Kenwood CS-1044 User manual

40MHzDUALTRACEOSCILLOSCOPE
CS-1044
20MHzDUALTRACEOSCILLOSCOPE
CS-1025
INSTRUCTIONMANUAL

SAFETY
SymbolinThisManualUsetheProperPowerCord
AThissymbolindicateswhereapplicablecautionaryorUseonlythepowercordandconnectorspecifiedforyour
otherinformationistobefound.product.
PowerSource
Thisequipmentoperatesfroma powersourcethatdoes
notapplymorethan250V rmsbetweenthesupplycon-
ductorsorbetweeneithersupplyconductorandground.
Aprotectivegroundconnectionbywayofthegrounding
conductorinthepowercordisessentialforsafeopera-
tion.
GroundingtheProduct
Thisequipmentisgroundedthroughthegroundingcon-
ductorofthepowercord.Toavoidelectricalshock,plug
thepowercordintoa properlywiredreceptaclebefore
connectingtotheequipmentinputoroutputterminals.
UsetheProperFuse
Toavoidfirehazard,usea fuseofthecorrecttype.
DonotOperateinExplosiveAtmospheres
Toavoidexplosion,donotoperatethisproductinanex-
plosiveatmosphere.
DonotRemoveCoverorPanel
Toavoidpersonalinjury,donotremovethecoverorpanel.
Referservicingtoqualifiedpersonnel.
VoltageConversion
Ifthepowersourceisnotappliedtoyourproduct,contact
yourdealer.Toavoidelectricalshock,donotperformthe
voltageconversion.
CONTENTS
SAFETY2
FEATURES3
SPECIFICATIONS4
PREPARATIONFORUSE7
CONTROLSANDINDICATORS9
FRONTPANEL9
REARPANEL13
OPERATION14
INITIALSTARTINGPROCEDURE14
(1)NORMALSWEEPDISPLAYOPERATION14
(2)MAGNIFIEDSWEEPOPERATION16
(3)X-YOPERATION16
(4)VIDEOSIGNALOBSERVATION16
(5)SINGLESWEEP16
APPLICATION17
PROBECOMPENSATION17
TRACEROTATIONCOMPENSATION17
DCVOLTAGEMEASUREMENTS17
MEASUREMENTSOFTHEVOLTAGE
BETWEENTWOPOINTSONA WAVEFORM18
ELIMINATIONOFUNDESIREDSIGNAL
COMPONENTS18
TIMEMEASUREMENTS19
FREQUENCYMEASUREMENTS19
PULSEWIDTHMEASUREMENTS20
PULSERISETIMEANDFALLTIME
MEASUREMENTS20
TIMEDIFFERENCEMEASUREMENTS21
PHASEDIFFERENCEMEASUREMENTS22
RELATIVEMEASUREMENTS22
APPUCATIONOFX-YOPERATION24
MAINTENANCE26
ACCESSORIES27
Note:Tinsinstructionmanualisdescribedfortwomodels.
Refertoitemappliedtoyourproduct.
2

FEATURES
•Verticalaxishashighsensitivityandwidebandwidth
andespeciallycoversfullyspecifiedfrequencyresponse
at5mV/div.
CS-1044:40MHz(-3dB)[1mV,2 mV:15MHz
(-3dB)]
CS-1025:20MHz(-3dB)[1mV,2 mV:10MHz
(-3dB)]
•Holdoffcontrolpermitstriggeringofsignalsofintricate
timerelations(fortheCS-1044only).
•Single-sweepfunctionallowsobservationoftransient
andsingle-shotsignals(fortheCS-1044only).
•Sincesignaldelaylineisincorporated,theleadingedge
ofhigh-speedsignalscanbeobserved(fortheCS-1044
only).
•Triggercoupling(HFREJ)assurestriggeringofsignals
containinghigh-frequencynoise(fortheCS-1044only).
•Verticalsensitivityrangeisselectablefrom 1 mV/divto
5V/divwithrotaryswitchcontinuously.
•Timebasepermitshighsweepspeed.
20nsec/div(x10MAG)
•Verticalsensitivityerrorandsweeprateerrorare±3%
andaccuratemeasurementsareprovided.
•The150mmrectangularCRTwithinternalgraticule
provideshighbrightnessandaccuratemeasurements,
freeofparallaxerror:domedmeshtypeCRTwithpost-
deflectionaccelerationandhighbrightnessphosphors
(accelerationvoltage;6 kV).
•Forconvenienceinmakingrisetimemeasurements,the
0%,10%,90%and100%levelsaremarkedonthe
graticulescaleoftheCRT.
•Tracerotationiselectricallyadjustablefromthefront
panel.
•BySCALEILLUMcontrol,thewaveformiseasyobserv-
edinthedarkandthephotographofthewaveformis
easyprovided.
•SelectableAUTOFREERUNfunctionprovidessweep
withouttriggerinputsignal.
•TheFRAME-LINEswitchprovidesselectionofsync
pulseforsweeptriggeringfromsmallamplitudetolarge
amplitudewithoutadjustingwhenviewingcomposite
videowaveforms.
•Verticalmodeautomaticallyprovidesthetriggersignal
withTRIGSOURCEandVERTMODEswitches.
•X-Yoperationiseasilyprovidedbyone-touchebutton
operation.
CH1Yaxis,
CH2X axis
•CH1OUTPUTterminalareprovidedtomonitorinput
signalofCH1.
3

