Sharp PC-1500 User manual

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AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE
Allow us to thank you for purchasing the SHARP PC -1500 Poc ket Computer. We are confident
that you will enjoy using this small, but powerful,, new friend in your daily life. The PC-1500 is
one of the world's most sophisticated hand held computers. Although it shares many features
with its cousin, the SHARP
PC .1211 Pocket Computer, the PC-1500 provides you with such
advanced capabilities as:
• A 7 by 156 programmabledot·matrix LCD display.
• A
ton e generator for creating special effeclS under program control.
• ASCII character set with upper and lower cases.
• Scientific and mathematical functions.
• User-definable function keys.
• An exten.ded version of BASIC which provides t\VO ·dimensional arrays, variable length
strings. graphics commands, program chaining and many other advanced features.
• Up to 4K bytes of optional RAM. {Model CE ·151)
• An
opt ional Pri nter /Cassette Interface (Model CE·150) which allows 4 color X·Y plotting,
program .and data stora\1e. and printing of programs and data in one of nine different
character sizes.
This machine is capable of many of the functions which only a few years ago would have
filled a warehouse v .. ith tubes, \Vires, and enginee rs . Such sophistication does not require
Engineering cre·dentials to use. On the contrary, the PC.1500, and this manual, are designed
to helpyou gain rapid ac~-ess 10 this new technofogy.
We have divided this manual into five major $ections allowing the novice user to rapidly attain
competence. Advanced users may explore the features of the PC-1500 through the sections on
Advanced Programming, and Advanced Calcul ation s. and through the Appendices.
The style of this manual is conversational and many examples arc provided. But don't take our
word for it, to see how easy it is to get started, tu rn to Chapter 0. But fi rst. be sure that the
batteries have been loaded. If they haven't, Appendix B provides ins tr uc tions.
Above all, ha. ve fun and don't hesitate to experimentl
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OPERATIONAL NOTES
Since the liquid crystal display of the computer is made of glass. it must be handled with
some care.
To ensure trouble-free operation of your SHARP pocket computer we recommend th at :
1. You keep the computer in an area free from extreme temperature ch anges, moisture, or dust.
Our'ing i.·Jarm VJ.Cather, vehicles left in dir ec t sun lightare subject to hi gh temperatu re build up.
Prolonged exposun? to high temperature may cause damage to your comp uter.
2. You use only a soft, dry cloth to clean the computer . D.o not usesolvents, water. or wet cloths.
3. To avoid batte ry leakage, remove the batte r ies when the computer will not be used for an
extended per i od of time.
4.
If service is r eq uired, the computer be returned only to an authorized SHARP Service Center.
5. Th is manual be kept for further reference.
Trouble-Shooting
This unit, it subjected to strong external noise or impact duri ng operation, may r ende r all its keys,
. I c1 · URCAK k . .
inc u 1 ng (oNI ey, inoperati ve .
Should this occur. press the ALL RESET switch on the back of the un it for approx. 15 seconds,
OREAK
with the @!jJ key held down.
0-llEAK ()
Prt:ss I ON I key.
Al I r eset switch
[
Press the 3 11 (C$C\ swi tch wi th an y]
pointed ob j ect $uCh M a ba ll ·po int
pen. Do not use tasily b roken points
such as mechanical penc ils or the
tips of ne edl es .
Then check that [NEW~ 7 : CHECK! is indicated on th e d is play, a nd press the keys
If th e display does not read NEWj)? : CHECK, perform the above operation once aga in .
With this operation, the program, data and all the reserved contents are cleated ~ so do not press
the ALL RESET switch except when the above trouble occurs.
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PC-1500 SPECIFICATIONS
Model:
N um ber of calcul at i on digi ts:
Calculation syst em:
Pr ogram language:
Capacity:
Calculati ons:
Editing function;
M emo ry protec tion :
Di splay:
Keys:
Power supply:
Power consumpti on:
Operating time:
Operating temperature:
Dimen
sio ns:
Weight:
A ccessori es :
Op tions:
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PC.1500 Pocket Computer
10digi ts (mantissa) +2 digi ts (ex ponent)
According to mathematical formula (wi th priority judging lune ·
t io n)
BAS IC
CPU: CMOS 8 bit
System ROM :
Memory Capacity
RAM :
System area
In put buffer:
Stack:
Others:
User area
Fixed memory area:
IA-Z, AS-ZS)
Basic program data area:
Reserve area :
16 K Bytes
3.5 K Bytes
0.9 K Bvtes
80 Bytes
196 Bytes
2.6 K Bytes
62 4 Bytes
t850 Bytes
188 B
yt es
F our arithmetic calculations. PO\" .ier calculation. trigonometric
ancl inverse trigonometric functio ns . l ogar i thmic and exponcnt i:t l
functions, angular conversion, extraction of SQua re root, sign
fun ct ion, absolu1tes. integers and logic.al ca lc u la ti ons.
