Sharp PC-1500 Product manual

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FOREWORD
Since the release of the PC -1 500 on market, we have had great
numb er of qu estions from users regardingthe machine language
of the PC -1500.
lro meet with such demand from arden t users, we are now
se nding t hi s text for study of the ma chine language ofthe Sha rp's
original design LH580I Microprocessor and LH58I I Periphera1
Cont rol LSI in concern with the PC-1500 syste m. Because the
text
is edited on the basis of user questions. it ma y not support
quality as a gui debook . In such an event, you are suggested to
mak e reference to micro pr ocessor guidebooks pub lished on
market, in addition to this text.
You r op inions and quest ion s are welcome throu gh our products
distributo
r.
NOTE: Machine lang ua ge program. wh ich controls ha rdware di rect ly.
gives
yo u more va r io us fun ctions than BASIC programs. However. you
sho uld check your mach ine langua ge progr·am enough w make no error
before executing it because
si ngle wrong key operation may ups et the
program or occasionally make t he machine break down.
Sha rp Corporation assum es no liability or responsibil it y of an y ki nd
arising from th e u se of programs or program mater ia ls or any part
thereof.
SPECIAL NOTICE TO PC-1500A CUSTOMERS
Because rh c P C- I 500A provides rn orc R AM than th e PC- 1 500 .sornc of the
d escr ipt ions of the CHIP S ELECT SIG NAIL. ME MORY MAP. and 40-
PIN CONNECTOR (for memory modules) require mo di fica ti ons to suit
1he PC-1 500A .
A summary of the di fferen c es between 1hc PC- I500A and the PC 1 500 is
given in lhc a dd e ndu m on t he page 161.
Take notice of these differe nc es when us in g machine langua ge.
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CONTENTS
1. Machine Language .. . .. . .. . . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. .. .•. . .. 1
2. LH5
801 Microprocessor .................... .• .. . : .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . . . 5
2-1.
Outline of LH5801 . .. . • .. . .. • .. . .. .. . .. .•. . .. • .. .. . .. . .. • .. .. . . . . •. .. . .• .. . .. . . . . 6
2-2. Internal structure . .. .. . .. . . . •. . .. ••. . . .. •. .. . •. . . .. .. . . . . •. . .. .. . •. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . 7
2-2-1. Bl
ock diagram . . . .. . . .. . . .. •.. . . . •. . .. .. . . . .. .. .. •• .. . . . ..•. . . .. •. . . . •. . . . 7
2-2-2. I
nterna l registers . . .. . •. . . . •. . . ..•. . .. . . . . ..•. . .. . •. . . . • .. . .. . .. . . . .. .. . . . 8
2-2-3. Status flags . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. •. . . . •. . . ... . . .. .•. . .. . . . •. . . ..•. . .. . . . . . 8
2-2-4. CPU
pin description . . .. .. . •. . .. .•. . .. •. . . . . •. . ..••. . .. . . ••. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . 9
2-3.
Funct ions . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . ..•. . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . . ... . . . .. . . . . 14
2-3-1. Ti mer ...................................... ........... ........ .. . . .. . .... 14
2-3-2.
Interrupt s . .. . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . •. . .. .. . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . •. . .. . .. . . 17
2-3-3.
2-3-4.
2-3-5.
Reset . . .. . .. .. . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . .. .. . . .. . . . .. .. . . . . . . 20
CPU system s
eq ue nce .. . .. •. . . . . •. . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . •. . .. .•. .. . •. . . . 21
BF flipflop .. . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . .. .. . . . .. . . .. •. . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . .. . . 22
2-3-6. WAIT funct i on ........•. . . .. • . .. . .. .. .. •. . .. • ..... • .. ..... •• . . .. •. .. . .. . . 23
2-4. LH5801 instructions ... .. .. . .. •.. .. . ••. .. •.. . . . .. . . .. •. . . . ••. .. . .. . •. . .. . .. .. .. . . . 24
2-4-1. Outline . .. . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . . •. . . ..•. . .. . . . •. . . .. .. . . . ••. . . 24
2-4-2.
Ad d, subtract , and logical in structions .. . .. . .. . . . .. ••. .. . .. . •. . . . .. . .. . •. . . 25
2-4-3 . C ompare and bit test . .. . . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . • .. .. . .. . . . . .. .. . . . .. . . . 31
2- 4-4 . Transfer and s earch i nstruct ions .. .. . .. . . . . ..•. . .. • •. .. . .. . •. . . . .. . .. . • .. . 33
2-4-5 . Block transf er and search instructions .. .. . .. . •. . .. ••. . . . .. . •. . . . .. . .. . •. . . 38
2-4-6. Rotate
and shi ft in str uc ti ons . .. .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. .•. . .. . . . .. .•. . . 39
2-4-7. CPU control ins tru cti on s. .......................... . .. . . .. •. . . . .. . .. .. . . . . 42
2-4-8. J
ump instruction s . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . 45
2-4-9.
