Leica apMK12 User manual

Operation &
Installation
Manual
apMK12 Navigation System
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ap MK12 Operator’s Manual
ProductInformation
The model and serial number of your instrument are given on
the instrument. Enter the model and serial number in the
spaces provided below. Always refer to this information when
you contact your dealer.
MK12CDUSerialNo.:______________
MX421 GPSAntenna S/N: ______________
Doc.P/N 726226 July,2001
MK12 Navigation System
MK12 GPS
MK12 DGPS
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Symbols Used In This Manual
Danger
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
will result in death or serious injury.
Warning
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
could result in death or serious injury.
Caution
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may
resultin minoror moderateinjury and/orappreciable material,financial
and environmental damage. This symbol is also used to alert against
unsafe practices.
Important paragraphs which must be adhered to in practice, as they
enable the product to be used in a technically correct and efficient
manner.
This manual contains important safety directions as well as instruc-
tions for setting up the instrument and operating it. Read carefully
through the Operator’s Manual, Options Manual, and Installation &
Service Manual before you switch on the instrument.
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Scope Of This Manual
This manual reflects the software capabilities in version 1.5 software.
We have attempted to take care and develop manuals which provide
in-depth information. Where possible, we have attempted not only to
describe what you see on the screen, but how to understand and use
it as well. Obviously, we can’t teach you how to navigate, but we can
help make your work more thorough and enjoyable. Throughout the
manual, you will find helpful hints about the interaction of various
functions. In a piece of equipment that has the many capabilities of
this receiver, important details can sometimes become obscured in one
or two lines of text. In our effort to ensure you get the most out of this
documentation, and to protect against important details becoming lost,
don’t be surprised if you see the same or similar information more than
once.
This manual is organized by describing the special front panel features
first. The sections that follow detail each primary function as it is
presented on the front panel (i.e. NAV,RTE, WPT,PLOT, ...CFG).The
appedixes describe important details about special functions.
Appendix F talks about the installation and wiring interface between
the MK12 and the MX421 antenna.
We hope you find the manual enjoyable and informative reading. As
always, we welcome your comments on improving our products or
manuals. We wouldn’t mind if you wrote to tell us that we did the
job right the first time either. You can find a Reader Comment Card at
the back of the manual.
Related Documents
MK12Operator’s Quick Guide(726227)
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How To Contact Us
For Installation, Service and Technical Support:
Contact your local Leica dealer
For Sales of Accessories:
Contact your local Leica dealer
For Hardware and Software Upgrades:
Contact your local Leica dealer
Unlike many other consumer electronics industries that only sell con-
sumer electronic devices, your marine dealer is often your best advisor
for installation and service of your new GPS receiver. Leica strongly
encourages you to utilize the knowledge and experience of your sales
and service dealer.
Should you need to contact us directly, we can be reached at the
following for new sales, upgrades, repair service, or technical support:
International:
Leica Geosystems
GPS
23868Hawthorne Blvd.
Torrance,California90505
USA
+01-310-791-5300Telephone (International)
1-800-97-LEICA(1-800-975-3422)Telephone(USA)
+01-310-791-6108Fax
[email protected]
InEurope:
Leica Geosystems
A/S
Høkær12A
DK-2730Herlev
Denmark
[phone]Telephone
[phone]SalesFax
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Version 1.5 i
Table of Contents Operation & Installation Manual
Table of Contents
About GPS Navigation ................................................................................. 1
Special Notes.............................................................................................2
GPS ...................................................................................................2
DGPS ................................................................................................2
Charts and Navigational Aids .................................................. 2
FunctionalDescription................................................................................. 3
MK12 Configurations .............................................................................................3
MK12GPS .....................................................................................................3
MK12DGPS .................................................................................................. 3
DGPS Beacon System ................................................................................. 4
Keypad & Display Description ................................................................... 7
Differential GPS Traffic Light Operation:............................................ 8
Red Flashing.................................................................................. 8
Red/Yellow Solid..........................................................................8
Red Solid ........................................................................................8
Yellow/Green Solid ..................................................................... 8
Yellow Solid ..................................................................................9
Green Solid .................................................................................... 9
GPS Traffic Light Operation:...................................................................9
Red Flashing.................................................................................. 9
Red/Yellow Solid..........................................................................9
Red Solid ........................................................................................9
Yellow Solid ................................................................................10
Green Solid ..................................................................................10
The Display: ..............................................................................................10
The Softkeys: .................................................................................11
The Function Keys:..................................................................................11
Mark Position .................................................................11
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ii Version 1.5
Operation & Installation Manual Table of Contents
GOTO .................................................................................. 12
LIGHT .................................................................................12
POWER ON/OFF ...............................................................12
MAN OVER BOARD (MOB) ............................................13
E
E (EDIT)..............................................................................13
C
C (CLEAR) ..........................................................................14
CURSOR..............................................................................14
NAV
1
ABC FUNCTION......................................................................... 14
Navigate........................................................................................................ 16
Dead Reckoning ...................................................................................................17
NAV1 - The Panorama Screen............................................................................17
NAV2 - Basic Steering Information..................................................................20
NAV 3 - Expanded Navigation Information ...................................................21