Cursor shifti ng (. • .. )
Inserti on (INS)
Deletion !D
EL )
Line up and down I • , t )
CMOS battery l> ack· up
(program. d" ta and reserve memories are protected)
Li quid Cry<tal
26 Character W i.d 1h
7 x 156 Dot Graphics
65 Keys including
Alphabetic,
Nume ric,
Uscr·definoblc Funct ion,
Pre·programm ed
6.0V. DC:
4 dry batt eries (Typ e UM ·3, AA or R6l
6.0V, DC: 0.13W
Appr ox . SO h ours on dry batter ies (Type (UM· 3. AA or RS))
o•c- 40 °c !32° F - 104° F>
195(W) x 86(0) x 25.5 1H) mm
7·11/16"(W) x3· 3/8"(0) x l"(H)
Approx . 375g (0.83 lbs..) (with batteries)
Soft ca se, f our dry baner ies. two keyboard t empla tes, name label
and ins tr uc tion manual
Printer/casset te inter face (C E·150)
Expansi on memory module ( Pl ug-in type, 4K Byte RAM CE·151)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
An Introd uc tory No te . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . • . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Opera tional Note s. . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . • . . . • . • • . . . . . . . 2
PC-1 500 Spoecificatlons. ...•..• .. • • . . . . • .. .• .. • .•• • ...... • • , ..• , . ... 3
Table of Cont ents ...... . .. . . .. , ... .. , .. .... • . . • , .. • . .. • . . ... , . . . . 4
0. Instant Programming ....•.. • • • . .... . . ... . , . . • • • . • . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . 8
A. Example 1 . . • • . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . 8
B. E xa mp le 2 . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . • • . . . . . . . . . • • . • . . • . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . 9
I. Getting Acquainted .. . •. .... ... •• •. .. . • . • . •. . .•. . . . • .... . . . . ...... 11
A. ON and OFF keys ... . •. ... . ... . .. . • .•.. . .. .•• .. ... .. . . ... • .... 12
B. Alphabetic keys •• .•... ..... . . .. • .•... ..•. .• • . .. • . ... • .... •.. . 12
C. Num er ic keys and Arithmet ic Operation keys . •... • •... .. . . .. • . , •. •. • . .• 12
0. SHIFT k ey .. . .•....... .. . ... ..• . . .. ... • •.• , ...•.. .. , •. ... ... 12
E. Lower·case Letters and the SMALL key . .•... . •. . . .. .. • .. . , .. • . • . . ... 12
F. The Display . . ..... .... . . ...... . . .. . . .••. . •• .. • . . . • •.• . • . • . .. 13
G. The Cursor and the Prompt . . . . • ...... ... . .. . . . . ... • •.• • • . •...•..• 13
H. Clear ke y ... .. .•....• • . ... . ... . . . ...••. • •• . .• ..•• • . . . ...•.. 13
I. ENTER key .. .••.•.. .• . ....... •.• . .•.•••.•• .•••. • .• .... •. .. • 13
J. Error Messages . •.... . . . . .. • •.. •• .. . . • .. •..••. ..• . •.... ..... .. 13
K. Battery Function Indication ... . • ..•. • . •....•.. .. . • • .. ... ..•.• . . . • 14
II. Taking the Plunge ..• . .. ...... . • . . • . , .. . .. .. , . . • . .....•. • ..•.•.... 15
A. MODEkey . . ...•. .. .. • . .. ... • . .... • .. • ... • ...... • . • .. •• .... . 15
B. Simple Calculations .. . ..... .. . . .. • ...... • . . • , .. • ... .. • • .. , ..... 15
C. Serial Calculations •.•... . . . . . ... .• . .•. ...... ....... • . . . . , ...... 16
D. Calculations with Negative Numbers •. ....... .. . . . . .• • • • .• .. • . •... ... 16
E. Compound Cal cu l at ions .•.• . . ...... • . . ... . . ...... ... . . . • . ...... . 17
F. Use ol Parentheses. . .. . ... .... . ..... •..•.• .• . .•.•. . . • .. •.•.... . 17
G. Logical Compa risons and lneQUalities ..... .....•. . . .•.• . . ••.. . .....•. 18
H. Editing Keys and Funct ions ..•.. .... • . .. . .. . . . . .• • •.. • • . . ..... . . . 19
H
.1. L eft Arrow/OE Lete Key ... . • . • . . .. . • • .. • • . • • •.• • . . . ... . . ... 19
H.2.
