those required
to motor the generator. Sensitivity is much more
important on steam and hydro turbines than on
reciprocating engines and gas turbines.
Figure 1-1. Single-Phase
Motoring Protection
Table 1-1 represents the reverse power requirements to motor a generator when the prime mover is
rotating at synchronous speed with no input power supplied by the prime mover.
NOTE
This product is not recommended for power factors below 0.10. Contact Basler
Electric for recommended products.
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1-2 BE1-32R, BE1-32O/U General Information 9171100990 Rev R
Table 1-1. Motoring Reverse Power Requirements
Prime Mover Type Percent of Rated kW
Hydro Turbine 0.2 to 2.0
Steam Turbine (condensing or non-condensing) 0.5 to 3.0
Diesel Engine (no cylinders firing) Up to 25
Gas Turbine Up to 50 (due to compressor load)
The Reverse Power Relay is generally set for levels as low as possible with steam turbines typically being
set not higher than three percent and diesels and gas turbines slightly below ten percent.
Time delays are usually employed to avoid nuisance tripping caused by reverse power transient surges
that may result from synchronizing or other system disturbances. These time delays are typically set from
2 to 10 seconds, but may be set as high as 30 seconds or more.
An operating condition with very low power levels at a low power factor may not be detected by this
product. For very low power levels at power factors of 0.10 or lower, contact Basler Electric for
recommended products.
Example 2: Co-Generator Control
In this example, cogeneration concepts are addressed.
To illustrate, assume that the cogeneration system has
automatic engine controls, an auto-synchronizer,
automatic kW, and kvar controls. The system operates
virtually by itself. The only function lacking is the
start/stop signals to the generators. Two system
configurations may be implemented to generate contact
closures for start/stop signals.
The first configuration (Figure 1-2) shows a directional
power relay connected to the utility to sense kW. The
pickup point of the relay is set at the maximum desired
utility power level. When the utility power level exceeds
the relay pickup point, the output relay contact closes
and the generator is automatically started and paralleled
with the utility. A time delay is generally included in the
start circuit of about 15 or more seconds to ignore
transient overload conditions.
When the generator is paralleled and loaded, the kW
signal of the utility decreases by the amount of load the
generator has accepted. An underpower relay can
measure utility power and generate a stop signal when
the utility power decreases below a selected level. A
time delay is typically provided for the stop signal of one
minute or more (however, time delays are totally user
controlled). The Basler Electric Model BE1-32O/U Power
Relay incorporates both overpower and underpower
sensing in a single relay unit and is ideal for this type of
application.
Figure 1-2. Power Relay Start Control
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9171100990 Rev R BE1-32R, BE1-32O/U General Information 1-3
In the second configuration, the start signal is generated in the same manner as that of Figure 1-2. The
start signal setpoint may be set above the import power setting. The stop signal will require an
underpower relay on the generator output. This system is illustrated in Figure 1-3.
Example 3: Generator Overload
When excessive load has been connected to a generating system, the directional power relay can initiate
corrective action. Corrective action could be energizing an alarm to alert the station operator. For
automated systems, corrective action could be initiating the sequence to either shed non-critical load or to
start and parallel an in-house generator to assume the excess load.
Figure 1-3. Power Relay Start/Stop Control
Example 4: Intertie
Another typical use of the directional power relay, addresses excessive load and concerns distribution
protection (Figure 1-4). A high voltage bus supplies two transformers: T1 and T2. Both T1 and T2 can
supply all connected load. However, neither T1 nor T2 alone can supply the total load. A BE1-32O/U,
over/underpower directional relay can protect this distribution system by providing overload protection for
each transformer (overpower function) or by sensing power flow through the transformers (reverse power
function) in an undesired direction.
Figure 1-4. Power Relay Distribution Protection
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Example 5: Delayed Electrical Trip
On large steam units, where overspeeding is a prime concern, a reverse power relay can be used to
supervise electrical tripping (field and main ac breakers) for selected relay operations (e.g., non-electrical
trips, loss of field relay), as shown in Figure 1-5. The reverse power relay delays breaker tripping until
trapped steam has been removed from the piping. In this case, a separate direct-tripping anti-motoring
relay can be used to protect for situations not related to an automatic shutdown of the unit.
Figure 1-5. Single-Phase, Non-Electrical Trip Supervision
Example 6: Breaker Opening Detection
Figure 1-6 shows a reverse power relay used to detect the opening of a source at an industrial (or other
independent generation) location. A location with no generation but multiple ties from a common source is
a good candidate for this relay application. With local generation, the relay is applicable if the local
generation is not to deliver real power to the utility.
Figure 1-6. Breaker Opening Detection
Under near-floating conditions (minimal flow of real power from the utility), the relay can encounter a wide
range of power factor angles in the first and second quadrants (see Figure 1-7). If the local generation is
underexcited, reactive power is supplied by the utility and operation is in the first quadrant. Figure 1-7
shows the range of power factor angles (also in the first two quadrants) under heavy line loading.
