Gaspardo Monica User manual

*)
*) Valido per Paesi UE
*) Valid for EU member countries
*) Valable dans les Pays UE
*) Gilt für EU-Mitgliedsländer
*) Válido para Países UE
MONICA
Cod. G19502563 2012-11
USO E MANUTENZIONE
USE AND MAINTENANCE
GEBRAUCH UND WARTUNG
EMPLOI ET ENTRETIEN
EMPLEO Y MANTENIMIENTO
IT
EN
DE
FR
ES
MASCHIO GASPARDO S.p.A.

ITALIANO ENGLISH DEUTSCH
INDICE INDEX INHALT
cod. G19502563
2
1.0 Premessa 5
1.1 Garanzia 5
1.1.1 Scandenza garanzia 5
1.2 Descrizione della seminatrice 5
1.3 Dati tecnici 6
1.4 Identificazione 6
1.5 Movimentazione 7
1.6 Disegno complessivo 8
1.7 Segnali di sicurezza 9
1.7.1 Segnali di avvertenza 9
1.7.2 Segnali di pericolo 9
1.7.3 Segnali di indicazione 9
2.0 Norme di sicurezza e
prevenzione infortuni 10
3.0 Norme d'uso 13
3.1 Applicazione al trattore 13
3.1.1 Aggancio 13
3.1 .2 Sgancio della seminatrice dalla
trattrice 14
3.2 Adattamento albero cardanico 14
3.3 Stabilità in trasporto
seminatrice trattore 15
3.4 Telaio telescopico 16
3.4.1 Descrizione del funzionamento 16
3.5 Determinazione dell’interfila 17
3.6 Selezione del seme 20
3.6.1 Distributore semi 20
3.6.2 Aspiratore 20
3.6.3 Regolazioni per la distribuzione 21
3.7 Deposizione del seme 26
3.7.1 Elemento seminatore 26
3.7.2 Ruote posteriori di copertura 26
3.7.3 Spartizolle anteriore 26
3.7.4 Esclusione del seminatore 27
3.7.5 Trasmissione seminatore 27
3.8 Segnafile 28
3.8.1 Regolazione dischi marcafile 29
3.9 Distribuzione dei prodotti chimici 30
4.0 Operazioni per la messa in servizio
della macchina 34
4.1 A macchina nuova 34
4.2 Verifica e manutenzione preventiva34
4.3 Collegamento alla trattrice 34
4.4 Preparativi per la semina 34
4.5 Distribuzione di prodotti chimici 34
4.6 Durante la semina 35
4.7 Fine lavoro 35
4.8 Messa a riposo giornaliero 35
5.0 Manutenzione 36
5.0.1 A macchina nuova 36
5.0.2 A inizio stagione di semina 36
5.0.3 Ogni 8 ore lavorative 36
5.0.4 Ogni 50 ore lavorative 36
5.0.5 Ogni 6 mesi 36
5.0.6 Periodicamente 36
5.0.7 Ogni 5 anni 36
5.0.8 Ogni 400 ore 36
5.0.9 Messa a riposo 36
6.0 Demolizione e smaltimento 39
Dichiarazione di conformità 184-185
1.0 Introduction 41
1.1 Guarantee 41
1.1.1 Expiry of guarantee 41
1.2 Description of the seeder 41
1.3 Technical data 42
1.4 Identification 42
1.5 Handling 43
1.6 Assembly drawing 44
1.7 Warning signs 45
1.7.1 Warning signs 45
1.7.2 Danger signals 45
1.7.3 Indicator signals 45
2.0 Safety regulations and
accident prevention 46
3.0 Instructions for use 49
3.1 Attachment to the tractor 49
3.1.1 Hooking 49
3.1.2 Unhooking the seed drill from the
tractor 50
3.2 Adapting the cardan shaft 50
3.3 Stability of planting unit and tractor
during transport 51
3.4 Telescopic frame 52
3.4.1 Description of functioning 52
3.5 Determination of the row distance 53
3.6 Seed selection 56
3.6.1 Seed distributor 56
3.6.2 Vacuum pump 57
3.6.3 Distribution adjustment 58
3.7 Deposition of the seed 62
3.7.1 Plantingunit 62
3.7.2 Rear covering wheels 62
3.7.3 Front clod clearer 62
3.7.4 Planting unit exclusion 63
3.7.5 Planting unit transmission 63
3.8 Row marker 64
3.8.1 Row marker disk adjustment 65
3.9 Chemical products distribution 66
4.0 Operations for putting the
machine into service 70
4.1 When the machine is new 70
4.2 Checks and preventative
maintenance 70
4.3 Attachment the tractor 70
4.4 Preparing for seeding 70
4.5 Distribution of chemical products 70
4.6 During seeding 71
4.7 The end of operation 71
4.8 Daily rest period 71
5.0 Maintenance 72
5.0.1 When the machine is new 72
5.0.2 At the beginning of the seeding
season 72
5.0.3 Every 8 hours of operation 72
5.0.4 Every fifty hours of operation 72
5.0.5 Every six months 72
5.0.6 Periodically 72
5.0.7 Every five years 72
5.0.8 Every 400 working hours 72
5.0.9 Rest periods 72
5.0 Demolition and disposal 75
Conformity declaration 184-185
1.0 Vorwort 77
1.1 Garantie 77
1.1.1 Verfall des Garantieanspruchs 77
1.2 Beschreibung der Sämaschine 77
1.3 Technische Daten 78
1.4 Identifizierung 78
1.5 Transport 79
1.6 Gesamtzeichnung 80
1.7 Warnsignale 81
1.7.1 Warnsignale 81
1.7.2 Gefahrsignale 81
1.7.3 Anzeigesignale 81
2.0 Sicherheits und
Unfallverhütungsvorschriften 82
3.0 Betribsanleitungen 85
3.1 Ankuppeln an den Schlepper 85
3.1.1 Ankuppeln 85
3.1.2 Abkuppeln der Säemaschine vom
Schlepper 86
3.2 Anpassen der Kardanwelle 86
3.3 Stabilität von sämaschine
schlepper beim transport 87
3.4 Teleskoprahmen 88
3.4.1 Betriebsbeschreibung 88
3.5 Einstellen des Reihenabstands 89
3.6 Saatzucht 92
3.6.1 Säapparat 92
3.6.2 Vakuumpumpe 93
3.6.3 Einstellung des Aussaat 94
3.7 Positionierungsaat 98
3.7.1 Sähreihe 98
3.7.2 Hintere Zustreichräder 98
3.7.3 Vorderer Klutenräumer 98
3.7.4 Ausschluss des Säelements 99
3.7.5 Säelementantriebskasten 99
3.8 Spurmarkierer 100
3.8.1 Einstellung der
Spurmarkiererscheiben 101
3.9 Verteilung der Chemischen
Produkte 102
4.0 Inbetriebsetzung der Maschine 106
4.1 A neue Maschine 106
4.2 Vorbeugende Kontrollen und Wartung 106
4.3 Einbau am Schlepper 106
4.4 Vorbereitungen Für die Aussaat 106
4.5 Verteilung der Chemischen Produkte 106
4.6 Während der Aussaat 107
4.7 Am ende der Aussaat 107
4.8 Parken des Geräts bei Arbeitsende107
5.0 Wartung 108
5.0.1 A neue Maschine 108
5.0.2 Bei beginn der Aussaatsaison 108
5.0.3 Alle 8 bBetriebsstunden 108
5.0.4 Alle 50 Betriebsstunden 108
5.0.5 Alle 6 monate 108
5.0.6 Regelmässige Kontrollen 108
5.0.7 Alle 5 Jahre 108
5.0.8 Alle 400 arbeitsstunden 108
5.0.9 Ruheperioden 108
6.0 Zerlegen und Entsorgen der
Maschine 111
Konformitätsenklärung 184-185

