Bosch INTEGRUS User manual

Integrus
Language Distribution System
en Installation and Operation manual

Table of Contents | en 3
| |
Table of Contents
1Safety 6
2 About this manual 7
2.1 Purpose 7
2.2 Digital document 7
2.3 Intended audience 7
2.4 Related documentation 7
2.5 Alerts and notice signs 7
3SystemOverview 8
3.1 System Overview 8
3.2 Integrus Transmitters 9
3.3 Audio interface modules 10
3.4 Integrus Radiators 11
3.4.1 Medium and High Power Radiators 11
3.4.2 Low Power Wide Beam Radiator 12
3.5 Integrus Receivers 14
3.6 Receiver Headphones 15
3.7 Integrus Charging Units 15
4 Planning 16
4.1 System technology 16
4.1.1 IR radiation 16
4.1.2 Signal Processing 16
4.1.3 Quality modes 17
4.1.4 Carriers and channels 17
4.2 Aspects of Infra-red distribution systems 18
4.2.1 Directional sensitivity of the receiver 18
4.2.2 The footprint of the radiator 18
4.2.3 Ambient lighting 20
4.2.4 Objects, surfaces and reflections 20
4.2.5 Positioning the radiators 21
4.2.6 Overlapping footprints and multipath effects 23
4.3 Planning an Integrus infra-red radiation system 24
4.3.1 Rectangular footprints 24
4.3.2 Planning radiators 25
4.3.3 Cabling 26
5 Installation 28
5.1 Integrus Transmitters 28
5.2 Audio Interface modules 28
5.3 Upgrading transmitter LBB4502/xx to INT-TX/xx 29
5.3.1 Removing the main PCB and the rear panel 29
5.3.2 Installation of the INTK 31
5.4 Medium and High Power Radiators 33

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5.4.1 Attaching the suspension bracket 33
5.4.2 Mounting on a floor stand 34
5.4.3 Wall mounting 35
5.4.4 Ceiling mounting 36
5.4.5 Mounting on horizontal surfaces 37
5.5 Low Power Wide Beam Radiator 37
5.6 Integrus Charging Units 37
6Connection 39
6.1 Integrus Transmitters 39
6.1.1 Connecting the DCN Next Generation 39
6.1.2 Connecting the DCN system 39
6.1.3 Connecting other external audio sources 40
6.1.4 Connecting an emergency signal 40
6.1.5 Connecting to another transmitter 41
6.2 Integrus Radiators 41
7 Configuration 43
7.1 Using the transmitter menu 43
7.1.1 Overview 43
7.1.2 Navigate through the menu 44
7.1.3 Examples 45
7.2 Setup the transmitter 51
7.2.1 Main menu 51
7.2.2 Set transmission mode 51
7.2.3 Set network mode 52
7.2.4 Set number of channels 52
7.2.5 Set channel quality and assign inputs to channels 53
7.2.6 Set channel names 54
7.2.7 Disable or enable carriers 55
7.2.8 View carrier assignments 55
7.2.9 Configure auxiliary inputs 56
7.2.10 Set sensitivity of the inputs 56
7.2.11 Enable / disable IR-monitoring 57
7.2.12 Enable / disable headphone output 57
7.2.13 Choose transmitter name 57
7.2.14 Reset all options to factory default values 57
7.3 Integrus Radiators 58
7.3.1 Setting the output power selection switch 58
7.3.2 Setting the delay switches 58
7.4 Determining the radiator delay switch positions 58
7.4.1 System with one transmitter 59
7.4.2 System with two or more transmitters in one room 61
7.4.3 Systems with more than 4 carriers and a radiator under a balcony 63
7.5 Testing the coverage area 63
9Operation 68
9.1 Integrus transmitter 68
9.1.1 Start-up 68

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9.1.2 View transmitter status 68
9.1.3 View fault status 68
9.1.4 Set monitoring options 69
9.1.5 View version information 70
9.2 Integrus radiators 70
9.3 Integrus Receivers 70
9.3.1 Normal operation 70
9.3.2 Reception test mode 71
9.4 Integrus Charging Units 72
11 Maintenance 77
11.1 Troubleshooting 77
12 Technical Data 79
12.1 Electrical Data 79
12.1.1 Overall system characteristics 79
12.1.2 Transmitters and Modules 79
12.1.3 Radiators and Accessories 80
12.1.4 Receivers, Battery Packs and Charging Units 80
12.1.5 Cables and connectors 81
12.2 Mechanical Data 82
12.2.1 Transmitters and Modules 82
12.2.2 Radiators and Accessories 82
12.2.3 Receivers, Battery Packs and Charging Units 83
12.3 Ambient Conditions 83
12.3.1 Overall system conditions 83
12.4 Rules and Standards 84
12.4.1 Overall system conformance 84
12.5 Guaranteed rectangular footprints 85
Glossary 80
Index 87

6en | Safety Integrus
IOM-INT | V1.1 | 2010.12 Installation and Operation manual Bosch Security Systems B.V.
1Safety
Prior to installing or operating this product always read the Safety Instructions which are
available as a separate document.

