Moxa Technologies DA-660 Series User manual

DA-660-8/16-LX User’s Manual
Seventh Edition, February 2009
www.moxa.com/product
©2009 Moxa Inc. All rights reserved.
Reproduction without permission is prohibited.

DA-660-8/16-LX User’s Manual
The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in
accordance with the terms of that agreement.
Copyright Notice
Copyright ©2009 Moxa Inc
All rights reserved.
Reproduction without permission is prohibited.
Trademarks
MOXA is a registered trademark of Moxa Inc.
All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers.
Disclaimer
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the
part of Moxa.
Moxa provides this document “as is,” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but
not limited to, its particular purpose. Moxa reserves the right to make improvements and/or changes to this
manual, or to the products and/or the programs described in this manual, at any time.
Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable. However, Moxa assumes no
responsibility for its use, or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from its use.
This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the
information herein to correct such errors, and these changes are incorporated into new editions of the
publication.
Technical Support Contact Information
www.moxa.com/support
Moxa Americas:
Toll-free: 1-888-669-2872
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Moxa China (Shanghai office):
Toll-free: 800-820-5036
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Moxa Europe:
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Moxa Asia-Pacific:
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction..................................................................................................1-1
Overview.................................................................................................................................. 1-2
Software Architecture .............................................................................................................. 1-2
Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2).......................................................................... 1-3
Software Package ......................................................................................................... 1-4
Chapter 2 Getting Started.............................................................................................2-1
Powering on the DA-660......................................................................................................... 2-2
Connecting the DA-660 to a PC .............................................................................................. 2-2
Serial Console............................................................................................................... 2-2
Telnet Console.............................................................................................................. 2-3
SSH Console................................................................................................................. 2-4
Configuring the Ethernet Interface .......................................................................................... 2-5
Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console.................................................. 2-5
Modifying Network Settings over the Network............................................................ 2-6
Test Program—Developing Hello.c......................................................................................... 2-6
Installing the Tool Chain (Linux)................................................................................. 2-7
Checking the Flash Memory Space.............................................................................. 2-7
Compiling Hello.c ........................................................................................................ 2-8
Uploading and Running the “Hello” Program.............................................................. 2-8
Developing Your First Application .......................................................................................... 2-9
Testing Environment .................................................................................................... 2-9
Compiling tcps2.c......................................................................................................... 2-9
Uploading and Running the “tcps2-release” Program................................................ 2-10
Testing Procedure Summary....................................................................................... 2-13
Chapter 3 Managing Embedded Linux ........................................................................3-1
System Version Information..................................................................................................... 3-2
System Image Backup.............................................................................................................. 3-2
Upgrading the Firmware............................................................................................... 3-2
Loading Factory Defaults............................................................................................. 3-4
Enabling and Disabling Daemons............................................................................................ 3-4
Setting the Run-level ............................................................................................................... 3-6
Adjusting the System Time...................................................................................................... 3-7
Setting the Time Manually ........................................................................................... 3-7
NTP Client.................................................................................................................... 3-8
Updating the Time Automatically ................................................................................ 3-8
Cron—Daemon to Execute Scheduled Commands ................................................................. 3-9
Timezone Setting................................................................................................................... 3-10
Chapter 4 Managing Communications........................................................................4-1
Telnet / FTP ............................................................................................................................. 4-2
DNS ......................................................................................................................................... 4-2
Web Service—Apache............................................................................................................. 4-3
IPTABLES............................................................................................................................... 4-5
NAT.......................................................................................................................................... 4-9
NAT Example............................................................................................................... 4-9
Enabling NAT at Bootup............................................................................................ 4-10
Dial-up Service—PPP............................................................................................................ 4-10

PPPoE.................................................................................................................................... 4-13
NFS (Network File System)................................................................................................... 4-15
Setting up the DA-660 as a NFS Server ..................................................................... 4-15
Setting up the DA-660 as a NFS Client...................................................................... 4-16
Mail........................................................................................................................................ 4-17
SNMP .................................................................................................................................... 4-17
OpenVPN............................................................................................................................... 4-18
Chapter 5 Programmer’s Guide....................................................................................5-1
Flash Memory Map.................................................................................................................. 5-2
Linux Tool Chain Introduction................................................................................................. 5-2
Debugging with GDB..............................................................................................................5-3
Device API............................................................................................................................... 5-4
RTC (Real Time Clock)...........................................................................................................5-4
Buzzer...................................................................................................................................... 5-4
WDT (Watch Dog Timer) ........................................................................................................ 5-5
UART....................................................................................................................................... 5-9
LCM....................................................................................................................................... 5-10
KeyPad....................................................................................................................................5-11
Makefile Example...................................................................................................................5-11
Appendix A System Commands.....................................................................................A-1
Linux normal command utility collection............................................................................... A-1
File Manager................................................................................................................ A-1
Editor........................................................................................................................... A-1
Network....................................................................................................................... A-1
Process.........................................................................................................................A-2
Other............................................................................................................................ A-2
Moxa Special Utilities ................................................................................................. A-2

