GE Responder 2000 User manual

TM

2025653-048 Revision B Responder
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2000 Page ii
Revision istory
The revision letter identifies the doc ment’s pdate level and changes with every pdate of the man al.
Part Number and Revision Date Comment
2025653-048A 10/2006 Initial Release
2025653-048B 10/2007 Updated LCD cable ro ting pict re;
Updated from version 2.12 software to
version 2.22; Added safety information
for Hellige test lamp; Added Service
Sticker orderable part n mber

2025653-048A Page iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
REVISION HISTORY ........................................................................................................................ II
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 8
OVERVIEW .....................................................................................................................................8
DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................................9
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS.........................................................................................................10
GENERAL SERVICE INFORMATION .................................................................................................11
Navigation..............................................................................................................................11
Passwords .............................................................................................................................11
Battery Maintenance..............................................................................................................11
SECTION 2: MAINTENANCE .......................................................................................................12
OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................12
EQUIPMENT SETUP ......................................................................................................................13
Req ired Tools ......................................................................................................................13
Proced re .............................................................................................................................. 13
Upgrade Software..................................................................................................................14
UPGRADE PRINTER SOFTWARE ....................................................................................................16
UPDATE SERIAL AND MODEL NUMBERS.........................................................................................17
SECTION 3: TROUBLES OOTING .............................................................................................18
OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................18
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS .................................................................................................................19
WHO SHOULD PERFORM REPAIRS ................................................................................................19
SERVICE/REPLACEMENT PARTS....................................................................................................19
DISPOSAL ....................................................................................................................................19
REPAIR TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ...................................................................................................20
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE ...........................................................................................................20
General Tro bleshooting.......................................................................................................20
No Boot..................................................................................................................................21
A. If the AC Power LED is not lit ..................................................................................................... 21
B. If the AC Power LED is lit ........................................................................................................... 21
Boot, b t no Response..........................................................................................................21
A. If the ECG trace is not moving.................................................................................................... 21
B. The Rotary Selection knob works properly................................................................................. 21
C. The Rotary Selection knob does not work properly.................................................................... 21
Bad Front Panel LEDs...........................................................................................................22
B ttons do not Work..............................................................................................................22
A. The Rotary Selection knob does not work properly .................................................................... 22
B. The Rotary Selection knob works properly................................................................................. 22
Bad Speaker..........................................................................................................................23
Display is Dim, Dark, F zzy, or Unreadable .........................................................................23
A. If the Display is Dim.................................................................................................................... 23
B. If the Display is Dark, F zzy, or Unreadable .............................................................................. 23
Printing Problems ..................................................................................................................23
Battery Tro bleshooting ........................................................................................................24
SpO2 Not Working.................................................................................................................24
Shock into Paddle Dock Fails................................................................................................24
Shock into Patient Fails.........................................................................................................25

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No ECG from Paddles/Pads/Spoons ....................................................................................25
Service Req ired LED is ON.................................................................................................25
SECTION 4: REPAIR ....................................................................................................................26
OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................26
REQUIRED TOOLS ........................................................................................................................27
DISASSEMBLY OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................27
HOW TO REPLACE SPECIFIC COMPONENTS ...................................................................................28
Capacitors (see page 47) ......................................................................................................28
Therapy Board (see page 46) ...............................................................................................28
SPO2 Board (see page 45) ...................................................................................................29
ECG Board (see page 41).....................................................................................................29
Display/Main Board/Printer (see page 43) ............................................................................30
Main Board...................................................................................................................................... 30
Printer ............................................................................................................................................. 30
Power S pply and Power Control Board (see page 37) .......................................................30
Switches and Fan (see page 37)...........................................................................................30
ASSEMBLY ...................................................................................................................................31
Overview................................................................................................................................31
Paddle Latch Assembly.........................................................................................................31
Main Board and Printer Installation .......................................................................................32
Power Control Board and Power S pply Installation ............................................................36
ECG Board Installation ..........................................................................................................40
Display Installation.................................................................................................................42
SPO
2
Board Installation.........................................................................................................44
Therapy Board Installation ....................................................................................................45
Capacitor Installation .............................................................................................................46
Rear Cover Installation ..........................................................................................................47
SECTION 5: PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION AND SAFETY TESTING ...................................................50
OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................50
REQUIRED EQUIPMENT.................................................................................................................51
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE..........................................................................................................51
ANNUAL INSPECTION ....................................................................................................................51
VERIFY OPERATION......................................................................................................................52
Checko t Proced res............................................................................................................52
MAINTENANCE MENU REFERENCE ................................................................................................53
Service Tests.........................................................................................................................54
B tton Test...................................................................................................................................... 54
Printer Speed Test .......................................................................................................................... 55
Battery Readings............................................................................................................................. 55
Display Test .................................................................................................................................... 56
ECG Lead Test ............................................................................................................................... 56
Temperat re Readings ................................................................................................................... 57
Fan Test.......................................................................................................................................... 57
Device Config ration .............................................................................................................58
Select Lang age ............................................................................................................................. 58
Stored Data Management .....................................................................................................58
Clear Event Logs............................................................................................................................. 58
Clear Service Req ired Indicator .................................................................................................... 58
Clear Settings Men Password....................................................................................................... 58
Clear All Stored Data ...................................................................................................................... 58

