Kenwood CS-1100 User manual

CS-1 100•
(100MHz DUAL TRACEOSCILLOSCOPE)
INSTRUCTION MANUAL

SAFETY
SymbolinThis Manual
A Thissymbolindicateswhereapplicablecautionaryor
other information istobefound.
PowerSource
This equipment operates from a powersource that does
notapply more than 250V rms between thesupplycon-
ductorsor between eithersupplyconductorandground.A
protective groundconnectionbywayofthegroundingcon-
ductorinthepowercordisessentialforsafeoperation.
GroundingtheProduct
This equipment isgrounded through thegroundingconduc-
torofthepowercord.Toavoidelectricalshock, plug the
powercord into a properly wired receptacle before connec-
ting tothe equipment input or output terminals.
Use theProperPowerCord
Use onlythepowercordandconnectorspecifiedforyour
product.
Use theProperFuse
Toavoid fire hazard,usea fuseofthecorrecttype.
DonotOperateinExplosiveAtmospheres
Toavoidexplosion,donot operate thisproductinanex-
plosiveatmosphere.
DonotRemoveCoverorPanel
Toavoidpersonalinjury,donotremovethecoverorpanel.
Referservicingto qualified personnel.
CONTENTS
SAFETY 2
FEATURES 3
SPECIFICATIONS 4
PREPARATION FOB USE 6
CONTROLS ANDINDICATORS8
FRONTPANEL8
REAR PANEL12
OPERATION13
INITIAL STARTINGPROCEDURE13
{1)NORMAL SWEEP DISPLAYOPERATION13
(2)MAGNIFIEDSWEEPOPERATION15
(3)DELAYEDSWEEPOPERATION
(ALTERNATINGSWEEPOPERATION)15
(4)X-YOPERATION16
(5)VIDEOSIGNALOBSERVATION16
(6)SINGLESWEEPOPERATION16
APPLICATION17
PROBE COMPENSATION17
TRACE ROTATIONCOMPENSATION17
DCVOLTAGEMEASUREMENTS17
MEASUREMENTSOFTHEVOLTAGE
BETWEEN TWOPOINTSONA WAVEFORM18
ELIMINATION OFUNDESIREDSIGNAL
COMPONENTS18
TIME MEASUREMENTS19
FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS19
PULSE WIDTH MEASUREMENTS20
PULSE RISETIMEANDFALLTIME
MEASUREMENTS20
TIME DIFFERENCE MEASUREMENTS21
PHASE DIFFERENCE MEASUREMENTS22
RELATIVE MEASUREMENTS22
PULSE JITTERMEASUREMENT24
SWEEP MULTIPLICATION (MAGNIFICATION) 24
DELAYED SWEEP TIME MEASUREMENT25
PULSE WIDTH MEASUREMENTSUSING
DELAYED SWEEP26
FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTSUSING
DELAYED SWEEP26
PULSE REPETITION TIME 27
USINGDELAYEDSWEEPFORMEASUREMENTSOF
RISETIMES ANDFALLTIMES27
TIME DIFFERENCEMEASUREMENTSUSING
DELAYED SWEEP28
X-YAPPLICATION28
ACCESSORIES 30
2

FEATURES
• With 1 mV/divsensitivityand100MHzbandwidth
(1mV/divwhenx5GAINfunctionisused).
• Fast 20ns/divsweepspeed(2ns/div with x 10
magnification).
•Verticalsensitivityerrorandsweeprateerrorare±3%
at10— 35°Candaccuratemeasurementsareprovid-
ed.
•The150mmrectangularCRT with internalgraticule
provides highbrightnessandaccuratemeasurements,
freeofparallaxerroranda 16kVacceleratingpotential.
•Forconvenienceinmakingrise time measurements,the
0%,10%,90%and100%levelsaremarkedonthe
graticule scale oftheCRT.
•Thebuilt-inauto-focuscircuitkeepsthewaveformsin
clear focusautomaticallyregardlessoftheINTENSITY
controlsetting.
•By SCALE ILLUMcontrol,thewaveformis easy observ-
edindarknedareaandphotographofthewaveformis
easy provideda singlephotographofthewaveform
superimposed onthegraticule scale.
•Delaysweepmodeisavailabletoobservetheportionof
waveform with magnificationas necessary.
•Singlesweeppermitsviewingandphotographingone-
time events.
•Thedelaylinepermitsviewingofleadingedgeofhigh-
frequency,fastrisetime pulses.
•TheVIDEOsynchronizationcircuitpermitstoobserve
videosignaleasily.
•x 10magnification,andalternatingsweepareprovid-
ed.
•The20MHzbandwidthHmiterincorporatedeliminates
high-frequency,noiseandstabilizessignalwaveforms
displayed.
•Thedualintensitycontrolcircuitpermitstovaryinten-
sities separatelyforA andB sweeps.
•A switchingtypepowersupplyprovidesstableopera-
tion with varyingpowersource(90V~264V).
•Provides with CH1OUTterminaltomonitorinputsignal
ofchannel1.
•SelectableAuto-freerunfunctionprovidessweep
withouttriggerinputsignal.
•VerticalMODEautomaticallydeterminesthetrigger
signal with V.MODEoftrigger SOURCE.
• DELAY TIMEMULTcontrolpermitstheaccurate time
measurements with thedial scale.
•X-Yoperationis easy providedbyone-touche.
3

SPECIFICATIONS
CRT
Model: 150HTM31
Rectangular, with internal
graticule
Acceleration Voltage:16kV
Display Area:8 x 10div
(1div = 10mm)
VERTICAL AXIS (CH1 andCH2)
Sensitivity: 5 mV/divto5 V/div
(x 1 mode)
1 mV/divto1 V/div
(x5 mode)
Accuracy: ±3%(10~35°C)
±5% (0~50°C)
Attenuator:10 steps, 5 mV/divto5 V/div
in1-2-5sequence.
Verniercontrolforfullyad-
justable sensitivitybetween
steps.
InputImpedance:1 MQ±2%,approx.22pF
Frequency Response:
x1 mode:DC;DCto100MHz,-3dB
AC; 5 Hzto100MHz,-3dB
5V/divrangeand
x5 mode:DC;DCto50MHz,-3dB
AC; 5 Hzto50MHz,-3dB
Risetime: 3.5 nsec or less (100MHz)
Signal DelayTime:Approx.10 nsec onthe
CRT screen.
Crosstalk —40dBminimum
OperatingModes:CH1;singletrace
CH2; singletrace
ADD;CH1+CH2addedasa
single trace.
ALT; dualtrace,alternating
CHOP; dualtrace,chopped
Chop Frequency:Approx.250kHz
Channel Polarity:Normalorinverted,channel
2 onlyinverted.
A Maximum Input
^Voltage:500Vp-por250V (dc+ ac
peak)
Non-Distorted Maximum
Amplitude: More than8 div(dcto
100MHz)
BandwidthLimiting:Verticalsystembandwidth
with the20MHzBWpush
button switchpushedisap-
proximately20MHz
HORIZONTALAXIS (Input thruCH2)
OperatingModes: With HORIZ. DISPLAY
switch, X-Yoperationis
selectable
CH1;Yaxis
CH2; X axis
Sensitivity: Sameasverticalaxis(CH2)
Accuracy: Sameasverticalaxis(CH2)
InputImpedance:Sameasverticalaxis(CH2)
Frequency Response DC;DCto5 MHz,—3dB
AC; 5 Hzto5 MHz,-3dB
X-Y Phase Difference:3°or less at100kHz
A Maximum Input
Voltage:Sameasverticalaxis(CH2)
SWEEP
Type: A;A sweep
ALT; A sweep(intensifiedfor
durationofB sweep)andB
sweep (delayedsweep)
alternating
B DLYD;Delayedsweep
X-Y; X-Y oscilloscope
Sweep Time:A;20ns/divto0.5s/divin23
ranges, in1-2-5sequence.
Verniercontrolprovidesfully
adjustable sweep time bet-
ween steps.
B; 20ns/divto50ms/divin
20ranges,in 1 -2-5se-
quence.
Accuracy: ±3%(10~35°C)
±6% (0~50°C)
Sweep Magnification:x 10(tentimes)
±5% (10~35°C)
±7% (0~50°C)
Linearity: ±3%(on20ns/divto
0.5s/div)
±5% (x10MAG)
Holdoff: Continuouslyvariable from
NORMtomorethanfive
times(MAX)
Trace Separation:B sweepcanbeseparated
downward from A sweepup
toapprox.4 divisions, con-
tinuouslyadjustable.
Delay Method (BMODE):Continuousdelay (STARTS
AFTER DELAY), Trigger
delay (TRIGGER)
4

