BMW F48 User manual

Technical�training.
Product�information.
BMW�Service
F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems

General�information
Symbols�used
The�following�symbol�is�used�in�this�document�to�facilitate�better�comprehension�or�to�draw�attention
to�very�important�information:
Contains�important�safety�information�and�information�that�needs�to�be�observed�strictly�in�order�to
guarantee�the�smooth�operation�of�the�system.
Information�status�and�national-market�versions
BMW�Group�vehicles�meet�the�requirements�of�the�highest�safety�and�quality�standards.�Changes
in�requirements�for�environmental�protection,�customer�benefits�and�design�render�necessary
continuous�development�of�systems�and�components.�Consequently,�there�may�be�discrepancies
between�the�contents�of�this�document�and�the�vehicles�available�in�the�training�course.
This�document�basically�relates�to�the�European�version�of�left-hand�drive�vehicles.�Some�operating
elements�or�components�are�arranged�differently�in�right-hand�drive�vehicles�than�shown�in�the
graphics�in�this�document.�Further�differences�may�arise�as�a�result�of�the�equipment�specification�in
specific�markets�or�countries.
Additional�sources�of�information
Further�information�on�the�individual�topics�can�be�found�in�the�following:
• Owner's�Handbook
• Integrated�Service�Technical�Application.
Contact:�[e-mail]
©2015�BMW�AG,�Munich
Reprints�of�this�publication�or�its�parts�require�the�written�approval�of�BMW�AG,�Munich
The�information�contained�in�this�document�forms�an�integral�part�of�the�technical�training�of�the
BMW�Group�and�is�intended�for�the�trainer�and�participants�in�the�seminar.�Refer�to�the�latest�relevant
information�systems�of�the�BMW�Group�for�any�changes/additions�to�the�technical�data.
Information�status:�June�2015
BV-72/Technical�Training

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
Contents
1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
2. KAFAS................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2
2.1. Person�recognition...............................................................................................................................................................................................2
2.2. Functional�limitations.......................................................................................................................................................................................5
2.3. System�wiring�diagram................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
3. Road�Sign�Recognition......................................................................................................................................................................................................8
3.1. Operation.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
3.2. Function................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
3.2.1. Road�sign�recognition�with�navigation�system...................................................................... 9
3.3. Limits�of�the�system..................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
4. Camera-based�Collision�Warning..............................................................................................................................................................12
4.1. Collision�warning�with�city�braking�function........................................................................................................... 12
4.1.1. Functional�principle...................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.2. Early�warning.......................................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.1.3. Acute�warning....................................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.1.4. Braking�function.................................................................................................................................................................14
4.2. Pedestrian�warning�with�city�braking�function.................................................................................................... 15
4.3. Warnings�in�the�instrument�cluster.......................................................................................................................................17
4.4. Operation........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
4.5. Displays............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
4.6. Limits�of�the�system..................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
4.7. System�wiring�diagram............................................................................................................................................................................. 21
5. Park�Distance�Control.....................................................................................................................................................................................................23
5.1. System�wiring�diagram............................................................................................................................................................................. 24
5.2. Operation........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 25
5.2.1. Deactivation�criteria......................................................................................................................................................26
5.3. Auto�PDC....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
6. Parking�Maneuver�Assistant............................................................................................................................................................................... 28
6.1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 28
6.2. System�components.................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
6.3. System�wiring�diagram............................................................................................................................................................................. 30
6.4. Control�unit..................................................................................................................................................................................................................32
7. Rear�View�Camera.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
7.1. System�components.................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
7.2. System�wiring�diagram............................................................................................................................................................................. 34

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
Contents
8. Cruise�Control................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36
8.1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 36
8.2. Cruise�control�with�braking�function...................................................................................................................................36
8.3. Camera-based�cruise�control�with�Stop&Go�function............................................................................ 37
8.3.1. KAFAS�camera.....................................................................................................................................................................38
8.3.2. Control�function..................................................................................................................................................................39
8.3.3. Display............................................................................................................................................................................................... 40
8.3.4. Operation.......................................................................................................................................................................................40
8.3.5. System�wiring�diagram............................................................................................................................................42

