Leica DM2000 User manual

Leica DM2000
Leica DM2500
Operating manual
Bedienungsanleitung
Mode d’emploi
MICROSYSTEMS

Phone/Tel./Tél. [phone]
Fax [phone]
E-mail/Email/Courriel MQM-Hotline@leica-
microsystems.com
Published September 2004 by/
Herausgegeben September 2004 von/
Publiée en septembre 2004 par :
Leica Microsystems Wetzlar GmbH
Ernst-Leitz-Strasse
D-35578 Wetzlar (Germany)
Responsible for contents/
Verantwortlich für den Inhalt/
Responsable du contenu rédactionnel/
Dr. Jasna Röth, Peter Schmitt
(Clinical Microscopy, Product Management)
Holger Grasse
(Safety Officer according to MPG §30/
Sicherheitsbeauftragter nach MPG §30/
Responsable de la sécurité conformément à la loi
relative aux dispositifs médicaux, §30)
In case of questions, please contact the hotline/
Bei Fragen wenden Sie sich bitte an die Hotline/
Pour toute question, contacter notre service
d’assistance téléphonique :

3
Leica DM2000
Leica DM2500
Operating Manual

4
Copyrights
Copyrights
All rights to this documentation are held by
Leica Microsystems Wetzlar GmbH. Reproduc-
tion of text or illustrations (in whole or in part) by
print, photocopy, microfilm or other method (in-
cluding electronic systems) is not allowed with-
out express written permission from Leica
Microsystems Wetzlar GmbH.
The term "Windows" can be used in the follow-
ing text without further identification. It is a reg-
istered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation.
Otherwise, no inference with regard to the free
usability of product names may be drawn from
the use of those names.
The instructions contained in the following
documentation reflect state-of-the-art technol-
ogy and knowledge standards. We have com-
piled the texts and illustrations as accurately as
possible. Nevertheless, no liability of any kind
may be assumed for the accuracy of this manu-
al’s contents. Still, we are always grateful for
comments and suggestions regarding potential
mistakes within this documentation.
The information in this manual is subject to modifi-
cation at any time and without notification.

5
Contents
8.4 Tubes ........................................................... 43
8.5 Eyepieces.................................................... 44
8.6 Objectives ................................................... 45
8.7 Light Sources ............................................. 46
8.8 Aperture Diaphragm ................................. 47
8.9 Field Diaphragm ......................................... 48
9. Contrasting Methods ................................ 49
9.1 Transmitted Light....................................... 49
9.1.1 Brightfield......................................... 50
9.1.2 Phase Contrast................................ 51
9.1.3 Darkfield ........................................... 51
9.1.4 Oblique Illumination ....................... 52
9.1.5 Polarization ...................................... 52
9.1.6 Differential
Interference Contrast .................... 53
9.2 Fluorescence.............................................. 55
10. Measurements with the Microscope ... 56
10.1 Linear Measurements .............................. 56
10.2 Thickness Measurements ....................... 57
10.3 Differentiation of Gout / Pseudo Gout ... 58
11. Troubleshooting ........................................ 60
12. Care of the Microscope ........................... 64
12.1 Dust Cover .................................................. 64
12.2 Cleaning....................................................... 64
12.3 Handling Acids and Bases ...................... 65
12.4 Changing Fuses.......................................... 65
13. Essential Wear and Spare Parts............ 66
14. Retrofitting Components.......................... 67
14.1 Fitting the Filter Magazine
(Transmitted Light) .................................... 67
14.2 Equipping the Condenser Disc................ 67
15. Index ............................................................ 70
16. EU Declaration of Conformity................. 71
Contents
1. Important Notes about this Manual ...... 6
2. Intended Purpose of Microscopes ........ 7
3. Safety Notes ............................................... 8
3.1 General Safety Notes ............................... 8
3.2 Electrical Safety ........................................ 8
4. Overview of the Instrument .................... 10
5. Unpacking the Microscope .................... 15
6. Assembling the Microscope .................. 17
6.1 Stage ............................................................ 17
6.2 Condenser................................................... 19
6.3 Tube and Eyepieces.................................. 20
6.4 Objectives ................................................... 20
6.5 Light Source - Transmitted Light Axis ... 20
6.6 Components for Fluorescence
Applications................................................ 23
6.6.1 Fluorescence Illuminator .............. 23
6.6.2 106 z Lamp Housing........................ 23
6.6.3 Equipping the
Fluorescence Turret Disk.............. 26
6.7 Analyzer and Polarizer ............................ 27
6.8 Lambda Plate Compensator .................... 28
6.9 DIC Prisms .................................................. 28
6.10 Optional Accessories ............................... 28
6.11 Connection to the Power Supply............ 30
7. Start-up........................................................ 31
7.1 Switching on the Microscope................. 31
7.2 Köhler Illumination .................................... 31
7.3 Checking Phase Contrast Rings ............. 33
7.4 Adjustment of Condenser Prisms........... 34
7.5 Adjusting the Light Sources .................... 36
8. Operation .................................................... 40
8.1 Switching on............................................... 40
8.2 Stages and Object Displacement........... 40
8.3 Focusing ...................................................... 41