NAV4 - Sensor Input Navigation.......................................................................22
Route.............................................................................................................. 26
RTE1 - The Active Route......................................................................................27
Creating a Route Using the GOTO Key:..............................................28
Erasing an Existing Route ....................................................................31
Creating a Multi-Waypoint Active Route .........................................32
Insert By Number ..................................................................................... 33
Choose in Bank........................................................................................34
Insert New Waypoint .............................................................................35
Insert Route............................................................................................... 36
Maneuvering Within the Route...........................................................37
Scrolling....................................................................................... 37
Skipping and Unpassing Waypoints....................................37
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Version 1.5 iii
Table of Contents Operation & Installation Manual
Inserting Waypoints or Routes into an Existing Route ..38
Reversing the Active Route.....................................................40
ETA Setup................................................................................................................41
SOG Based on Arrival Date & Time:....................................................42
ETA Based on Speed: .............................................................................42
RTE2 - The Route Bank ........................................................................................43
Waypoint....................................................................................................... 45
Creating and Editing Waypoints......................................................................46
Waypoint Lock/Unlock..........................................................................51
To Lock a Waypoint...................................................................52
To Unlock a Waypoint ..............................................................52
To Lock all Waypoints.............................................................. 53
To Unlock all Waypoints .........................................................53
Removing Waypoints...........................................................................................54
Moving waypoints................................................................................................55
Downloading Waypoints & Routes to Other Devices ................................57
Rnn - Routes:................................................................................57
RTE - Active Route: ....................................................................58
WPL - Waypoint Location - NMEA 0183 Standard: ...........59
WPL - Waypoint with Symbols & Description - NMEA 0183
Expanded:.......................................................................................................... 59
Downloading Waypoints to a Personal Computer.........................60
Uploading Waypoints from Other Devices ....................................................62
Uploading Waypoints from a Personal Computer ..........................63
Mark or Event.................................................................................... 65
GOTO ................................................................................................... 66
Plot ................................................................................................................. 69
PLOT 1 - Relative to Boat ....................................................................................71
Modifying the Active Route Using the Plot Screen.......................71
Customizing the Display........................................................................ 72
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iv Version 1.5
Operation & Installation Manual Table of Contents
PLOT 2 - Relative to Marker ...............................................................................75
Plot Screen Use Examples ................................................................................. 76
Station Keeping ....................................................................................... 76
Grid Search ...............................................................................................77
Man Over Board................................................................................ 78
Tide ................................................................................................................ 81
TIDE1 - Current Tide Display..............................................................................81
TIDE2 - Tide Table Port List................................................................................ 82
Adding a Port .........................................................................................................84
Auxiliary........................................................................................................ 85
AUX1 - Alarm Log ...................................................................................85
AUX2 - Speed Graph................................................................................86
AUX3 - Not Used.......................................................................................86
AUX4 - Sun Almanac ...............................................................................86
AUX5 - Moon Phases .............................................................................. 87
AUX6 - Batteries.......................................................................................87
AUX7 -Unit Information ..........................................................................88
Position ......................................................................................................... 89
POS1 - Position Display (Large) ........................................................................89
Loran-C .......................................................................................................90
UTM.............................................................................................................90
POS2 - Position, Altitude, Magnetic Variation, & Time..............................91
POS3 - Position & Log ..........................................................................................91
GPS ................................................................................................................ 93
GPS1 - GPS Status Screen...................................................................................93
GPS6-DGPSSTATUS ............................................................................................ 94
GPS7 - DGPS Messages .......................................................................................96
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Version 1.5 v
Table of Contents Operation & Installation Manual
Configuration................................................................................................ 97
Alarms ......................................................................................................................97
Anchor - Anchor Watch Alarm...........................................................................98
COG SOG - Course & Speed Filter Settings & Setup .....................................98
Compass - External Compass Input & Magnetic VariationTable...............99
Datum - Current Position Calculation............................................................. 100
Depth - NMEA Input Control .............................................................................101
DGPS - DGPS Configuration..............................................................................102
DR - Dead Reckoning .........................................................................................104