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
1.�Introduction
1
The�assistance�systems�facilitate�driving�of�the�vehicle�by:
• providing�the�driver�with�information
• giving�the�driver�suggestions�or
• automatically�intervening�in�the�driving�process.
This�product�information�bulletin�provides�an�overview�of�the�assistance�systems�which�are�new�or
whose�function�has�been�modified:
• Collision�warning�with�city�braking�function
• Pedestrian�warning�with�city�braking�function
• Road�sign�recognition�including�no�overtaking�display
• Park�Distance�Control
• Parking�Maneuver�Assistant
• Rear�view�camera
• Cruise�control
In�the�F48,�a�lot�of�the�optional�equipment�known�from�other�BMW�models�is�still�only�available�in
conjunction�with�optional�equipment�packages�Driving�Assistant�(SA�5AS)�or�Driving�Assistant�Plus
(SA�5AT).�The�following�table�shows�which�systems�are�included�in�the�different�optional�equipment
packages:
System Driving�Assistant
(SA5AS)
Driving�Assistant
Plus�(SA�5AT)
Standard
equipment
High-beam�assistant X X
Lane�departure�warning X X
Road�sign�recognition X X
Collision�warning�with�city
braking�function
X X X
Pedestrian�warning�with
city�braking�function
X X
Active�Cruise�Control X
The�optional�equipment�package�Driving�Assistant�(SA�5AS)�is�an�element�of�the�optional�equipment
package�Driving�Assistant�Plus�(SA�5AT).

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
2.�KAFAS
2
The�recognition�of�road�users�driving�ahead�and�the�detection�of�pedestrians�are�among�the�most
important�functions�to�be�satisfied�by�assistance�systems.�This�function�must�be�satisfied�at�both�long
distance�and�close�range.�The�functions�in�the�F48�have�been�implemented�in�optionally�available
combinations�as�camera-based�systems�using�a�shared�camera�and�shared�control�unit.
The�KAFAS�camera�and�KAFAS�control�unit�therefore�constitute�the�central�element�of�the�following
assistance�systems:
• Collision�warning�with�city�braking�function
• Pedestrian�warning�with�city�braking�function
• Road�sign�recognition
• Lane�departure�warning
• Camera-based�cruise�control
2.1.�Person�recognition
F48�Detection�range�of�KAFAS�camera
The�person�recognition�in�the�F48�only�takes�place�with�the�help�of�the�camera-based�driver�support
system.�A�radar�sensor�is�not�offered�in�the�F48,�unlike�in�other�BMW�models.

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
2.�KAFAS
3
F48�KAFAS�camera
Index Explanation
1 KAFAS�camera
2 Rain‐light‐solar-condensation�sensor
3 Photosensor�for�electrochromic�interior�mirror
F48�KAFAS�control�unit

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
2.�KAFAS
4
F48�Image�transmission�via�LVDS�data�line
Index Explanation
1 KAFAS�control�unit
2 KAFAS�camera
The�KAFAS�camera�captures�the�scene�in�front�of�the�vehicle�and�detects�entire�rear�views�of�moving
and�stationary�vehicles�in�the�field�of�view�using�machine�vision.�The�KAFAS�camera�also�ensures�that
driving�lane�information,�vehicle�positions�and�movements�are�determined�at�the�same�time.
With�the�aid�of�the�image�data�from�the�KAFAS�camera,�objects�can�be�clearly�identified�as�vehicles
and�corresponding�transverse�movements�as�lane�changes.

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
2.�KAFAS
5
2.2.�Functional�limitations
Example�of�functional�limitation�by�backlight
The�function�of�the�KAFAS�camera�and�thus�also�the�function�of�the�corresponding�assistance
systems�may�be�impaired�in�the�following�situations,�for�example:
• heavy�fog,�rain,�rain�spray�or�snow
• strong�backlight
• if�the�field�of�view�of�the�KAFAS�camera�or�the�windscreen�is�dirty�or�covered
• at�sharp�bends
• up�to�10�seconds�after�the�engine�start�via�the�START-STOP�button
• during�the�calibration�process�for�the�KAFAS�camera�immediately�after
vehicle�delivery�or�a�camera�change

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
2.�KAFAS
6
2.3.�System�wiring�diagram
F48�system�wiring�diagram�for�KAFAS