Subrout ine jump ins tructions . .. .. .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . .. .•. . .. •. . . . 49
2-4-10. Return i nstructions . .. .. . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . •. . .. .. . .. . •. .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . 53
2-
5. Command li st . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . .•. . .. . •. . . . •. . .. .•. . .. . . . •. . .. .•. .. . •. . . . 54
2-
6. Electrical characteristics and timings .. . ..•. . .. • •. . ..•. . .. . . . .. . .. . •. . . . .. . .. . . . . . 63
3. LH5810/
LH58 11 1/0 port controller .. . .. •. . .. .. . . .. •. . . .••. . ..• .. .. . . . ••. . .. •. . . . .. . . 67
3-1.
Outline . .. . .. .. . . .. .. .... ..........•....... . . .•.. .. ••. . ..•.. ..... •. .... .. .. .... . . 68
3-2.
Functions . .. .. . .. . . . .. . •. . .. .. . . .. •. . . . .. . . . . •. . .. .. . . . . •. . .. . .. . . . . ..•. . .. •. . . . 68
3-3.
Internal structure . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. •. . . . .. . . .. .. . . .. •. . .. ••. .. . . . . •. . ..•. . .. . . . . . 70
3-3-1. Block diagram ............................... .. ... .......... ...... . ....... 70
3 -3-2 . Internal reg is ters .. . . . •. . ... •. .. . . . . ... . . . .. .. . . . . .. .. . . . ••. . . . ••. . . .. . . .. 70
3- 3-3 . Pin descr i pti on . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. .. . .. 73
3-4.
Funct ions .. . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. 74
3-4-1.
Operation . . .. ...... . .... . .. ..... .. . . .. .. . .. . ..... .. .......... .. ..... ... .. 74
3-4-2.
Wait contro l . . .. . .. . .. .. . . . . •. . . . • .. .. .. . . .. •. . .. ••. . .. . .. •. . . . ••. .. . . . . .. 75
3-
4-3 . Serial data input . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . ..•. . .. . . . .. .• .. .. . . . •. . .. .. . . . . .. . . . 76
3-4--4. Reset . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . . ••. . ..••. . ... . . . .. . . . .•. . . . . • .. .. . .. •. . . .. •. . . . •. . . . 77
3-5. Spec
if icati on . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . .••. . ..••. . . . .. ••. . ... . . . . •. . . . 78
3-5-1.
1/0 port controll er inpu t/ output circu it s . . . . . .. •. . .. ••. .. . . . ••. . ... . . .. •. . . . 78
3-5-2. Pad
layout and s tructure . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . •. . . . . ..•. . . .. •. . . . •. . . . 79
3-5-3. Electrical chara cte ris tics . . . . . •. . ..•. .. . . •. . . . •. . .. .. . . . . .. .•. . .. . . . .. .. . . . 79
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4.
PC -1500 hardware description . . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. .. 85
4-
1. PC-1500 system configuration ......... ........ .. ................ . ......... .. . .. .. 86
4-1-1. Outline .. . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . . . .. .. . •. . . . .. . . .. .. . .. . . . . . . .. . .. 86
4-1-2.
Block diagram. .... . .. . .. .. ... ...... .. . . ..... . ............ . .... .. ... . .. . .. 87
4-1·3. Power supplies (PC-1500, CE-150, CE-158, CE-159) .. .... . .. . . .. .... . . . .. .. 87
4-2. PC-1500. . . ..
......... .......... . . .. . .. . .. . .... . .. . .. ...... ... .. .. .. . .. .......... 89
4- 2· 1. Outline . .. . . .. . .. . . .......... .• . .. . . .. . .. •. . .. .. .. .. • . .... , . . .. •. . .• . .. . . 89
4·2·2. Block diagram . .. .. . .. . •. . .. • . . •.. . .. •. . . . •. . . ... . . . . . .. . .. •. . . . . •. .. . .. . 90
4-2·3.
Chip select circuit . . .. . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . ..•. . .. . . . . ..• .. .. . . . . .. .. . . • . .. . . 91
4- 2·4 . PC-1500 system memory map . .... ........ .. .... .. .... .. ... ... . .. . ... ..... 94
4-3.
Connector signals /LSI signals ..... ......... . .... .•..........•....•.....•..... .... 102
4-3·1.