Integrus About this manual | en 7
Bosch Security Systems B.V. Installation and Operation manual IOM-INT | V1.1 | 2010.12
2 About this manual
2.1 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to provide information required for installing, configuring,
operating, maintaining and troubleshooting an Integrus Language Distribution System.
2.2 Digital document
This document is also available as a digital document in the Adobe Portable Document Format
(PDF).
2.3 Intended audience
This document is intended for installers and users of a Integrus Language Distribution System.
2.4 Related documentation
Not applicable.
2.5 Alerts and notice signs
Three types of alerts are used in this manual. The alert type is closely related to the effect that
may be caused if it is not observed. These alerts- from least severe effect to most severe
effect - are:
In this manual a ‘notice’ is used to provide tips, or to give some extra information:
CAUTION!
The equipment or the property can be damaged, or persons can be lightly injured if the alert is
not observed.
WARNING!
The equipment or the property can be seriously damaged, or persons can be severely injured
if the alert is not observed.
DANGER!
Not observing the alert will lead to death or sever injuries.
NOTICE!
Alert containing additional information. Usually, not observing a ‘notice’ does not result in
damage to the equipment or personal injuries.

8en | System Overview Integrus
IOM-INT | V1.1 | 2010.12 Installation and Operation manual Bosch Security Systems B.V.
3 System Overview
3.1 System Overview
Integrus is a system for wireless distribution of audio signals via infra-red radiation. It can be
used in a simultaneous interpretation system for international conferences where multiple
languages are used. To enable all participants to understand the proceedings, interpreters
simultaneously translate the speaker's language as required. These interpretations are
distributed throughout the conference venue, and delegates select the language of their
choice and listen to it through headphones. The Integrus system can also be used for music
distribution (mono as well as stereo).
Figure 3.1 Integrus system overview (with DCN-system as input)
The Integrus Language Distribution System comprises one or more of the following:
Infra-red transmitter
The transmitter is the core of the Integrus system. Four types are available:
– INT-TX04 with inputs for 4 audio channels
– INT-TX08 with inputs for 8 audio channels
– INT-TX16 with inputs for 16 audio channels
– INT-TX32 with inputs for 32 audio channels
The transmitter can be directly connected to the DCN Next Generation conference system
(see section 6).
Interface modules
One of two different interface modules can be mounted in the transmitter housing to connect
the transmitter to a wide range of conference systems:
– LBB 3423/20 Integrus DCN interface module to connect to the Digital Congress Network
(DCN).
– LBB 3222/04 Integrus audio input and interpreters module to connect to analogue
discussion and conference systems (such as CCS 800) or to LBB 3422/20 6-channel
interpreters desks.
Infra-red radiators
Three types of radiators are available:
– LBB 3410/05 low power wide beam radiator for small conference venues
– LBB 4511/00 medium-power radiator for small/ medium conference venues
– LBB 4512/00 high-power radiator for medium/large conference venues
All three types can be switched between full and half power use. They can be mounted on
walls, ceilings or floor stands.
Infra-red receivers
Three multi-channel infra-red receivers are available:

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– LBB 4540/04 for 4 audio channels
– LBB 4550/08 for 8 audio channels
– LBB 4540/32 for 32 audio channels
They can operate with a rechargeable NiMH battery pack or with disposable batteries.
Charging circuitry is incorporated in the receiver.
Charging equipment
Equipment is available for charging and storing 56 infra-red receivers. Two versions are
available:
– LBB 4560/00 charging suitcase for portable systems
– LBB 4560/50 charging cabinet for permanent systems
3.2 Integrus Transmitters
The transmitter is the central element of the Integrus system. It accepts asymmetrical audio
sources from a maximum of 32 external channels (dependent on the transmitter type) and can
be used with the Digital Congress Network (DCN) and DCN Next Generation conference
systems. It can also be used with analogue discussion and interpretation systems (e.g. CCS
800 with up to 12 interpreter desks), or as a stand-alone system distributing external audio
sources.
Transmitter front view
Figure 3.2 Trans mit ter, fro nt view
1Mains on/off switch - After switching the mains on, the transmitter starts up and the
display (3) will light-up.
2Mini IR-radiator - Four IREDs, transmitting the same infra-red signal as the radiator
output. This can be used for monitoring purposes. They can be disabled via the
configuration menu.
3Menu display - A 2x16 character LCD-display gives information about the transmitter
status. It is also used as a an interactive display for configuring the system.
4Menu button - A turn-and-push button to operate the configuration software in
combination with the display (3)
5Monitoring headphone output - A 3.5 mm (0.14 inch) jack socket to connect a
headphone for monitoring purposes. It can be disabled via the configuration menu
32 4 51