Ri1 1h t Arrow/INSert Key ... . • • • .. • ...... • .. ....... .. .•• ...• . 20
H.3. Recall Fun c tion ..... .... •• , . . , . . , • .. ••. . • ... , . ... , •...•. 21
I. Variables .. . .. . , . ... ... . • .. . ~ , . .. • .. • .. .•.. • ......... • .. . . . . 21
J. We Pause •• , . ... . • .. • .. . . .. • . • ... ...• ... • ... . . . • .. ...... . . . . 24
SUMMARY ..• . .. .. . ... . . . . .• . . . . .. . •. ...... • .. ••.. . . . . . . . . . 24
Ill . T he Mysterious (?) Art of Programming . .. .. • . ••.••. . • ....••.. ..•.... ... 26
F oreword . . . ..... ...... . • ..•.. . •. . .. • . ..•..•. . . ..••.. . . •• . •. ... 26
A. What Is A Program? .. . . ..... . . .• • ...... • .. . ..... . . •. . •. • . . • .... 26
0. How Do I Program? . .. . ... . ....• •• .. , . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . ••• .. 26
C. CO MM ANDS vs. STATEMENTS . . .• • .... . .••.• ...•. . . • ....... . . .. .. 27
D. Line Numbers .............. .. •..... . . , •.• , .. . . . . • •.. . • ...... . 27
E. Program·line Review keys .... ." ...•... , . . • ••..... • . .. • . . . ... .. .... 28
F. A Clo.er Look At So me Old Friends. •... • . . •. . ... . . •. . • . . . . . .. .• . ... . 29
F. 1. The NEW Comma nd .•... . •.•. • .. •.. . • . . •..•• •.• . . • •. • .. . . . 29
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F.2. The LET Statement. ... . . . . • .. . .. ... . . . . .... ...... . . . . . . . .29
F.3. The PRINT Statement . • . . .
.... •....• . . .... • . ..... . .. . . . . . .29
G. The PAUSE Statement. •
....• . . . .. .• . . . •.• • . . • .• . ....•.. . .. . .. . .34
H. The INPUT Statement . . . . • . . . • . . •. • • •...• . . .• . . . . . •. • .... . . . . . .35
I. Shortcutsand Helptul Hint s . . •.. . .. . . .• .• • •.... . • ... • . •• . • .•. • ... 39
1.1. Abbreviations ...... . . . . . . . . ....•...• ... • . . . • . • •...•. • ..• 40
1. 2. Multi pl• Statements Usi ng t he Colon ...• ... • • .. • ... • . • ..•.•.• .•. 41
J. Error Correction in the PROgram Mocle .. .... ... • . .• • . . . • • • . . • • • .•... 42
K. The
LIST Command ...... ...... ... ..... .. • . .. • .... . ......... .• 43
L. The More, the Merrier . .... . .. • . • . . . • ..• . . . • • . • • •.• • . • . . ... . .... 43
L.1. T he END Statement ........ . ... . . . . .. . . .... . ..... .. . ...• .. 43
L.2. RUN line·numbcr ... . .• •. . .•.. . •.• . •..•. ..... . •. . ... . . . .. 44