FRANÇAIS ESPAÑOL
TABLES DE MATIERES INDICE
3
cod. G19502563
1.0 Premisa 149
1.1 Garantía 149
1.1.1 Vencimiento de la garantía 149
1.2 Descripción de la sembradora 149
1.3 Datos técnicos 150
1.4 Identificacíon 150
1.5 Desplazamiento 151
1.6 Diseño general 152
1.7 Señales de advertencia 153
1.7.1 Señales de advertencia 153
1.7.2 Señales de peligro 153
1.7.3 Señales de identicacion 153
2.0 Normas de seguridad y
prevención contra accidentes 154
3.0 Norme d'uso 157
3.1 Aplicación al tractor 157
3.1.1 Enganche 157
3.1.2 Desganche de la sembradora
del tractor 158
3.2 Adaptación del árbol cardán 158
3.3 Estabilidad durante el transporte
de la sembradora-tractor 159
3.4 Bastidor Telescópico 160
3.4.1 Descripción del funcionamiento 160
3.5 Determinación de la distancia
entre hileras 161
3.6 Selección de la semilla 164
3.6.1 Distribuidor de semillas 164
3.6.2 Bomba de vacío 165
3.6.3 Regulaciónes para la distribución 166
3.7 Deposición de la semilla 170
3.7.1 Elemento sembrador 170
3.7.2 Ruedas traseras de cobertura 170
3.7.3 Divisor de terrones delantero 170
3.7.4 Exclusión sembrador 171
3.7.5 Caja de transmisión del sembrador171
3.8 Marcadores de hileras 172
3.8.1 Regulación de los discos
marcadores de hileras 173
3.9 Distribución de los productos
químicos 174
4.0 Operaciones para la puesta en
servicio de la máquina 178
4.1 A cuando la máquina está nueva 178
4.2 Control y mantenimiento preventivo 178
4.3 Aplicación al tractor 178
4.4 Preparaciones para la siembra 178
4.5 Distribución de los productos quimicos178
4.6 Durante la siembra 179
4.7 Final del trabajo 179
4.8 Descanso diario 179
5.0 Mantenimiento 180
5.0.1 A cuando la máquina está nueva 180
5.0.2 Al inicio de la estación de siembra 180
5.0.3 Cada 8 horas de trabajo 180
5.0.4 Cada 50 horas de trabajo 180
5.0.5 Cada 6 meses 180
5.0.6 Periódicamente 180
5.0.7 Cada 5 años 180
5.0.8 Cada 400 horas de trabajo 180
5.0.9 Puesta en reposo 180
5.0 Desguace y eliminación 183
Declaración de conformidad 184-185
1.0 Introduction 113
1.1 Garantie 113
1.1.1 Expiration de la garantie 113
1.2 Description du semoir 113
1.3 Donnees techniques 114
1.4 Identification 114
1.5 Manutention 115
1.6 Dessin global 116
1.7 signaux d'avertissement 117
2.1.1 Signaux de recommandation 117
2.1.2 Signaux de danger 117
2.1.3 Signaux de indication 117
2.0 Normes de securité et de
prevention des accidents 118
3.0 Instructions pour l'utilisation 121
3.1 Attelage au tracteur 121
3.1.1 Accrochage 121
3.1.2 Decrochage de element semeur
du tracteur 122
3.2 Adaptation arbre à cardans 122
3.3 Stabilite pendant le transport
semoir-tracteur 123
3.4 Chassis telescopique 124
3.4.1 Description du functionnement 124
3.5 Determination de l'ecartement 125
3.6 Selection de graines 128
3.6.1 Distributeur de graines 128
3.6.2 Depresseur 129
3.6.3 Reglage pour la distribution 130
3.7 Positinnement de graines 134
3.7.1 Elément semeur 134
3.7.2 Roues de recouvrement arrières 134
3.7.3 Diviseur de mottes avant 134
3.7.4 Exclusion du semoir 135
3.7.5 Boite de transmission semoir 135
3.8 Disque a tracer 136
3.8.1 Réglage des disques a tracer 137
3.9 Distribution des produits chimiques 138
4.0 Opérations pour la mise en
service de la machine 142
4.1 Quand la machine est neuve 142
4.2 Contrôle et entretien préventif 142
4.3 Attelage au tracteur 142
4.4 Preparatifs pour l’ensemencement 142
4.5 Distribution des produits chimiques 142
4.6 Endant l’ensemencement 143
4.7 Fin de travail 143
4.8 Mise au repos quotidien 143
5.0 Entretien 144
5.0.1 Quand la machine est neuve 144
5.0.2 Debut saison d’ensemencement 144
5.0.3 Toutes les 8 heures de travail 144
5.0.4 Toutes les 50 heures de travail 144
5.0.5 Tous les six mois 144
5.0.6 Régulièrement 144
5.0.7 Tous les cinq ans 144
5.0.8 Toutes les 400 heures de tra vail 144
5.0.9 Remissage 144
6.0 Demantelement et elimination 147
Confotmity declaratione 184-185