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Send Event Logs to PC................................................................................................................... 58
Send/Receive Stored Parameters .................................................................................................. 59
VISUAL INSPECTION......................................................................................................................60
OPERATIONAL TESTS ...................................................................................................................60
Initial Power Up .....................................................................................................................60
Maintenance Mode Tests ......................................................................................................61
Verify Serial Comm nications ...............................................................................................61
Req ired Eq ipment ....................................................................................................................... 61
Proced re ....................................................................................................................................... 61
Defibrillator Tests...................................................................................................................62
Energy Timeo t Test....................................................................................................................... 62
Defibrillator Test Chart.................................................................................................................... 62
Paddles Test................................................................................................................................... 63
Pads Test........................................................................................................................................ 63
Spoons Test.................................................................................................................................... 63
Pacing Test............................................................................................................................64
ECG Tests.............................................................................................................................65
Req ired Eq ipment ....................................................................................................................... 65
ECG Connections Test ................................................................................................................... 65
Lead Detection Test........................................................................................................................ 66
ECG Lead Test ............................................................................................................................... 67
Paddles ECG Test .......................................................................................................................... 68
Thermal Printer Operation.....................................................................................................68
Cardioversion Test ................................................................................................................68
SpO
2
Operation .....................................................................................................................68
SAFETY TESTS.............................................................................................................................69
Hipot Test ..............................................................................................................................69
Req ired Eq ipment ....................................................................................................................... 69
ECG to Serial 4.0 KVAC Test ......................................................................................................... 70
AC Line/Ne tral to AC Gro nd 1.5 KVAC Test............................................................................... 70
ECG to SpO
2
1.5 KVAC Test.......................................................................................................... 70
Apex Test Load to Apex and Stern m 3.0 KVDC Test ................................................................... 71
ECG to Apex and Stern m 3.0 KVDC Test..................................................................................... 71
Apex and Stern m to Service Port 3.0 KVAC Test ......................................................................... 71
Leakage C rrent Test............................................................................................................72
Req ired Eq ipment ....................................................................................................................... 72
Eq ipment Set p ............................................................................................................................ 72
Test Proced re ............................................................................................................................... 75
ALTERNATE SAFETY TEST PROCEDURES.......................................................................................75
Test Eq ipment .....................................................................................................................75
Leakage C rrent “Meas rement Device” (MD) Characteristics ............................................76
Tests......................................................................................................................................76
Vis al Inspection............................................................................................................................. 76
Leakage C rrent ............................................................................................................................. 77
Patient Leakage C rrent to Gro nd ......................................................................................80
Patient Leakage C rrent, Mains on Applied Part (All SIP/SOPs Gro nded) ........................83
Ins lation Resistance...................................................................................................................... 85
SECTION 6: PARTS AND ACCESSORIES.................................................................................. 86
OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................86
KITS ............................................................................................................................................87
ACCESSORIES..............................................................................................................................92