M. Co ntrol Statements . .......... . . .. • .•• . ••• . • .... . ... . . . ........ 44
N. IF . .• THEN . . • . . • .. . • . . . •• . . .• • . . ..• . • . . . • . . . • .. • . . • . . .... . 44
0. GOTO ..... .. . ..• • • . • ... • .. ..• • . . ••. . • . .. • .. . • ..• . . • ...... .46
P. FOR . .. NEXT .... • .•. .... • •.... • .. . . . .. . . . • •. . • ..•. • • •. • .... 51
Q. WAIT . . ... •....•.• ..... . .. .. • • •. •.•. • ... • . .. • ..•. • • .. •. ... 54
R. READ. DATA, RESTORE .. . • .. . . •... • . . . • .. . • .. . • ..•. • , .. • .... 55
S. REM ... .............. . . . ... .... .•. . . • . .. • ..• • ..• . • . . . •. .. .57
T. GOSIJB and RETURN . .
....... .. . . . . ..• .. • . . . • . . . . . . • . • .. . • .. .. 58
Summary of PROgram Mode Editing Features ... . ... • . . .... ....•. • . . • ..... 59
IV. Advanced Calculations .. . . ............. .... ..... • .. .• .. . - • • • . • . • .. • 60
A. Scie ntific Notat ion . .... . . . . . .... . . . . . • . • ..... ... .. • . • . . . • . • . . • 60
B. Range of Calcolations; Overflow. Underflow. ... . • . . . . ... • .. . • ••..•..... 62
C. Root. Power, and Pi · .. . ... .. . . .. . . ...... • .. • • . . . • •.•. • ... . . . ... 62
D. Angular Modes
.•....... ..... .. .... • ... , ... , ... • ..•• .•.• . ..... 64
E, Tr igono metric Functio ns, . , . , . ,., . , . , . , .. • . . . 1 ••• , . , . ..... .. ..... 64
SIN . COS, TAN, ASN, ACS. ATN •.. • ..• • .. . . . . . • . . .. • .. . • ..... 65
F. Logar
it hmic Functions ... •.•..... . . . . • . .. • . .• • ... • . .•••.. • • • .. • .65
LN. LOG, E XP .. . • . •. ... . •. • .. •.. . . • . . .. . . . . . ...... . . . . . .. 65
G. Angle Co nversion ..• ...•.•. .• . • •. . . . .... .. •• .. .. . •• . • ..• . .. . . • 66
DEG, OMS . . . ....... • •. . . .••.•• . . .. • • . . .......• . .... . .... 66
H. Mi sce ll aneous Functions. ..... . . . .. . . . . . . • . . . . • .. •.. . .. • .. • . . .... 66
ABS, INT , SG N .... . . . • • . •. . .•. • . .. • . . • .... . . . • .•...• •.. 66. 67
V. Advanced Programming .... ...... .. . .. • • ... • . .•• . . •• .. • • • • .. • .... .. 67
A. Array s and Sub sc ripted Var iables. .. .. . . .... • ... • .. • .. . • •• ... • .. . . .. 67
DIM .. .. . .... ... . . ... .... ... • ..•. .. .• . . • ... • ..... • ...... 67
B. More On Character Str i ngs ..... • . • . . . • ... • .... .. • ... • .... . • • . .... 70
B.1 . DIMensioningStrings .. . . • . . . . . • . . . • ... . . . •. . • . . . .......... 70
B.2. Conc at enation . ... . . . . •.••...•.. .. .•• . • . . .• .. • ..... . .... 70
8.3. String Comparison .. . . ............... . • • • ...... • ....... . .. 72
C. Functions ..... . . ....... . .• . . ... • . . • • .....•••.... • ..... • ... .72
C.1. ASC ... . . . . . . . . .... . ... . • .. • • ..... ..... • •.•. • . .. . . . .. 72
C.2. CHRS .. .. .. • . . .. . . • . .... • ..• • .. • •..• .. . • • ... • . .. • .... 73
C.3. INKEYS .