cod. G19502563
4

ENGLISH
41
cod. G19502563
1.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE SEEDER
The "MONICA" precision planting unit is a machine that is
particularly suitable for precision seed planting, for multiple uses
and with any type of seed on soil that has been tilled and prepared
by conventional methods or partially tilled with crop residues
present.
The planting unit is pneumatically operated and can also be
used for soil fertilization and parasite prevention treatment.
This agricultural equipment, can only operate by means of a
Cardan shaft applied to the power take-off of an agricultural tractor
equipped with a lifting unit, with a three-point univer-sal joint.
The "MONICA" series planting unit is currently made in several
versions, each with a basic frame onto which are attached the
required seeding elements equipped with microgranulator and/
or fertilizer spreader units.
There are, more-over, various types of electronic instruments for
seeding control and for the calculating the area seeded (Ha).
CAUTION
The seeder has been designed exclusively for seeding in the
ground. The recommended working speed is 6÷8 km/h. The
planting unit must only be transported by road with the tanks
and hoppers empty and at max speed of 25 km/h. Any use
other than that described in these instructions could damage
the machine and be extremely dangerous for the user.
Good performance depends on the correct use and proper main-
tenance of the equipment. It is advisable there-fore scrupulously
to observe theinstructions provided in this manual order to prevent
the emergence of problems which could jeopardize the
machine's lifespan or its performance. All the information required
for using the machine in the best way and instructions and advice
for its correct maintenance are also supplied. It is also important
to ahdere to what is described in this manual since the
Manufacturer declines all responsibility for consequences
arising due to negligence and non-observance of these rules.
The Manufacturer is, of course, avail-able to assure immediate
and thor-ough technical assistance and all that may be necessary
to ensure that the equipment operates well, giving first class
performance.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This booklet describes the regulations for use, maintenance for
seeding machine. This manual is an integral part of the product,
and must be kept in a safe place for consultation throughout the
life of the machine.
ATTENTION
•The Manufacturer reserves the right to change the machine
without having to promptly update this manual. In the event
of disputes, the valid version is the Italian text
• The machine was manufactured for dosing and distributing
commercial seeds of standard quality.
• The machine was designed for professional skilled operators
who are the only ones qualified for operating it.
• Minors, illiterates and persons under altered physical or
psychological conditions must not be allowed to operate the
machine.
• Operators who do not have a suitable driving license, or who
are not properly informed and trained, must not be allowed to
operate the machine.
• The operator must check that the machine operates correctly,
and must replace and repair parts subject to wear that may
cause damage.
• The customer should instruct personnel on accident risks, on
the operator safety devices provided, on noise emission risks
and on general accident prevention regulations provided for by
the international directives and by the law in the country in which
the machines are used.
• In any case, the machine should be used exclusively by skilled
operators who will be held to follow scrupulously the technical
and accident-prevention instructions in this manual.
• It is the user's responsibility to check that the machine is
operated only in optimum conditions of safety for people,
animals and property.
1.1 GUARANTEE
The guarantee is valid for a year, against all defects of material,
from the date of delivery of the equipment.
On delivery, check that the equipment has not been damaged
during transport and that the accessories are integral and com-
plete. POSSIBLE CLAIMS MUST BE PRESENTED IN WRITING
WITHIN EIGHT DAYS OF RECEIPT.
The purchaser will enforce his rights on the guarantee only when
he has respected the conditions concerning the benefit of the
guarantee, set out in the supply contract.
1.1.1 EXPIRY OF GUARANTEE
Besides what has already been set out in the supply contract,
the guarantee expires:
- If the limits set out in the technical data table are overshot.
- If the instructions set out in this booklet have not been carefully
followed.
- If the equipment is used badly, defective maintenance or other
errors by the client.
- If modifications have been carried out without written
authorization of the manufacturer and if non original spare parts
have been used.

USEAND MAINTENANCE
ENGLISH
cod. G19502563
42
1.4 IDENTIFICATION
Each individual machine has an identification plate (Fig. 1)
indicating the following details:
1) Mark and address of the Manufacturer;
2) Type and model of machine;
3) Unloaded mass, in Kilograms;
4) Mass full load, in Kilograms;
5) Registration of the machine;
6) Year of manufacture;
7) CE mark.
You are advised to note down your data on the form below, along
with the date of purchase (8) and the dealer’s name (9).
8) ____________________
9) ____________________
This information must always be quoted whenever assistance
or spare parts are needed.
1.3 TECHNICAL DATA
U.M. MONICA 250
Max row number [nr.] 66/ 7
Row distance [cm] 45-50-60-70-75 70-75 / 45-50
Toolbar width [m] 4,00 4,00
Toolbar width (closed) [m] 2,55 2,55
Seed hopper capacity [l] 36 36
Fertilizer hopper capacity [l] 850 850
PTO (rpm) [g.p.m.] 540 540
Weight (*) [kg] 1620 1720
Tyres [Type] 22x11.00-10
Tyre inflation pressure [bar-(Psi)] 2,4 - (34.8)
Working speed (max) [Km/h] 6÷8
No-load noise detection (**) [dB] (LWA= 112,7) - (LpA= 91,7)
REQUIRED TRACTOR CHARACTERISTICS
Power required [HP-(kw)]90(66) 90÷100 (66÷74)
Three- point universal joint [nr.] II
Battery voltage [V] 12
Tractor hydraulic distributors (min.) [nr.] 2
Tractor pump pressure (max) [bar] 180
(*) With fertilizer and microgranulator.
(**) LWA = Acoustic power level uttered by machine (Weighed A);
LpA = Continuous equivalent acoustic radiation pressure level (Weighed A) in the “worker’s position”.
The technical data and the models provided must be considered as non binding.
We reserve the right to change them without notice.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(4)
(6)
fig. 1
(7)