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
2.�KAFAS
7
Index Explanation
1 KAFAS�camera
2 Heating,�KAFAS�camera
3 Dynamic�Stability�Control�(DSC)
4 Fuse�in�the�power�distribution�box�in�the�passenger�compartment
5 Body�Domain�Controller�(BDC)
6 Fuse�in�the�Body�Domain�Controller
7 Camera-based�driver�support�systems�(KAFAS)
8 Optional�equipment�system�(SAS)
9 Steering�column�switch�cluster�(SZL)
10 Instrument�cluster�(KOMBI)
11 Intelligent�Safety�button

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
3.�Road�Sign�Recognition
8
With�the�road�sign�recognition�function,�current�top�speed�limitations�can�be�displayed�in�the
instrument�cluster�and,�if�applicable,�also�in�the�Head‐Up�Display,�in�order�to�avoid�possible�excess
speed.
The�road�sign�recognition�is�an�element�of�the�optional�equipment�Driving�Assistant�(SA�5AS).
Depending�on�the�equipment,�the�function�of�the�road�sign�recognition�may�vary:
• Road�sign�recognition�with�navigation�system
• Road�sign�recognition�without�navigation�system
The�responsibility�for�the�vehicle�and�the�speed�driven�lies�solely�with�the�driver.
3.1.�Operation
The�road�sign�recognition�can�be�switched�on�and�off�using�a�controller.�For�this�purpose,�select�the
following:
1 Settings
2 Instrument�cluster
3 Road�sign�recognition
If�the�road�sign�recognition�is�switched�on,�the�information�recorded�is�shown�in�the�instrument�cluster.
If�a�speed�limitation�symbol�with�three�horizontal�lines�is�displayed�in�the�instrument�cluster�instead�of
the�max.�permissible�speed,�then�the�road�sign�recognition�is�not�available�(e.g.�in�non-mapped�areas
such�as�underground�car�parks�and�car�parks).
3.2.�Function
In�the�F48,�the�road�sign�recognition�can�be�ordered�from�BMW�by�the�customer�for�the�first�time
without�the�connection�to�a�navigation�system.�This�also�makes�it�possible�to�offer�the�function�in
countries�which�had�to�waive�this�function�due�to�missing�navigation�data.

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
3.�Road�Sign�Recognition
9
3.2.1.�Road�sign�recognition�with�navigation�system
The�control�unit�for�the�road�sign�recognition�function�is�the�KAFAS�control�unit.
In�addition,�the�detected�top�speed�limitation�is�compared�using�data�from�the�navigation�system,
in�order�to�avoid�incorrect�displays�and�to�display�a�top�speed�limitation�on�unmarked�roads.
If�data�on�the�top�speed�limitations�relating�to�the�current�road�is�stored�in�the�navigation�system,
this�is�used�by�the�KAFAS�control�unit�and�forms�the�basis�of�a�possible�display�for�the�driver.
Traffic�signs�containing�supplementary�information,�e.g.�"In�wet�conditions",�or�symbols�are�also
detected�and�synchronised�with�internal�vehicle�data,�e.g.�the�rain�sensor,�and�displayed�depending�on
the�situation.�The�system�also�takes�the�applicable�time�restrictions�which�have�been�identified,�e.g.
"between�10:00�pm�and�6:00�am"�into�account.�Here�the�current�time�of�the�on-board�clock�and�the
time�from�the�navigation�map�are�used.
At�the�same�time,�the�video�data�from�the�centrally�arranged�KAFAS�camera�which�points�forward�is
also�evaluated�in�the�KAFAS�control�unit.
The�image�data�is�read�by�the�KAFAS�control�unit�and�evaluated�for�traffic�signs�relating�to�speed
limitations�and�withdrawal�of�speed�limitations.
In�the�case�of�concealed�and�non-recognizable�signs�on�the�withdrawal�of�top�speed�limitations,
the�displays�are�cancelled�according�to�the�specified�time�and�distance�parameters.
In�addition�to�image�data,�other�information�from�the�vehicle�electrical�system�is�also�used�in�the
evaluation�and�calculation�for�the�display:
• Time�display�(for�temporal�additional�conditions)
• Status�of�wiper�(for�additional�sign�"In�wet�conditions")
• Turn�indicator�signal�(special�speed�limit,�e.g.�on�motorway�exits)
• Status�of�outside�temperature�sensor�in�"Frost/Snow"
The�basis�of�this�diverse�information�leads�to�relatively�high�precision�of�this�function�in�the�evaluation.