1
1
Chapter 1 Introduction
Welcome to the DA-660 RISC-based Communication Platforms. Features include RS-232/422/485
serial ports, and dual 10/100 Mbps Ethernet ports, making the DA-660 ideal for your embedded
applications.
The following topics are covered in this chapter:
Overview
Software Architecture
¾Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2)
¾Software Package

DA-660-8/16-LX User’s Manual Introduction
1-2
Overview
The DA-660 computer is ideal for embedded applications. This computer features a RISC CPU,
RAM memory, and communication ports that connect to RS-232/422/485 serial devices and dual
10/100 Mbps Ethernet.
The Da-660 computer uses an Intel XScale IXP-422 266 Mhz RISC CPU. Unlike the X86 CPU,
which uses a CISC design, the RISC architecture and modern semiconductor technology provide
this computer with a powerful computing engine and communication functions, but without
generating a lot of heat. Built-in 32 MB NOR Flash ROM and 128 MB SDRAM give you enough
memory to install your application software directly on the computer. In addition, dual LAN ports
are built right into the RISC CPU. The network capability, in combination with its control over
serial devices, makes the Da-660 an ideal communication platform for data acquisition and
industrial control applications.
DA-660’s pre-installed Linux operating system (OS) provides an open software operating system
for your software program development. Software written for desktop PCs can be easily ported to
the computer with a GNU cross compiler, without needing to modify the source code. The OS,
device drivers (e.g., Keypad, LCM, and Buzzer control) and your own applications, can all be
stored in the NOR Flash memory.
The DA-660 Linux Series (referred to as DA-660, or the target computer) comes in two models:
the DA-660-8-LX has 8 serial ports, and the DA-660-16-LX has 16 serial ports. Both models have
exactly the same software and hardware features.
Software Architecture
The Linux operating system that is pre-installed in the DA-660 follows standard Linux
architecture, making it easy to accept programs that follow the POSIX standard. Program porting
is done with the GNU Tool Chain provided by Moxa. In addition to Standard POSIXAPIs, device
drivers for the LCM, Buzzer and Keypad controls, and UART are also included in the Linux OS.
AP
API
Protocol
Stack
Device
Driver
Microkernel
User Application Daemon (Apache, Telnet, FTPD, SNMP)
Application Interface (POSIX, Socket, Secure Socket)
TCP, IP, UDP, CMP, ARP, HTTP, SNMP, SMTP
PCMCIA, CF, WLAN, USB, UART, RTC, LCM, Keypad
Memory control, Schedule, Process
RS-232/422/485, Ethernet, PCMCIA, CompactFlash, USB
File
System
Hardware
lenreKSO
The DA-660’s built-in Flash ROM is partitioned into Boot Loader, Linux Kernel, Mini Root
File System, and User Root File System partitions.

DA-660-8/16-LX User’s Manual Introduction
1-3
In order to prevent user applications from crashing the
Root File System, the DA-660 uses a specially designed
Mini File System with Protected Configuration for
emergency use. This Mini File System comes with serial
and Ethernet communication capability for users to load
the Factory Default Image file. The Mini File System
will only be activated if the boot loader fails to load the
User Root File System.
User AP
User Directory
(User Configuration) Mini Root File System Configuration
Linux Kernel & Root
HW
Boot Loader
To improve system reliability, the DA-660 has a built-in mechanism that prevents the system from
crashing. The procedure is as follows.
When the Linux kernel boots up, the kernel will mount the root file system, and then enable
services and daemons. During this time, the kernel will start searching for system configuration
parameters via rc or inittab.
Normally, the kernel uses the User Root File System to boot up the system. The Mini Root File
System is protected, and cannot be changed by the user, and thus provides a safe zone. The kernel
will only use the Mini Root File System when the User Root File System crashes.
For more information about the memory map and programming in DA-660, refer to Chapter 5,
Programmer’s Guide.
Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2)
The User Root File System in the flash memory is formatted with the Journaling Flash File
System (JFFS2). The formatting process places a compressed file system in the flash memory,
transparent to the user.
The Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2), which was developed byAxis Communications in
Sweden, places a file system directly on the flash, instead of emulating a block device. It is
designed for use on flash-ROM chips and recognizes the special write requirements of a
flash-ROM chip. JFFS2 implements wear-leveling to extend the life of the flash disk, and stores
the flash directory structure in the RAM. A log-structured file system is maintained at all times.
The system is always consistent, even if it encounters crashes or improper power-downs, and does
not require fsck (file system check) on boot-up.
JFFS2 is the newest version of JFFS. It provides improved wear-leveling and garbage-collection
performance, improved RAM footprint and response to system-memory pressure, improved
concurrency and support for suspending flash erases, marking of bad sectors with continued use of
the remaining good sectors that enhances the write-life of the devices, native data compression
inside the file system design, and support for hard links.
The key features of JFFS2 are:
yTargets the Flash ROM directly
yRobustness
yConsistency across power failures
yNo integrity scan (fsck) is required at boot time after normal or abnormal shutdown
yExplicit wear leveling
yTransparent compression
Although JFFS2 is a journaling file system, it does not exclude the loss of data. The file system
will remain in a consistent state across power failures and will always be mountable. However, if
the board is powered down during a write operation, then the incomplete write operation will be
rolled back on the next boot, but write operations that have already been completed will not be