USEAND MAINTENANCE ENGLISH
43
cod. G19502563
1.5 HANDLING
ATTENTION
The Customer must apply the rules envisaged in the European Directives EEC 391/89 and 269/90 and subsequent modifications
on the possible risks for loading and unloading operators caused by manual handling of loads.
During handling operations wear suitable personal protection equipment:
Overalls Gloves Shoes Hardhat
If the machine has to be handled, it should be lifted by hooking cloth ropes to the attachment points provided and using a suitable
hoist or crane with sufficient capacity (Fig. 2). Because of the danger involved, this operation should be carried out by trained and
responsible personnel. The mass of the machine is on the identification Plate (Fig. 1). Stretch the rope to keep the machine level.
The hook points can be detected by finding the “hook” symbol (13, Fig. 4). Hook up at points: A, B and C.
ATTENTION
•Packaging materials (pallets, cartons, etc.) must be disposed of as prescribed by the existing regulations through authorised
disposal companies.
• Parts making up the machine must not be lifted by hooking them up from moving or weak parts such as guards, electrical
runways, pneumatic parts, etc.
• Standing under suspended loads is not allowed; unauthorised personnel are not allowed access to the work sites; it is
mandatory to wear overalls, safety footwear, gloves and a hardhat.
C
B
B C
A
BC
fig. 2
A

USEAND MAINTENANCE
ENGLISH
cod. G19502563
44
1.6 ASSEMBLY DRAWING (fig. 3)
1 Seed distributors;
2 Fertilizer distributor hopper;
3 Vacum pump;
4 Vacum gauge;
5 Air distributor;
6 Seed hopper;
7 Seed-planting depth adjuster;
8 Press wheels;
9 Drive wheel for seed distributorsr;
10 Drive wheel for fertilizer speader;
11 Disc-type planter shoe part of planting unit;
12 Universal joint for planting unit drive;
13 Depht wheels;
14 Load bearing structure;
15 Identification plate;
16 Fertilizer distribution adjuster (Minimax);
17 Row marker control;
18 Power take-off;
19 Cardan shaft support;
20 Sod breaker;
21 Row marker.
8
6
15
432
14
16
18 19
21
12
9
6
1
7
20 11 13 8
17
5
10
fig. 3

USEAND MAINTENANCE ENGLISH
45
cod. G19502563
1.7 WARNING SIGNS
The signs described in Fig. 4 are reproduced on the machine.
keep them clean and replace them if they should come off or
become illegible. Carefully read each description and learn their
meanings by heart.
2.1.1 WARNING SIGNALS
1) Before operating, carefully read the instruction booklet.
2) Before carrying out maintenance, stop the machine and
consult the instruction booklet.
2.1.2 DANGER SIGNALS
3 Risk of inhaling harmful sub- stances. Wear a dust mask
4) Danger of getting squashed during opening. Keep at a safe
distance from the machine.
5) Danger of getting hooked by the Cardan shaft. Keep away
from moving parts.
6) Danger of getting trapped. Keep away from moving parts.
7) Danger of getting squashed during closure. Keep at a safe
distance from the machine.
8) When using anticryptogamic chemicals, use adequate
protection.
9) High noise level. Use adequate acoustic protection.
10) Pipes with high pressure fluids. Take care if flexible pipes
break as oil could spurt. Read the instruction manual.
11) Before engaging the pto, check that the rpm rate is that
prescribed. Never exchange the 540 rpm rate for 1000 rpm.
2.1.3 INDICATOR SIGNALS
12) Wear safety clothing.
13) Signs the hooking points for lifting.
14) Greasing point.
2
7
51
6
9
8
15
13
4
4
10
11
12
3
14
13
14
7
7
fig. 4

USEAND MAINTENANCE
ENGLISH
cod. G19502563
46
2.0 SAFETY REGULATIONS AND ACCIDENT
PREVENTION
Pay careful attention to the danger signs shown in this manual.
There are three levels of danger signs:
DANGER. This sign warns that the operations described will cause
serious injury, death or long term health risks, if they are not
carried out cor-rectly.
WARNING. This sign warns that to operations described could
cause serious injury, death or long term health risks, if they are
not carried out correctly.
CAUTION. This sign warns that the operations described could
cause serious damage to the machine, if they are not carried out
correctly.
Carefully read all the instructions provided before using the
machine; if in doubt, contact the technical staff of the
Manufacturer's dealer. The manufacturer declines all
responsibility for con sequences resulting from the non
observance of the safety and accident prevention regulations
described below.
General norms
1) Pay close attention to the danger signs in this manual and
onthe seeder.
2) The labels with the instructions attached to the machine give
abbreviated advice for avoiding accidents.
3) Scrupulously observe, with the help of the instructions, the
safety and accident prevention regu-lations.
4) Avoid touching the moving parts in any way whatsoever.
5) Any work on and adjustment to the machine must always be
done with the engine switched off and the tractor blocked.
6) People or animals must not, under any circumstances be
transported on the equipment.
7) It is strictly prohibited to drive the tractor, or allow it to be
driven, with the equipment attached by persons not in
possession of a driverís license, inexpert or in poor conditions
of health.
8) Before starting the tractor and the equipment, check that all
safety devices for transport and use are in perfect working
order.
9) Before starting up the equipment, check the area surrounding
the machine to ensure that there are no people, especially
hildren or pets, nearby, and ensure that you have excellent
visibility.
10) Use suitable clothing. Avoid loose clothing or garments with
parts that could in any way get caught in the rotating or moving
parts of the machine.
11) Before starting work, familiarize yourself with the control
devices and their functions.
12) Only start working with the equipment if all the protective
devices are in perfect condition, installed and in the safe
position.
13) It is absolutely prohibited to stand within the machine's radius
of action where there are moving parts.
14) It is absolutely forbidden to use the equipment without the
guards and container covers.
15) Before leaving the tractor, lower the equipment hooked to the
lifting unit, stop the engine, pull the hand brake and remove
the key from the dashboard, make sure that the chemical
substances safely out of reach.
16) The driverís seat must never be left when the tractor engine
is running.
17) Before starting the equipment, check that the supporting feet
have been removed from under the seeder; check that
the seeder has been correctly assembled and regulated;
check that the machine is in perfect working order, and that
all the parts subject to wear and tear are in good condition.
18) Before releasing the equipment from the third point
attachment, put the hoist command lever into the locked
position and lower the support feet.
19) Only operate when visibility is good.
20) All operations must be carried out by expert personnel,
equipped with protective gloves, in a clean and dust-free
environment.
Tractor hitch
21) Hook the equipment to a suit-able, sufficiently-powered tractor
by means of the appropriate device (lifter), in conformity with
applicable standards.
22) The class of the equipment attachment pins must be the
same as that of the lifter attach-ment.
23) Take care when working within the range of the lifting arms
as this is a very dangerous area.
24) Be very careful when hooking and unhooking the equipment.
25) It is absolutely forbidden to stand between the tractor and
linkage for manoeuvring the lifting con-trols from the outside
(Fig. 5).
26) It is absolutely forbidden to stand in the space between the
tractor and the equipment (Fig. 5) with the engine running
and the uni-versal joint linked up and without the hand brake
pulled and a block placed under the wheels to block them.
27) The attaching of additional equip-ment onto the tractor brings
about a different distribution of weight on the axles. Check
the compatibility of the tractor perfor-mance with the weight
that the seeder transfers onto the three-point linkage. If in
doubt consult the tractor Manufacturer.
28) Comply with the maximum ad-missible weight for the axle,
the total mobile weight, transport regulations and the highway
code.
fig. 5

