Philips P817 00/01 Manual

PHILIPS
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
UNIVERSAL
MEASURING INSTRUMENT
P 817 00/01
66 580 33-3-120 1/361

2
CONTENTS
APPLICATIONS 3
ELECTRICAL DATA 3
Protection 3
TRANSPORT 5
ACCESSORIES 5
MAINTENANCE 5
OPERATION 5
Zero Setting 5
Measuring 6
A. Direct voltage 6
B. Direct Current 6
C. Alternating voltage 7
D. Alternating Current 7
E. Resistance 7
Db-Scale 7
REPLACEMENT OF BATTERIES 8
SOME EXAMPLES OF MEASUREMENTS 8
A’. Direct-voltage measurements 8
B’. D.C. Measurements 8
C’. A.C. Measurements 9
METER CIRCUITS FOR THE VARIOUS MEASURING
RANGES 9
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS 10
RECOMMENDED BATTERIES 11

3
APPLICATIONS
Between 50 and 70%of all electrical faults occurring in a radio receiver or
amplifier are such that they can he easily traced by measurements, for
which particularly the PHILIPS Universal Measuring Instrument P 817
00/01 is eminently suitable.
It is the ideal measuring instrument for use in the smaller repair shops or at
the customer's home, owing to its small dimensions and to the fact it does
not require any mains supply.
The following measurements can be carried out with the meter:
a. direct and alternating voltages from 0 to 1200 V;
b. direct and alternating currents from 0 to 3 A;
c. resistances from 0 to 10 MΩ
ELECTRICAL DATA
The voltage loss and the current consumption as given in the table at page 4
apply to full deflection; at less deflection these values are proportionally
lower. All current and voltage scales are linear. For alternating-current and
alternating-voltage measurements the reading remains accurate throughout
the frequency range 30 10,000 c/s, with the exception of the measuring
range of 1200 V, for which the upper accuracy limit lies at 5,000 c/s.
The A.C. and alternating-voltage ranges have been calibrated for a purely
sinusoidal signal. Although the meter can, if necessary, be used standing
upright, it measures more accurately lying down (see also page 5, under
"zero setting").
PROTECTION
For all commonly used
measuring ranges the
galvanometer can stand
overloading for a short
time. This does not hold,,
however, if the knob Sk2 is
set to the very sensitive
position "60mV"; in this
position the protection is
cut out and the meter
cannot stand overload any
longer. The maximum
current is 30 µA.

4
Measurement
Measuring
range
Position
Of Sk1
Position
Of Sk2
Scale
Current
consumption
or voltage
loss at full
deflection
Sensitivity
V
0 –60 mV
Any
position
60 mV *
AV
33,300
Ω/V
0 –3 V
0 –12 V
0 –30 V
0 –120 V
0 –300 V
0 -1200 V
3 V
12 V
30 V
120 V
300 V
1200 V
30 µA
25 µA
40,000
Ω/V
I
0 –30 µA
Any
position
60 mV *
AV
60 mV
0 –120 µA
0 –600 µA
0 –6 mA
0 –60 mA
0 –600 Ma
0 –3 A
0.12 mA
0.6 mA
6 mA
60 mA
600 mA
3 A
285 mV
345 mV
360 mV
360 mV
400 mV
580 mV
V ~
0 –3V
0 –12 V
0 –30 V
0 –120 V
0 –300 V
0 –1200 V
3 V
12 V
30 V
120 V
300 V
1200 V
~
AV
5 Ma
600 µA
1666 Ω/V
I ~
0 - 600 µA
0 –6 mA
0 –60 mA
0 –600 mA
0 –3 A
0.6 mA
6 mA
60 mA
600 mA
3 A
~
AV
R
0 –1000 Ω
0 –100 kΩ
0 –10 MΩ
Any
position
X 1 Ω
X 100 Ω
X 10 kΩ
Ω
83 mA
0.8 mA
0.a3 mA
Centre-scale
Value
18 Ω
1800 Ω
180,000 Ω

5
TRANSPORT
The right-hand knob (Sk2) is provided with a green dot.
Whenever the instrument is transported, set this knob to the position marked
with the green dot. In this position the galvanometer is short-circuited.
The same precaution should he taken when the meter is to be sent to the
repair shop.
ACCESSORIES (available on order)
1 pair of universal plugs, type P 995 00;
1 pair of measuring flexes, type P 997 04, complete with probe pins;
1 leather bag with carrying straps, type P 997 05;
1 transistor tester, type P 997 09;
1 step down transformer (300/3 Amps, 2 ½ VA, class 1, type
P 997 10.
MAINTENANCE
The inside of the window in the front panel of the universal meter is coated
with a colourless liquid having antistatic properties, to prevent static
charges, which may affect the position of the pointer and attract dust. This
side of the window must not be rubbed with a cloth or anything similar,
since otherwise the inside will become dull and the antistatic effect will be
lost.
OPERATION
The position of knobs and sockets is shown in Fig. 1.
ZERO SETTING
Before starting measurements, it is recommended to check and, if
necessary, to correct the zero settings as follows:
a. for the current/voltage scale (A V), mechanically with the set screw
"St";
b. for the resistance scale (Ω), with knob "R", with sockets + and - short-
circuited (see also point E at page 7).
Remark concerning the zero adjustment
Turning over a meter that has been checked for use in the flat position to
the upright position (or the reverse) may result in a difference
of one scale division in the deflection of the pointer at any point on the 0 -
12 V scale; it is therefore necessary always to check the zero adjustment
again and, if necessary, to correct it.