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POWER CORDS............................................................................................................................94
SECTION 7: T EORY OF OPERATION ......................................................................................95
OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................95
SYSTEM OVERVIEW......................................................................................................................96
F nctions ...............................................................................................................................96
Feat res ................................................................................................................................96
SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION BLOCK DIAGRAM................................................................................97
COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS.........................................................................................................98
Main Board ............................................................................................................................98
Therapy Board.......................................................................................................................98
ECG Board ............................................................................................................................98
Power Control Board .............................................................................................................98
SpO
2
Board............................................................................................................................98
SECTION 8: SPECIFICATIONS AND SAFETY............................................................................99
OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................99
SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................................100
PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS...............................................................................................................102
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS ...............................................................................................102
Operating Conditions...........................................................................................................102
Storage and Shipping Conditions........................................................................................102
RHYTHMX
®
ECG ANALYSIS ALGORITHM ...................................................................................103
Detection Rate.....................................................................................................................103
Fine VF ................................................................................................................................103
Asystole ...............................................................................................................................103
Noise Detection ...................................................................................................................103
Non-Committed Shock ........................................................................................................103
Sync Mode...........................................................................................................................104
SVT (S praventric lar Tachycardia) Discriminators ...........................................................104
SVT Rate .............................................................................................................................104
Contin o s Monitoring For Shockable Rhythm...................................................................104
Pacemaker P lse Information .............................................................................................104
STAR
®
BIPHASIC DEFIBRILLATION WAVEFORM.........................................................................105
Energy Levels and Patient Impedance................................................................................106
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY REQUIREMENTS....................................................................107
Emissions ............................................................................................................................107
Imm nity ..............................................................................................................................107
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS.....................................................................................................108
Shock and Vibration ............................................................................................................108
Storage and Shipping..........................................................................................................108
ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS TABLE........................................................................................109
ELECTROMAGNETIC IMMUNITY TABLE..........................................................................................110
RF COMMUNICATIONS TABLE .....................................................................................................113
CONNECTORS ............................................................................................................................114
Case ....................................................................................................................................114
Power Connector – IEC 320 type – AC Power.............................................................................. 114
Paddles/Pads Connector – GE Defibrillator Paddles .................................................................... 114
Paddle Connector ID Codes ......................................................................................................... 115
ECG Connector – GE ECG Connector – Five lead ECG .............................................................. 115

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ECG Cable Identification Encoding............................................................................................... 116
SpO
2
Connector – GE SpO
2
......................................................................................................... 117
Serial Service Connector – DB9-Female ...................................................................................... 117
Paddle Cradles (Test Load).......................................................................................................... 117
MAIN CPU PCBA ................................................................................................................118
J211 - Power Control Interface to Power Control PCBA............................................................... 118
J214 – LCD Panel......................................................................................................................... 119
J213 – LCD CCFL Backlight......................................................................................................... 120
J218 – UI Interface to Power Control PCBA ................................................................................. 121
J216 – SPEAKER ......................................................................................................................... 123
J219 – PRINTER HEAD ............................................................................................................... 123
J220 – PRINTER MOTOR ............................................................................................................ 124
J221 – SpO
2
INTERFACE ............................................................................................................ 124
J210 – THERAPY PCBA .............................................................................................................. 125
J212 – ECG PCBA ....................................................................................................................... 125
THERAPY PCBA.................................................................................................................126
J103 - Power S pply..................................................................................................................... 126
J110 – Main CPU PCBA interface ................................................................................................ 126
J109 – Paddles Control Connector ............................................................................................... 127
J101, J102, J108 – Paddles HV Connectors ................................................................................ 127
J104, J105, J106, J107 – Energy Storage Capacitor Connectors ................................................ 128
J126, J127 – Internal Test Load Resistor ..................................................................................... 128
ECG PCBA..........................................................................................................................128
J412 – Interface to main CPU PCBA ............................................................................................ 128
J423 – Patient ECG Connection................................................................................................... 129
POWER CONTROL PCBA .................................................................................................129
J315 – Power inp t from DC power s pply................................................................................... 129
J325 – Smart Battery Connector – Data and Power ..................................................................... 129
J303 – Therapy power .................................................................................................................. 130
J311 – Power Control interface from main CPU PCBA................................................................. 130
J318 – UI Feat res - Interface to main CPU PCBA ...................................................................... 131
J317 – RS-232 SERIAL SERVICE INTERFACE .......................................................................... 132
J323 – FAN................................................................................................................................... 133
J324 – ENCODER “Trim Knob” .................................................................................................... 133
J2 - SpO
2
HOST INTERFACE ...................................................................................................... 133
SpO
2
PATIENT INTERFACE........................................................................................................ 134
POWER SUPPLY MODULE ...............................................................................................134
TB1 – POWER INPUT.................................................................................................................. 134
POWER OUTPUT ........................................................................................................................ 134
BATTERY ............................................................................................................................135
J325 – Smart Battery Connector – Data and Power ..................................................................... 135
CONTACT INFORMATION/CUSTOMER SERVICE .............................................................................136