40-pin connector ............ . ...................................... ...... 102
4-3-2. 60-pin connector ............ .......... . ... .......... .... .... . ....... ..... 103
4-3·3 . LH5801 Microproc essor ............. ... ........................... ........ 104
4·3·4. 110 PC
.... . .. .. ........... .• . ... ......... • .. .. ............•... .. ..... .... 105
4-4. Key matrix and key code chart ...... . ............•....•.. . ................ . . . .. . . 109
5. PC-1500 soft ware .... ....... . .. . . .. ..... .. ...... .. . ........ . .... • .... •• .... •• .. ... .. . 111
5.·1. BASIC command related PC -1500 machine language . . ..•. .. . •• .. . •• . .. .•.. . . .. . .. 112
5-1-1. NEW. . .. ..
.. .. .. .... .. .... . .. . . .. . .. .... ..... . .• .... • •.... •. ... .. . . .. .. . . 112
5-1-2.
STATUS . .. . .... ... ... .. ...... •• ............... •.. .. •.. ... • .... ... ....... 112
5·1·3. PEEK .. .. .. •. . .. •.. ... ••. ......•. . ... . . . .. .... •.. ... •. ....•.....• . . ...... 113
5- 1-4. POKE ......•..............................•............ ... •. .... •. . ...... 113
5·1·5. CALL . ...... ...................... .. . . ................................. .. 114
5-1-6. CSAVE M
...... ......... ....... ............ .......... ... ........... ...... 114
5-1-7.
CLOAD M .... ...................... .... ...•.............................. 114
5-2.
Internal code chart ...... ... ....... . .. • .. .. ......•.. .. . ............... ........... 115
5·3. Expression of variable and program ... . ....... . ..•.. . .••....•....... ....... . . .... 116
5-3-1. Expression
of decimal number .... ... .. .. . •• . . ............. .. ...••. . .. . . .. 116
5-3-2. Expression
of binary number ...... ... • .... •• .. .. •. .. . . •. ... • .. ... • .. ...... 116
5-3-3. Expression
of character string ..... .. ... .. . • .. .. •• .... . ..... •. .. . .•. . . . . ... 116
5-3-4.
Structure of variable name .. . .. . .. .. . .....•....••....••...••.. .. ••. .... ... 117
5-3-5.
Structure of program .................. .. . . .. . .. •....•........ ... ..... .... 117
5-3-6.
Structure of reserve area .... .... . .... . .... .• .... • ...... .. . .. .. . .. . ... . .... 118
5-4. System
subroutines .................... . ............... • .......... •. .... . ........ 120
5-4-1. Character function s ........•..•. ........... ......................... .... . 122
5·4-2 . Arithmetic subroutines .....................................•.............. 127
5-4-3.
Comparison . .. ..... .. . . ... .•. .. .... . . .. ............................. ..... 128
5-4-4. Search
.. . .. . . .. ................... . .. . ... •• .... •. .. ...... ••. ... .• ..... .. . 129
5-4-5.
Disp lay .. .. • .. .. •.. ... • ... ............... •. . . .. • .....•.... •. .... •. ... . .. . 131
5-4-6. Printer ... .. .... . • .......... • ... •. ... • ... . •• .. .. •. .. . . .. ... • .. ... • .. .. . ... 135
5-4-7. Cassette tape
.. ... .. ....... .. . .. . .... . .. . • .. . .•, . .. . •. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. . . . 138
5-4-8.
Caution for system subroutine call 141
6. Machine language programming examples ..... .. . .. ... • .. .. • ..... • ..... . .. . ... . . ..... 143
6-1. B
inary to hexadecimal conversion ......... .. .. .... •.. .. • ..... • ............ . . ... .. 144
6-2.
Display inversion ...... .............. . .... ... . . ........ •. ............ ..... . . ..... 145
6-3 . Single display dot left shift ........... : ........................................ ... 146
6-4 . Single display dot right s hift. .... ... ..... .. .. . ..... .............. .......... ... .... 147
6-5 . Conversion of USING format expressed numerical data into cha racter string . .... . .. 148
6-6.
Power off that does not activate the printer upon power on
148
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[REFERENCE]
1.