USEAND MAINTENANCE ENGLISH
47
cod. G19502563
Transport on Road
29) When driving on public roads, be sure to follow the highway
code of the country involved.
30) Any transport accessories must be provided with suitable
signs and guards.
31) It is very important to remember that road holding capacity as
well as direction and braking capacity can be influenced,
sometimes considerably, by equipment being either carried
or towed.
32) When taking a curve, calculate that the centrifugal force and
the centre of gravity will shift depend-ing on whether
equipment is being carried or not.
33) For transport, adjust and fasten the lateral lifting arm chains
of the tractor; check that the seed and fertilizer hopper covers
are closed properly; lock the hy-draulic lifting control lever;
hook the seeders unit following the instructions referring on
page 63.
34) Road movements must be per-formed with all tanks empty.
35) For displacements beyond the work area, the equipment
must be placed in the transportation position. This also
involves the necessity of disconnecting any hydraulic
connection to the tractor.
36) Upon request the Manufacturer will supply supports and
tables for signaling of dimensions. 37) When the dimensions
of carried or partially-carried equipment conceal the tractor's
signalling and lighting devices, these must also be installed
on the equip-ment itself, in conformity with regulations of the
highway code of the country involved. When in operation make
sure that the lighting system is in perfect work-ing order.
Cardan shaft
38) The equipment installed can only be controlled by means of
the Cardan shaft complete with the necessary overload safety
devi-ces and guards fastened with the appropriate chain.
39) Only the Cardan shaft supplied by the Manufacturer must be
used.
40) The engine must not be running when installing and removing
the Cardan shaft.
41) Care must be taken regarding the safety and correct
assembly of the Cardan shaft.
42) Use the chain provided to stop the Cardan shaft from rotating.
43) Always check carefully that the Cardan shaft guard is always
in position, both during transporta-tion and operation.
44) Frequently and set intervals check the Cardan shaft guard, it
must always be in excellent condition.
45) Before engaging the power take-off, check that the set rpm
corresponds to that indicated by the sticker on the equipment.
46) Before inserting the power take-off, make sure that there are
no people or animals nearby and that the rpm selected
corre-sponds to that permitted. Never exceed the maximum
admissible speed.
47) Watch out for the rotating univer-sal joint.
48) Do not insert the power take-off with the engine off or synchro-
nized with the wheels.
49) Always disconnect the power take-off when the Cardan shaft
is at too wide an angle (never more than 10° - Fig. 6) and
when it is not being used.
50) Only clean and grease the Cardan shaft when the power
take-off is disconnected, the engine is off, the hand brake
pulled and the key removed.
51) When not in use, place the Cardan shaft on the support pro-
vided for it.
52) After having dismantled the Cardan shaft, place the protec-
tive cover on the power take-off shaft again.
fig. 6

USEAND MAINTENANCE
ENGLISH
cod. G19502563
48
Table 1
Safety measures concerning the hydraulics
53) At the moment of connecting the hydraulic tubes to the
hydraulic system of the tractor, make sure that the hydraulic
systems of the operating machine and the tractor are not
under pressure.
54) For the operative hydraulic connections between tractor and
operating machine, the sockets and plugs should be marked
with colours to distinguish them, to avoid them being used
wrongly. There would be a danger of accident if the
connections were to be swapped round.
55) The hydraulic system is under high pressure; because of
the accident risk, when searching for leakage points special
auxiliary instruments should be used.
56) Not to never carry out the search losses with the fingers or
the hands. The liquids that exit from the holes can be nearly
not visible.
57) During transport by road the hydraulic connections between
tractor and operating machine should be disconnected and
secured to the support provided.
58) Do not use vegetable oils under any circumstance. These
could cause a risk of damage to the cylinder gaskets.
59) The operating pressures of the hydraulic system should be
between 100 bars and 180 bars.
60) Never exceed the indicated hydraulic system pressure levels.
61) Check that the quick hook-ups are coupled correctly; parts of
the system could get damaged if they are not.
62) Oil escaping at high pressure can cause skin injury with the
risk of serious wounds and infection. Call a doctor
immediately if such an incident occurs. If the oil with surgical
means is not removed quickly, can take place serious
allergies and/or infections. Therefore, the installation of
hydraulic components in the tractor driver's cab is strictly
forbidden. All the components of the system should be
positioned carefully to avoid parts being damage during use
of the equipment.
63) In case of participation on the hydraulic system, to unload
the hydraulic pressure carrying all the hydraulic commandos
in all the positions some times after to have extinguished the
motor.
Maintenance in safety
Durante le operazioni di lavoro e manutenzione, utilizzare gli
idonei dispositivi di protezione individuale (es.):
Overalls Gloves Shoes Goggles Helmets
64) Do not proceed with maintenance and cleaning if the power
take-off has not been disconnected first, the engine power
off, the hand brake pulled and the tractor blocked with a
wooden block or stone of the right size under the wheels.
65) Periodically check that the bolts and nuts are tight, and if
necessary tighten them again. For this it would be advisable
to use a torque wrench, respecting the values of 53 Nm for
M10 bolts, resistance class 8.8, and 150 Nm for M14 bolts
resistance class 8.8 (Table.1)
66) During assembling, maintenance, cleaning, fitting, etc., with
the seeding machine raised, place adequate supports under
the equipment as a precaution.
67) The spare parts must correspond to the manufacturer's spe-
cifica-tions. Use only original spares.