COUPLING
FREQ.
RANGE
MINIMUM SYNC AMPLITUDE
COUPLING
FREQ.
RANGE
INT
EXT
DC
DC-50MHz
DC-100MHz 1.0div
1.5div 100mV
210mV
AC
Same asforDCbut with increased
minimumlevelforbelow20Hz.
AC
HFR£,
Increased minimumlevelbelow20Hz
andabove30kHz.
AC
LFfiEf
Increased minimumlevelbelow30kHz.
VIDEO
FRAME/LINE
0.5div 50mV
AUTO: Sameasabovespecificationsforabove50Hz.
•Circuitandratingsaresubjecttochangewithoutnotice
duetodevelopementsintechnology.
DelayTime:From200 nsec to0.5sec.
Availabledelay time is0.2
to10timestheA sweep
time setting,continuously
adjustable
TimeDifference
Measurement
Accuracy: ±2%(10~35°C)
±4% (0~50°C)
DelayJitter 1 /20000 oftentimesofA
sweep time setting
TRIGGERING
Trigger Mode AUTO,NORM, SINGLE
TriggerSourceV,MODE;Triggerselected
byverticalMODE
switch.
CH1; TriggeredbyCH1
signal
CH2: TriggeredbyCH2
signal
EXT; Triggeredbyex-
ternaltrigger
LINE; Triggeredbyline
voltage
Coupling AC, LFREJ, HF*^,DC,VIDEO
LINE sync (horizontal sync
pulses) automatically
selected atA sweeptimes
of50/is/divto20ns/div
andFRAME sync (vertical
sync pulses)automatically
selected atA sweeptimes
of0.5s/divto0.1ms/div
Polarity+/-
TriggerSensitivity
External "trigger:
Inputimpedance:1 MO,approx.40pF
A MaximamInput
^Voltage:250V (dc+ acpeak)
CALIBRATING VOLTAGE 1 V,±2%,squarewave,
positive polarity,1 kHz,
±3%
INTENSITY MODULATION
Sensitivity: TTLcompatible
positive voltage decreases
brightness,
negativevoltage increases
brightness.
InputImpedance:Approx.10kQ
Usable Frequency
Range: DCto5 MHz
A Maximum Input
^Voltage:50V (dc+ acpeak)
VERTICAL AXISSIGNALOUTPUT(CH1OUT)
OutputVoltage:50mVp-p/divinto50Q
OutputImpedance:Approx.50Q
Frequency Response: DCto100MHz,-3dB
into500 (Unappliedx 5
GAINmode)
POWER REQUIREMENT
Power Supply:90V-264V
Line Frequency:45Hz~ 400Hz
Power Consumption:Approx.60W (into 100V,
50Hz)
DIMENSIONS (WxHxD)
304(346) x 160(173) x
351(411) mm
() dimensionsincludepro-
trusion from basic outline
dimensions
WEIGHT: Approx.8.8kg
ENVIRONMENTAL
Within Specifications:10°Cto35°C,85%max.
relativehumidity
Full Operation:0°Cto50°C,90%max,
relativehumidity
ACCESSORIES SUPPUED
Probe: PC-29...2
InstructionManual:1
AC PowerCord:1
5

PREPARATION FORUSE
SAFETY
Beforeconnectingtheinstrumenttoa power source,
carefullyreadthefollowinginformation,thenverify that
theproperpowercordisusedandtheproperlinefuseisin-
stalled forpower source. Ifthepowercordisnotapplied
forspecifiedvoltage,thereisalwaysa certainamountof
danger from electric shock.
Line voltage
This instrumentoperatesusingac-powerinputvoltages
that 90V to264V atfrequencies from 45Hzto400Hz.
Power cord
The groundwireofthe3-wireacpowerplugplacesthe
chassis andhousingofthe oscilloscope atearthground.Do
not attempt todefeatthegroundwireconnectionor float
the oscilloscope; todosomayposea greatsafetyhazard.
The appropriatepowercordissuppliedbyanoption that is
specified whentheinstrumentisordered.
The optionalpowercordsareshownasfollowsinFig.1.
Line fuse
The fuseholderislocatedontherearpanelandcontains
thelinefuse.Verify that theproperfuseisinstalledby
replacing thelinefuse.
EQUIPMENT PROTECTION
1. Neverallowa smallspotofhighbrilliancetoremain sta-
tionaryonthe screen formorethana few seconds. The
screen maybecomepermanentlyburned.A spotwilloc-
cur onlywhenthe scope issetupforX-Yoperationand
nosignalisapplied.Eitherreducetheintensitysothe
spot isbarelyvisible,switchbacktonormalsweep
operationwhennosignalisapplied,orsetupthe scope
forspotblanking.
2. Nevercovertheventilatingholesonthetopofthe
oscilloscope, asthiswillincreasetheoperating
temperatureinsidethe case.
3. Neverapplymorethanthemaximumratingtothe
oscilloscope inputs.
CH1, CH2INPUT jacks: 500Vp-por250V (dc+ ac
peak)
EXT TRIGINPUTjack:250V (dc+ acpeak)
Z axisINPUTjack:50V (dc+ acpeak)
Neverapplyexternalvoltagetotheoscilloscopeoutput
terminals.
4.Alwaysconnecta cable from theearthground(GND)
jack ofthe oscilloscope tothe chassis oftheequipment
undertest. Without thiscaution,theentirecurrentfor
theequipmentundertestmaybedrawnthroughthe
probeclipleadsundercertain circumstances. Such con-
ditionscouldalsoposea safetyhazard,whichthe
groundcablewillprevent.
5.Alwaysusetheprobeground clips forbestresults.Do
notuseanexternalgroundwireinlieuoftheprobe
ground clips, asundesiredsignalsmaybeintroduced.
6.Operationadjacenttoequipmentwhichproducesstrong
ac magneticfieldsshouldbeavoidedwherepossible.
This includes such devicesaslargepowersupplies,
transformers, electricmotors,etc., that are often found
inanindustrialenvironment.Strongmagneticshields
can exceedthepracticalCRTmagneticshieldinglimits
andresultinterferenceanddistortion.
7.Probecompensationadjustmentmatchestheprobeto
.theinputofthe scope. Forbestresults,compensation
ofprobeshouldbeadjustedinitially,thenthesamepro-
bealwaysused with theinputof scope. Probecompen-
sation shouldbereadjustedwhenevera probe from a
different scope is used.
6