Dual Contr. - Dual Station Control....................................................................104
GPS - Elevation Mask Control ..........................................................................105
Init Pos - Initial Position Entry.......................................................................... 105
Language - Language Configuration ..............................................................106
Lighting - Display/Keyboard Light & Contrast Control................................107
Log - Speed Log Input (Pulse or NMEA 0183)................................................107
Log Pulses - GPS SOG Log Pulse Output........................................................ 108
MX480 - MX480 PC Chart Interface Control................................................... 109
Navigation - Navigation Method & Waypoint Pass Criterion Control.... 110
NMEA Out 1 & 2 - NMEA 0183 Output Data Control .....................................113
Other Special Cases Affecting NMEA 0183 Records:....................118
Operation - General Setup and Control Settings .........................................119
Organizer - Automated Message Reminders................................................ 120
Position - Positioning Reference, Mode, & Alarm Control........................ 121
Security..................................................................................................................124
Serial I/O................................................................................................................ 124
Set & Drift..............................................................................................................125
Time - Mode and Format Control .....................................................................126
Wind .......................................................................................................................127
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vi Version 1.5
Operation & Installation Manual Table of Contents
Wpt & Rte Input - Uploading Waypoints into the Receiver .......................128
Appendix A - Datum List.......................................................................... 129
Appendix B - Beacon List........................................................................ 130
Appendix C- Engineering Mode............................................................. 142
AUX7 - Unit Information & Self Test ................................................................142
CDU Cold Start - Clearing Memory to Factory Default................................144
GPS - GPS CDU Troubleshooting .....................................................................145
GPS3 - Visible Satellite Information..................................................145
GPS4 - GPS Position Uncertainty.....................................................................146
GPS5 - GPS Debug Screen ................................................................................146
Appendix D - Dual Control Head Mode ................................................ 149
Appendix E - Demonstration Mode ....................................................... 151
Appendix F - Installation Section.......................................................... 153
GENERAL ...............................................................................................................153
External Power............................................................................................153
CDU Grounding ............................................................................................154
ANTENNA INSTALLATION................................................................................. 155
Antenna Location ........................................................................................156
Antenna Options.......................................................................................... 156
External Beacon Receiver Connection ................................................. 157
NAVIGATOR INSTALLATION..............................................................................159
Gimbal Mounting.........................................................................................159
Flush Mounting............................................................................................160
Flush Mount Frame .....................................................................................161
Turning Power On and Off .........................................................................162
EQUIPMENT INTERFACING...............................................................................162
Speed Over Ground Pulse Output............................................................ 166
Alarm Output ................................................................................................166
Port 2: RS- 422 / RS- 232 Serial Interface ...............................................167
NMEA Interface........................................................................................... 168
MK12 NMEA 0183 Sentences ...................................................................169
NMEA Output Sentences........................................................................... 169
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Version 1.5 vii
Table of Contents Operation & Installation Manual
Input NMEA 0183 Sentences ....................................................................171
Viewing Input Data....................................................................................171
Dual Control (Remote) Interface ............................................................173
Troubleshooting Guide .....................................................................................175
Memory Backup Battery ...................................................................................176
Appendix G - Technical Specifications ............................................... 177
Glossary ...................................................................................................... 183
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viii Version 1.5
Operation & Installation Manual Table of Contents
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Version 1.5 1
About GPS Navigation Operation & Installation Manual
About GPS Navigation
This GPS receiver is a precision navigation instrument utilizing the
latest technology available today to provide optimum performance
from the GPS satellite and Beacon land signals received. As with all
other forms of radio signals, the ultimate navigation result is depen-
dent upon the quality of these signals. Radio signals may, on occa-
sion, be distorted, jammed, or otherwise incorrect. As a result, your
position accuracy may occasionally be less than that which can nor-
mally be expected.
The Navstar Global Positioning System, commonly referred to as GPS,
is a satellite navigation system developed by the U.S. Department of
Defense to provide both military and civilian users with highly accu-
rate, worldwide, three dimensional navigation and time. By receiving
signals from orbiting GPS satellites, authorized users are able to con-
tinuously navigate with an accuracy on the order of 16 meters or bet-
ter, while civilian users are limited to accuracy’s of approximately 30
meters 2D RMS.
A technique referred to as Differential GPS (DGPS), allows users to
obtainmaximum accuracyfrom theGPS system.DGPS requirestheuse
of two GPS receivers. One receiver, known as the Reference Station,is
placed at a surveyed location, the coordinates of which are precisely
known. The purpose of the differential GPS system is to use the refer-
ence station to measure the errors in the GPS signals and to compute
corrections to remove the errors. The corrections are then communi-
cated in real-time to the navigators, where they are combined with the
satellite signals received by the navigators, thereby improving their
navigation or positioning. The geographic validity of these correc-
tions decreases with distance from the reference station, but the cor-
rections are valid for navigators hundreds of kilometers from the refer-
ence station.
Marine radio beacons operating in the 283.5 to 325.0 KHz frequency
range are in widespread use for direction finding in coastal navigation.