Because of these power factors, the relay must not operate for any angle in the first and second
quadrants.
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9171100990 Rev R BE1-32R, BE1-32O/U General Information 1-5
Figure 1-7. Power Factor, First and Second Quadrants
When breaker N opens, operation transfers to the third or fourth quadrants (see Figure 1-8). If
transformer exciting current predominates, operation falls in the third quadrant. If cable charging current
pre-dominates, operation falls in the fourth quadrant. In either case, the transformer losses must be
supplied. In Figure 1-8, a real current component of four milliamperes is shown and represents core
losses of the transformer (about 0.1% of rated).
Figure 1-8. Power Factor, Third and Fourth Quadrants
When breaker N opens, real power reverses from normal and flows toward the utility. This power may be
flowing to the tapped load. At this time, the relay operates and causes the 52 breaker to open.
Figure 1-9A shows an underpower tripping application based on the BE1-32O/U, model A1F with an
overpower setting of 0.5 watts and an underpower setting of 50%. The control circuit for this application is
shown in Figure 1-9B. Figure 1-8B shows the operating characteristic in the first and second quadrant.
The relay Under contact closes to trip the breaker when the real power flow from the utility drops below
0.25 watts. Because this contact is pre-closed at the instant of breaker closing, the trip circuit must be
disabled by a timing relay (62) until after the breaker has closed.
Figure 1-9. Underpower Tripping
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Example 7: Reactive Power (Vars) Detection
This example illustrates a directional power relay configured to distinguish between real and reactive
power. Real power (watts) is supplied to the synchronous generator by the prime mover, and reactive
power (vars) is supplied to the field by the exciter. When field excitation is significantly reduced and the
connected system can provide sufficient reactive power to maintain the generator terminal voltage,
reactive power flows into the machine and causes it to operate as an induction generator with essentially
the same kW output. This situation causes two major problems. First, the additional reactive loading of
the faulty generator must be redistributed to other synchronous generators on the system. Secondly, a
synchronous generator is not designed to operate as an induction generator. Excessive heating results in
the damper (amortisseur) windings, slot wedges, and in the surface iron of the rotor due to the slip
frequency current flow when a synchronous generator is operated as an induction generator.
BE1-32R and BE1-32O/U Directional Power Relays are designed to
respond to true power (P) as defined by the following equation and
illustrated in Figure 1-10.
P = EI (cos θ)
where: P = real power (watts)
I = effective current
E = effective EMF or system voltage
θ= the power factor angle
However, reactive power (Q) is defined by the equation:
Q = EI (sin θ)
Using the trigonometric identity sine θ= cos(θ– 90 )
then: Q = EI (cos(θ– 90 ))
If the phase of the sensed voltage is shifted +90 , the true power relay can be used to monitor reactive
power. In practice, this can be accomplished by applying the appropriate line-to-line voltage to a true
power measuring relay designed for line-to-neutral sensing. Figure 1-11 illustrates how a single-phase
BE1-32R or BE1-32O/U can be connected to measure either real power (watts) or reactive power (vars)
flow in a three-phase system. Note the difference of phase relationship between the alternate connections
in Figure 1-11.
Figure 1-10. True
Power Response
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9171100990 Rev R BE1-32R, BE1-32O/U General Information 1-7
Figure 1-11. Modified Type A Sensing
MODEL AND STYLE NUMBER
BE1-32R and -32 O/U Directional Power Relays electrical characteristics and operational features are
defined by a combination of letters and numbers that make up the style number. Model numbers BE1-
32R or BE1-32O/U designate the relay as a Basler Electric, Class 100, Directional Power Relay. The
model number and style number describe the options included in a specific device, and appear on the
front panel, draw-out cradle, and inside the case assembly. Upon receipt of a relay, be sure to check the
style number against the requisition and the packing list to ensure that they agree.
The style number chart is shown in Figure 1-12.
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1-8 BE1-32R, BE1-32O/U General Information 9171100990 Rev R
Figure 1-12. Style Number Identification Chart
Style Number Example
If a BE1-32R Directional Overpower Relay is ordered with a style number of A1GA1PA0N1F, the relay
would have the following features.
A------- Single-phase current sensing and line-to-neutral voltage sensing
1-------- 120 Vac, 0.5 to 20 W sensing input range
G------- One output relay with normally closed (N.C.) contacts
A1------ Instantaneous timing characteristics with one setpoint
P------- 125 Vdc/120 Vac power supply
A------- One internally operated target
0-------- No option 1
N------- No power supply status output
1-------- One normally-open, auxiliary output relay
F-------- Semi-flush mounting case
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9171100990 Rev R BE1-32R, BE1-32O/U General Information 1-9
SPECIFICATIONS
Current Sensing
BE1-32R and -32 O/U Directional Power Relays are designed for use with five amperes nominal (50/60
HZ) system current transformer secondaries. The input sensing current transformers within the relay are
rated as follows.