Plugconfiguration Powercordandplugtype
Factory installed
instrumentfuse
Line cord
plugfuse
Parts No.for
powercord
North American
120 volt/60 Hz
Rated15amp
(12ampmax;NEC)
1.2A,250V
Fast blow
AGC/3AG
None E30-1820-05
Universal Europe
220 volt/50 Hz
Rated16amp
1.2A,250V
Fast blow
5 x 20mm None E30-1819-05
U.K.
240 volt/50 Hz
Rated13amp
1.2A,250V
Fast blow
5 x 20mm
1.2A
TypeC
Australian
240 volt/50 Hz
Rated10amp
1.2A,250V
Fast blow
5x20mm None E30-1821-05
North American
240 volt/60 Hz
Rated15amp
(12ampmax;NEC)
1.2A,250V
Fast blow
AGC/3AG
None
Switzerland
240 volt/50 Hz
Rated10amp
1.2A,250V
Fast blow
AGC/3AG
5 x 20mm
None
Fig. 1 PowerinputVoltageConfiguration

CONTROLS ANDINDICATORS
FRONT PANEL
0T POSITIONControl
Rotationadjustsverticalpositionofchannel1 trace.
InX-Yoperation, rotation adjustsverticalpositionof
display.
(2)VOLTS/DIVControl
Verticalattenuatorforchannel1;providesstepadjustment
ofverticalsensitivity.When VARIABLE control(3)issetto
CAL, verticalsensitivityiscalibratedin10steps from
5 V/divto5 mV/div.
For X-Yoperation,thiscontrolprovidesstepadjustmentof
verticalsensitivity.
(D VARIABLE, PULL x 5 GAINControls
VARIABLE:
Rotationprovides fine controlofchannel1 vertical
sensitivity. Inthe fully clockwise(CAL)position,
theverticalattenuatoriscalibrated.ForX-Y
operation,thiscontrol serves astheY axisat-
tenuation fine adjustment.
PULL x 5 GAIN:
Whenpulledout,theVOLTS/DIVsettingis
multipliedbyfiveandforX-Yoperation,the Y-axis
sensitivity ismultipliedaccordingly.Inx 5 GAIN
mode,theverticalgainisincreasedandthetrace
becomes thickness.
(4) AC-GND-DCSwitch
Three-positionleverswitchwhichoperatesasfollows:
AC: Blocks dccomponentofchannel1 inputsignal.
GND:Openssignalpathandgroundsinputtovertical
amplifier.Thisprovidesa zero-signalbaseline,the
positionofwhichcanbeusedasa referencewhen
performingdcmeasurements.
DC: Directinputofacanddccomponentofchannel1
inputsignal.
(5)INPUT Jack
Verticalinputforchannel1 trace.VerticalinputforX-Y
operation.
(6)VOLTS/DIVControl
Verticalattenuatorforchannel2;providesstepadjustment
ofverticalsensitivity.When VARIABLE control(7)issetto
CAL, verticalsensitivityiscalibratedin10steps from
5 V/divto5 mV/div.
InX-Yoperation,thiscontrolprovidesstepadjustmentof
horizontalsensitivity.
8
Fig. 2

(7) VARIABLE, PULL x 5 GAINControls
VARIABLE:
Rotationprovidesfinecontrolofchannel2 vertical
sensitivity.Inthefullyclockwise(CAL)position,
theverticalattenuatoriscalibrated.InX-Yopera-
tion,thiscontrolbecomesthefinehorizontalgain
control.
PULL x5GAIN:
Whenpulledout,theVOLTS/DIVsettingis
multipliedbyfiveandforX-YoperationtheX-axis
sensitivityismultipliedaccordingly.Inx 5 GAIN
mode,theverticalgainisincreasedandthetrace
becomes thickness.
(DAC-GND-DCSwitch
Three-positionleverswitchwhichoperatesasfollows:
AC: Blocks dccomponentofchannel2 inputsignal.
GND:Openssignalpathandgroundsinputtovertical
amplifier.Thisprovidesa zero-signalbaseline,the
positionofwhichcanbeusedasa referencewhen
performingdcmeasurements.
DC: Directinputofacanddccomponentofchannel2
inputsignal.
(9)INPUT Jack
Verticalinputforchannel2 traceinnormalsweepopera-
tion.ExternalhorizontalinputinX-Yoperation.
@)CH2INVPush-buttonSwitch
Inthe NORM position (button released),thechannel2
signal isnon-inverted.IntheINVposition (button
engaged),thechannel2 signalisinverted.
(Q) y POSITION,X-Yo Control
Rotationadjustsverticalpositionofchannel2 trace.
InX-Yoperationadjustshorizontalpositionofdisplay.
®MODESwitch
Five-positionleverswitchwhich selects the basic
operatingmodesoftheoscilloscope.
CH1: Onlytheinputsignaltochannel1 isdisplayed
as a singletrace.
CH2: Onlytheinputsignaltochannel2 isdisplayed
as a singletrace.
ALT: Alternatesweepisselectedregardlessof
sweep time asdualtrace(CH1andCH2).
CHOP: Chopsweepisselectedregardlessofsweep
time atapproximately250kHzasdualtrace
(CH1andCH2).
ADD:Thewaveforms from channel1 andchannel2
inputsignalsareaddedandthesumis
displayedasa singletrace.WhentheCH2INV
(Q) button isengaged,thewaveform from
channel 2 issubtracted from thechannel1
waveformandthedifferenceisdisplayedasa
single trace.
I—NOTE:• ,
Thevariousverticalmodesettingsarerelatedto
horizontalmodeandtriggersource.Seethesection
onHORIZDISPLAYand SOURCE fora descriptionof
thisrelationship.
@ 20MHzBWPush-buttonSwitch
Limits theverticalbandwidthtoapproximately20MHz
whenengagedthisbutton.
@ POWER, SCALE ILLUMControls
Fully counterclockwise rotation ofthiscontrol(OFF posi-
tion) turnsoffoscilloscope.Clockwise rotation turnson
oscilloscope. Furtherclockwise rotation ofthecontrolin-
creases theilluminationlevelof scale.
(3)PILOTLamp
Lights whenoscilloscopeisturnedon.
@ JLGNDterminal/bindingpost.
Earth and chassis ground.
@ CAL,1 Vp-p,^ 1 kHzTerminal
Provides 1 kHz,1 Voltpeak-to-peaksquarewavesignal.
This isusefulforprobecompensationadjustment.
®) TRACE ROTATIONControl
Electrically rotatestracetohorizontalposition.
Strongmagneticfieldsmay cause thetracetobetilted.
Thedegreeof tilt mayvaryasthescopeismoved from one
locationtoanother.Inthese cases, adjustthiscontrol.
© FOCUS Control
Adjusts thetracefor optimum focus.
(§)A INTENSITY,B INTENSITYControls
AllowsadjustmentofintensityfortheA sweepandB
sweep respectively.
A INTENSITY:
Adjusts thetraceintensityforA sweepandthe
displayintensityforX-Yoperation.
B INTENSITY:
Adjusts theintensityoftheB sweep.
<£j)ASTIGControl
Astigmatismadjustmentprovides optimum spotroundness
whenusedinconjunction with FOCUS controlregardless
intensitycontrol.
@ LEVEL Control
Triggerleveladjustmentdeterminespointonwaveform
wheresweepstarts.
WhenCOUPLINGswitchisselectedinVIDEO,thetrigger
leveladjustmenthasnoeffect.