.. . • . . . • . . • ..... • .. ..... . . . • ..• • . .• . • ... • .... 74
C.4. LEN ...• .. . • •.• • . . • .. • . . • . .. , .. •• . . • . . . • ..•. • ..• • .. .. 75
C.5. LEFT$ ...• . •. . . • .. . .. . .• , •.. , . . .. . . • . . . • . . .. • •.• • •... 75
C.6. MI DS . . ... • • • ... . • • ..... • ... • . . .... • . .. • ..• . • •.. • . .. .76
C.7. RIGHTS . . . . • • .. ..• • .. .... . .... . • ... .. . ... .• •.• . .. . . .. 77
C.8. AND •. . . . . • . • . . .•.. . . .. . . . . . . . . • .. • •.. .. . . • . • . .... . .. 77
C.9. RANDOM .. .... . . . ..• . .• • . . . ... . ... .• ..•..••... . . . .. . •78
C.10. STRS . . . ...... ......... . •. . . • . . . . . .... . •.••.. . . . .. • . .78
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C.1 1. STATUS . .. . . ....... . ..... . . . .. .. . . . . .. . ... . •. . . ...... 79
C.12. T
IM E ...... • • . . • ... . . . . . . • ... • .. • •. .. . . .. ..• .• • . . .. . .79
C.13.
VA L. .. . ..... . . . . . .•. .... • . . • • . . • . . . • . . ... . • . • • . ... .. 80
D. PR IN T US I NG ..... ... . . . . ... . ... . . . .... . ... • . . ... . • . .. . . .... 80
E. Computed Control Transfer .. .. ...... . . . ... . . .... ...... . • .•. . . . .. . 83
ON GOTO, ON GOSUB, ON ERROR GOTO .. . . . . ... . • ... •. • . .. . 83, 84
F. Displ ay Programmi ng .. ...... .. . . . .......... ... . . . • ...• .. . ...... 84
F.1. BEEP .
.. .. . .. . • .. . • . ........ • . ..... • . . . ....• . . . . .. . .. 84
F.2. CURSOR .... . . .. • .. • . . .... .. . • . .. ... • ... • . . . • . • . . . . ... 85
F.3. CLS . .... . .... . .. . . ..... . . .. . ...... ..... .. . .. . . . . ... .. 88
F .4 . GCURSOR. . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. .... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .... BB
F.5, GPRINT .... . . . . .... .. . . . .... • .. • . .. • . . . • ... . . • . . ..... 91
F.6. POINT •.. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . • •... .. • ... • .. • • .. . .. • . . . . . .. 94
G. Debugging . . .i .r: r,-C.-t.( . S7c/ P1H'? . ... . . . . .. . • . . . . . . . . .. ... • . . . . .. .96
TRON, TROFF , Arr ow keys . ..... ... .... • ... • . . • • . . ..• • ..... . . 96
H. Hexadeci ma l Numbers& Bool ean Fun ct io ns. . . . .. .... • ... ...... • . . ..... 98
H. 1. Hexadecim al Nu mb er s . .... • .. . ... . . •• .. • .. •• .... •• ..• . . . . 98
H.2. AND Func ti on . . . . ... .. . • . •• . ... .. . . . . • . . • . .. .. •.. . • . . .. 98
H .3. OR Fu nct ion . ... . . .. • .. • . •• . . • .. . •• .. • .. ..... . • . . . • . . . .99
H.4. NOT Fun
ct ion . . . . ...... • . • . .. • ... • ... • . . • . . . • ..... • . . . .99
I. Halting P rog ram Execution . .. . • . . . . • . .. .. . . • . . .. .. • .. .• . • .. . . .. . 100
STOP, CONT. . . .