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Transmitter rear view
Figure 3.3 Transmitter, rear view
3.3 Audio interface modules
An Integrus DCN interface module is required if the transmitter is to be used with the DCN
Conference System. The module must be mounted inside the transmitter housing (see section
5.2 ).
Figure 3.4 Integrus DCN interface module
1Interface module slot - An optional audio interface module can be mounted in the
transmitter housing. Its connectors are accessible via an opening at the back of the
transmitter.
2Emergency switch connector - A terminal block socket for a single, 'normally open'
switch. When the switch is closed, the audio signal on the Aux-right input is distributed
on all output channels, overriding all other audio inputs. A matching cable connector is
provided. The emergency contact does not function when the network mode of the
transmitter is enabled (see section 7.2.3 ) and it cannot connect to the optical network
(e.g. because the control unit of the DCN Next Generation conference system is
switched off).
3Auxiliary audio inputs - Two female XLR connectors for extra audio inputs. They can be
used to connect auxiliary symmetrical audio signals such as a music installation, the
floor language or emergency messages.
4Audio signal inputs - 4, 8, 16 or 32 cinch plugs to connect external asymmetrical audio
input signals. The number of connectors depends on the transmitter type.
5Earth connection point - Only used for factory testing purposes.
6Radiator signal loop-through input - A HF BNC connector to loop-through the radiator
output of another transmitter.
7Radiator signal outputs - Six HF BNC connectors, used to connect the radiators. Up to
30 radiators can be loop-through connected to each output.
8Optical network connections - Two connections used to connect directly to the DCN
Next Generation conference system with an optical network cable.
9Mains input - Euro mains socket. The transmitter has automatic mains voltage selection.
A mains cable is provided
1 3 5 7 9 1113151719212325272931
024
45 6231
8 1012141618202224262830
Network
12
1 2
697
53
8
4
2 3 3
141 2

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3.4 Integrus Radiators
3.4.1 Medium and High Power Radiators
These units accept the carrier signals generated by the transmitter and emit infra-red
radiation carrying up to 32 audio distribution channels. They are connected to one or more of
the four HF BNC outputs of the IR transmitter. A maximum of 30 radiators can be connected
to each of these outputs by means of loop-through connections.
The LBB 4511/00 has an infra-red output of 16 Wpp, while the LBB 4512/00 has an infra-red
output of 32 Wpp. Both have an automatic mains power voltage selection and are switched on
automatically when the transmitter is switched on.
The attenuation of the signal by the cable is equalized automatically by the radiator. When the
radiator is supplied with power and the transmitter is switched on, the radiator initializes the
equalisation. The red LEDs flash for a brief period of time to indicate that the initialization is
in progress.
When not receiving carrier waves, the radiators switch to standby mode. There is also a
temperature protection mode which automatically switches the radiators from full to half
power or from half power to stand-by if the temperature of the IREDs becomes too high.
Figure 3.5 LBB 4511/00 and LBB4512/00 Radiators (Back view)
1DCN output connector - A 6-pole trunk output female DIN connector for loop-through
interconnection with DCN units.
2DCN input cable - A 2 m (6 ft 6 in) trunk input cable with 6-pole male DIN connector for
loop-through interconnect on with DCN units.
3PCB connector
4Mounting plate
1Mains input - Male Euro mains connector. The radiators have automatic mains voltage
selection.
2IR signal input/loop-through - Two HF BNC connectors for connecting the radiator to
the transmitter and for loop-through connection to other radiators. Automatic cable
termination is achieved by a built-in switch in the BNC connectors.
1
2
3
X10
Output power
Loop - Through inputs
100-240 V
X1
High
Do not
terminate
Low
Delay compensation
4