Fig. 3
@> SLOPE Control,B MODE Switch
Used toselectdelaysweepmodeby SLOPE switch.
SLOPE: Selectspositivegoing( + ) ornegativegoing(-).
+ equalsmostpositive point of triggering and
— equalsmostnegative point oftriggering.
B MODE:
PULL-STARTS AFTER DELAY
B sweepis triggered immediately after thedelay
set byA SWEEP TIME/DIVandDELAYTIME
MULTcontrols.
NORM-TRIGGER
B sweepstarts immediately after thedelay time
selectedbytheDELAYTIMEMULTand SWEEP
TIME/DIVcontrols.Evenwhenthisswitchisin
NORM position with the trigger MODEswitchset
toAUTO, turning the trigger LEVEL clockwiseor
counterclockwisereleasethe trigger andsetthe
scope toB STARTS AFTER DELAYoperation.
@>TRIG'DLamp
GreenLEDlightsfor duration of triggered A sweep;shows
when trigger LEVEL controlisproperlysetto obtain trigger-
ing.
© SOURCE Switch
Five-positionleverswitch;selects triggering sourceforthe
sweep, with following positions;
V.MODE:The trigger sourceisdeterminedbyvertical
MODEselection.
CH1: Channel1 signalisusedasa trigger
source.
CH2: Channel2 signalisusedasa trigger
source.
ADD:Thealgebraicsumofchannel1 and
channel2 signalisthe trigger source.(If
CH2INVengaged,thedifference
becomesthe trigger source.)
ALT: Displayisalternately triggered byCH1
andCH2.
CHOP: Thedisplaycannotbesynchronized
with the input signalsincethechopping
signalbecomesthe trigger source.
CH1: Sweepis triggered bychannel1 signal
regardlessofverticalMODEselection.
CH2: Sweepis triggered bychannel2 signal
regardlessofverticalMODEselection.
EXT: Sweepis triggered bysignalappliedtoEXTTRIG
INPUTjack@ .
LINE: Sweepis triggered bylinevoltage.
@ COUPLINGSwitch
Five-positionleverswitch;selectscouplingfor sync trigger
signal.
AC: Triggerisaccoupled.Blocksdccomponentofin-
putsignal;mostcommonlyusedposition.
\fREJ\ Syncsignaliscoupled through high-pass filter to
eliminatelow-frequencycomponentsforstable
triggering ofhighfrequencysignals.
HFRE,: Syncsignaliscoupled through a low -pass filter
toeliminatehigh-frequencycomponentsfor
stable triggering oflowfrequencysignals.
DC: The sync signalisdccoupledfor sync whichin-
cludes theeffectsofdccomponents.
VIDEO:Forsynchronizationofvideosignals.Theposi-
tion oftheA SWEEP TIME/DIVcontroldeter-
mineswhetherFRAMEorLINEistobesyn-
10

chronized. Settingbetween0.5s and0.1ms
result inFRAMEwhilethosebetween50psand
20nsresultinLINE sync.
@>EXTTRIG Jack
Inputterminalforexternaltriggersignal.
(§)HORIZ.DISPLAYSwitch
Four-positionleverswitch;usedtoselectthehorizontal
display mode.
A: OnlyA sweepisoperative with theB sweepdor-
mant.
ALT: A sweepalternates with theB sweep.Forthis
modeofoperation,theB sweepappearsasanin-
tensifiedsectionontheA sweep.
B DLY'D:OnlydelayedB sweepisoperative.
X-Y: Channel1 becomestheY axisandchannel2
becomes theX axisforX-Yoperation.Theset-
tingoftheverticalMODEandtriggerMODE
switches havenoeffect.
(§)MODESwitch
Four-positionleverswitch; selects triggeringmode.
AUTO: Triggeredsweepoperation.Whentriggersignal
is present,automaticallygeneratessweep(free
runs inabsenceof-triggersignal.)
NORM:Normaltriggeredsweepoperation.Notraceis
presentedwhena propertriggersignalisnotap-
plied.
SINGLE: Singlesweepoperation. Note that inthismode,
simultaneous observationofboththeA andB
sweeps isnotpossible.
I—NOTE:1
For dualtrace,singlesweepoperation,ver-
ticalMODEmustnotbesettoALT.Usethe
CHOP modeinstead.
RESET: Thisistheresetswitchforsinglesweepopera-
tion.Switchingthe RESET sideinitiatesa single
sweep whichwillbeginwhenthenext sync trig-
ger occurs.
@)ReadyIndicator
In SINGLE triggeringmode,lightswhentriggerMODE
switch issetto RESET andgoesoffwhensweepiscom-
pleted.
20 steps.
B sweep time selectorshouldbesetslowerthanA
sweep time.
®A VARIABLE Control
Fine A sweep time adjustment.Inthefullyclockwise(CAL)
position, thesweep time iscalibrated.
NofineadjustmentisavailablefortheB sweeptime.
(§)POSITION,FINE, PULL x 10MAGControls
Rotationadjustshorizontalpositionoftrace.ForX-Yopera-
tion,thiscontrolshavenoeffect.
^•POSITION:
Horizontalpositioncoarseadjustment.
FINE, PULL x 10MAG:
Rotationbecomesfineadjustmentofhorizontal
positionoftrace.Whenpulledout,tentimes
sweep expands.
Push-pull switchalternatelyturnsx 10MAGoff
andon(tentimessweepexpansion).
@ DELAY TIMEMULTIPLIERControl
Adjusts thestart time oftheB sweeptosomedelay time
afterthestartofA sweep.Thedelay time maybesetto
values between0.2and10timesthesettingoftheA
SWEEP TIME/DIVcontrol.
® T TRACE SEP, HOLDOFFControls
T TRACE SEP: AdjustsverticalseparationbetweenA
sweep andB sweep(controlhaseffectonly
intheALTofHORIZ.DISPLAY).
Counterclockwise rotationincreasessepara-
tion;B sweepmovesdown with respectto
A sweepupto4 divisions.
HOLDOFF: Rotationadjustsholdoff(triggerinhibit
periodbeyondsweepduration).
Counterclockwise rotationincreasesholdoff
period from NORMtomaxmorethanfive
timesbeforetheB ENDSA position.
IntheB ENDSA position( fullycounter-
clockwise), theA sweepisresetatendof
theB sweep.AndthereforeintensityofB
sweep increases toprovidetheA sweep.
B ENDSA modeisapplicabletotheALT,B
DLY'D modesofHORIZDISPLAY.
®A SWEEP TIME/DIV,B SWEEP TIME/DIVControls
A SWEEP TIME/DIV:
HorizontalcoarseA sweep time selector.
Selects calibratedsweeptimesof20ns/divto
0.5s/divin23stepswhenA VARIABLEcontrol
@ issettoCALposition(fullyclockwise).
B SWEEP TIME/DIV:
Coarse horizontalB sweep time selector.
Selects sweeptimesof20ns/divto50ms/divin