... . ...... • . • ... . ... . ..... . • .. . • . . . . . . . . . 100
J. Mode Control ........ . • ... • .. • . • . .. • . ... . .. • . . • . . . • . • . . . . . . . 100
LOCK, UNLOCK . ... • . . . ... • . • .. . . .. ... . .... . . . . • . • . . . .... 100
VI. Expanding t he PC-1500 .... .. ... ............ . . .. • .. . • . .. • . • •. . .... 101
A. Print er /Cassette Interfoce (CE·1 501 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . .•... • . • . . . • ... . 101
A.1 . Connec ti ng the Computer to the Interface .. ... . . • . .. • .... •. . . . .. 101
A. 2. Power (Recharging the Batteries} ... . ...... .... • .. •• . . . . • . . . . . 103
A.3. Co nnectinga Tape Recorder to the Interface . ... . . ... .. .. . • •.. . .. 103
A.4. Loading the Pape r ... . . . .. .. . . ........ .. • ... • .... . .. ... . .105
A.5. Replacing the Pens ....... . ... ....•. . • . .. • .. . .. . • . • • . .. . . .106
B. Using a Casse tt e Re corder .... .. ....•....... . . . . . . . ... . .. . . . . . .. 108
B.1. Tape Recorder Operation ................ . . ... . .. .. .... . . . . 108
B.2. Saving Pr ograms on Ma gneticTape (CSAVE} . .. . . ... ... . .. . .... .. 109
B.3. Loading Programs from Magnet ij c Tape (C LOAD. CLOAD?} .. . .... . . . . 109 . ,
, 4 ':t,. ( , o"}l/l ."~
1
~-
B.4. Sav i ng and Loadi ng Data Using MagneticTape (PRINT# . I NP UT#} . ..., .... ..,. ,;, M/:I~
B.5. Edi ti ng Programs on Magnetic T ape (MERGE} . .. . . . . . ... ...... . . . 11 1
B.6. Chaini
ng Programs. {CHAIN} .... .. .... ... . . • • . • • ..•..... . .. . 113
B.7. Using
Two Tape Record ers . . ... • . . .... • . .. • . . •• ... . . . . . . .. . 114
C. Us i ng t:he Printer. .. .... . ... .. . . . . . . . . • .. ... . • .. •. . . •. • . . ... . . 116
C.1 . CE ·1 50 PrinterSpec if ications . .. . . .. ... . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . ..... 116
C.2. TEST Command . .
.... ..... . . . .... . • .. . • .. • .. . • . • .. .. .. . 116
C3 . Pr intin gCalculations . . . • .••.•. .. . .. . • . . . • .. • . . . • . • .. • . . .. 11 7
C.4. Printer Modes ... . . .... . . .... . . • ..... . . .. . • .. . • . • . . • . . . . 118
C .5. Lis ti ng Progr ams . . . . . . .... . . . . . • . .• • . .. • .. • . . . • • ... • .... 118
C.6. Programmable Printer Control
... . . . .. . • . .. • . . . . . . .. .. . . • ... . 120
CSIZE .
.. ... ... .... . . . . . . . . •• .. • ... • . . . • ..• • .... . .... 120
ROTATE. . . . . .
•• . . • . . . • • • . . . .... . . . • ... ...•. • . . ...... 12 0
COLOR.
.. . • . . . . . . • . . .. • • . .. . . . . . . . • . . .. . . • . • .• • . . .. . 121
LF •.. , .. , . .. • ... • . , .. • . . . • ... . . . . . . . • . . . • . • . ••. . ... 12 1
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LPRINT .. . . ...... . ... . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. . - . ....... . . . 122
LCURSOR. .. . . . • . . . •.. ... • .. . • . .. • . .. • ... • .... •• . . . .. 123
T
AB . .. . . .. . . . . . . . • . . ... • .. . , ... .. . . .. . . . . . .. • . . • . . . 124
SO R GN . . . .... . • . . . •. . . . . • ... • ... . . . • . . . . .. . . . • . . . . . . 124
GLCURSOR .. . .. • .. . • . . . . . • . .. • .... . . . . . . • . . . . . : .. . . . . 124
LI NE . .... . . . . • ..... . .. •. .... .. . . .. • . . . • . . . ... . . . . . . 125
R LI NE .. . . . . . . • ... • .. . . • • . . . • . . . . . . • .. . • •. . . • • .. . . . . 127
VU. RESERVE Mod• .. . .. . . .... . ... . . .. . • .. . • . . • .. . • . .. • .. . .. . . . • . . . 129
A.
De fini ng a nd Selecting R es erve Ke ys . . . . . . . . .. . • .. . . . . . • .. . . • • .. • . . . 129
B. Ident ifyi
ng Reserve Keys ... . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . • .. . . .... . • ... 130
R eser ve Key Ide nt ification Te mp la te... .. . . . . . . • .. . . . . • .. • . . . 131
VIII. Beg in nin g Program Ex ecu t io n .... . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . •. . . .... 132
A. The DEF Key . ... . ....... . ....... . • . . . • . . . • .. ... . • . •.. . .. . . . 132
A.1. Running DEFi
na ble Prog ra ms . . . .. . . . . • . . . • . . . . . . ... . ... . . .. 132
A.2. Prc·A
ss igncd Keyw or ds. . . ... . . . . • . . . • .... .. . ... • . • . .. . .. . . 13 2
A.3. The
AR EAD S tate ment ... . . • ... • ... • . .. • . . • • .. • . , .. . • ... . 133
0. Automatic P ro gra m Initiation . .. . .. • . . . ... . • . . . . . . . ... . . • . . . . . . .. 134
ARUN . .. . .. . . ..... ... .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . . •. . • . • .. . • . . .. 134