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IOM-INT | V1.1 | 2010.12 Installation and Operation manual Bosch Security Systems B.V.
Figure 3.6 LBB 4512/00 High Power Radiator (Front view)
3.4.2 Low Power Wide Beam Radiator
This radiator is designed for small or medium-sized conference venues. The radiator has an
infra-red output of 3 Wpp and they have a built-in power supply and are switched on
automatically when the transmitter is switched on. A mains cable is provided. When not
receiving carrier waves, the radiators switch to standby mode. They can be mounted on walls
and ceilings or on a floor stand. Figure 3.7 and Figure 3.8 show front and rear views of the
radiators.
Figure 3.7 LBB 3410/05 Radiator (Front view)
3Output power selection switch - The radiators can be switched between full- and half-
power operation.
4Delay compensation switches - Two 10-position switches to compensate for differences
in cable lengths to the radiators.
5Amber indicator LEDs - Give an indication of the radiator status.
6Red indicator LEDs - Give an indication of the radiator status.
1 21 2

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Figure 3.8 LBB 3410/05 Radiator (Rear view)
The following are found on the radiator printed circuit board: (Figure 3.9):
Figure 3.9 LBB 3410/05 Radiator (PCB)
Radiator status indication
When the radiator is transmitting, the green LED mounted internally on a printed circuit board
illuminates. If there is a failure in the radiator, a red LED illuminates on the printed circuit
board.
Mains voltage selection
Mains voltage selection of 115 V or 230 V is internally selectable. On delivery the radiator is
set for 230 Va.c. operation. To alter the mains voltage selection for the LBB 3410/05
radiators, it is necessary to solder two leads to contacts on the printed circuit board (PCB)
inside the radiator. To locate the PCB, remove the four securing screws at the rear of the
radiator and remove the unit from its housing. Remove the PCB from its mounting by
removing the PCB's six securing screws and the small connector X1 (Figure 3.9). To select 115
V operation, solder two small leads, one connecting X4 to X6 and one connecting X5 to X7.
Then remove the small SMD resistor R3. When this is completed replace fuse F1 (160 mA)
with a fuse rated at 350 mA.
Limitations
– Not more than the first 4 carriers can be transmitted.
– Not more than 100 m cable length from transmitter to last radiator.
– Directly connection of the radiators to the transmitter with equal cable length. In loop-
through connection, the total cable length from the first to the last radiator may not
exceed 5 meters. Reason: there are no facilities on this radiator for compensating the
cable signal delay.
1Male mains connector - for connecting the radiator to the mains supply.
2HF BNC input and output connectors - for connecting the radiator to the transmitter or
for loop-through connection to other radiators.
3Power reduction switch - reduces the output power of the radiator to 1.5 Wpp.
4Radiator mounting bracket.
5Green LED - indicates that the radiator is switched on and is receiving carrier waves
from the transmitter.
6Red LED - indicates that the radiator output is 70% or less of the normal output level.
2
4
1
3
2
6
5

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– Don't use this radiator in combination with LBB 4511/00 and LBB 4512/00 radiators in
one system, as the internal signal delay of these radiators are different.
– No automatic cable termination: the termination plug has to be connected to the last
radiator in a trunk.
– No communication of the radiator status to the transmitter.
– Using this radiator at 105 to 125 V requires internal adjustments.
3.5 Integrus Receivers
LBB 4540 receivers are available for 4, 8 or 32 channels. They can operate with a rechargeable
NiMH battery pack or with disposable batteries and have controls for channel selection,
volume adjustment and an on/off push button. All receivers have a 3.5 mm (0.14 inch) stereo
jack output socket for mono or stereo headphones.
An LCD display shows the channel number and indicators for signal reception and low battery
power.
Charging circuitry is included in the receiver.
Figure 3.10 Receiver, front view and back view with open battery compartment
1Charging indicator LED - Used in combination with the charging equipment.
2Headphone connector - A 3.5 mm (0.14 inch) stereo jack output socket for the
headphone, with integrated Stand-by/Off-switch.
3LCD Display - A two digit display showing the selected channel. An antenna symbol is
visible when the receiver picks up an infra red signal of adequate quality. A battery
symbol is visible when the battery pack or the batteries are almost empty.
4Volume control - A slider to adjust the volume.
5Channel selector - An up/down switch to select an audio channel. The channel number
is shown on the LCD display.
6On/Off button - When a headphone is connected, the receiver switches to Stand-by
state. Pressing the On/Off button switches the receiver from Stand-by to On. To switch
back to Stand-by, press and hold the button for approx. 2 seconds. When the
headphone is removed, the receiver switches automatically to the Off-state.
7Battery pack connector - This connection is used to connect the battery pack to the
receiver. Charging is automatically disabled when this connector is not used.
2
1
4
3
5
8
7
9
6