USEAND MAINTENANCE ENGLISH
49
cod. G19502563
3.0 INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
To obtain the best performance from the equipment, carefully
follow what is set up below.
ATTENTION
All maintenance work, adjustments and preparation for
operation, must be carried out with the power take-off of the
tractor disconnected, the seeder on the ground on its
supporting feet, the tractor not running, the wheels blocked
and the key turned off.
3.1 ATTACHMENT THE TRACTOR
The seeder may be attached to any tractor fitted out with a
three-point universal joint.
DANGER
The attachment to the tractor is a very dangerous phase. Be
sure to follow the instructions carefully throughout the
operation.
3.1.1 HOOKING
The correct tractor/seeder position, is determined by placing the
equipment at a distance from the tractor so that
the Cardan joint remains extended by 5-10 cm from its maximum
closing position. At this point, proceed as follows:
1) Hook the lifter bars onto the pins provided (1, Fig. 7) Block
with the snap split pins. Hook the chains to the lifting bars
2) Connect the third upper point (2, Fig. 8); the pin will be blocked
with the appropriate split pin; use the adjusting tierod (3, Fig.
8) to keep the seeder perpendicular to the ground (Fig. 8)
3) Block the movement of the parallels of the tractor on the
horizontal plane using the stabilizers provided, so eliminating
the side swaying of the equipment. Check that the tractor
hoisting arms are positioned at the same height from the
ground.
4) Adjust the height of the tractor lifting arms:
a) In the work position, adjust the path of the tractor hoisting
arms to guarantee adequate downward movement of the
planting unit. Otherwise, when hollows are encountered in
the seedbed, seed distribution could be irregular due to
the seed planting unit transmission wheels slipping
(planing effect).
b) in the transporting position, adjust the arms so that the
seeder does not, for any reason whatsoever, come into
contact with the ground.
5) The hydraulic pipes must be connected correctly to the tractor
distributors following the instructions on each pipe (Fig. 9).
6) Connect the Cardan shaft and make sure that it is perfectly
blocked on the power take-off (Fig. 10). Check that the guard
turns freely and fix it with the chain provided.
During the work, regularly check that the equipment is
perpendicular.
ATTENTION: Always follow the indications recommended by
the Manufacturer for the transport of the seeder.
fig. 10
fig. 9
fig. 7
9090
fig. 8
1
2
3
2
3

USEAND MAINTENANCE
ENGLISH
cod. G19502563
50
3.3 STABILITY OF PLANTING UNIT AND TRACTOR
DURING TRANSPORT
When a planting unit is coupled to a tractor, so becoming an
integral part of it for the purposes of road travel, the stability of the
planting unit-tractor complex may change and cause driving or
operating difficulties (rearing up or side-slipping of the tractor).
The condition of equilibrium can be restored by placing a sufficient
number of ballasts on the front of the tractor so that the weights
on the two tractor axles are distributed sufficiently evenly.
To work in safety the instructions given in the highway code should
be followed; these prescribe that at least 20% of the weight of the
tractor alone should be borne by the front axle and that the weight
on the arms of the hoist should not be more than 30% of the
weight of the tractor itself. These factors are summarized in the
following formulas:
Z > [M x (s1+s2)]-(0.2 x T x i)
(d+i)
The symbols have the following meanings (please see Fig. 12
for reference):
M(Kg) Mass weighing on arms off hoist with full load (weight +
mass, see cap. 1.4 Identification).
T(Kg) Mass of tractor.
Z(Kg) Total mass of ballast.
i(m) Tractor wheelbase, that is, the horizontal distance
between the tractor axles.
d(m) Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity of the
ballast and the front axle of the tractor.
s1 (m) Horizontal distance between the inferior point of
attachment of the equipment and the posterior axle of
the tractor (equipment supported to the ground).
s2 (m) Horizontal distance between the barycentre of the
equipment and the inferior point of attachment of the
equipment (equipment supported to the ground).
The amount of ballast that should be applied according to the
formula is the minimum required for circulation on the road. If for
reasons of tractor performance or to improve the set-up of the
planting unit during operation it is thought necessary to raise
these values, please refer to the registration document of the
tractor to check its limits.
When the formula for calculating the ballast gives a negative
result it will not be necessary to add any weight. In any case, as
long as the limits of the tractor are respected, a suitable quantity
of weights may be applied in order to ensure greater stability
during travel. Check that the tractor tyres are suitable for the load.
fig. 12
0,2 T
ZT
is1 s2
d
s2 = 800 mm
3.1.2 UNHOOKING THE SEED DRILL FROM THE TRACTOR
DANGER
Unhooking the seed drill from the tractor is a very dangerous
operation. Great caution must be used and the whole operation
must be carried out following the instructions.
For a correct unhooking operation of the seed drill it is necessary
to proceed on a horizontal level.
1) Lower the supporting base elements
2) Slowly lower the seed drill until it rests completely on the
ground.
3) Disconnect the hydraulic pipes from the tractor distributors
and protect the quick couplings with the caps.
4) Sganciare l’albero cardanico dalla trattrice, ed appoggiarlo al
gancio predisposto.
5) Loosen and unhook the third point, following the first and
second.
fig. 11
cm 15 min
cm 4 min
Max
Min
A
B
3.2 ADAPTING THE CARDAN SHAFT
The Cardan shaft, supplied with the machine, is of standard
length. It might, therefore, be necessary to adapt the cardan
shaft. Should this be the case, before proceeding, consult the
Manufacturer.
CAUTION
- When the Cardan shaft is with drawn to the end of its stroke,
the two pipes should ovelap by at least 15 cm (A Fig. 11).
When it is inserted all the way, the minimum admissible play
is 4 cm (B Fig. 11).
- When using the equipment on another tractor, check that
conditions are as stated above and check that the guards
complete ly cover the rotating parts of the Cardan shaft.
ATTENTION
For transportation of the seeder, always follow the
Manufacturer's instructions.