SECTION 1: Introduction
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SECTION 1: Introduction
Overview
This Service man al provides information needed to service the Responder
™
2000. This man al sho ld only be sed by
technical personnel trained to service the Responder 2000.
This chapter contains general information for servicing the Responder 2000.
This Service man al ass mes familiarity with the controls and basic operation of the Responder 2000. Detailed
information regarding controls, operation, set- p, and reg lar maintenance proced res are fo nd in the Operator’s
man al. If necessary, review the Operator’s Man al before servicing the Responder 2000.
TOPIC PAGE
Description 9
Controls and Indicators 10
General Service Information 11

SECTION 1: Introduction
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Description
The Responder 2000 is a defibrillator/monitor/pacemaker intended for se by personnel trained in its operation. The
device is lightweight, portable, easy to se and reliable. It incorporates a 320 x 240 transmissive color TFT color display
for wide viewing angles in all light conditions. The device operates sing either an AC power s pply or internal
rechargeable Li-Ion battery. The device provides contin o s ECG monitoring and three types of therapies: defibrillation,
cardioversion and external pacing. Defibrillation can be applied man ally or semi-a tomatically. Pacing therapy can be
either fixed or demand. The device employs patented RHYTHMx
®
software which provides ECG rhythm analysis. STAR
®
Biphasic waveform delivers impedance-compensated energy ranging from 2-270 Jo les. Feat res and options incl de
external paddles, spoons, disposable pads, 3- and 5-lead ECG, p lse oximetry (SpO2), b ilt-in 60 mm thermal printer,
internal storage of event history and remote synchronization to bedside monitor.

SECTION 1: Introduction
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Controls and Indicators

SECTION 1: Introduction
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General Service Information
Refer to the Operator’s Man al for set p (and config ration options) req ired before placing the Responder 2000 into
service.
Navigation
Use the Rotary Selection knob to navigate the Responder 2000 ser interface. The Rotary Selection knob is sed for:
• Scrolling thro gh men s and s b-men s
• Selecting soft keys
• Setting val es
Passwords
The defa lt service password is “HEART1”. See the note nder Maintenance Mode Tests in Section 5 (on page 54) for
detailed password instr ctions.
Battery Maintenance
The Responder 2000 has a rechargeable battery req iring periodic calibration. Calibration consists of a f ll charge, f ll
discharge, and f ll charge of the battery. The cycle may take p to 20 ho rs to complete.
To calibrate the battery sing the optional external charger:
1. Insert the battery into the external charger.
2. Press the calibration b tton on the battery. The Mode light t rns red to indicate calibration in progress.
To stop calibration, press the calibration b tton again. The Mode light t rns green and the battery begins to
charge.
To calibrate the battery witho t the external charger:
1. Insert the battery into the Responder 2000.
2. Pl g the Responder 2000 into an AC o tlet.
3. Allow the battery to f lly charge.
4. Disconnect the AC power cord and leave on the Responder 2000 ntil the battery is f lly discharged (f ll
discharge takes abo t fo r ho rs).
5. Reconnect the AC power cord and allow the battery to f lly charge.