6
MEASURING
A. Direct voltage (A V scale)
1. Set knob Sk2to position " ".
2. Set knob Sk1to position "1200 V" (highest voltage range, to prevent
overloading) and connect the measuring leads to the sockets + and –.
3. Now connect the measuring leads to the voltage source to be measured
and set knob Sk1to that measuring position that is most suitable to
provide an accurate reading of the voltage in question.
If the direct voltage in question has a maximum value of .60 mV, knob
Sk2 may be put in position "60 mV ". (Sk1may have any position;
the meter protection is cut off!)
B. Direct current (A V scale)
1. Set knob Sk2to position " ".
2. Set knob Sk1to position "3 A" (highest current range to prevent
damage to the meter due to the selection of too low a range) and
connect the measuring leads to the sockets + and -.
3. Subsequently connect the measuring leads to the current circuit to be
measured and then set knob Sk1in that measuring position that is most
suitable to provide an accurate reading of the current in question.
If the direct current has a value of maximum 30 µA, knob Sk2may be
put in position "60 mV ". (The position of Sk1is unimportant; the
meter protection is cut off!)
C Alternating voltage (A V scale)
1. Set knob Sk2to position "~".
2. Set knob Sk1to position "1200 V" (highest voltage range to prevent
overloading) and connect the measuring leads to the sockets + and -.
3. Subsequently connect the measuring leads to the voltage source to be
measured and then set knob Sk1to that measuring position that is most
suitable to provide an accurate reading of the voltage in question.

7
D. Alternating current (A V scale)
1. Set knob Sk2to position "~".
2. Set knob Sk1to position "3 A" (highest current range, to
prevent damage to the meter) and connect the measuring
leads to the sockets + and -.
3. Now connect the measuring leads to the current circuit to
be measured and then set knob Sk1that measuring
position that is most suitable to provide an accurate
reading of the current in question.
E. Resistance (Ω scale)
1. Select the appropriate resistance range with knob Sk2(x 1
Ω, x 100 Ω or x 10 kΩ); knob Sk1may be in any position.
2. Connect the measuring leads to the sockets + and - and
short-circuit the free ends of these leads.
3. Check the zero setting of the indicator (to the right on the
scale) and, if necessary, correct with knob R. if it is found
impossible to adjust the indicator to 0 Ω, this means that
the batteries are runned down and have to be replaced (see
under REPLACEMENT OF BATTERIES).
4. Now connect the ends of the measuring leads to the
resistor to be measured.
5. After switching over to another resistance range the
measuring leads must always be short-circuited and the
indicator set to exactly 0 Ω.
Note: When measuring a resistor within an apparatus, make sure that the
resistor is disconnected from impedances or voltages.
dB SCALE The dB scale is based on the use of the measuring. range 0
- 3 V. The zero level is fixed at 0.775 V, which corresponds to 1 mW across
600 Ω. In the case of a greater measuring range, the dB value can be
determined if the value read from the dB scale is increased by 12 dB for the
range 0 - 12 V, 20 dB for 0 - 30 V, 32 db for 0 - 120 V, 40 db for 0-300 V
and 52 db for 0 - 1200 V.

8
REPLACEMENT OF BATTERIES
Place the meter upright on a table, loosen the two screws in the cover plate
(at the rear) three-quarter turn and remove the cover plate (by Aiding it
upwards a little and then pulling it forward).
The batteries can now be removed from the meter casing (if necessary, the
smallest with the aid of a thin screwdriver) and replaced by fresh ones?
Make sure that the + terminals of the batteries make contact with the contact
springs marked + in the meter casing.
Finally refit the cover plate.
Remark: When replacing batteries, never use the so-called leak-proof
type, as the steel jackets of this batteries influence the deflection of the
needle of the measuring instrument.
SOME EXAMPLES OF MEASUREMENTS
A'. Direct-voltage measurements
For measuring direct voltages in a receiver or amplifier, the negative side of
the meter must be connected to the negative pole of the voltage. The
measuring probe at the positive side of the meter is brought into contact
with the points to be measured, e.g. with the electrodes of the valves (anode
and screen-grid voltages) or with the electrolytic capacitors in the
smoothing circuit.
B'. D.C. Measurements
The anode current of an output valve can be measured very conveniently by
placing the two probes on the primary terminals of the output transformer.
As the internal resistance of the meter is low compared with the ohmic
resistance of the primary of the output transformer, the anode current will
flow through the meter and not through the transformer.
For checking the operation of an oscillator valve, the current through the
grid-leak resistor is measured. To "do this, disconnect the junction at the
"earthed" side of this resistor and connect the probe of the meter to the
resistor and the + probe to the cathode of the oscillator valve.
If the grid current of an oscillator valve is e.g. 200 µA, a clear reading can
be obtained in the 0.6 mA range.

9
C’. Alternating-voltage measurements
The alternating-voltage ranges are mainly used for measuring the L.F.
output voltage of some apparatus, or for examining the voltages of the
mains transformer, etc.
D'. A.C. Measurements
It is sometimes desired to measure the current consumption of some
apparatus. To do this, incorporate the meter in one of the leads of the mains-
voltage circuit. The power consumption in watts is then found by
multiplying the measured current by the voltage, provided that the apparatus
presents an ohmic resistance.
Where transformers are concerned, there is always a self-inductance, so that
the number of VA has to be multiplied by the power factor (cosφ), which as
a rule amounts to 0.80 - 0.85 for radio receivers.
METER CIRCUITS FOR THE VARIOUS
MEASURING RANGES
In the diagrams on pages 10 and 11 the circuit diagram of the meter is
always completely shown; the fat-printed lines represent the circuit
operative for the measuring range in question.

10

11