SPECIFICATIONS
CS-1044 CS-1025
CRT 150STM31
Rectangular,withinternalgraticule 150QTM31
Rectangular,withinternalgraticule
AccelerationVoltage 6kV
DisplayArea 8x10div(1div= 10mm)
VERTICALAXIS CH1andCH2
Sensitivity 1mV/divto5 V/div,±3%
Attenuator 12steps,1 mV/divto5 V/divin1-2-5sequence.
Verniercontrolforfullyadjustablesensitivitybetweensteps.
InputImpedance 1Mfi±2%approx.20pF 1Mfi±2%approx.22pF
FrequencyResponse
5mV/divto5V/div
DC; DCto40MHz,-3dB
AC; 5 Hzto40MHz,-3dB
DC; DCto20MHz,-3dB
AC; 5 Hzto20MHz,-3dB
1mV/div,2 mV/div
DC; DCto 1 5 MHz,-3dB
AC; 5 Hzto 1 5 MHz,-3dB
DC; DCto10MHz,-3dB
AC; 5 Hzto10MHz,-3dB
RiseTime 8.8nsecorless(40MHz)
23.4nsecorless(15 MHz) 17.5nsecorless(20MHz)
35nsecorless(10MHz)
SignalDelayTime Approx.20nsecontheCRTscreen —
Crosstalk
— 40dBminimum
OperatingModes
CH1; singletrace
CH2; singletrace
ALT;twowaveformsalternating
CHOP;twowaveformschopped
ADD; CH1+ CH2addeddisplay
ChopFrequency Approx.250kHz
ChannelPolarity Normalorinverted,channel2 onlyinverted
/^MaximumInputvoltage 500Vp-por250V (DC+ ACpeak)
HORIZONTALAXIS InputthruCH2,x 10MAGnotincluded
OperatingModes WithtrigMODEswitch,X-Yoperationisselectable
CH1; Y axis
CH2; X axis
Sensitivity Sameasverticalaxis(CH2)
InputImpedance Sameasverticalaxis(CH2)
FrequencyResponse
DC; DCto1 MHz,-3dB
AC; 5 Hzto1 MHz,-3dB
DC; DCto500kHz,-3dB
AC; 5 Hzto500kHz,-3dB
X-YPhaseDifference 3°orlessat100kHz 3°orlessat50kHz
ft\ MaximumInputVoltage Sameasverticalaxis(CH2)
SWEEP
TypeNORM
AUTO
SINGLE-RESET
Triggeringsweep
TypeNORM
AUTO
SINGLE-RESET Sweepfreerunsinabsenceoftrigger
TypeNORM
AUTO
SINGLE-RESET Singlesweep —
4

CS-1044 CS-1025
SweepTime 0.2
/is/div to0.5s/div,±3%,in22
ranges,in 1 -2-5sequence.
Verniercontrolprovidesfullyadjustable
sweeptimebetweensteps.
SweepMagnification x10(tentimes)±5%(±8%on,0.2
/is/div range)
Linearity
±3% allranges,
±5% on0.2/As/divatx 10MAG.
Holdoff ContinuouslyvariablefromNORMto
overx 10withHOLDOFFcontrol —
TRIGGERING
InternalSync VERT
MODE; TriggeredbyinputsignalselectedbyverticalMODEset-
ting.
CH1; TriggeredbyCH1signal
CH2; TriggeredbyCH2signal
LINE; Triggeredbylinefrequency
ExternalSync EXT;TriggeredbysignalappliedtoEXTTRIGINPUTjack
ExternalSyncInputImpedance Approx.1 MQ,approx.25pF Approx.1 MQ,approx.30pF
ft\ Max.ExternalTriggerVoltage 50V (DC+ ACpeak)
Coupling
AC, HFrej,TVFRAME,TVLINE AC, TVFRAME,TVLINE
Triggersensitivity (withNORM)
AUTOFreq.range50Hzto20MHz
INT1 div
EXT0.1Vp-p
Triggersensitivity
ACFreq.range10Hzto40MHz
INT1 div
EXT0.1Vp-p
AUTOFreq.range50Hzto20MHz
INT1 div
EXT0.1Vp-p
Triggersensitivity
HFMinimumamplitude(Voltage)re-
quiredfortriggeringisincreased
attriggerfrequenciesbelow
10Hzorover20kHz.
NORMFreq.range10Hzto20MHz
INT1 div
EXT0.1Vp-p
Triggersensitivity
TVFRAME,LINE
INT1 div
EXT0.1Vp-p
TVFRAME,LINE
INT1 div
EXT0.1Vp-p
Triggersensitivity
(AUTO)Ratingshownaboveisprovidedat
50Hzorover.
TVFRAME,LINE
INT1 div
EXT0.1Vp-p
CALIBRATIONVOLTAGE 1V ±3%,squarewave,positivepolarity,approx.1 kHz
INTENSITYMODULATION
Sensitivity + 5 V,positivevoltagedecreasesbrightness.
InputImpedance Approx.10kQ
UsableFrequencyRange DCto2 MHz
/\MaximumInputVoltage 50V (DC+ ACpeak)
VERTICALAXISSIGNALOUTPUT CH1SIGNALOUTPUT
OutputVoltage Approx.50mV/divinto500
OutputImpedance Approx.500
FrequencyResponse
5mV/divto5 V/div 100Hzto40MHz,-3dBinto500 100Hzto20MHz,-3dBinto50«
1mV/div,2 mV/div 100Hzto
1 5 MHz,-3dBinto50fi 100Hzto10MHz,-3dBinto500
TRACEROTATION
Electrical, adjustablefromfrontpanel
5

CS-1044 CS-1025
POWERREQUIREMENT
LineVoltage 100V/120V/220V/240VAC±10%
LineFrequency 50/60Hz
PowerConsumption Approx.36W Approx.35W
DIMENSIONS(WxHxD) 319(341)x 132(145)x 380(442)mm
() dimensionsincludeprotrusionfrombasicoutlinedimensions
WEIGHT Approx.8.0kg Approx.7.8kg
ENVIRONMENTAL
WithinSpecifications 10°Cto35°C,85%max.relativehumidity
FullOperation 0°Cto40°C,85%max.relativehumidity
ACCESSORIESSUPPLIED
Probe PC-30x2
ReplacementFuse 0.8Ax2
0.5Ax2 0.5Ax2
0.3Ax2
InstructionManual 1
*Circuitandratingaresubjecttochangewithoutnoticeduetodevelopmentsintechnology.
6