USEAND MAINTENANCE ENGLISH
51
cod. G19502563
3.4 TELESCOPIC FRAME
The seeder is suitable only for the uses indicated. Any other
use different from that described in these instructions could
cause damage to the machine and represent a serious hazard
for the user.
Regular operation depends on the correct use and adequate
maintenance of the equipment. It is advisable therefore to observe
scrupulously what is described in order to prevent any
inconveniences that could prejudicate proper operation and
duration. It is just as important to keep to what is described in
this booklet since the Manufacturer declines all responsibility
due to negligence and non-observance of these rules.
At any rate the Manufacturer is available to assure immediate
and accurate technical assistance and all that may be necessary
for the improved operation and better performance of the
equipment.
Check that the quick hook-ups are coupled correctly; parts of the
system could get damaged if they are not.
ATTENTION
Oil escaping at high pressure can cause skin injury with the risk
of serious wounds and infection. Call a doctor immediately if
such an incident occurs. Therefore, the installation of hydraulic
components in the tractor driver's cab is strictly forbidden.
All the components of the system should be positioned carefully
to avoid parts being damage during use of the equipment.
3.4.1 DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTIONING
The frame of the machine allows the tubular beams, on which
the side seeding elements are carried, to be slid lengthways
(Fig. 13). The cylinders, operated by a hydraulic system, have the
function of opening and closing the frame.
In this way it is possible to choose the width of opening of the
whole frame in relation to the number of seeding elements present
(Fig. 13) and to the sowing line spacing required, and it is also
possible to close the machine in such a way that its overall
dimensions are reduced sufficiently for road travel.
DANGER
Stay well away from the machine while the telescopic frame is
opening or closing.
USE INSTRUCTION
In order to use correctly the toolbar of the planter, operate as
follows:
1) Verify the proper working of the hydraulic system of the planter,
only with the machine lifted up from the ground or lowered on
its own wheels and props, but with the seeding units on
uplifted position. Also in the field, make sure the planter is
lifted up before opening or closing the telescopic toolbar.
2) Lubricate daily all sliding parts (tollbar sections, gears
shafting, etc...) and in any case after washing the planter.
3) Before operating the row marker device, which is mounted
on the toolbar, remember to unhook the two row marker arms
and, for your safety, to hook them before transporting. the
planter on the road.
fig. 13

USEAND MAINTENANCE
ENGLISH
cod. G19502563
52
3.5 DETERMINATION OF THE ROW DISTANCE
The MONICA seed drill allows the distance between the sowing
rows to be changed to 40-50-60-70-75 cm.
CAUTION
Be very careful to carry out the entire operation by following
the instructions. All the operations described in this paragraph
must be carried out by expert personnel, equipped with
protective gloves, in a clean and dust-free environment. Before
starting up the equipment, check the area surrounding the
machine to ensure that there are no people, especially children
or pets, nearby, and ensure that you have excellent visibility.
3.5.1 DETERMINATION OF THE ROW DISTANCE
The row spacing is set on the MONICA seed drill by changing the
position of the pins on the end stop bars A and B (Fig. 14):
A - end stop bar of the telescopic frame;
B - end stop bar of the seeding elements.
ATTENTION
These operations should be carried out with the machine
closed. Setting the row spacing should always be carried out
by changing the pins of both end stop bars, A and B.
To set the row spacing, proceed as follows:
1) Operate the hydraulic system to close the telescopic frame.
2) Position the pins in the holes of bars A and B for the row
spacing to be set (Fig. 14).
3) Operate the hydraulic system to open the elements up to the
stop, determined by the position of the pins.
4) To close and to reopen the elements of seed along the
chassis, in order to verify the correct order of the external
seeding elements.
Pages 53 and 54 contain diagrams that show the positions of
the pins for setting row spacings 45-50-60-70-75.
fig. 14
A
A
B
B
B

USEAND MAINTENANCE ENGLISH
53
cod. G19502563
MONICA 6 rows
7−45 7−50 6−70 6−75
6−60
6−45 6−50
7−45
7−50
6−70
6−75 6−50 6−45
6−60
7−45 7−50 6−70 6−75
6−60
6−45 6−50
7−45
7−50
6−70
6−75 6−50 6−45
6−60
75 70 60 50 45 45 50 60 70 75 45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75 45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
75 70 60 50 45 45 50 60 70 75 45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75 45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
7−45 7−50 6−70 6−75
6−60
6−45 6−50
7−45
7−50
6−70
6−75 6−50 6−45
6−60
75 70 60 50 45 45 50 60 70 75 45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75 45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
7−45 7−50 6−70 6−75
6−60
6−45 6−50
7−45
7−50
6−70
6−75 6−50 6−45
6−60
75 70 60 50 45 45 50 60 70 75 45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75 45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
6 x70 cm
6 x50 cm
7−45 7−50 6−70 6−75
6−60
6−45 6−50
7−45
7−50
6−70
6−75 6−50 6−45
6−60
75 70 60 50 45 45 50 60 70 75 45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75 45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
6 x60 cm
6 x45 cm
6 x75 cm
End stop bar of the
telescopic frame
Position pins for the row spacing indicated
Pins to fixed position
End stop bar of the
seeding elements
End stop bar of the
telescopic frame
Position pins for the row spacing indicated
Pins to fixed position
End stop bar of the
seeding elements
End stop bar of the
telescopic frame
Position pins for the row spacing indicated
Pins to fixed position
End stop bar of the
seeding elements
End stop bar of the
telescopic frame
Position pins for the row spacing indicated
Pins to fixed position
End stop bar of the
seeding elements
End stop bar of the
telescopic frame
Position pins for the row spacing indicated
Pins to fixed position
End stop bar of the
seeding elements