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3.6 Receiver Headphones
The headphones connect with the receivers via a 3.5 mm (0.14 inch) stereo jack connector.
Suitable headphone types are:
– LBB 3441/10 Under the chin stereo headphones
– LBB 3442/00 Single earphone (mono)
– LBB 3443/00 Stereo headphones (recommended)
– Or any other compatible type (see chapter 7, Technical Data)
3.7 Integrus Charging Units
The charging units can recharge up to 56 receivers at once. The charging unit contains the
power supply with automatic mains voltage selection. The charging electronics and a charging
indicator LED are included in each receiver. The charging circuitry checks if a battery pack is
present and controls the charging process.
Two versions are available, which are functionally identical:
– LBB 4560/00 Charging suitcase for portable systems.
– LBB 4560/50 Charging cabinet for permanent systems. Suitable for either table-top or
wall-mounted use.
Figure 3.11 LBB 4560 Charging unit
8Charging contacts - Used in combination with the charging equipment to recharge the
battery pack (if used)
9Battery pack or disposable batteries - Either a rechargeable NiMH battery pack (LBB
4550/00) or two disposable AA-size 1.5 V batteries.
1Mains input - Male Euro mains socket. The charging unit has automatic mains voltage
selection. A mains cable is provided.
2Mains on/off switch
3Receiver positions - One charging unit can charge up to 56 receivers simultaneously.
1
2
3

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4 Planning
4.1 System technology
4.1.1 IR radiation
The Integrus system is based on transmission by modulated infra-red radiation. Infra-red
radiation forms part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which is composed of visible light,
radio waves and other types of radiation. It has a wavelength just above that of visible light.
Like visible light, it is reflected from hard surfaces, yet passes through translucent materials
such as glass. The infra-red radiation spectrum in relation to other relevant spectra is shown
in Figure 4.1.
Figure 4.1 Infra-red radiation spectrum in relation to other spectra
4.1.2 Signal Processing
The Integrus system uses high frequency carrier signals (typically 2-8 MHz) to prevent
interference problems with modern light sources (see section 4.2.2 ). The digital audio
processing guarantees a constant high audio quality.
The signal processing in the transmitter consists of the following main steps (see Figure 4.2):
1. A/D conversion - Each analogue audio channel is converted to a digital signal.
2. Compression - The digital signals are compressed to increase the amount of information
that can be distributed on each carrier. The compression factor is also related to the
required audio quality.
3. Protocol Creation - Groups of up to four digital signals are combined into a digital
information stream. Extra fault algorithm information is added. This information is used
by the receivers for fault detection and correction.
4. Modulation - A high frequency carrier signal is phase-modulated with the digital
information stream.
1Daylight spectrum
2Sensitivity of the human eye
3IR radiator
4Sensitivity of IR sensor
5Sensitivity of IR sensor with daylight filter
100
75
1
4
2
50
25
0
400 500 600 700 800
53
900 1000 nm
%

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5. Radiation - Up to 8 modulated carrier signals are combined and sent to the IR radiators,
which convert the carrier signals to modulated infra-red light.
In the IR receivers a reverse processing is used to convert the modulated infra-red light to
separate analogue audio channels.
Figure 4.2 Overview of the signal processing (for one carrier)
4.1.3 Quality modes
The Integrus system can transmit audio in four different quality modes:
– Mono, standard quality, maximum 32 channels
– Mono, premium quality, maximum 16 channels
– Stereo, standard quality, maximum 16 channels
– Stereo, premium quality, maximum 8 channels
The standard quality mode uses less bandwidth and can be used for transmitting speech. For
music the premium quality mode gives near CD quality.
4.1.4 Carriers and channels
The Integrus system can transmit up to 8 different carrier signals (depending on the
transmitter type). Each carrier can contain up to 4 different audio channels. The maximum
number of channels per carrier is dependent on the selected quality modes. Stereo signals
use twice as much bandwidth as a mono signals, premium quality uses twice as much
bandwidth as standard quality.
Per carrier a mix of channels with different quality modes is possible, as long as the total
available bandwidth is not exceeded. The table below lists all possible channel combinations
per carrier:
A/D Conversion
& Compression
A/D Conversion
& Compression
Audio
Channel
Audio
Channel
Protocol Creation
& Modulation
4x Carrier (to IR Radiators)
4x
Channel quality
Mono
Standard
Mono
Premium
Stereo
Standard
Stereo
Premium
Bandwidth
Possible
number
of
channels
per
carrier
4 4 x 10 kHz
2 1 2 x 10 kHz and 1 x 20 kHz
2 1 2 x 10 kHz and 1 x 10 kHz (left)
and 1 x 10 kHz (right)
1 1 1 x 20 kHz and 1 x 10 kHz (left)
and 1 x 10 kHz (right)
2 2 x 10 kHz (left) and 2 x 10 kHz
(right)
2 2 x 20 kHz
1 1 x 20 kHz (left) and 1 x 20 kHz
(right)