PREPARATIONFORUSE
SAFETY
Beforeconnectingtheinstrumenttothepowersource,
carefullyreadthefollowinginformation,thenverifythat
thepowercordandpowerlinefuseareonesforyourpower
line.
Theinstrument'srearpanelhasa fuseholderontheleftof
theACinletterminal(thefuseholderalsoservesasa
voltageselector).Thevalueunderthetriangle• marked
ontheholderindicatesthelinevoltagesetfortheinstru-
ment.Ifthepowercordisnotappliedwiththecorrect
voltage,thereisa dangerfromelectricshock.
Linevoltage
Thisinstrumentoperatesusingac-powerinputvoltages
that100/120/220/240V atfrequenciesfrom50Hzto
60Hz.
Powercord
Thegroundwireofthe3-wireacpowerplugplacesthe
chassisandhousingoftheoscilloscopeatearthground.Do
notattempttodefeatthegroundwireconnectionorfloat
theoscilloscope;todosomayposea greatsafetyhazard.
Theappropriatepowercordissuppliedbyanoptionthatis
specifiedwhentheinstrumentisordered.
TheoptionalpowercordsareshownasfollowsinFig.1.
Linefuse
Thefuseholderislocatedontherearpanelandcontains
thelinefuse.Verifythattheproperfuseisinstalledby
replacingthelinefuse.
EQUIPMENTPROTECTION
1. Neverallowa smallspotofhighbrilliancetoremainsta-
tionaryonthescreenformorethana fewseconds.The
screenmaybecomepermanentlyburned.A spotwilloc-
curonlywhenthescopeissetupforX-Yoperationand
nosignalisapplied.Eitherreducetheintensitysothe
spotisbarelyvisible,switchbacktonormalsweep
operationwhennosignalisapplied,orsetupthescope
forspotblanking.
2. Nevercovertheventilatingholesonthetopofthe
oscilloscope,asthiswillincreasetheoperating
temperatureinsidethecase.
3.Neverapplymorethanthemaximumratingtothe
oscilloscopeinputs.
CH1, CH2INPUTjacks:
500Vp-por250V (dc+ acpeak)
EXTTRIGINPUTandZ AXISINPUTjacks:
50V (dc+ acpeak)
Neverapplyexternalvoltagetotheoscilloscopeoutput
terminals.
4. Alwaysconnecta cablefromtheearthground(GND)
jackoftheoscilloscopetothechassisoftheequipment
undertest.Withoutthiscaution,theentirecurrentfor
theequipmentundertestmaybedrawnthroughthe
probeclipleadsundercertaincircumstances.Suchcon-
ditionscouldalsoposea safetyhazard,whichthe
groundcablewillprevent.
5.Alwaysusetheprobegroundclipsforbestresults.Do
notuseanexternalgroundwireinlieuoftheprobe
groundclips,asundesiredsignalsmaybeintroduced.
6.Operationadjacenttoequipmentwhichproducesstrong
acmagneticfieldsshouldbeavoidedwherepossible.
Thisincludessuchdevicesaslargepowersupplies,
transformers,electricmotors,etc.,thatareoftenfound
inanindustrialenvironment.Strongmagneticshields
canexceedthepracticalCRTmagneticshieldinglimits
andresultinterferenceanddistortion.
7.Probecompensationadjustmentmatchestheprobeto
theinputofthescope.Forbestresults,compensation
ofprobeshouldbeadjustedinitially,thenthesamepro-
bealwaysusedwiththeinputofscope.Probecompen-
sationshouldbereadjustedwhenevera probefroma
differentscopeisused.(Seepage17)
8.InX-Yoperation,donotpulloutthePULLx10MAG
switch. Ifpulledoutit,noisemayappeareonthe
waveform.
7

Plugconfiguration Powercordandplugtype
Factoryinstalledinstrument
fuse
Valueinparentheses( ) is
fortheCS-1025
Linecordplugfuse
NorthAmerican
120volt/60Hz
Rated15amp
(12ampmax;NEC)
0.8A
(0.5A),250V
Fastblow
6x 30mm
None
UniversalEurope
220volt/50Hz
Rated16amp
0.25A,250V
T.lag
5x 20mm
None
U.K.
240volt/50Hz
Rated13amp
0.5A
(0.3A),250V
Fastblow
6x 30mm
0.3A
TypeC
Australian
240volt/50Hz
Rated10amp
0.5A
(0.3A),250V
Fastblow
6x 30mm
None
NorthAmerican
240volt/60Hz
Rated15amp
(12ampmax;NEC)
0.5A
(0.3A),250V
Fastblow
6x 30mm
None
Switzerland
240volt/50Hz
Rated10amp
0.5A
(0.3A),250V
Fastblow
6x 30mm
None
Fig. 1 PowerInputVoltageConfiguration
8

CONTROLSANDINDICATORS
CS-1044
CS-1025
FRONTPANEL
0T POSITION
Rotationadjustsverticalpositionofchannel1 trace.
InX-Yoperation,rotationadjustsverticalpositionof
display.
®VOLTS/DIV
Verticalattenuatorforchannel1;providesstepadjust-
mentofverticalsensitivity.WhenVARIABLEcontrol
(3)issettoCAL,verticalsensitivityiscalibratedin12
stepsfrom5 V/divto1 mV/div.
ForX-Yoperation,thiscontrolprovidesstepadjustment
ofverticalsensitivity.
(3)VARIABLEControl
Rotationprovidesfinecontrolofchannel1 verticalsen-
sitivity.Inthefullyclockwise(CAL)position,thever-
ticalattenuatoriscalibrated.ForX-Yoperation,this
controlservesastheY axisattenuationfineadjust-
ment.
0AC-GND-DC
Three-positionleverswitchwhichoperatesasfollows:
AC: Blocksdccomponentofchannel1 inputsignal.
GND: Openssignalpathandgroundsinputtovertical
amplifier.Thisprovidesa zero-signalbaseline,
thepositionofwhichcanbeusedasa
referencewhenperformingdcmeasurements.
DC: Directinputofacanddccomponentofchannel
1inputsignal.
(5)INPUTJack
Verticalinputforchannel1 trace.VerticalinputforX-Y
operation.
©VOLTS/DIV
Verticalattenuatorforchannel2;providesstepadjust-
mentofverticalsensitivity.WhenVARIABLEcontrol
(7)issettoCAL,verticalsensitivityiscalibratedin12
stepsfrom5 V/divto1 mV/div.
InX-Yoperation,thiscontrolprovidesstepadjustment
ofhorizontalsensitivity.
(7)VARIABLEControl
Rotationprovidesfinecontrolofchannel2 verticalsen-
sitivity.Inthefullyclockwise(CAL)position,thever-
ticalattenuatoriscalibrated.InX-Yoperation,thiscon-
trolbecomesthefinehorizontalgaincontrol.
Fig. 2