Because the beacon system has been in place and widely used for
many years, it provides an effective means for the transmission of
DGPS signals. Depending on their local environment and power out-
put, their signals may be usable to several hundred miles. Marine bea-
cons provide an economical means of obtaining DGPS accuracy for
coastal navigators. GPS receivers with built-in beacon receivers are
designed to provide low cost reception of DGPS corrections broad-
cast (normally free of charge) by coastal authorities.
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2Version 1.5
Operation & Installation Manual Functional Description
Special Notes
GPS Never rely solely on any single navigational aid.Always use whatever
information is available, and cross-check information when possible.
GPS expected position accuracy is better than 30 meters (95% of the
time) but may be up to 100 meters occasionally. The derived speed and
course readings may be hampered accordingly. The GPS system was
declared operational in 1994; however, the system’s availability and
accuracy are subject to change at the discretion of the US Department
of Defense.
DGPS ThisGPS receiver’s position accuracy is improved to 5 meters or better
for 95% of the time, subject to the availability,accuracy, and control of
the DGPS correction transmission from the Beacon Station, or other
reference station connected at the time of usage.
The differential GPS position is that of the navigator GPS antenna, and
not that of the beacon antenna, if a separate beacon antenna is in use.
In addition, the beacon radio signal which carries the DGPS correc-
tions may be hampered by weather conditions such as heavy rain,
snow, and thunder storms. The beacon radio signal may also be inter-
rupted by powerful radio transmitters operating in long wavelength
bands.
Charts and Navigational Aids
Positions obtained from charts are not always as accurate as your
navigator (due to environmental changes, the dates of charts, and
datum offsets if the datum differs from the one in use by the naviga-
tor). The position of a floating aid can differ due to tide, set and drift.
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Version 1.5 3
Functional Description Operation & Installation Manual
Functional Description
MK12 Configurations
The MK12 Navigation System is available in two basic configurations.
Described below are the MK12 configurations and their differences.
MK12 GPS
This is a basic MK12 Control and Display Unit (CDU) model with two
(2) bidirectional user NMEA ports. This model is supplied with an
MX421 GPS only smart antenna. The MX421 antenna can achieve
autonomous GPS accuracy better than 3 meters.
MK12 DGPSThis is a basic MK12 CDU supplied with a combined GPS and Beacon
smart antenna (MX421B). The MX421B DGPS unit can achieve sub-
meter accuracy in areas with good beacon differential coverage.
Note: In general, this manual will refer to all versions
ofthisproduct linesimplyastheMK12CDU,CDU
or navigator. Where distinction between mod-
els is necessary, the particular model type will
be indicated.
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4Version 1.5
Operation & Installation Manual DGPS
DGPS Beacon System
As Maritime SafetyAdministrations, Navy, and Coast Guard Organi-
zations realize the limitations of standard GPS positioning, many have
begun installing DGPS Beacon Stations. While an understanding of
this system is not necessary for operating receivers with internal bea-
con receivers, you may want to read on to have a better understanding
of how your receiver is capable of achieving the high levels of accu-
racy made possible by this network of transmitters.
The DGPS Beacon System is comprised of three segments: the refer-
ence station, Integrity Monitor (IM) equipment located at the beacon
site, and the Navigator equipment located on board the user’s boat or
vehicle. The DGPS beacon system design is illustrated below.
5271-01C.500
Navigator Site
NA V
PLOT
POS
E
TIDE
GP S
CFG
RTE
AUX
DGP S
C
WPT
MX400 Professional DGPSNavigator
MX 50M
DGPS Beacon Modulator
MX9400R
DGP S Refere nce
Reference Station Site
MX9400N
DGP S Navig at or
MX 51R
Integrity Monitor Site
Surveyors / Commercial
Users Professional / Commercial /
Personal Craft Users
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Version 1.5 5
DGPS Operation & Installation Manual
Because of the limited range of the beacon transmitters, typically 150
to 400 km, the corrections generated by the reference station are al-
ways valid for users who can receive the correction signals and main-
tain a 5 meter or better accuracy figure.
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6Version 1.5
Operation & Installation Manual DGPS
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Version 1.5 7
Keypad & Display Description Operation & Installation Manual
Keypad & Display Description
NA V
PLOT
POS
E
TIDE
GP S
CFG
RTE
AUX
AIS
C
WPT
6289-01A.400
Traffic
LightsFunction KeysDisplay
Softkeys CursorKey
Refer to the illustration above. The Traffic Lights on the left side of
the display will tell you how your navigator is operating.
Note: You need to take care in reading the traffic
light indications, as there are overlapping
possibilities between the GPS and DGPS
modes. If you are unsure of the current
operating mode, select the CFG function
key and scroll down to the DGPS selection.
If the DGPS mode is selected to anything
other than Off, then follow the Differential
GPS Traffic Light Operation. If the DGPS
mode is selected to Off, then follow the GPS
Traffic Light Operation.
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