WatchPAT®ONE System 8 Operation Manual
2 OVERVIEW
Sleep apnea syndrome is considered a major public health problem. The prevalence of
the syndrome is estimated at 2% to 5% in the adult population. Obstructive sleep apnea
is characterized by recurrent events of complete or partial obstruction of the upper
airways during sleep with the presence of breathing effort, while Central Sleep apnea is
characterized by no respiratory effort. Both conditions often lead to hypoxemia, and/or
arousals associated with sympathetic nervous system activation. The diagnosis and
assessment of the sleep apnea patient is usually based on the apnea-hypopnea index
(AHI –the number of Apneas, and Hypopneas per hour of sleep) and / or the Respiratory
Disturbance Index (RDI) which is AHI plus Respiratory Effort Related Arousals
(RERA), along with sleep architecture. The common consequences of this sleep
disruption are daytime sleepiness, poor daytime performance and increased vulnerability
to accidents. Cardiovascular complications such as systemic/pulmonary hypertension,
ischemic heart disease and arrhythmias are the major sequel of sleep apnea in the adult
population.
The WatchPAT is worn on the wrist and is utilizing a plethysmographic based finger–
mounted probe that measures the PAT®(Peripheral Arterial Tone) signal. The PAT®
signal is a measurement of the pulsatile volume changes in the fingertip arteries which
reflects the relative state of the arterial vasomotor activity, and thus indirectly the level
of sympathetic activation. Peripheral arterial vasoconstriction, which mirrors
sympathetic activation, is shown as attenuation in the PAT®signal amplitude.
The Finger Probe also measures RED and IR (Infra Red) channels, which are used for
the measurement of SpO2signal.
The PAT® and SpO2signals are recorded continuously and stored on a remote server,
together with data from a built-in actigraph (embedded in the WatchPAT). Snoring,
Body Position and the subject’s chest movement signals are recorded bythe integrated
Chest Sensor. The recorded data is transmitted to an Application on a mobile
phoneand is then stored on a Web Server.
Following the sleep study, the recordings are automatically downloaded from the Web
Server and analyzed in an offline procedure using the proprietary zzzPAT software.
The zzzPAT algorithms use the WatchPAT channels for the detection of sleep related
breathing disorders, sleep staging (Rapid Eye Movement (REM), Light Sleep, Deep
Sleep and Wake). The zzzPAT uses WatchPAT's snoring and body position channels
to generate snoring level and body position discrete states.
The software issues comprehensive reports of the study, with statistics and graphic
presentation of the results. The night data can be viewed and the automatically
detected events can be revised manually.