USEAND MAINTENANCE
ENGLISH
cod. G19502563
54
7 x45 cm
7 x50 cm
6 x70 cm
6 x75 cm
7−45 7−50 6−70 6−75
6−60
6−45 6−50
7−45
7−50
6−70
6−75 6−50 6−45
6−60
7−45 7−50 6−70 6−75
6−60
6−45 6−50
7−45
7−50
6−70
6−75 6−50 6−45
6−60
7−45 7−50 6−70 6−75
6−60
6−45 6−50
7−45
7−50
6−70
6−75 6−50 6−45
6−60
7−45 7−50 6−70 6−75
6−60
6−45 6−50
7−45
7−50
6−70
6−75 6−50 6−45
6−60
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75 45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
7−60
7−507− 456−756−70
7− 60 7− 50 7−45 6−75 6−70
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75 45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
7−60
7−507− 456−756−70
7− 60 7− 50 7−45 6−75 6−70
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75 45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
7−60
7−507− 456−756−70
7− 60 7− 50 7−45 6−75 6−70
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75 45 50 60 70 75
45
50
60
70
75
7−60
7−507− 456−756−70
7− 60 7− 50 7−45 6−75 6−70
MONICA 6 - 7 rows
End stop bar of the
telescopic frame
Position pins for the row spacing indicated
Pins to fixed position
End stop bar of the
seeding elements
End stop bar of the
telescopic frame
Position pins for the row spacing indicated
Pins to fixed position
End stop bar of the
seeding elements
End stop bar of the
telescopic frame
Position pins for the row spacing indicated
Pins to fixed position
End stop bar of the
seeding elements
End stop bar of the
telescopic frame
Position pins for the row spacing indicated
Pins to fixed position
End stop bar of the
seeding elements

USEAND MAINTENANCE ENGLISH
55
cod. G19502563
1
3
4
5
6
fig. 15/3
fig. 15/2
CLOSED
2
6F70
6F75
fig. 15/1
3.5.2 TRANSFORMATION from 7 to 6 rows (70-75 cm)
Operations to be performed with the machine on the ground.
In order to sow at 70 or 75 cm (Fig. 15/1), the planting unit must
be modified from 7 to 6 planting rows. Remove the central
seeding element, taking care to follow the instructions provided
below (Fig. 15/3):
(1) Fit the parallelogram stop block in the central element;
(2) With the element in the operating position, completely lower
the equipment to ground level and block the front clod
breaker;
(3) Slide out the suction tube;
(4) Disengage the cardan drive shaft of the seeding element;
(5) Remove the screws of the parallelogram and slide out the
seeding element;
(6) Fit the cardan shaft in the support provided and fasten it to
the parallelogram stop block. Place the suction tube in the
ring.
If the planting unit is equipped with a microgranulator, proceed
as follows:
- close all the MINIMAX distributors of the central microgranulator
box (Fig. 15/2);
- remove the left seed drop tube (distribution on central seeding
element);
- move the central tube onto the left distributor;
- open the right and left MINIMAX distributor.
To set interrow spacing at 70 or 75, refer to the diagram in
page 54. It is important to remember that to change the interrow
spacing, the upper and lower knuckle pins must be moved.

USEAND MAINTENANCE
ENGLISH
cod. G19502563
56
3.6 SEED SELECTION
3.6.1 SEED DISTRIBUTOR
A plate (1 Fig. 16), chosen according to the size of the seed, is
installed inside the distributors (Fig. 16) (the seed should not be
able to enter the hole). Should suction cause some seeds to
clog the holes of the plate, these will be left on the ground. The
seeder is delivered to the customer with a single set of plates
already installed on the distributors. The Manufacturer can supply
the client with further sets of plates. (see table 4, page 59).
REPLACEMENT OF SEED DISC AND ADJUSTMENTS
CAUTION
All operations described in this paragraph must be carried out
byexpert personnel, equipped withprotectivegloves,ina clean
and dust-free environment.
- The seeder must be clean and dry and stably positioned.
- If the power take-off is hooked to the tractor it must be
disconnected, the engine turned off, the key removed and
the hand brake pulled.
- Only clean parts in good condition must be installed.
- The plate must be assembled with the pegs (2 Fig. 16) pointing
towards the inside of the distributor.
- If some of the pegs are bent or missing from the plate, this
means that foreign bodies have entered the distributor, in
which case the plate must be replaced.
- If there are circular scratches, they must not exceed 1/3 of
the plate thickness.
- Hand-tighten only the winged nut that closes the cover (Fig. 17).
N.B. When replacing worn plates, the cover gasket should also
be replaced.
These are the operations to be carried out:
1) Unscrew and remove the wing nut (Fig. 17);
2) Open the distributor cover;
3) Insert or replace the disc;
4) If necessary, adjust the seed-spill prevention plate as
described further on;
5) Adjust the selector, as described further on;
6) Close the cover and screw the wing nut back on (Fig. 17).
7) Adjust the selector as described further on
REPLACING THE COVER SEAL
Check the whole of the seed distributor cover seal surface
regularly (A Fig. 18) for signs of wear.
The seal must be replaced before the surface «A» (Fig. 18),
being worn down by the disc movement, reaches surface «B».
Also check that no grooves have been made by the disk along
surface «A».
EXPELLER SEEDS
Use the light grey coloured seed expeller (C, Fig. 19) for small
size seeds with an average diameter less than 3.5 mm (e.g.
pelleted sugar beet seed). Use the black coloured seed expeller
(D, Fig. 19) for medium size seeds with an average diameter
from 3.5 to 7 mm (e.g. corn).
Remove the seed expellers when using seed with an average
diameter greater than 7 mm.
Loosen the screws (1, Fig. 19) and remove the expeller (2).
Assembly: Position the expeller (2) as shown in Figure 19.
keeping the expeller pressed against the edge, obtained in the
relative seat ( 3, Fig. 19), block it by the screw (1) kit. The screw
is to be mounted only as shown in the picture. Do not interpose
any thikness between the expeller and its seat. Make sure the
expeller is flat against the seed disk but that it does not come in
contact with the disk. Replace the expeller when worn.
fig. 18
B
A
BA
fig. 16
fig. 17
12
1
21
2
3 3
fig. 19 C D