6
1. Important Notes about this Manual
(1.2)
→ p.20
!
*
Numbers in parentheses, such as "(1.2)", corre-
spond to illustrations (in the example, Figure 1,
Item 2).
Numbers with pointer arrows (for example
→p.20), point to a certain page of this manual.
Caution!
Special safety instructions within this
manual are indicated with the triangle sym-
bol shown here, and have a gray back-
ground.
Caution! The microscope and accessories can
be damaged when operated incorrectly.
Explanatory note.
Item not contained in all configurations.
Text symbols, pictograms and their meanings:
Caution!
This operating manual is an essential com-
ponent of the microscope, and must be read
carefully before the microscope is as-
sembled, put into operation or used.
1. Important Notes about this Manual
This operating manual contains important in-
structions and information for the operational
safety and maintenance of the microscope and
accessories. Therefore, it must be kept and
taken care of.

7
2. Intended Purpose of Microscopes
2. Intended Purpose of Microscopes
The Leica DM2000 and DM2500 microscopes, to
which this user manual belongs, are designed
for biological routine and research applications.
This includes the examination of samples taken
from the human body with a view to provide in-
formation on physiological or pathological
states or congenital abnormalities, or to deter-
mine the safety and compatibility with potential re-
cipients, or to monito therapeutic measures.
All the above-named microscopes comply with
the Council Directive 98/79/EEC concerning in
vitro diagnostics. They also conform to the
Council Directives 73/23/EEC concerning electri-
cal apparatus and 89/336/EEC concerning elec-
tromagnetic compatibility for use in an industrial
environment.
Caution!
The manufacturer assumes no liability for
damage caused by, or any risks arising from
using the microscopes for other purposes
than those for which they are intended or
not using them within the specifications of
Leica Microsystems Wetzlar GmbH.
In such cases the conformity declaration
shall cease to be valid.
Caution!
These (IVD) devices are not intended for use
in the patient environment defined by DIN
VDE 0100-710. Neither are they intended for
combining with medical devices according
to EN 60601-1. If a microscope is electrically
connected to a medical device according to
EN 60601-1, the requirements defined in
EN 60601-1-1 shall apply.

8
3. Safety Notes
3.1 General Safety Notes
This safety class 1 device is constructed and
tested in accordance with
EN 61010-2-101:2002,
EN 61010-1:2001,
IEC 1010-1:2001,
safety regulations for electrical measuring, con-
trol, and laboratory devices.
Caution!
In order to maintain this condition and to en-
sure safe operation, the user must follow the
instructions and warnings contained in this
operating manual.
Caution!
The devices and accessories described in
this operating manual have been tested for
safety and potential hazards.
The responsible Leica affiliate or the main
plant in Wetzlar, Germany must be consulted
whenever the device is altered, modified or
used in conjunction with non-Leica compo-
nents that are outside of the scope of this
manual.
Unauthorized alterations to the device or
noncompliant use shall void all rights to any
warranty claims!
3. Safety Notes
3.2 Electrical Safety
General Specifications
Microscope
For indoor use only.
Supply voltage:
Frequency:
Power input:
DM2000
DM2500
Fuses:
Ambient temperature:
Relative humidity:
Overvoltage category:
Pollution degree:
Caution!
The power plug may only be plugged into an
outlet equipped with a grounding contact.
Do not interfere with the grounding function
by using an extension cord without a ground
wire. Any interruption of the ground wire in-
side or outside of the device, or release of
the ground wire connection, can cause the
device to become hazardous. Intentional
ground interruption is not permitted!
90-250 V~
50-60 Hz
90 W
160 W
F 3,15 A 250 V
15-35°C
max. 80% to 30°C
II
2

9
3. Safety Notes
Caution!
Protect the microscope from excessive tem-
perature fluctuations. Such fluctuations can
lead to the accumulation of condensation,
which can damage the electrical and optical
components.
Ambient temperature: 15-35°C.
Caution!
Before exchanging the fuses or lamps, be
absolutely certain to switch off the main
power switch and remove the power cable.
Caution!
Through activating to the grounding connec-
tion (earth screw at the back of the stand)
ancillary equipment with its own and/or ex-
tra power supply may be brought to the
same ground wire potential. For connections
without a ground connector, Leica Service
must be consulted.
Caution!
Never use any fuses as replacements other
than those of the types and the current rat-
ings listed here. Using patched fuses or
bridging the fuse holder is not permitted.
The use of incorrect fuses may result in a
fire hazard.
Caution!
The microscope’s electrical accessory com-
ponents are not protected against water.
Water can cause electric shock.