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4.2 Aspects of Infra-red distribution systems
A good infra-red distribution system ensures that all delegates in a conference venue receive
the distributed signals without disturbance. This is achieved by using enough radiators,
placed at well planned positions, so that the conference venue is covered with uniform IR-
radiation of adequate strength. There are several aspects that influence the uniformity and
quality of the infra-red signal, which must be considered when planning an infra-red radiation
distribution system. These are discussed in the next sections.
4.2.1 Directional sensitivity of the receiver
The sensitivity of a receiver is at its best when it is aimed directly towards a radiator. The axis
of maximum sensitivity is tilted upwards at an angle of 45 degrees (see Figure 4.3). Rotating
the receiver will decrease the sensitivity. For rotations of less than +/- 45 degrees this effect is
not large, but for larger rotations the sensitivity will decrease rapidly.
Figure 4.3 Directional characteristics of the receivers
4.2.2 The footprint of the radiator
The coverage area of a radiator depends on the number of transmitted carriers and the output
power of the radiator. The coverage area of the LBB 4512/00 radiator is twice as large as the
coverage area of the LBB 4511/00. The coverage area can also be doubled by mounting two
radiators side by side. The total radiation energy of a radiator is distributed over the
transmitted carriers. When more carriers are used, the coverage area gets proportionally
smaller. The receiver requires a strength of the IR signal of 4 mW/m2 per carrier to work
without errors (resulting in a 80 dB S/N ratio for the audio channels). The effect of the
number of carriers on the coverage area can be seen in Figure 4.4 and Figure 4.5. The
radiation pattern is the area within which the radiation intensity is at least the minimum
required signal strength.
45
45
90

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Figure 4.4 Total coverage area of LBB 3410/05, LBB 4511/00 and LBB 4512/00 for 1 to 8 carriers
Figure 4.5 Polar diagram of the radiation pattern for 1, 2, 4 and 8 carriers
The cross section of the 3-dimensional radiation pattern with the floor of the conference
venue is known as the footprint (the white area in Figure 4.6, Figure 4.7 and Figure 4.8). This is
the floor area in which the direct signal is strong enough to ensure proper reception, when
the receiver is directed towards the radiator. As shown, the size and position of the footprint
depends on the mounting height and angle of the radiator.
Figure 4.6 The radiator mounted at 15° to the ceiling
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
12345678
LBB 4511/00
m
2
LBB 4512/00
1
8
2
4

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Figure 4.7 The radiator mounted at 45° to the ceiling
Figure 4.8 The radiator mounted perpendicular (at 90°) to the ceiling
4.2.3 Ambient lighting
The Integrus system is practically immune for the effect of ambient lighting. Fluorescent
lamps (with or without electronic ballast or dimming facility), such as TL lamps or energy
saving lamps give no problems with the Integrus system. Also sunlight and artificial lighting
with incandescent or halogen lamps up to 1000 lux give no problems with the Integrus
system. When high levels of artificial lighting with incandescent or halogen lamps, such as
spotlights or stage lighting are applied, you should directly point a radiator at the receivers in
order to ensure reliable transmission. For venues containing large, unscreened windows, you
must plan on using additional radiators. For events taking place in the open air a site test will
be required in order to determine the required amount of radiators. With sufficient radiators
installed, the receivers will work without errors, even in bright sunlight.
4.2.4 Objects, surfaces and reflections
The presence of objects in a conference venue can influence the distribution of infra-red light.
The texture and color of the objects, walls and ceilings also plays an important role. Infra-red
radiation is reflected from almost all surfaces. As is the case with visible light, smooth, bright
or shiny surfaces reflect well. Dark or rough surfaces absorb large proportions of the infra-red
signal (see Figure 4.9). With few exceptions it cannot pass through materials that are opaque
to visible light.