CS-1044
Fig. 3
(DAC-GND-DC
Three-positionleverswitchwhichoperatesasfollows:
AC: Blocksdccomponentofchannel2 input
signal.
GND: Openssignalpathandgroundsinputtover-
ticalamplifier.Thisprovidesa zero-signal
baseline,thepositionofwhichcanbeused
asa referencewhenperformingdc
measurements.
DC: Directinputofacanddccomponentofchan-
nel2 inputsignal.
(9)y INPUTJack
Verticalinputforchannel2 traceinnormalsweep
operation.ExternalhorizontalinputinX-Yoperation.
(f(D• POSITION/PULLINV
T POSITION:
Rotationadjustsverticalpositionofchan-
nel2 trace.
INV:Push-pullswitchselectschannel2 signal
inverted(PULLINV)whenpulledout.
(HereafterPULLINVisdescribedasCH2
INV.)
10
(Q)MODE
Selectsthebasicoperatingmodesoftheoscilloscope.
CH1: Onlytheinputsignaltochannel1 is
displayedasa singletrace.
CH2: Onlytheinputsignaltochannel2 is
displayedasa singletrace.
ALT:Alternatesweepisselectedregardlessof
sweeptime.
CHOP:Chopsweepisselectedregardlessof
sweeptimeatapproximately250kHz.
ADD: Thewaveformsfromchannel1 andchan-
(CH1+CH2) nel2 inputsareaddedandthesumis
displayedasa singletrace.WhentheCH2
INV(fj|)buttonisengaged,thewaveform
fromchannel2 issubtractedfromthe
channel1 waveformandthedifferenceis
displayedasa singletrace.
®POWER,SCALEILLUM
Fullycounterclockwiserotationofthiscontrol(OFF
position)turnsoffoscilloscope.Clockwiserotation
turnsonoscilloscope.Furtherclockwiserotationof
thecontrolincreasestheilluminationlevelofthescale.
(fj)PILOTLamp
Lamplightswhenoscilloscopeisturnedon.
CS-1025

(fj)GNDterminal/bindingpost.
Earthandchassisground.
@CAL
Providesapproximately1 kHz,1 Voltpeak-to-peak
squarewavesignal.Thisisusefulforprobecompensa-
tionadjustment.
@TRACEROTATION
Electricallyrotatestracetohorizontalposition.
Strongmagneticfieldsmaycausethetracetobe
tilted.
Thedegreeoftiltmayvaryasthescopeismovedfrom
onelocationtoanother.Inthesecases,adjustthis
control.
(g)FOCUS
Adjuststhetraceforoptimumfocus.
(§)INTENSITY/PULLASTIG
INTENSITY:
Clockwiserotationofthiscontrolincreasesthe
brightnessofthetrace.
ASTIG:
Astigmatismadjustmentprovidesoptimumspot
roundnesswhenusedinconjunctionwithFOCUSand
INTENSITYcontrols.Verylittlereadjustmentofthis
controlisrequiredafterinitialadjustment.
(0) EXTTRIGINPUTJack
Inputterminalforexternaltriggersignal.
WhenSOURCEswitchisselectedinEXTposition,the
inputsignalattheEXTTRIGINPUTjackbecomesthe
trigger.
(§)LEVEL/PULLSLOPE{-)
LEVEL:Triggerleveladjustmentdeterminespoint
onwaveformwheresweepstarts.
WhenCOUPLINGswitchisselectedin
TV-FRAMEorLINE,thetriggerlevelad-
justmenthasnoeffect.
SLOPE:+ equalsmostpositivepointoftriggering
and—equalsmostnegativepointof trig-
gering. Push-pullswitchselectspositive
ornegativeslope.
Sweepistriggeredonnegative-going
slopeofsyncwaveformwithswitchpull-
edout.
@COUPLING
Selectscouplingforsynctriggersignal.
AC: Triggerisaccoupled.Blocksdccompo-
nentofinputsignal;mostcommonlyus-
edposition.
HF REJ: Triggerisroutedthroughlow-passfilter
beforeitiscoupledintriggercircuit.
Stabletriggeringisprovidedforlow-
frequencycomponentbecausehigh-
frequencycomponentisattenuated(for
theCS-1044only).
TV
FRAME:Verticalsyncpulsesofa compositevideo
signalareselectedfortriggering.
TV
LINE: Horizontalsyncpulsesofa composite
videosignalareselectedfortriggering.
TheLINEpositionisalsousedforallnon-
videowaveforms.
@>SOURCE
Five-positionleverswitch:selectstriggeringsourcefor
thesweep,withfollowingpositions:
VERTMODE:Thetriggersourceisdeterminedbyver-
ticalMODEselection.(HereafterVERT
MODEisabbreviatedtoV.MODE.)
CH1: Channel1 signalisusedasa trigger
source.
CH2: Channel2 signalisusedasa trigger
source.
ALT:Displayisalternatelytriggeredbychan-
nel1 andchannel2 signal.
ADD: Thealgebraicsumofchannel1 andchan-
nel2 signalisthetriggersource.(IfCH2
INVengaged,thedifferencebecomesthe
triggersource.)
CHOP:Thedisplaycannotbesynchronizedwith
theinputsignalsincethechoppingsignal
becomesthetriggersource.
CH1: Sweepistriggeredbychannel1 signal
regardlessofverticalMODEselection.
CH2: Sweepistriggeredbychannel2 signal
regardlessofverticalMODEselection.
LINE: Sweepistriggeredbylinefrequency
(50/60Hz).
EXT:Sweepistriggeredbysignalappliedto
EXTTRIGINPUTjack@ .
@)TRIGMODE
Selectstriggeringmode.
AUTO:Triggeredsweepoperationwhentrigger
signalispresent,automaticallygenerates
sweep(freeruns)inabsenceoftrigger
signal.
NORM: Normaltriggeredsweepoperation.No
traceispresentedwhena propertrigger
signalisnotapplied.
X-Y:X-Yoperation.Channel1 inputsignal
producesverticaldeflection(Yaxis).
Channel2 inputsignalproduceshorizon-
taldeflection(Xaxis).
ThisoperatesregardlessverticalMODE
selection.
SINGLE:Single-sweepmode(fortheCS-1044on-
ly).
NOTE: Forsingle-sweepdual-traceope-
ration, verticalMODEmustnotbe
settoALT.UsetheCHOPmode
instead.
RESET:Single-sweepresetmode.Whenthe
single-sweepisreset,theswitchreturns

CS-1044
CS-1025
Fig. 4
totheSINGLEposition,andtheREAD
lamp@ continuestolightuntiltheend
oftheA sweepwhichisthemainsweep.
(CS-1044only)
@READYlamp(fortheCS-1044only)
Whenresetisgiveninsingle-sweepoperation,this
lamplightsandremainslituntilcompletionofthe
sweep.
©SWEEPVARIABLEControl
Finesweeptimeadjustment.Inthefullyclockwise
(CAL)position,thesweeptimeiscalibrated.
(§)SWEEPTIME/DIV
Horizontalcoarsesweeptimeselector.
Selectscalibratedsweeptimesof0.2/xs/divto0.5s/
divin20stepswhensweeptimeVARIABLEcontrol©
issettoCALposition(fullyclockwise).
@POSITION,PULLx 10MAG
Rotationadjustshorizontalpositionoftrace.Push-pull
switchselectsx 10magnification(PULLx 10MAG)
whenpulledout:normalwhenpushedin.
InX-Yoperationadjustshorizontalpositionofdisplay.
(§)HOLDOFF(fortheCS-1044only)
Adjuststhesweep-to-sweepinterval.Turningthe
HOLDOFFfromtheNORM(fullc.c.w.)positionvaries
theholdofftimetomorethanX10attheMAX(full
c.w.)position.
12