Sensing Input Ranges 1, 4, and 7 ∗
Continuous Rating: 7 A
1 Minute Rating: 10 A
1 Second Rating: 140 A
∗Refer to Section 3, Functional Description, Current Sensing for sensing input range 1, 4, and 7 current
rating and burden considerations.
Sensing Input Ranges 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9
Continuous Rating: 10 A
1 Minute Rating: 15 A
1 Second Rating: 200 A
Burden
Burden values (in ohms) are listed for each sensing input range in Table 1-2.
Table 1-2. Current Sensing Burden in Ohms
Sensing Input Range
1, 4, 7 ∗2, 5, 8 3, 6, 9
Range Low High Low High Low High
Tap A 4.811 0.400 0.096 0.022 0.013 0.010
Tap B 2.466 0.240 0.058 0.019 0.012 0.010
Tap C 1.677 0.190 0.045 0.018 0.011 0.010
Tap D 1.277 0.165 0.039 0.018 0.011 0.010
Tap E 1.036 0.151 0.034 0.017 0.011 0.010
Tap F 0.874 0.142 0.032 0.017 0.011 0.010
Tap G 0.760 0.134 0.030 0.017 0.011 0.010
Tap H 0.674 0.129 0.0029 0.017 0.011 0.010
Tap J 0.611 0.126 0.028 0.017 0.011 0.010
Tap K 0.556 0.123 0.027 0.017 0.011 0.010
∗See Section 3, Functional Description, Current Sensing for sensing input range
1, 4, and 7 burden considerations.
Voltage Sensing
Voltage signals are provided by the secondary windings of standard potential transformers (100/200, 50
Hz or 120/240, 60 Hz).
Continuous Voltage Rating: 150% of nominal
Burden: <1 VA
Targets
Electronically latched, manually reset target indicators are optionally available to indicate that a trip output
contact has been energized. Either internally operated or current operated targets may be selected.
Internally operated targets should be selected if the relay has normally closed output contacts.
Current Operated Targets
Minimum Required Current: 200 mA
Continuous Rating: 3 A
2 Minute Rating: 7 A
1 Second Rating: 30 A
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Output Circuits
Resistive Ratings
120 Vac: Make, break, and carry 7 Aac continuously
250 Vdc: Make and carry 30 Adc for 0.2 s, carry 7 Adc continuously, and break 0.3 Adc
500 Vdc: Make and carry 15 Adc for 0.2 s, carry 7 Adc continuously, and break 0.3 Adc
Inductive Ratings
120 Vac, 125 Vdc, 250 Vdc: Break 0.3 A (L/R = 0.04)
Power Supply
Power supply specifications are listed in Table 1-3. All ac references are at 50/60 Hz.
Table 1-3. Power Supply Specifications
Input Voltage
Type Nominal Range Burden at Nominal
O (mid range) 48 Vdc 24 to 150 Vdc 3.6 W
P (mid range) 125 Vdc
120 Vac 24 to 150 Vdc 90 to 132 Vac 3.7 W 17.3 VA
R (low range) 24 Vdc 12 to 32 Vdc ∗3.7 W
T (high range) 250 Vdc
240 Vac 68 to 280 Vdc 90 to 270 Vac 3.8 W 24.6 VA
∗Type R power supply may require 14 Vdc to begin operation. Once operating, the voltage may be
reduced to 12 Vdc.
Pickup
Single-Phase Accuracy
PF = 1: ±2 percent of front panel setting or 0.05 W, whichever is greater
0.5<PF<1: ±5 percent of front panel setting or 0.05 W, whichever is greater
Three-Phase Accuracy
PF =1 ±2 percent of front panel setting or 0.15 W, whichever is greater
0.5<PF<1 ±5 percent of front panel setting or 0.15 W, whichever is greater
This product is not recommended for power factors below 0.10. Contact Basler Electric for recommended
products.
Dropout Accuracy
95% of actual pickup.
Timing
Response Time
Instantaneous Overpower: <80 ms (60 Hz) or <100 ms (50 Hz) for real power magnitude of
2 times the setting and greater. The response time is character-
ized by the graph in Figure 1-13.
Instantaneous Underpower: <50 ms (60 Hz) or <65 ms (50 Hz) for real power magnitude of
0.8 times the setting and less. The response time is character-
ized by the graph in Figure 1-14.
Adjustment Range
Definite Time: Thumbwheel adjustable over the range of 0.1 to 9.9 seconds in
increments of 0.1 seconds or by use of a multiplier switch, 1 to
99 seconds in increments of 01 seconds. A setting of 00 enables
instantaneous timing.
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