C. Comparison of In it iation Me thods . .... . . .. . .. . . . .. ... . . • . • ..... . . . 134
@ (d...,vfo.11 , ..., ... ~ JJ.~v1l-,LdJ'IS L I:' ~,,;Nf$
IX. Ap pen di ces . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . ... ...... . .... .. • ... . ... . . ... . 137
A. Abbreviations.
... . . . . . . .... ... . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . • . . . 138
B.
Ba ue 'y Replac eme nt .. ... . ... . . . . •• . . • .. . . . . • . . . • ..... . ....... 142
C. ASCI I Charac te r Co de C ha rt . . . • . . . . •. .. • . .. _. . • . . . .• . . . . • . .. . . . . 144
E. E
rr or Me ssa ge s . .... . . . ... . . . . .. . .... ..• . .. • .... . . ..... . . . ... 145
F. F
ur th er Read i ng ..... . . ... . . . . . . .. ... . . •• .. . .... ... .. • . . . • . . . 151
0 . Order.of Expre ss ion E va luation ..... . . .. .... • . .. • . .. • .. • . . .. . • . . . . 151
X. Command Co mpa rison: PC- 1211 vs . IPC ·1500 . . .. • . . • . . . . .... . • .. . . ... 153
Z. Com ma nd Referen ce Table ... . . . . . . . ... . ... • .. . • . .. • . .... • ... ... 155
N
ame label
Write yo ur name on th e attached name l abe l and sti ck it on the back of the Co mp ut er.
7
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A ll and more about Sharp P C- 1500 at http://www.PC-1500.info
INSTANT PROGRAMMING
(No Water Necessary)
This section is devoted exc lusiv ely to a select group of people (the authors included) whose
inquisitiveness ou t .. veighs their patien ce (and perhaps their common sense). For those of
you who absolutely must DO SOM ETHING w it h. this miracle of modern electronics, we present
a simple programming exercise. (WARNING: The timid
or faint.of.heart are instr uc ted to
proceed to Chapter 1; Getting Acquainte d, for a more thorough and leisurely in tro duc tion to the
SHARP PC·1500).
Before you pro ceed, one further caution is in order. It is important to follow all of the listed
steps in the given order. Contrary to popular op inion. conlputers arc not "super·brains" and do
not have the average human's abi li ty to "figure out" what you desire. The PC·1500 simply awaits
yo ur instructions and performs them. Are you ready? Good, let 's begin.
Example 1
First, find the key marked "ON" in the upper ri g ht corner of the keyboard. Pressing this key
will cause the sleeping electronic genie to awaken (d on't expect a puff of smoke!}. The display
portion of the computer should be similar to the illustration below:
I
.
..
.. :·
DEC P RO
Press the ~ key (on the far right side) until the abbreviation PRO appears in the upper
portion
of the display. (If you press the key too many times. just pr ess it again until the desired
result
is obta ined). The SHARP PC ·1 500 is ready to accept the series of instructionswhich make
up a computer program.
Enter the folloi.•Jing keys troke sequence:
rn rn m 1=1 rn IENTER!
Notice that as you press the lENTER! key, the computer will modify what you have typed in.
The display should now look Iike this:
~ :A=1
OEG PRO
Note: Throughout this manual we will use 0 for the number zero, so that you can distinguish
between the letter0 and the number !l.
Continue by pressing the following keys. Do not be alarmed when each l iine disappears as
you type its successor.
rnrnmmm !IlCD illl ENTERI
rnrnm1 =1 mrnrn I ENTER!
m mm m rn oo rn 01..: 11ENTERf
At this point, your first prog ram is compJete. Now you must te ll t he computer to "execute,"
or carry ou t, the instructions it contains. This proc ess is known as "running" the program and
is performed in the RUN mode (logical huh?). P re ss the ~ b utto n onceagain and the let ters
PRO
ar e replaced by the letters RUN at the top of the display.
One last step:
type in the letters [ID [][] OD and press ~ I E ~ N ~ T~ER~ )
8
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