REARPANEL
Fig. 5
@Z AXISINPUT
Externalintensitymodulationinput;+ 5 V.
Positivevoltagedecreasesbrightness.
@>CH1OUTPUT
ACcoupledoutputconnector.
Thisconnectoristypicallyusedforfrequency
measurementbyconnectingthefrequencycounter.
WhentheVOLTS/DIVcontrol(6)isat1 mV,frequen-
cymeasurementwiththecountermaynotproducea
correctfrequencydisplayduetonoise.Inthatcase,
setVOLTS/DIVtootherrangeorturntheVARIABLE
control(7)toa positionotherthanCAL.
Forstableoperation,avoidcascadedconnectionof
CH1OUTPUTtochannel2 input.
®FuseHolder,LineVoltageSelector
Containsthelinefuse.Verifythattheproperfuseis
installedwhenreplacingthelinefuse.
100V,120V 0.8A(0.5A)
220V,240V 0.5A (0.3A)
Valueinparentheses( ) isfortheCS-1025.
Afterpullingthepowercordplugfromthepower
outlet,adjustthisselectortoyourlinevoltage.
@PowerInputConnector
Inputterminalsofpowersupply.ConnecttheACcord
provided.
13

OPERATION
INITIALSTARTINGPROCEDURE
Untilyoufamiliarizeyourselfwiththeuseofallcontrols,
thefollowingproceduremaybeusedtostandarizethein-
itialsettingofcontrolsasa referencepointandtoobtain
traceontheCRTinpreparationforwaveformobservation.
Whenusingtheprobe(s),refertoprobe'sinstructionsand
"PROBECOMPENSATION"listedinAPPLICATIONofthis
manual.
CS-1044
CS-1025
Fig. 6
(1)NORMALSWEEPDISPLAYOPERATION
1. TurnthePOWERcontrol(jj)clockwise— thepower
supplywillbeturnedonandthepilotlampwilllight.
Setthesemodesasfollows;
MODE(Q): CH1
TRIGMODE@>: AUTO
2. ThetracewillappearinthecenteroftheCRTdisplay
andcanbeadjustedbytheCH1• POSITION0 and
POSITION@ controls.Next,adjusttheINTENSI-
TY(jj)and,ifnecessary,theFOCUS(0)foreaseof
observation.
3.VerticalModes
WithverticalMODE(Q)settoCH1,applyaninput
signaltotheCH1INPUT(5)jackandadjustthe
VOLTS/DIV(2)controlfora suitablesizedisplayofthe
waveform.Ifthewaveformdoesnotappearinthe
display,adjusttheVOLTS/DIVand• POSITIONcontrols
tobringthewaveformintothecenterportionoftheCRT
display.Operationwitha signalappliedtotheCH2IN-
PUT(DjackandtheverticalMODEsettoCH2issimilar
totheaboveprocedure.
IntheADDmode,thealgebraicsumofCH1+CH2is
displayed.IftheCH2INV(Q)switchhasbeenengag-
ed, thealgebraicdifferenceofthetwowaveforms,
CH1— CH2isdisplayed.Ifbothchannelsaresettothe
sameVOLTS/DIV,thesumordifferencecanberead
directlyinVOLTS/DIVfromtheCRT.IntheALTmode,
onesweepdisplayesthechannel1 signalandthenext
14

sweepdisplaysthechannel2 signalinanalternatingse-
quence.
IntheCHOPmode,thesweepischoppedatanapprox-
imate250kHzrateandswitchedbetweenCH1and
CH2. NotethatintheCHOPmodeofoperationwiththe
SOURCEswitchsettoVERTMODE,thetriggersource
becomesthechoppingsignalitself,makingwaveform
observationimpossible.UseALTmodeinsteadinsuch
cases,orselecta triggerSOURCEofCH1orCH2.
Ifnotraceisobtainable,refertothefollowingTRIGGER-
INGprocedures.
4. AftersettingtheSOURCEswitch,adjusttheSLOPE
control.
Thedisplayonthescreenwillprobablybeunsynchroniz-
ed. RefertoTRIGGERINGprocedurebelowforadjusting
synchronizationandsweepspeedtoobtaina stable
displayshowingthedesirednumberofwaveform.
TRIGGERING
Theinputsignalmustbeproperlytriggeredforstable
waveformobservation.TRIGGERINGispossibletheinput
signalINTernallytocreatea triggerorwithanEXTernally
providedsignaloftimingrelationshiptotheobserved
signal, appliyingsucha signaltotheEXTTRIGINPUTjack.
TheSOURCEswitchselectstheinputsignalthatistobe
usedtotriggerthesweep,withINTsyncpossibilities
(VERTMODE,CH1,CH2,LINE)andEXTsyncpossibility.
•InternalSync
WhentheSOURCEselectionisinINT(VERTMODE,CHI,
CH2, LINE),theinputsignalisconnectedtotheinternal
triggercircuit.Inthisposition,a partoftheinputsignalfed
totheINPUT(5)or(9)jackisappliedfromthevertical
amplifiertothetriggercircuittocausethetriggersignal
triggeredwiththeinputsignaltodrivethesweep.
WhentheVERTMODEpositionisselected,thetrigger
sourceisdependentupontheverticalMODEselection.
WhentheverticalMODEselectionisinALT,theALTposi-
tionisveryconvenientformeasuringthetimedurationof
thewaveform.However,forphaseortimingcomparisons
betweenthechannel1 andchannel2 waveforms,both
tracesmustbetriggeredbythesamesyncsignal.
WhentheSOURCEselectionisinCH1,theinputsignalat
thechannel1 INPUT(5)jackbecomestriggerregardlessof
thepositionofverticalMODE.WhentheSOURCEselection
isinCH2,theinputsignalatthechannel2 INPUT(9)jack
becomestriggerregardlessofthepositionofvertical
MODE. WhentheSOURCEselectioninLINE,theacline
voltagepoweringtheoscilloscopeisusedassynctrigger-
ing.
*ExternalSync
WhentheSOURCEselectionisinEXT,theinputsignalat
theEXTTRIGINPUT(§)jackbecomesthetrigger.This
signalmusthavea timeorfrequencyrelationshiptothe
signalbeingobservedtosynchronizethedisplay.External
syncispreferedforwaveformobservationinmanyapplica-
tions.Forexample,Fig.7 showsthatthesweepcircuitis
drivenbythegatesignalwhenthegatesignalintheburst
signalisappliedtotheEXTTRIGINPUTjack.Fig.7 also
showstheinput/outputsignals,wheretheburstsignal
generatedfromthesignalisappliedtotheinstrumentunder
test.Thus,accuratetriggeringcanbeachievedwithout
regardtotheinputsignalfedtotheINPUT(5)or(§)jackso
thatnofurthertriggeringisrequiredevenwhentheinput
signalisvaried.
Triggersignal
(Gatesignal)
Inputsignalto
amplifier,etc.
Outputsignalfrom
amplifier,etc.
Fig. 7
•Coupling
TheCOUPLINGswitchselectsthecouplingmodeofthe
triggersignaltothetriggercircuitaccordingtothetypeof
triggersignal(DC,AC,signalsuperimposedondc,signal
withhighfrequencynoise.).
AC:
Mostcommonlyusedposition;permitstriggeringfrom
10Hztoover40MHz(forCS-1025,20MHz).Blocksdc
componentofsynctriggersignal.
HF REJ: (fortheCS-1044only)
Attenuatestriggersignalabove100kHz.Usefultoreduce
high-frequencynoise,andpermitstriggeringfromthe
modulationenvelopeofanamplitudemodulatedrfsignal.
Waveformwithhighfrequencynoise
TriggersignalbyHFrejection
Fig. 8
*TriggeringLevel
TriggerpointonwaveformisadjustedbytheLEVEL/PULL
SLOPE(flcontrol.Fig.9 showstherelationshipbetween
theSLOPEandLEVELofthetriggerpoint.Triggeringlevel
canbeadjustedasnecessary.
15