Fig. 4
REAR PANEL
(§)Z AXISINPUT Jack
External intensitymodulationinput;TTLcompatible.
Positive voltage decreases brightness,negativevoltagein-
creases brightness.
@ CHIOUTPUT Jack
CH1 verticaloutputsignalconnector.
This connectorisusedtomeasurethefrequencyby con-
nectingthefrequencycounter.
(H)PowerConnector
The inputconnectorfortheacpowercord.
(|| Fuse Holder
Contains thelinefuse.Verify that theproperfuseisinstall-
ed. (1.2A)
@ Feet/CordWrap
Feet supportoscilloscopeinverticalposition(faceup)and
serve ascordwrapforstoringpowercord.
12

OPERATION
INITIAL STARTING PROCEDURE
Until youfamiliarizeyourself with theuseofallcontrols,
thefollowingproceduremaybeusedtostandarizethein-
itial settingofcontrolsasa referencepointandtoobtain
CD NORMAL SWEEP DISPLAYOPERATION
1. TurnthePOWERswitch(Qjclockwise— thepower
supply will beturnedonandthe pilot lamp will light.
Set thesemodesasfollows;
VerticalMODE@ : CH1
TriggerMODE@:AUTO
HORIZDISPLAY@:A
2. Thetrace will appearinthecenteroftheCRTdisplay
andcanbeadjustedbytheCH1• POSITION© and
<«• POSITION@)controls. Next, adjusttheINTENSI-
TY ® and,if necessary, the FOCUS ® foreaseof
observation.
3.VerticalModes
With verticalMODE® settoCH1,applyaninput
signal totheCH1INPUT(5)jackandadjustthe
VOLTS/DIV (2)controlfora suitablesizedisplayofthe
waveform.Ifthewaveformdoesnotappearinthe
display,adjusttheVOLTS/DIVandy POSITIONcontrols
tobringthewaveform into thecenterportionoftheCRT
display.Operation with a signalappliedtotheCH2IN-
PUT (9)jackandtheverticalMODEsettoCH2issimilar
totheaboveprocedure.
IntheADDmode,thealgebraicsumofCH1 +CH2 is
displayed. IftheCH2INV@ switchhasbeenengag-
ed, thealgebraicdifferenceofthetwowaveforms,
CH1 —CH2isdisplayed.If both channelsaresettothe
same VOLTS/DIV,thesumordifferencecanberead
directlyinVOLTS/DIV from theCRT.
IntheALTorCHOPmodesallowsimultaneousobserva-
tion ofchannel1 andchannel2 waveforms.
IntheCHOPmode,thesweepischoppedatanapprox-
imate 250kHzrateandswitchedbetweenCH1and
CH2. Note that intheCHOPmodeofoperation with the
SOURCE switchsettoV.MODE,thetriggersource
becomes thechoppingsignalitself,makingwaveform
observationimpossible.UseALTmodeinsteadin such
cases, orselecta trigger SOURCE ofCH1,orCH2.
Ifnotraceisobtainable,refertothefollowing TRIGGER-
INGprocedures.
4. After settingthe SOURCE switch,adjustthe LEVEL @
SLOPE controls@).Thedisplayonthescreen will pro-
bablybeunsynchronized.RefertoTRIGGERINGpro-
cedurebelowforadjustingsynchronizationandsweep
speed toobtaina stabledisplayshowingthedesired
numberofwaveform.
13
traceontheCRTinpreparationforwaveformobservation.
Whenusingtheprobe(s),refertoprobe'sinstructionsand
"PROBE COMPENSATION"listedinAPPLICATIONofthis
manual.
Fig. 5