Determin i ng printing character size and direction ... . ... .• .. . .• ... . .. ...... . •. .. . .. .... 150
2. Restorati on of array and two-character variable. ... .... . .. ... .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .... . .. 150
3. Knowing the use of CE -1 50. . .... . . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . ... . . .. .. . . ... . .. . . .. •. ... 150
4. CMT format . .. . .. .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. ... .. ... . .. ... .. .. . .... .. .• . ... •. . .. . . . .. . . .. 151
5. Circuit diagram . .. . . . ••. . . .. .. .. • .. . . . .. . .. . .. . .... .. .. . . . .. . .... . .. . .. ... •. ... 153
5-1. PC-1500
.. . .. . .... . .. .. • .. .. •• .... • ... . .. . . . .. ..... . . . .. . ... . .. . . . . •. . . .... ... . .. 154
5-2. CE-150 .
.. .. .. ... .. . . .. . . .. . • .. . . ... .. .... . .. . . .. .. .. . 155
5-
3. CE-151 . . ... .. . ...... .... .. . . .. .. .. ... . .. ... .. . .. .... . . .. . . .. .. .. ... .. . ... ... . . 156
5-4.
CE-153. .. .. .. . .. . . . .. .. . . . . •. . . .. .. . . . .... ... . . .. .. . . . .. ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . ... . . 156
5-5. CE-155. .
.. . • .. .. •. .. ... . .. . • .. . .. •. .. . .. . . ... . .. . . .. . . •. . .. . .. . .. . .. . • ..... . .
5-6. CE-158... .. . . .. .. ........ .. . .. . .. . . .... . .
5-7. CE-159. .
... . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . . . .. .... . . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. •. . . .. • .. .. . .. . •. .. . • .. .. .
[ADDENDUM]
157
158
159
Differences between the PC-1500A
and the PC-1500 ...... . . .. .. •. . .. . •• . . .. •. .• . ... . .. .. 161
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Machine Language
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1. Machine language
2
There are many program languages f or each purpose. PC-1500, for ex amp le, is
designed to
carry ou t both BASIC and machine lan guag e. BASIC is easy to use,
however, execution speed
is slow. On the ot her hand, machine language is
diff i cult to un de rstand but execution speed is fast
Usual ly , machine language pr og ram wo u ld be writt en with the assemble
language, wh ich consists of mn e monic cod es, and then theassemble language
will be translated into machine language.
[EXAMPL E] DISPLAY REVERSE PR OG RAM
I. Prepare t he program with assemble language consisting of mncmo ni c codes.
LD l UH. 78 H l
r prepare for assig nm e nt of the fi rst disrlay bufferadd re ss .
L DI
D EC
L OA
EA i
STA
LOP
CPI
BCS
R TN
UL.4DH
UH
u
FFH
u
06H
UH. 77 11
OEH
advance the address
lake
da ta in the accumulat or
la ke the cornrlement
return data into memory
ma ke the loop
return to RASIC
2. Trans la te the above program into ma ch i ne language. 1 h t: < • s~crn blcr tran sl atcs thc
assem
bl e language in to t he machine la ng ua ge au t om atical ly acco rd ing 10 t he lis t.
Hnweve r. a s hort program ca n be translatcd manuall y. (ha nd a sse mb le )
The abo ve program can be 1ransla1cd as follows :
68 78 6A 40 FD 62 25 BD
FF 2E 88 06 6C 77 93 Of"
91\
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3. After the completi on of the machine language program. write it in PC-1500 by using
POKE instruction. And execute the program together with BASIC by CALL
instruction.
Execute the following program.
You ca n ru'n th e BASIC program wi th ~ 161 and the
machine language program with
CfilJ (!2l . Display reverse in machine language program
is faster th an that of BASIC. You would know how functi ona l the machine language
pro
gram is .
EX. Write the following program after executing NEW &4100 IEM<A I .
10 11 A11 WA IT 0
20 PRI NT 11 s ha rp pocke t c ompu te r 11
~ FOR A= O TO 155
40 GCU RS OR A
50 GP RIN T 25 5-P O INT A
60 NEX T A
70 GO TO 30
80 E ND
100 II B II WA IT 0
11 0 PRI NT 11sha rp p oc ke t comP u t er11
l ~ POKE & 40 C5 • &68 •& 78 •& 6A •&40•
& FD • &6 2 · &25 · &B D ·& FF ·&2E·& 88 · &06
l~ POKE &4 0 0 1 •& 6C •&77 •& 93 ·&0E •&9A
140 CA LL &4 0C5
150 W AI T 20:PRI NT :G OT O 140
1 60 E ND
This manual is div id ed into three major secti ons : de scription of LSI (pp . 5""8 4: LH5801
Mi croproc essor & LH 5810/ I H58 I I 1/ 0 port cont roller). PC - 1500 hardwar e de sc ription
(pp.
85 ~ !09). and PC-1500 software de scripti on (pp. 1 11 ~ 141) .
If y ou want to know about PC-1500 system fi rst. read from p. K6 .
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