LEVEL
Fig. 9
*AutoTrigger
WhentheTRIGMODE@)selectionisinAUTO,the
sweepcircuitbecomesfree-runningaslongasthereisno
triggersignal,permittinga checkofGNDlevel.Whena trig-
gersignalispresent,thetriggerpointcanbedeterminedby
theLEVELcontrolforobservationasinthenormaltrigger
signal. Whenthetriggerlevelexceedsthelimit,thetrigger
circuitalsobecomesfree-runningwherethewaveform
startsrunning.WhentheLEVELcontrolispushedinand/or,
whenthetriggersignalisabsentorthetriggeringlevelex-
ceedsthelimit,thereisnosweep.
(2)MAGNIFIEDSWEEPOPERATION
Sincemerelyshorteningthesweeptimetomagnifya por-
tionofanobservedwaveformcanresultinthedesiredpor-
tiondisappearingoffthescreen,suchmagnifieddisplay
shouldbeperformedusingtheMAGNIFIEDSWEEP.
UsingthePOSITIONcontrol,adjustthedesiredportion
ofwaveformtotheCRT.PulloutthePULLx10MAGcon-
troltomagnifythedisplay10times.Forthistypeof
displaythesweeptimeistheSWEEPTIME/DIVsetting
dividedby10.
(3)X-YOPERATION
Forsomemeasurements,anexternalhorizontaldeflection
signalisrequired.ThisisalsoreferredtoasanX-Y
measurement,wheretheY inputprovidesverticaldeflec-
tionandX inputprovideshorizontaldeflection.
X-Yoperationpermitstheoscilloscopetoperformmany
typesofmeasurementsnotpossiblewithconventional
sweepoperation.TheCRTdisplaybecomesanelectronic
graphoftwoinstantaneousvoltages.Thedisplaymaybea
directcamparisonoftwovoltagessuchasduringphase
measurement,frequencymeasurementwithLissajous
waveforms.
Touseanexternalhorizontalinput,usethefollowingpro-
cedure;
1. SettheTRIGMODEswitchtoX-Ytheposition.
2. Usethechannel1 probefortheverticalinputandthe
channel2 probeforthehorizontalinput.
3.AdjusttheamountofhorizontaldeflectionwiththeCH2
VOLTS/DIVandVARIABLEcontrols.
4. The<P- (horizontal)POSITION@ controlnowserves
asthehorizontalpositioncontrol,andtheCH2• POSI-
TIONcontrolisdisabled.
5.Allsynccontrolsaredisconnectedandhavenoeffect.
(4)VIDEOSIGNALOBSERVATION
TheTVFRAME/LINEswitchpermitsselectionofverticalor
horizontalsyncpulseforsweeptriggeringwhenviewing
compositevideowaveforms.IntheLINEposition,horizon-
talsyncpulsesareselectedastriggerstopermitviewingof
horizontallineofvideo.Thisisalsothepositionusedfor
viewingallnon-videowaveforms.IntheFRAMEposition,
verticalsyncpulsesareselectedastriggerstopermitview-
ingofverticalfieldsandframesofvideo.Whenobserving
thevideowaveforms,stabledisplayisobtainedonthe
screenregardlesstheTRIGLEVEL@)control.
Atmostpointsofmeasurement,a compositevideosignal
isofthepolarity,thatis,thesyncpulsesarenegativeand
thevideoispositive.Inthiscase,use"-"SLOPE.
Ifthewaveformistakenata circuitpointwherethevideo
waveformisinverted,thesyncpulsesarepositiveandthe
videoisnegative.Inthiscase,use" + " SLOPE.
(5)SINGLESWEEP(fortheCS-1044only)
Singlesweepisusedtypicallytosweepa nonperiodic
waveformonceonly.
1. SettheTRIGMODEswitch@)toAUTOorNORM.For
useastriggerinput,connecta signalofpracticallythe
sameamplitudeandfrequencyasthesignaltobe
displayed.Thenseta triggerlevel.
2. SettheTRIGMODEswitch@>toREST.TheLEDlabel-
ed"READY"willgoon,indicatingthetriggerwait
state.TheLEDwillgooffuponcompletionofA sweep.
3.Beingsurethatthe"READY"LEDislit,connectthe
signaltobeobserved,andsettheTRIGEMODEcontrol
@>toRESTsothattheunitiswaitingfortrigger.Once
thesignalistriggered,itwillbesweptonceandthe
"READY"LEDwillgooff.
NOTE: Dualtracewaveformcannotbeobservedifthe
verticalMODEissettoALT.UsetheCHOPmode
instead.
16
SLOPE"-"RANGE
SLOPE" + " RANGE.