DA-660-8/16-LX User’s Manual Introduction
1-4
affected.
Additional information about JFFS2 is available at:
http://sources.redhat.com/jffs2/jffs2.pdf
http://developer.axis.com/software/jffs/
http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/
Software Package
Boot Loader Redboot (V1.92)
Kernel Monta Vista embedded Linux 2.4.18
Protocol Stack ARP, PPP, CHAP, PAP, IPv4, ICMP, TCP, UDP, DHCP, FTP, SNMP
V1/V3, HTTP, NTP, NFS, SMTP, SSH 1.0/2.0, SSL, Telnet, PPPoE,
OpenVPN
File System JFFS2, NFS, Ext2, Ext3, VFAT/FAT
OS shell command bash
Busybox Linux normal command utility collection
Utilities
tinylogin login and user manager utility
telnet telnet client program
ftp FTP client program
smtpclient email utility
scp Secure file transfer Client Program
Daemons
pppd dial in/out over serial port daemon
snmpd snmpd agent daemon
telnetd telnet server daemon
inetd TCP server manager program
ftpd ftp server daemon
apache web server daemon
sshd secure shell server
nfs-user-server network file system server
openvpn virtual private network
openssl open SSL
Linux Tool Chain
GCC (V3.3.2) C/C++ PC Cross Compiler
GDB (V5.3) Source Level Debug Server
Glibc (V2.2.5) POSIX standard C library

2
2
Chapter 2 Getting Started
In this chapter, we explain how to connect the DA-660, turn on the power, and then get started
using the programming and other functions.
The following topics are covered in this chapter:
Powering on the DA-660
Connecting the DA-660 to a PC
¾Serial Console
¾Telnet Console
¾SSH Console
Configuring the Ethernet Interface
¾Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console
¾Modifying Network Settings over the Network
Test Program—Developing Hello.c
¾Installing the Tool Chain (Linux)
¾Checking the Flash Memory Space
¾Compiling Hello.c
¾Uploading and Running the “Hello” Program
Developing Your First Application
¾Testing Environment
¾Compiling tcps2.c
¾Uploading and Running the “tcps2-release” Program
¾Testing Procedure Summary

DA-660-8/16-LX User’s Manual Getting Started
2-2
Powering on the DA-660
Connect the SG wire to the Shielded Contact located on the upper left corner of the DA-660, and
then power on the computer by connecting it to the power adaptor. It takes about 30 to 60 seconds
for the system to boot up. Once the system is ready, the Ready LED will light up, and the model
name of the computer will appear on the LCM display.
NOTE After connecting the DA-660 to the power supply, it takes about 30 to 60 seconds for the
operating system to boot up. The green Ready LED will not turn on until the operating system is
ready.
Connecting the DA-660 to a PC
There are two ways to connect the DA-660 to a PC: through the serial Console port or by using
Telnet over the network.
Serial Console
The serial console port gives users a convenient way of connecting to the DA-660’s console utility.
This method is particularly useful when using the computer for the first time. The signal is
transmitted over a direct serial connection, and therefore there is no need to know DA-660’s two
IP addresses in order to connect to the serial console utility.
Use the serial console port settings shown below.
Baudrate 115200 b
p
s
Parit
y
N
one
Data bits 8
Sto
p
bits: 1
Flow Control
N
one
Terminal VT100
Once the connection is established, the following window will open.
To log in, type the Login name and password as requested. The default values are both root:
Login: root
Password: root