SECTION 2: Maintenance
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SECTION 2: Maintenance
Overview
Use the following proced res to pgrade the Responder 2000 software:
• Upgrade Software to pdate one or more software files
• Upgrade Printer Software to pgrade printer software and fonts
TOPIC PAGE
Eq ipment Set p 13
Upgrade Software 14
Upgrade Printer Software 16
Update Serial and Model N mbers 17

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Equipment Setup
Required Tools
• Serial Cable
• PC (Windows 2000 or XP)
Procedure
1. Pl g AC power cord.
Note: When performing a software pgrade, the Responder 2000 m st be r nning on AC power.
2. Connect serial cable between the comm nications port of the PC and the serial port of the Responder 2000.
3. At the desktop on the PC, do ble-click the Responder 2000 Upgrade icon to open the CodeLink 2000 program.
4. Select the appropriate Com port and click OK.
5. Complete the following on-screen instr ctions and click OK.

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Upgrade Software
Caution: Procedure Failure
Do not se this proced re to pdate the printer files. Updating the printer files incorrectly may ca se the printer to fail. Use
the Upgrade Printer Software proced re on page 16.
1. Perform the Equipment Setup proced re starting on page 13 ntil the CodeLink 2000 selection window is
displayed:
2. Click Choose folder to select all the pdate files in a folder or Choose file to select a single pdate file.
3. Browse to the folder (or file) to be ploaded and click OK (or Open). While the files are pdating, the stat s of
each file is displayed.
As the files are pdated, the Shock b tton and then the Man al b tton flash on the Responder 2000. When all
files are pdated, a confirmation screen is displayed
4. Verify Pass is displayed for each file and click OK.
Note: If a file fails to pdate, retry pdating the file individ ally.
The Upgrade Complete Notification is displayed:
5. Click Yes to pgrade more files (and repeat this proced re from step 2) or No to exit.

SECTION 2: Maintenance
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6. Click Exit.
7. Verify the file pgrade on the Responder 2000.
A text file with the software version n mbers is incl ded with the pgrade folder. Compare those software
version n mbers to the versions listed on the Responder 2000.
a. Press and hold the Power b tton for 5 seconds to reboot the Responder 2000.
b. Highlight and click the System Men .
c. Click About.
d. Click Next to scroll thro gh the version screens. Verify all software versions are pdated as listed in the
Version.txt file.

SECTION 2: Maintenance
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Upgrade Printer Software
When installing the printer software, the files m st be pgraded in the following order witho t reboot:
• printerflash.bin
• printerfont.bin
• printerflash.bin again
Caution: Procedure Failure.
The printer files m st be pdated witho t reboot. If the nit is rebooted d ring the installation, the printer may not work
(the Main Board firmware m st then be reinstalled at a repair center).
1. Perform the Eq ipment Set p proced re starting on page 13 ntil the CodeLink 2000 selection window is
displayed:
2. Click Choose file to select a single pdate file.
3. Navigate to the Printer folder and select the printerflash.bin file.
4. Click Open. While the file is pdating, the stat s of the file is displayed.
As the file is pdated, the Shock b tton and then the Manual b tton flash on the Responder 2000.
5. When the file is pdated, a confirmation screen is displayed:
6. Verify Pass is displayed for the file and click OK.
Note: If the file fails to pdate, try pdating the file again.
The Upgrade Complete Notification is displayed:
7. Click Yes and repeat this proced re for the printerfont.bin file and then the printerflash.bin again.
8. Click Exit.
9. Verify the file pgrade on the Responder 2000.
a. Press and hold the Power b tton for 5 seconds to reboot the Responder 2000.
b. Highlight and click the System Men .
c. Click Abo t.
d. Click Next to scroll thro gh to the printer version screen. Verify the Printer and Font software versions are
pdated as listed in the Version.txt file.

SECTION 2: Maintenance
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Update Serial and Model Numbers
When replacing the Main Board, the Serial and Model n mbers m st be pdated.
1. Before replacing the Main Board, record the Serial and Model n mbers from the About screen.
Note: If the Responder 2000 cannot be booted, record the model and serial n mber from the back panel label.
2. Replace the Main Board.
3. Perform the Equipment Setup proced re starting on page 13 ntil the CodeLink 2000 selection window is
displayed:
4. Click Update Factory Data and enter the previo sly model and serial n mbers.
Note: If the Main Board is not replaced, the fields are not editable.
5. Click OK to accept.