APPLICATION
PROBECOMPENSATION
Toobtainanaccuratemeasurementresult,theprobemust
beadjustedcorrectlybeforemeasurement.
1. ConnecttheprobetotheINPUTterminalandsetthe
controlfora normalsweepdisplay.
2. ConnecttheprobetotheCALterminalonthefront
panel, andadjusttheSWEEPTIME/DIVswitchsothat
severalcyclesofthissignalaredisplayed.
3.Adjustthetrimmerontheprobetoobtainthefollowing
correctcompensationwaveform.
Correct
compensation
Over
compensation
Insufficient
compensation
Fig. 10
TRACEROTATIONCOMPENSATION
Rotationfroma horizontaltracepositioncanbethecause
ofmeasurementerrors.
Adjustthecontrolsfora singledisplay.SettheAC-GND-DC
switchtoGNDandTRIGMODEtoAUTO.Adjustthe%
POSITIONcontrolsuchthatthetraceisoverthecenter
horizontalgraticuleline.Ifthetraceappearstoberotated
fromhorizontal,alignitwiththecentergraticulelineusing
theTRACEROTATIONcontrollocatedonthefrontpanel.
DCVOLTAGEMEASUREMENTS
Thisproceduredescribesthemeasurementprocedurefor
DCwaveforms.
Procedure:
1. ConnectthesignaltobemeasuredtotheINPUTjack.
SettheverticalMODEtothechanneltobeused.Setthe
VOLTS/DIVandSWEEPTIME/DIVswitchtoobtaina
normaldisplayofthewaveformtobemeasured.Setthe
VARIABLEcontroltotheCALposition.
2. SettheTRIGMODEtoAUTOandAC-GND-DCtothe
GNDposition,whichestablishedthezerovoltreference.
Usingthe% POSITIONcontrol,adjustthetraceposition
tothedesiredreferencelevelposition,makingsurenot
todisturbthissettingoncemade.
3.SettheAC-GND-DCswitchtotheDCpositionto
observetheinputwaveform,includingitsDCcompo-
nent.IfanappropriatereferencelevelorVOLTS/DIV
settingwasnotmade,thewaveformmaynotbevisible
ontheCRTscreenatthispoint.Ifso,resetVOLTS/DIV
and/orthey POSITIONcontrol.
4. Usetheo POSITIONcontroltobringtheportionof
thewaveformtobemeasuredtothecentervertical
graduationlineoftheCRTscreen.
5.Measuretheverticaldistancefromthereferencelevelto
thepointtobemeasured,(thereferencelevelcanbe
recheckedbysettingtheAC-GND-DCswitchagainto
GND).
Multiplythedistancemeasuredabovebythe
VOLTS/DIVsettingandtheprobeattenuationratioas
well. Voltagesaboveandbelowthereferencelevelare
positiveandnegativevaluesrespectively.
Usingtheformula:
DClevel= Verticaldistanceindivisionsx (VOLTS/DIVset-
ting)x (probeattenuationratio).
Measuringpointadjustedtothecenter
verticalscalebyPOSITION
[EXAMPLE]
Fortheexample,thepointbeingmeasuredis3.8divisions
fromthereferencelevel(groundpotential).
IftheVOLTS/DIVwassetto0.2V anda 10:1probewas
used. (SeeFig.11)
Substitutingthegivenvalues:
DClevel= 3.8(div)x0.2(V)x10= 7.6V
17
.Groundpotentialadjustedby
POSITION(referenceline)
Fig. 11

MEASUREMENTS OFTHE VOLTAGEBETWEEN
TWOPOINTS ONA WAVEFORM
Thistechnique canbe used to measurepeak-to-peak
voltages.
Procedure:
1. Apply the signal tobe measured tothe INPUTjack. Set
theverticalMODE tothe channel tobe used. Setthe
AC-GND-DC toAC, adjustingVOLTS/DIV and SWEEP
TIME/DIV fora normaldisplay. Setthe VARIABLE to
CAL.
2. Using the• POSITIONcontrol,adjust the waveform
positionsuchthat oneofthetwo pointsfalls ona CRT
graduationline and that the other is visible onthe
displayscreen.
3.Using the<*» POSITIONcontrol,adjust the second
ooint to coincidewith the centerverticalgraduationline.
4. Measure the verticaldistancebetween thetwo points
andmultiplythis bythe setting ofthe VOLTS/DIVcon-
trol.
If a probe is used,furthermultiplythis bythe attenua-
tionratio.
Using the formula:
VoltsPeak-to-Peak
=Verticaldistance(div) x (VOLTS/DIVsetting) x (probe
attenuationratio)
Adjust tothe center
verticalscalewith
POSITION. —
Points tobe measured
Adjust tothe horizontal
scalewithPOSITION.
Fig. 12
[EXAMPLE]
For the example, thetwo points are separated by4.4 divi-
sionsvertically. Setthe VOLTS/DIVsetting be0.2 V/div
and the probeattenuation be 10:1. (SeeFig. 1 2)
ELIMINATION OF UNDESIREDSIGNAL
COMPONENTS
The ADD feature canbe convenientlyused to cancel out
theeffect ofan undesiredsignalcomponentwhich
superimposed onthe signal you wish to observe.
Procedure:
1. Apply the signalcontaining an undesiredcomponent to
theCH1INPUTjack andthe undesiredsignalitselfalone
to theCH2 INPUTjack.
2. Setthe verticalMODE to CHOP and SOURCE toCH2.
Verifythat CH2 represents the unwantedsignal in
reversepolarity. If necessaryreversepolarity by setting
CH2 toINV.
3. Setthe verticalMODE toADD, SOURCE toV. MODE
and CH2 VOLTS/DIV and VARIABLE so that the
undesiredsignalcomponent is cancelled as much as
possible. The remainingsignalshould bethe signal you
wish to observealone and free ofthe unwantedsignal.
Signalcontainingundesiredcomponent
(Brokenlines:undesiredcomponentenvelope)
Undesiredcomponentsignal
Substituting the givenvalue:
Voltagebetween two points = 4.4 (div) x 0.2(V) x 10= 8.8V
18
Vertical
distance
betweentwopoints