TRIGGERING
The input signalmustbeproperly triggered forstable
waveformobservation.TRIGGERINGispossibleusingthe
input signalINTernallytocreatea trigger or with anEXTer-
nallyprovidedsignalof timing relationshiptotheobserved
signal, applying such a signaltotheEXTTRIGjack.
The SOURCE switch selects the input signal that istobe
used to trigger thesweep, with INT sync possibilities
(V.MODE,CH1,CH2,LINE)andEXT sync possibility.
* Internal Sync
When the SOURCE selectionisinINT(V.MODE,CH1,
CH2, LINE),the input signalisconnectedtotheinternal
trigger circuit.Inthisposition,a part ofthe input signalfed
totheINPUT(5)or(9)jackisapplied from thevertical
amplifiertothe trigger circuitto cause the trigger signal
triggered with the input signaltodrivethesweep.
When theV.MODEpositionisselected,the trigger source
is dependentupontheverticalMODEselection.
When theverticalMODEswitchisselectedinALT,thetrig-
gersourcealternatesbetweenchannel1 andchannel2
with eachsweep.
When theverticalMODEswitchisselectedinALTthetrig-
gersourcealternateschannel1 andchannel2 with each
sweep.
This isconvenientforcheckingamplitudes,waveshape,or
waveformperiodmeasurementsandevenpermits
simultaneousobservationoftwowaveformswhicharenot
relatedinfrequencyorperiod.However,thissettingisnot
suitableforphaseor timing comparisonmeasurements.For
such measurements,twotracesmustbe triggered bythe
same sync signal.
When the SOURCE selectionisinCH1,the input signalat
thechannel1 INPUT(5)jackbecomes trigger regardlessof
thepositionofverticalMODE. When the SOURCE selection
is inCH2,the input signalatthechannel2 INPUT(9)jack
becomes trigger regardlessofthepositionofvertical
MODE.Ifthe SOURCE switchissettotheLINEposition,
triggering isderived from the input linevoltage.
This isusefulmeasurements that arerelatedtolinefre-
quency.
*External Sync
When the SOURCE selectionisinEXT,the input signalat
theEXTTRIG@-jackbecomesthe trigger. Thissignal
musthavea time orfrequencyrelationshiptothesignalbe-
ingobservedtosynchronizethedisplay.External sync is
preferedforwaveformobservationinmanyapplications.
For example,Fig.6 shows that thesweepcircuitisdriven
bythe gate signalwhenthe gate signalintheburstsignalis
appliedtotheEXTTRIGjack.Fig.6 alsoshowsthein-
put/output signals, wheretheburstsignalgenerated from
thesignalisappliedtotheinstrumentundertest. Thus, ac-
curate triggering canbeachieved without regardtothein-
putsignalfedtotheINPUT(§)or(§)jackso that no further
triggering isrequiredevenwhenthe input signalisvaried.
Triggersignal
(Gatesignal)
CH1 (Inputsignalto
'amplifier,etc.)
CH2 (Outputsignal
fromamplifier,etc.)
* Coupling
TheCOUPLINGswitch selects thecouplingmodeofthe
trigger signaltothe trigger circuitaccordingtothe type of
trigger signal(dc,ac,signalsuperimposedondc,signal
with highfrequencynoise.).
AC:
Most commonlyusedposition;permits triggering from
20Hztoover100MHz.Blocksdccomponentof sync
trigger signal.
LFRE^:
Attenuate low-frequencycomponentof sync trigger signal.
Usefultoreducelow-frequencyinterference.
Waveformwithlowfrequency noise.
TriggersignalbyLFrejection
HFjur,:
Attenuateshigh-frequencycomponentof sync trigger
signal. Usefultoreducehigh-frequencynoise,andpermits
triggering from the modulation envelopeofan amplitude
modulatedrfsignal.
DC:
Permits triggering from dctoover100MHz.Couplesdc
componentof sync trigger signal.Usefulfor triggering from
verylowfrequencysignals (below 20Hz)orramp
waveforms with slowrepeatingdc.
14
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Waveform with highfrequencynoise
TriggersignalbyHFrejection
* Triggering Level
Triggerpointonwaveformisadjustedbythe LEVEL @,
and SLOPE (f|)controls.Fig.9 showstherelationshipbet-
weenthe SLOPE and LEVEL ofthetriggerpoint.Triggering
levelcanbeadjustedas necessary.
SLOPE "-"RANGE
*AutoTrigger
WhenthetriggerMODE® selectionisinAUTO,the
sweep circuitbecomesfree-runningaslongasthereisno
trigger signal, permittinga checkofGNDlevel.Whena trig-
gersignalispresent,thetriggerpointcanbedeterminedby
the LEVEL controlforobservationasinthenormaltrigger
signal. Whenthetriggerlevelexceedsthetriggersignal,
thetriggercircuitalsobecomesfree-runningwherethe
waveformstartsrunning.WhenthetriggerMODEissetto
NORMand/or,whenthetriggersignalisabsentorthetrig-
geringlevelexceedsthesignalthereisnosweep.
(2)MAGNIFIED SWEEP OPERATION
Since merelyshorteningthesweep time tomagnifya por-
tion ofanobservedwaveformcanresultinthedesiredpor-
tion disappearingoffthe screen, such magnifieddisplay
should beperformedusingtheMAGNIFIED SWEEP.
Using thePOSITIONcontrol,adjustthedesiredportion
ofwaveformtotheCRT.Pullthex 10MAGcontrolto
magnifythedisplay10times.Forthistypeofdisplaythe
sweep time isthe SWEEP TIME/DIVsettingdividedby10.
(3) DELAYED SWEEP OPERATION
(ALTERNATING SWEEP OPERATION)
DelayedsweepoperationisachievedbyuseofboththeA
sweep andtheB sweep.
Procedure:
1. First selecttheHORIZ DISPLAY switchtoA andadjust
fora normalwaveformdisplay.
2. Pulloutthe SLOPE @)controltosettheB MODEtoin-
itiate the STARTS AFTER DELAY mode.Selectthe
HORIZ DISPLAY switchtoALTmodeandtheB sweep
willappearasanintensifiedportionoftheA sweep.The
lengthoftheintensifiedportionisadjustedbytheB
SWEEP TIME/DIVcontrol.
Adjust • TRACE SEPcontrol@ for easy observation
ofboththeA andB traces.Theuppertraceisthenon-
magnifiedportionofthewaveform with themagnified
portionsuper-imposedasanintensifiedsection.
The lowerwaveformistheintensifiedportiondisplayed
magnified.
The B sweepintensityisadjustedusingtheB INTENSI-
TY control@).
3. Shifttheintensifiedportionofwaveform(sectiontobe
magnified)alongtheA sweepbyuseofthe DELAY
TIMEMULT@).
4.SelecttheHORIZ DISPLAY toB DLY'Dtodisplaythein-
tensifiedportionasa magnifiedB sweep.(Fig.10)
DelayTime(magnifiedportion)= DELAY TIMEMULT
settingx A SWEEP TIME/DIVsetting.
5.For STARTS AFTER DELAY operation,apparent jitter in-
creases asmagnification increases. Toobtaina jitter
freedisplaysettheB MODE@)to TRIG. Inthis"Trig-
gerableAfterDelay"modetheA triggersignalselected
bythe SOURCE switch@ becomestheB trigger
source.
Fig. 10
Fig. 8
SLOPE " + " RANGE
LEVEL
Fig. 9
A Sweep
B Sweep
Intensitymodulationarea
B Sweep
15

Note that forthistypeofoperationboththe DELAY TIME
MULTandtrigger LEVEL controlsaffectthestartoftheB
sweep so that thedelay time isusedasa referencepoint.
(4)X-YOPERATION
For somemeasurements,anexternalhorizontaldeflection
signal isrequired.ThisisalsoreferredtoasanX-Y
measurement,wheretheY inputprovidesverticaldeflec-
tion andX inputprovideshorizontaldeflection.
X-Y operationpermitstheoscilloscopetoperformmany
typesofmeasurementsnotpossible with conventional
sweep operation.TheCRTdisplaybecomesanelectronic
graphoftwoinstantaneousvoltages.Thedisplaymaybea
directcomparisonoftwovoltages such asduringphase
measurement,orfrequencymeasurement with Lissajous
waveforms.
Touseanexternalhorizontalinput,usethefollowingpro-
cedure;
1. SelecttheHORIZDISPLAYswitchtoX-Yposition.
2. Usethechannel1 probefortheverticalinputandthe
channel 2 probeforthehorizontalinput.
3. Adjusttheamountofhorizontaldeflection with the
channel 2 VOLTS/DIVandVARIABLEcontrols.
4.Thechannel2 (vertical)POSITION(Q)controlnow
serves asthehorizontalpositioncontrol,andthe
POSITIONcontrolisdisabled.
5.All sync controlsaredisconnectedandhavenoeffect.
X andY axissensitivitiesaresetbyusingthechannel2
andchannel1 VARIABLE, VOLTS/DIVcontrolsrespec-
tively.
By pullingoutthechannel1 andchannel2 VARIABLE
controls, thesensitivitiesofboththeY andX axisare
magnifiedfivetimes.A INTENSITYcontrolisusedtoad-
just theintensityofthedisplayduringX-Yoperation.
(5)VIDEOSIGNALOBSERVATION
TheA SWEEP TIME/DIVcontrolpermitsselectionofver-
ticalorhorizontal sync pulseforsweeptriggeringwhen
viewingcompositevideowaveforms.IntheLINEposition,
(50jts/divto20ns/div)horizontal sync pulsesareselected
as triggerstopermitviewingofhorizontallineofvideo.In
theFRAME(0.5s/divto0.1ms/div)position,vertical
sync pulsesareselectedastriggerstopermitviewingof
verticalfieldsandframesofvideo.Whenobservingthe
videowaveforms,stabledisplayisobtainedonthescreen
regardless thetrigger LEVEL @ control.
Atmostpointsofmeasurement,a compositevideosignal
is ofthe(—)polarity, that is,the sync pulsesarenegative
andthevideoispositive.Inthis case, use" —" SLOPE.
Ifthewaveformistakenata circuitpointwherethevideo
waveformisinverted,the sync pulsesarepositiveandthe
videoisnegative.Inthis case, use" + " SLOPE.
(6) SINGLE SWEEP OPERATION
This modeofdisplayisusefulforlookingatnon-
synchronous orone time events.
Procedure:
1. SelectthetriggerMODE@>toeitherAUTOorNORM.
Applya signalofapproximatelythesameamplitudeand
frequencyasthesignal that istobeobservedasthetrig-
gersignalandsetthetriggerlevel.
2. SelecttriggerMODEswitchto RESET - observe that
the READY indicatorLEDlightstoindicatethereset con-
dition.ThisLEDgoesoutwhentheA sweepperiodis
completed.
3. Aftertheaboveset-upiscompletedthescopeisready
tooperateinthe SINGLE sweepmodeofoperationafter
resettingtheinstrumentusingthe RESET switch.Input
ofthetriggersignalresultsinoneandonlyonesweep
and READY indicatorLEDgoesout.
r— NOTE:,
With theHORIZDISPLAYsettoALTthesimultaneous
observationoftheA sweepandB sweepwaveforms
at SINGLE sweepmodeisnotpossible.Fordualtrace,
single sweepoperation,verticalMODEmustnotbeset
toALT.ObservationisnotpossibleusingALTmode.
Set thescopetotheCHOPmodeinthis case.
16