10
4. Overview of the Instrument
Specification
Contrast Method
Transmitted Light Axis
Incident Light Axis
Tube
Magnification Changer
(optional)
Objective Turret
X/Y Stage
Leica DM2000
Integrated halogen illumination
manual adjustment of
•Light intensity
•Aperture diaphragm
•Field diaphragm
Leica DM2500
Lamp Housing
Manual adjustment of
•Light intensity
•Aperture diaphragm
•Field diaphragm
•Transmitted Light: Brightfield, Darkfield, Phase Contrast,
Polarization, Differential Interference Contrast
•Incident Light: Fluorescence
Incident-light fluorescence illuminator for up to eyepiece field
number 22 with
•5-filter turret disk
•Centerable aperture and field diaphragm
•Light trap for the suppression of extraneous light
•N4 neutral filter and shutter, switchable
optionally with
•Fixed or variable viewing angle
•Up to 3 switching positions
•One or two camera ports
•Ergotube with height-adjustable eye level and camera port
•Manual
•Magnification steps: 1x; 1.5x; 2x
•Manual
•6-fold or 7-fold for objectives with M25 thread
•Objective prism slide
•With condenser holder
•Coaxial pinion, optional: telescopable
•Controls mountable on left or right
4. Overview of the Instrument

11
4. Overview of the Instrument
Specification
Condenser
Focusing
Leica DM2000 Leica DM2500
•DM2000 only: CL/PH 0.90/1.25 OIL condenser with color coding
•DM2000 only: CLP/PH 0.85 condenser for polarization
•Achr.apl. A 0.9 (P) condenser with swivelable condenser head
•UCL 0.90/1.25 OIL universal condenser (UCLP 0.85 for polarization
with 5-position light ring disk)
•UCL/P pol. universal condenser with interchangeable condenser
head and condenser disk with 6 positions
•Focus wheel for coarse and fine focusing
•Height adjustment
•Speed switch (optional)
•Focus stop and torque adjustment

12
4. Overview of the Instrument
Fig. 1 Left side of the stand Leica DM2000
1Coarse and fine focusing
2Condenser height adjustment
3Brightness control
4Field diaphragm
5Aperture diaphragm
6Condenser
7Analyzer slot
5
4
123
6
7

13
4. Overview of the Instrument
Fig. 2 Right side of the stand Leica DM2000
1Eyepiece
2Eyepiece tube
3Tube
4Slot for objective prism slide
5Objective turret with objectives
6Specimen stage with specimen holder
7Integrated illumination
8On/Off switch
9Condenser height adjustment
10 Coarse and fine focusing
11 Coaxial pinion for x/y stage movement
1
2
3
4
5
7810 11
9
6

14
4. Overview of the Instrument
Fig. 3 Left side of the stand Leica DM2500
1Lamp housing
2Coarse and fine focusing
3Brightness control
4Condenser height adjustment
5Field diaphragm adjustment
6On/Off switch
7Field diaphragm
8Coaxial pinion for x/y stage movement
9Aperture diaphragm
12356
14
18
12
13
11
10
9
8
74
15
16
17
10 Condenser disk
11 Condenser
12 Specimen stage with specimen holder
13 Objective turret with objectives
14 Objective prism slide
15 Tube
16 Eyepiece tube
17 Eyepiece
18 Analyzer

15
5. Unpacking the Microscope
First, carefully remove all components from the
transportation and packaging materials.
Note:
If at all possible, avoid touching the lens sur-
faces of the objectives. If fingerprints do appear
on the glass surfaces, remove them with a soft
leather or linen cloth. Even small traces of finger
perspiration can damage the surfaces in a short
time. See the chapter "Care of the Microscope"
→
p. 64, for additional instructions.
Caution!
Do not yet connect the microscope and pe-
ripherals to the power supply at this point!
Installation Location
Work with the microscope should be performed
in a dust-free room, which is free of oil vapors
and other chemical vapors, as well as extreme
humidity. At the workplace, large temperature
fluctuations, direct sunlight and vibrations
should be avoided. These conditions can distort
measurements and micrographic images.
Allowable ambient conditions
Temperature 15-35°C
Relative humidity maximum 80% up to 30°C
Microscopes in warm and warm-damp climatic
zones require special care in order to prevent
the build up of fungus.
See the chapter "Care of the Microscope" →
p. 64,
for additional instructions.
Caution!
Electrical components must be placed at least
10 cm away from the wall and away from
flammable substances.
5. Unpacking the Microscope