Signalwithoutundesiredcomponent
TIMEMEASUREMENTS
Thisistheprocedureformakingtimemeasurementsbe-
tweentwopointsona waveform.Thecombinationofthe
SWEEPTIME/DIVandthehorizontaldistanceindivisions
betweenthetwopointsisusedinthecalculation.
Procedure:
1. ApplythesignaltobemeasuredtotheINPUTjack.Set
theverticalMODEtothechanneltobeused.Adjustthe
VOLTS/DIVandSWEEPTIME/DIVfora normaldisplay.
BesurethattheVARIABLEcontrolissettoCAL.
2. Usingthe• POSITIONcontrol,setoneofthepointsto
beusedasa referencetocoincidewiththehorizontal
centerline.Usethe* • POSITIONcontroltosetthis
pointattheintersectionofanyverticalgraduationline.
3.Measurethehorizontaldistancebetweenthetwo
points.
MultiplythisbythesettingoftheSWEEPTIME/DIVcon-
troltoobtainthetimebetweenthetwopoints.If
horizontal"x10MAG" isused,multiplythisfurtherby
1/10.
Usingtheformula:
Time= Horizontaldistance(div)x (SWEEPTIME/DIVset-
ting)x"x10MAG"value1(1/10)
[EXAMPLE]
Fortheexample,thehorizontaldistancebetweenthetwo
pointsis5.4divisions.
IftheSWEEPTIME/DIVis0.2ms/divwecalculate.(See
Fig. 14)
Substitutingthegivenvalue:
Time= 5.4(div)x 0.2(ms)= 1.08ms
FREQUENCYMEASUREMENTS
Frequencymeasurementsaremadebymeasuringthe
periodofonecycleofwaveformandtakingthereciprocal
ofthistimevalueasthefrequency.
Procedure:
1. Settheoscilloscopeuptodisplayonecycleof
waveform(oneperiod).
2. Thefrequencyisthereciprocaloftheperiodmeasured.
Usingtheformula:
Freq — —-—-
period
[EXAMPLE)
Aperiodof40/is isobservedandmeasured.(SeeFig.15)
Adjusttohorizontal
centerlinewith
A POSITION
Substitutingthegivenvalue:
Freq=1/[40x10"6]= 2.5x104= 25kHz
Whiletheabovemethodreliesonthemeasurementdirectly
oftheperiodofonecycle,thefrequencymayalsobe
measuredbycountingthenumberofcyclespresentina
giventimeperiod.
1. ApplythesignaltotheINPUTjack.Setthevertical
MODEtothechanneltobeusedandadjustingthe
variouscontrolsfora normaldisplay.SettheVARIABLE
toCAL.
2. Countthenumberofcyclesofwaveformbetweena
chosensetofverticalgraduationlines.
Usingthehorizontaldistancebetweentheverticallines
usedaboveandtheSWEEPTIME/DIV,thetimespan
maybecalculated.Multiplythereciprocalofthisvalue
19
Fig. 13
1cycle= 40/iS (5/is/div.x8div.)
Fig. 15
Adjusttotheverticalscale
withPOSITION
Horizontaldistance
Fig. 14

Countcyclesbetweenthisportion
[EXAMPLE]
Fortheexample,within7 divisionsthereare10cycles.
TheSWEEPTIME/DIVis5 us. (SeeFig.16)
Substitutingthegivenvalue:
Freq=— =285.7kHz
7(div)x 5 (/is)
PULSEWIDTHMEASUREMENTS
Procedure:
1. ApplythepulsesignaltotheINPUTjack.Setthevertical
MODEtothechanneltobeused.
2. UsetheVOLTS/DIV,VARIABLEandy POSITIONtoad-
justthewaveformsuchthatthepulseiseasilyobserved
andsuchthatthecenterpulsewidthcoincideswiththe
centerhorizontallineontheCRTscreen.
3.Measurethedistancebetweentheintersectionofthe
pulsewaveformandthecenterhorizontallineindivi-
sions.BesurethattheVARIABLEisintheCAL.Multiply
thisdistancebytheSWEEPTIME/DIVandby1/10is
"x 10MAG"modeisbeingused.
Usingtheformula:
Pulsewidth= Horizontaldistance(div)x (SWEEPTIME/DIV
setting)x " x MAGlO'Value"1(1/10)
Fig. 17
[EXAMPLE]
Fortheexample,thedistance(width)atthecenterhorizon-
tallineis4.6divisionsandtheSWEEPTIME/DIVis0.2ms.
(SeeFig.17)
Substitutingthegivenvalue:
Pulsewidth= 4.6(div)x 0.2ms= 0.92ms
PULSERISETIMEANDFALLTIMEMEASUREMENTS
Forrisetimeandfalltimemeasurements,the10%and
90% amplitudepointsareusedasstartingandending
referencepoints.
Procedure:
1. Applya signaltotheINPUTjack.SettheverticalMODE
tothechanneltobeused.
UsetheVOLTS/DIVandVARIABLEtoadjustthe
waveformpeak-to-peakheighttosixdivisions.
2. Usingthey POSITIONcontrolandtheothercontrols,
adjustthedisplaysuchthatthewaveformiscentered
verticallyinthedisplay.SettheSWEEPTIME/DIVtoas
fasta settingaspossibleconsistentwithobservationof
boththe10%and90%points.SettheVARIABLEto
CAL.
3.Usethe«*•POSITIONcontroltoadjustthe10%point
tocoincidewitha verticalgraduationlineandmeasure
thedistanceindivisionsbetweenthe10%and90%
pointsonthewaveform.MultiplythisbytheSWEEP
TIME/DIVandalsoby1/10,if"x10MAG"modewas
used.
NOTE:
Besurethatthecorrect10%and90%linesareused.For
suchmeasurementsthe0,10,90and100%pointsare
markedontheCRTscreen.
Usingtheformula:
Risetime= Horizontaldistance(div)x (SWEEPTIME/DIV
setting)x"x10MAG"value"1(1/10)
20
bythenumberofcyclespresentinthegiventime
span. If"x10MAG"isusedmultiplythisfurtherby10.
Notethaterrorswilloccurfordisplayshavingonlya few
cycles.
Usingtheformula:
#ofcyclesx " x 10MAG"value
Freq= Horizontaldistance(div)x SWEEPTIME/DIVsetting
Adjusttotheverticalscale
withPOSITION
Alignthewaveform
withthecenterusing
APOSITION
Pulselength
(at50%)
Fig. 16