APPLICATIONS
PROBE COMPENSATION
Ifaccuratemeasurementsaretobemade,theeffectofthe
probebeingusedmustbeproperlyadjusted output ofthe
measurementsystemusingtheinternalcalibrationsignalor
some othersquarewave source.
1. ConnectprobetoINPUTjack.Connectgroundclipof
probeofoscilloscopegroundterminalandtouchtipof
probetoCALterminal.
2. Selectsingletraceoperationofchannel1,thenchannel
2, forstep3 and4.
Set theVOLTS/DIVto20mV/div.
3. Setthe scope controlstodisplay3 or4 cycles ofCAL
square waveat5 or6 divisionsamplitude.
4.Adjustcompensation trimmer onprobefor optimum
square wavewaveshape (minimum overshoot,rounding
off,and tilt).
Correct
compensation
Over
compensation
Insufficient
compensation
TRACE ROTATIONCOMPENSATION
Rotation from a horizontaltracepositioncanbethe cause
ofmeasurementerrors.
Adjust thecontrolsfora singledisplay.SettheAC-GND-DC
switch toGNDandtriggerMODEtoAUTO.Adjustthe•
POSITIONcontrol such that thetraceisoverthecenter
horizontalgraticuleline.Ifthetraceappearstobe rotated
from horizontal,alignit with thecentergraticulelineusing
the TRACE ROTATIONcontrollocatedonthe front panel.
DC VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS
This proceduredescribesthemeasurementprocedurefor
waveformsincludingthedccomponent.
Procedure:
1. ConnectthesignaltobemeasuredtotheINPUT
jack.Set theverticalMODEtothechanneltobe used.
Set theVOLTS/DIVand SWEEP TIME/DIVswitchtoob-
tain a normaldisplayofthewaveformtobemeasured.
Set the VARIABLE controltoCALposition.
2. SetthetriggerMODEswitchtoAUTOandAC-GND-DC
totheGNDposition,whichestablishedthezerovolt
reference.UsingtheT POSITIONcontrol,adjustthe
tracepositiontothedesiredreferencelevelposition,
makingsurenottodisturbthissettingoncemade.
3. SettheAC-GND-DCswitchtotheDCpositionto
observe theinputwaveform,includingitsdccompo-
nent.IfanappropriatereferencelevelorVOLTS/DIV
settingwasnotmade,thewaveformmaynotbevisible
ontheCRT screen atthispoint.Ifso,resetVOLTS/DIV
and/orthey POSITIONcontrol.
4.UsethePOSITIONcontroltobringtheportionof
thewaveformtobemeasuredtothecentervertical
graduationlineoftheCRT screen.
5.Measuretheverticaldistance from thereferencelevelto
thepointtobemeasured,(thereferencelevelcanbe
rechecked bysettingtheAC-GND-DCswitchagainto
GND).
Multiply thedistancemeasuredabovebythe
VOLTS/DIV settingandtheprobeattenuation ratio as
well. If" x 5 GAIN"hasbeenset, multiply thevalueby
1/5aswell.Voltagesaboveandbelowthereference
levelarepositiveandnegativevaluesrespectively.
Using theformula:
DC level= Verticaldistancein divisions x (VOLTS/DIV set-
ting) x(probeattenuation ratio) x "x5GAIN"value_l(1/5)
Measuringpointadjustedtothecenter
vertical scale byPOSITION
[EXAMPLE]
For theexample,thepointbeingmeasuredis3.8divisions
from thereferencelevel(groundpotential).
IftheVOLTS/DIVwassetto0.2V anda 10:1probewas
used. (SeeFig.12)
Substitutingthegivenvalues:
DC level= 3.8(div)x 0.2(V) x 10= 7.6V
17
.Groundpotentialadjustedby
0POSITION(referenceline)
Fig. 12
Fig. 11

Fig. 13
.Adjusttothehorizontal
scale with * POSITION.
[EXAMPLE]
For theexample,thetwopointsareseparatedby4.4divi-
sions vertically.SettheVOLTS/DIVsettingbe0.2V/div
andtheprobe attenuation be10:1.(SeeFig.13)
ELIMINATIONOFUNDESIREDSIGNAL
COMPONENTS
TheADD feature canbeconvenientlyusedtocancelout
the effect ofanundesiredsignalcomponentwhichmaybe
superimposedonthesignalyouwishtoobserve.(SeeFig.
14)
Procedure:
1. Applythesignalcontaininganundesiredcomponentto
thechannel1 INPUTjackandtheundesiredsignalitself
alonetothechannal2 INPUTjack.
2. SettheverticalMODEswitchtoCHOPand SOURCE to
CH2. Verify that CH2representstheunwantedsignalin
reversepolarity.Ifnecessaryreverse polarity bysetting
CH2INVpush button.
3.SettheverticalMODEtoADD, SOURCE toV.MODE
andchannal2 VOLTS/DIVandVARIABLEcontrolsso
that theundesiredsignalcomponentiscancelledas
muchaspossible.Theremainingsignalshouldbethe
signalyouwishtoobservealoneand free oftheun-
wantedsignal.
Signalcontainingundesiredcomponent
(Brokenlines:undesiredcomponentenvelope)
Undesiredcomponentsignal
Substitutingthegivenvalue:
Voltage between two points=4.4 (div) x 0.2(V) x 10= 8.8V
18
MEASUREMENTOFTHEVOLTAGE BETWEEN TWO
POINTSONA WAVEFORM
This techniquecanbeusedtomeasurepeak-to-peak
voltages.
Procedure:
1. ApplythesignaltobemeasuredtotheINPUTjack.Set
theverticalMODEtothechanneltobe used. Setthe
AC-GND-DCswitchtoAC,adjustingVOLTS/DIVand
SWEEP TIME/DIVcontrolsfora normaldisplay.Setthe
VARIABLE controltoCALposition.
2. Usingthe• POSITIONcontrol,adjustthewaveform
position such that oneofthetwopointsfallsona CRT
graduationlineand that theotherisvisibleonthe
display screen.
3.UsingthePOSITIONcontrol,adjustthesecond
point tocoincide with thecenterverticalgraduationline.
4.Measuretheverticaldistancebetweenthetwopoints
and multiply thisbythesettingoftheVOLTS/DIV con-
trol.IfJ'x 5 GAIN"hasbeenset, multiply thevalueby
1/5aswell.
Ifa probeis used, further multiply thisbytheattenua-
tion ratio.
Usingtheformula:
VoltsPeak-to-Peak
= Verticaldistance(div)x (VOLTS/DIVsetting)x (probe
attenuation ratio) x " x 5 GAIN"value
_l(1/5)
Adjusttothecenter
vertical scale with
POSITION. Pointstobemeasured
Vertical
distance
between
two
points