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
3.�Road�Sign�Recognition
10
F48�display�of�road�sign�recognition�in�the�instrument�cluster
Index Explanation
1 Displays�of�road�sign�recognition�during�an�active�navigation�display
2 Displays�in�standard�view
Traffic�signs�for�speed�limits�and�for�no�overtaking,�which�do�not�correspond�to�the�legal�standard,
in�particular�those�without�a�circular�frame,�are�not�always�recognized.�The�same�also�applies�for�traffic
signs�which�are�fully�or�partially�covered�by�labels,�dirt�or�vegetation.
Long�distances�to�the�road�sign,�high�driving�speeds�and�poor�weather�conditions,�particularly�at�night,
make�it�more�difficult�for�the�system�to�recognise�road�signs�reliably.
The�data�from�the�navigation�map�must�be�up-to-date�for�the�correct�display�of�the�current�speed�limit
and�no�overtaking�sign.�If�the�current�location�for�the�navigation�is�not�yet�taken�into�consideration,�for
example�when�driving�in�development�areas,�on�new�roads�or�on�roads�with�modified�road�layout,�a
recognized�traffic�sign�for�speed�limits�or�for�no�overtaking�can�only�be�displayed�for�roughly�the�next
500m.

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
3.�Road�Sign�Recognition
11
3.3.�Limits�of�the�system
Traffic�signs�on�parallel,�forking�or�emerging�roads
Parallel�roads�are�not�recognized�with�the�KAFAS�camera�or�using�the�navigation�map.�Signs�on�these
roads�can�be�recognized�and�displayed�as�speed�limits�or�no�overtaking�for�the�current�road.�Speed
limits�and�no�passing�signs�for�forking�or�emerging�roads�are�generally�also�assumed�and�displayed�for
the�current�road.
Traffic�signs�at�exits
Speed�limits�for�exits�off�highway�with�or�without�an�arrow�as�an�additional�character�are�generally
evaluated�correctly�and�suppressed�in�the�display�if�driven�past.�This�is�only�the�case�if�the�data�on�the
navigation�map�is�up-to-date.
In�the�case�of�sign�gantries�on�the�highway�with�different,�lane-dependent�speed�limits,�the�speed�limit
which�is�closest�to�the�lane�of�the�vehicle�is�displayed.�There�is�no�adaptation�of�the�display�after�a�later
lane�change.
Information�signs�in�the�road�sign�surroundings
Information�signs�with�speed�limits�or�no�overtaking,�such�as�at�border�crossing�points�with
information�on�the�different�legal�speed�limits�for�national�roads�and�highway,�may�be�incorrectly
recognized�as�currently�valid�and�displayed.�The�same�applies�to�information�signs�with�different�color
configurations,�e.g.�for�minimum�or�recommended�speeds.
Stickers�on�vehicles
Labels�with�a�speed�limit�on�vehicles�ahead�or�overtaken,�such�as�trucks,�buses,�trailers�or
construction�machinery,�etc.,�may�be�incorrectly�recognized�as�a�currently�valid�speed�limit�and
displayed.
Town/city�limits
If�the�sign�for�the�entrance�to�a�village/town�is�not�clearly�recognized�(detection�is�only�possible�in
Germany)�and�the�data�from�the�navigation�map�is�not�up-to-date,�the�speed�limit�at�the�entrances
to�and�exits�from�villages/towns�may�be�displayed�incorrectly.
Legal�changes
If�legally�prescribed�maximum�speeds�change,�then�these�are�only�available�after�a�map�data�update.
Up�until�the�update�the�original,�but�no�longer�valid�speed�limits�are�displayed.
General�no�passing�signs
No�overtaking�signs�are�only�displayed�if�these�are�also�signs�posted.�General�no�overtaking,
which�applies�for�example�at�level�crossings�or�is�marked�by�a�white�line�on�the�roadway,�is�not
displayed�without�an�additional�sign.