16
5. Unpacking the Microscope
Transport
For shipping or transporting the microscope
and its accessory components, the original
packaging should be used.
As a precaution to prevent damage from vibra-
tions, the following components should be dis-
assembled and packaged separately:
•Unscrew the objectives.
•Remove the condenser.
•Remove the coaxial pinion.
•Remove the lamp housings.
•Disassemble the burner of 106 z lamp housing.
•Remove all moving or loose parts.

17
6. Assembly
!
Fig. 4 Specimen stage with specimen holder
1Lock screws for specimen holder
The microscope components are logically as-
sembled in this order:
•Stage
•Condenser
•Fluorescence*
•Intermediate systems*
•Tube
•Eyepieces
•Objectives
•Lamp housings with light sources
•Polarization*
Only one commonly used screwdriver is
necessary for assembly, which is included in
the delivery package.
The tool can be stored on a magnetic retainer
on the underside of the stage at the right.
When using intermediate systems and optical
accessories, the sequence may vary.
In this case, read Chapter
"6.10 Optional Accessories" →p. 28.
6.1 Stage
Caution:
Before completing the stage, make sure no ob-
jectives are installed!
Specimen Holder
•Place the specimen holder on the stage and
fasten it with the two screws (4.1).
Coaxial Pinion
Note:
The coaxial pinion can be mounted on the left-
or right-hand side.
1
6. Assembling the Microscope

18
6. Assembly
•First, place the fine focus wheel on the side to
which you intend to mount the coaxial pinion.
The wheel is held in place magnetically (5.1).
Ensure that the button snaps into place.
Attach the other focus knob on the opposite
side.
•Loosen the lock screw (6.1) at the front left-
hand side of the stage.
•Slide the stage as far back as possible.
•Attach the coaxial pinion with the screw (7.1).
•Pull the stage forward and retighten the lock
screw.
Fig. 7 Coaxial pinion installation
1Mounting screw for coaxial pinion
1
1
Fig. 5 Focus wheel
1Magnetic retainer for fine focus wheel
Fig. 6 Underside of stage
1Lock screw
1

19
6. Assembly
1
2
11
3
2
1
3
1
6.2 Condenser
•If present, screw the condenser head into the
condenser.
•Using the condenser height adjuster (10.3),
turn the condenser holder (fig. 9) completely
downward.
•Unscrew the clamping screw for the con-
denser (10.2) far enough so that the
condenser can be inserted from the front.
•From the front, insert the condenser into the
condenser holder as far as it will go. On the
underside of the condenser, there is an orien-
tation pin (8.1), which must be located in the
guiding notch (9.1).
•Pull the condenser’s clamping screw (910.2)
so that the condenser is locked in place.
Fig. 10 Condenser holder
1Condenser centering
2Clamping screw for condenser
3Condenser height adjuster
Fig. 9 Condenser holder
1Guiding notch
Note:
The condenser must be centered before using
the microscope.
→
Köhler illumination p. 31.
Fig. 8 Underside of condenser(example CL/PH)
1Orientation pin
2Auxiliary condenser lens LS (for Leica DM2000)

20
6. Assembly
6.3 Tube and Eyepieces
Note:
For fluorescence applications, install the
fluorescence illuminator first →
p. 23.
The tube is mounted to the stand either directly or
with the use of intermediate modules. It is
fastened in place with the side clamping screw
(11.1).
•Loosen the clamping screw (11.1) on the
stand.
•Insert the tube in the circular receptacle
(dovetail ring).
•Retighten the clamping screw (11.1).
•The eyepieces are inserted into the eyepiece
tubes on the tube.
Fig. 11 Fastening the tube
1Clamping screw
1
!
6.4 Objectives
Always only use Leica objectives of tube length
× (infinity)! The standard thread is M25. The
objectives should be arranged so that the
magnification increases when the objective
nosepiece is rotated counterclockwise.
Attention:
Lower the specimen stage as far as possible
before assembling the objectives. Close vacant
threads in the nosepiece with dust protection
caps!
6.5 Light Source for the Transmitted Light Axis
Caution!
Be sure that the lamp housing is discon-
nected from the power supply. Unplug the
power plug and the power supply during as-
sembly.
Caution!
Light sources pose a potential irradiation
risk (glare, UV-radiation, IR-radiation).
Therefore, lamps have to be operated in
closed housings.