TIMEMEASUREMENTS
This istheprocedureformaking time measurementsbe-
tweentwopointsona waveform.Thecombinationofthe
SWEEP TIME/DIVandthehorizontaldistanceindivisions
betweenthetwopointsisusedinthecalculation.
Procedure:
1. ApplythesignaltobemeasuredtotheINPUTjack.Set
theverticalMODEtothechanneltobe used. Adjustthe
VOLTS/DIV and SWEEP TIME/DIVfora normaldisplay.
Be sure that theVARIABLEcontrolissettoCAL posi-
tion.
2. UsingtheT POSITIONcontrol,setoneofthepointsto
beusedasa referencetocoincide with thehorizontal
centerline.Usethe< • POSITIONcontroltosetthis
pointattheintersectionofanyverticalgraduationline.
3. Measurethehorizontaldistancebetweenthetwo
points.
Multiply thisbythesettingofthe SWEEP TIME/DIV con-
trol toobtainthe time betweenthetwopoints.If
horizontal" x 10MAG" is used, multiplythisfurtherby
1/10.
Using theformula:
Time= Horizontaldistance(div)x (SWEEP TIME/DIVset-
ting)x"x10MAG"value1 (1/10)
Horizontal distance
Fig. 15
Adjusttohorizontal
centerline with
APOSITION
[EXAMPLE]
For theexample,thehorizontaldistancebetweenthetwo
pointsis5.4divisions.
Ifthe SWEEP TIME/DIVis0.2ms/divwecalculate.(See
Fig. 15)
Substitutingthegivenvalue:
Time=5.4(div)x0.2(ms)= 1.08ms
FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS
Frequency measurementsaremadebymeasuringthe
periodofonecycleofwaveformandtakingthereciprocal
ofthis time valueasthefrequency.
Procedure:
1. Settheoscilloscopeuptodisplayonecycleof
waveform(oneperiod).
2. Thefrequencyisthereciprocaloftheperiodmeasured.
Using theformula:
Freq=-
period
[EXAMPLE]
A periodof40its isobservedandmeasured.(SeeFig.16)
Substitutingthegivenvalue:
Freq=1/[40x10"6]= 2.5x104= 25kHz
Whiletheabovemethodreliesonthemeasurementdirectly
oftheperiodofone cycle, thefrequencymayalsobe
measured bycountingthenumberof cycles presentina
given time period.
1. ApplythesignaltotheINPUTjack.Selectthevertical
MODEtothechanneltobeusedandadjustingthe
various controlsfora normaldisplay.SettheVARIABLE
controltoCALposition.
2. Countthenumberof cycles ofwaveformbetweena
chosen setofverticalgraduationlines.
19
Signal without undesiredcomponent
Fig. 14
1 cycle = 4(tys (5/ts/div.x8div.)
Fig. 16
•Adjusttotheverticalscale
with POSITION

Using thehorizontaldistancebetweentheverticallines
used aboveandthe SWEEP TIME/DIV,the time span
maybecalculated. Multiply thereciprocalofthisvalue
bythenumberof cycles presentinthegiven time span.
If"x10MAG"isusedmultiplythisfurtherby10.
Note that errorswilloccurfordisplayshavingonlya few
cycles.
Using theformula:
#ofcyclesx"x10MAG"value
Freq= Horizontaldistance(div)x
SWEEP TIME/DIVsetting
Count cycles betweenthisportion
[EXAMPLE]
For theexample,within7 divisionsthereare10 cycles.
The SWEEP TIME/DIVis5 /*s. (SeeFig.17)
Substitutingthegivenvalue:
Freq=— =285.7 kHz
7(div)x 5 (fis)
PULSE WIDTH MEASUREMENTS
Procedure:
1. ApplythepulsesignaltotheINPUTjack.Setthevertical
MODEtothechanneltobe used.
2. UsetheVOLTS/DIV,VARIABLEand0 POSITION con-
trolstoadjustthewaveform such that thepulseiseasily
observed and such that thecenterpulse width coincides
with thecenterhorizontallineontheCRT screen.
3. Measurethedistancebetweentheintersectionofthe
pulse waveformandthecenterhorizontallineindivi-
sions. Besure that theVARIABLEcontrolisintheCAL.
Multiply thisdistancebythe SWEEP TIME/DIVandby
1/10is" x 10MAG"modeisbeing used.
Using theformula:
Pulse width = Horizontaldistance(div)x (SWEEP TIME/DIV
setting)x"xMAG10"value-1 (1/10)
Adjust tothevertical scale
with o POSITION
Alignthewaveform
with thecenterusing
A POSITION
Be sure that thecorrect10%and90%linesareus-
ed. For such measurementsthe0,10,90and100%
pointsaremarkedontheCRT screen.
0
Using theformula:
Risetime = Horizontaldistance(div)x (SWEEP TIME/DIV
setting)x"x10MAG"value-1 (1/10)
Pulse length
(at50%)
Fig. 18
Fig. 17
[EXAMPLE]
For theexample,thedistance (width) atthecenterhorizon-
tallineis4.6divisionsandthe SWEEP TIME/DIVis0.2ms.
(See Fig.18)
Substitutingthegivenvalue:
Pulse width = 4.6(div)x 0.2ms= 0.92ms
PULSE RISETIME ANDFALLTIMEMEASUREMENTS
For risetimeand falltime measurements,the10%and
90%amplitudepointsareusedasstartingandending
referencepoints.
Procedure:
1. Applya signaltotheINPUTjack.SettheverticalMODE
tothechanneltobe used.
Use theVOLTS/DIVandVARIABLEcontrolstoadjust
thewaveformpeak-to-peakheighttosixdivisions.
2. Usingther POSITIONcontrolandtheothercontrols,
adjust thedisplay such that thewaveformiscentered
verticallyinthedisplay.Setthe SWEEP TIME/DIVtoas
fasta settingaspossibleconsistent with observationof
boththe10%and90%points.Setthe VARIABLE con-
trol toCALposition.
3. UsethePOSITIONcontroltoadjustthe10%point
tocoincide with a verticalgraduationlineandmeasure
thedistanceindivisionsbetweenthe10%and90%
pointsonthewaveform. Multiply thisbythe SWEEP
TIME/DIVandalsoby1/10,if"x10MAG"modewas
used.