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
4.�Camera-based�Collision�Warning
12
The�collision�warning�warns�the�driver�of�a�possible�risk�of�collision�and�is�recognized�in�the�F48�using
the�KAFAS�system.�The�camera-based�collision�warning�includes�the�following�functions:
• Collision�warning�with�city�braking�function
• Pedestrian�warning�with�city�braking�function
The�collision�warning�with�city�braking�function�is�already�included�in�the�standard�equipment�of�the
F48.�The�pedestrian�warning�with�city�braking�function�is�an�element�of�the�optional�equipment�Driving
Assistant�(SA�5AS).
The�system�can�warn�the�driver�in�situations�where�a�collision�is�imminent.�The�early�warning,
a�visual�signal,�is�issued�first�to�draw�the�driver's�attention�to�the�situation.�If�the�situation�becomes
more�critical,�an�acute�warning�in�the�form�of�a�visual�and�acoustic�signal�is�issued.�The�nature�of
the�warning�is�such�that�the�driver�can�still�prevent�a�collision�providing�he�acts�quickly.�If�there�is�no
reaction�from�the�driver�after�an�acute�warning,�the�driver�is�supported�with�automatic�braking�of�the
vehicle�(5-85�km/h).
4.1.�Collision�warning�with�city�braking�function
4.1.1.�Functional�principle
The�corresponding�warning�stages�"early�warning"�and�"acute�warning"�are�output�in�critical�situations
on�the�basis�of�the�calculated�positions,�distances�and�relative�speeds�of�other�vehicles.�For�the�early
warning�and�acute�warning,�the�brakes�of�the�vehicle�are�prepared�for�emergency�braking,�depending
on�the�actual�speed,�and�the�activation�thresholds�of�the�brake�assistant�are�reduced.
F48�Detection�range�of�collision�warning�by�KAFAS�camera

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
4.�Camera-based�Collision�Warning
13
4.1.2.�Early�warning
The�early�warning�works�from�a�speed�of�approximately�15�km/h.
The�early�warning�is�issued,�for�example,�if�there�is�a�danger�of�collision�because�the�vehicle�driving
ahead�is�being�driven�at�a�much�slower�speed�and/or�if�the�distance�to�a�vehicle�ahead�is�extremely
short.
The�early�warning�is�indicated�by�a�vehicle�symbol�which�lights�up�red�in�the�instrument�cluster.
The�early�warning�can�be�configured�using�the�controller�("early",�"middle"�or�"late").�The�"late"
setting�corresponds�to�a�deactivated�early�warning,�for�this�reason,�only�the�acute�warning�is�active
for�an�immediate�risk�of�collision�due�to�a�high�differential�speed.
The�collision�warning�is�dependent�on�the�vehicle's�own�driving�speed.�The�distance�measured�for�the
collision�warning�is�significantly�lower�than�the�legally�required�minimum�distance.�It�is�therefore�the
responsibility�of�the�driver�to�adhere�to�the�legal�minimum�distance.
4.1.3.�Acute�warning
The�acute�warning�works�from�a�speed�of�approximately�15�km/h�and�is�issued�by�the�system�as�late
as�possible�and�only�if�there�is�an�imminent�danger�of�a�collision�when�the�vehicle�is�approaching
the�vehicle�driving�ahead�at�a�relatively�high�differential�speed�or�if�there�is�an�imminent�danger�of�a
collision�with�a�pedestrian.�The�time�of�the�acute�warning�is�measured�so�that�a�collision�can�only�be
avoided�by�immediate�emergency�braking�or�by�swerving.�The�acute�warning�can�therefore�not�be
introduced�or�controlled�intentionally.
If�the�vehicle�is,�for�example,�approaching�the�vehicle�driving�ahead�at�very�low�speed,�or�is
approaching�a�person,�an�acute�warning�is�not�issued�even�when�the�distance�is�very�small.
This�intentional�driving�situation�only�triggers�the�early�warning.�This�way�there�are�fewer�meaningless
and�annoying�acute�warnings�issued�by�the�system.
The�acute�warning�cannot�be�deactivated.�The�time�for�the�acute�warning�also�cannot�be�adjusted.
If�the�acute�warning�is�not�to�be�issued,�the�"collision�warning"�front�protective�function�must�be
deactivated.
The�acute�warning�issues�a�prompt�for�intervention�and�is�supported�if�there�is�a�danger�of�collision
by�a�two-stage�intervention.�Brake�preconditioning�is�only�effected�after�the�driver�warning.
The�acute�warning�does�not�relieve�the�driver�of�his�responsibility�to�adapt�the�speed�and�driving�style
to�the�traffic�conditions�and�adhere�to�the�prescribed�safety�distance.