SECTION 3: Troubleshooting
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SECTION 3: Troubleshooting
Overview
This section describes how to tro bleshoot the Responder 2000. These instr ctions are intended for se only by service
providers who are specifically trained to service the Responder 2000.
TOPIC PAGE
Safety Preca tions 19
Who Sho ld Perform Repairs 19
Service/Replacement Parts 19
Disposal 19
Repair Tools and Eq ipment 20
Tro bleshooting G ide 20

SECTION 3: Troubleshooting
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Safety Precautions
WARNING: Shock azard
The Responder 2000 is designed to deliver high-voltage therape tic shock. Before performing any service on the
eq ipment, read and follow all safety preca tions and instr ctions in the Operator’s Man al.
WARNING: Shock azard or Equipment Damage
Before servicing the Responder 2000, disconnect the AC power cord and remove the battery.
WARNING: Shock azard or Equipment Damage
Internal components of the Responder 2000 may still contain high voltages even after the AC power cord and battery are
removed. Before working on any internal component, verify high voltages are not present.
WARNING: Shock azard or Equipment Damage
Some service activities req ire the Responder 2000 to be energized with covers removed. Ens re all personnel and
eq ipment is clear while the eq ipment is energized.
WARNING: Biological Contamination
D ring normal operation, the Responder 2000 may be contaminated by blood, body fl ids, or other biological agents.
Always ass me the Responder 2000 is contaminated and se appropriate safety proced res ntil decontamination is
performed. Always decontaminate the Responder 2000 in accordance with hospital or facility proced res before servicing
or ret rning to service. Refer to the Responder 2000 Operator's Man al for recommended cleaning agents and
instr ctions
Caution: Electrostatic Damage
Always se a wrist gro nding strap and anti-static mat while performing service on any internal components.
Caution: Voiding Product Warranty
Any service performed on the Responder 2000 m st be provided by a thorized service representatives only.
Una thorized repair voids the prod ct warranty.
Who Should Perform Repairs
Repair and service of the Responder 2000 m st be performed by q alified service technicians trained in safe and proper
servicing of the Responder 2000.
Service/Replacement Parts
For service, please contact yo r local GE agency. For additional information, please visit o r Web site at:
http//www.gehealthcare.com.
Please have the serial and model n mbers available when contacting C stomer Service. (The serial and model n mbers
are located on the back (and on the inside) of the Responder 2000.)
Disposal
Always dispose of the Responder 2000, any nserviceable parts or accessories, or batteries in accordance with any local
disposal reg lations for eq ipment containing electronic parts. Note the following preca tions:
WARNING: Shock azard
Disposal of the Responder 2000 with the battery inserted presents a potential shock hazard.
WARNING: Environmental Contamination
Disinfect the Responder 2000 appropriately prior to disposal. Also recycle or dispose of the lithi m-ion battery in
accordance with applicable local reg lations.
WARNING: Fire or explosion hazard
Do not b rn or incinerate the battery. Recycle or dispose of the lithi m-ion battery in accordance with applicable local
reg lations.
Caution: Environmental Contamination
Dispose of the pads or electrodes in accordance with any local disposal reg lations.

SECTION 3: Troubleshooting
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Repair Tools and Equipment
The following tools are needed to perform the proced res in this section.
• TR15 Safety Torx
• TR25 Safety Torx
• Serial cable for software pgrades (with Windows 2000 or XP PC)
• Software pgrade kit
Troubleshooting Guide
General Troubleshooting
Before performing any tro bleshooting, check the following:
Ens re all external cables and connections are tight and ndamaged.
• If possible, ens re the nit is pl gged in to a receptacle with appropriate voltage available (see SECTION 8:
Specifications and Safety for voltage req irements). If no receptacle is available, se a known good, charged
battery to perform any tests.
• Vis ally inspect the nit for any obvio s external damage, incl ding cracks in the display, case, or connectors.
• Ens re all connector pins and sockets are clean, free of debris, and intact.
• Disc ss the iss es with the operator:
o Have the operator explain and demonstrate the problem.
o Ask abo t any previo s repairs or problems.
o Has the nit been stressed (incl ding extreme heat/cold, s bmersion, falls, etc.)?