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
4.�Camera-based�Collision�Warning
14
F48�Time�plan�for�the�camera-based�collision�warning
Index Explanation
1 Collision�warning�("early")
2 Collision�warning�("medium")
3 Acute�warning�(acoustic�warning�signal,�brake�system�is
prepared�and�brake�assistant�is�adapted)
4 Braking�at�approximately�4m/s²�is�introduced�(city�braking
function�only�in�the�range�between�5�and�85km/h)
5 Detection�range�of�KAFAS�camera
4.1.4.�Braking�function
The�collision�warning�with�city�braking�function�is�active�from�5-85�km/h.�This�way�the�severity�of
collisions�should�be�reduced�through�automatic�brake�intervention�up�to�85km/h.�With�the�braking
function�an�accident�up�to�approximately�20km/h�differential�speed�can�be�prevented.�In�the�case�of
a�greater�differential�speed�the�accident�severity�can�be�reduced.
If�there�is�still�no�response�from�the�driver�in�this�speed�range�(approximately�5�–�85km/h)�after�an
acute�warning,�the�vehicle�is�decelerated�at�approximately�4m/s².
The�brake�intervention�is�restricted�to�approximately�1.5seconds.�Additional�dangers�for�the�traffic
behind�are�therefore�avoided.
The�brake�intervention�is�only�effected�when�the�Dynamic�Stability�Control�is�switched�on.

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
4.�Camera-based�Collision�Warning
15
Example�of�vehicle�identification�by�KAFAS�camera
Index Explanation
1 Vehicle�in�same�lane
2 Vehicle�in�different�lane
4.2.�Pedestrian�warning�with�city�braking�function
The�system�warns�the�driver�of�possible�collisions�with�pedestrians�in�the�10�and�60km/h�range�and
can�thus�reduce�the�results�of�an�accident�or�prevent�accidents.�In�addition,�braking�is�automatically
introduced.
The�pedestrian�warning�with�city�braking�function�is�based�on�the�collision�warning�with�braking
function.�It�detects�critical�situations�in�which�pedestrians�cross�the�path�of�the�vehicle.�In�the�warning
stage�(acute�warning),�a�pedestrian�symbol�is�displayed�in�the�instrument�cluster�and�an�acoustic
warning�is�also�issued.�The�warning�stage�can�be�switched�on�or�off�using�the�Intelligent�Safety�button.
The�function�is�always�available�upon�an�engine�start.
The�KAFAS�camera�captures�the�scene�in�front�of�the�vehicle�and�detects�pedestrians�in�the�field�of
view�using�machine�vision.�Based�on�the�calculated�positions,�distances�and�the�movement�of�the
detected�pedestrians,�an�acute�warning�is�issued�in�critical�situations�and�the�vehicle�is�decelerated
at�approximately�4�m/s².
The�brake�intervention�is�restricted�to�approximately�1.5seconds.�Additional�dangers�for�the�traffic
behind�are�therefore�avoided.
An�early�warning�is�not�available�for�the�pedestrian�warning�with�city�braking�function.
The�brake�intervention�is�only�performed�when�the�Dynamic�Stability�Control�is�switched�on.

F48�Driver�Assistance�Systems
4.�Camera-based�Collision�Warning
16
Example�of�person�recognition�by�KAFAS�camera
The�warning�zone�for�person�recognition�in�front�of�the�vehicle�is�subdivided�into�two�areas.
The�central�area�(ahead�of�the�vehicle)�and�the�additional�area�(to�the�left�and�right�in�front
of�the�vehicle).
F48�Warning�zone,�person�recognition
Index Explanation
1 Central�area
2 Extended�area
A�collision�is�imminent�if�people�are�located�in�the�central�area.�A�warning�is�only�issued�for�people
located�in�the�extended�area�if�they�are�moving�in�the�direction�of�the�central�area.