Tektronix 2445 User manual

Ifektronix
2445
OSCILLOSCOPE
OPERATORS
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
2445
OSCILLOSCOPE
OPERATORS

Tektronix
COMMITTED TO EXCELLENCE
PLEASE CHECK FOR CHAN E INFORMATION
AT THE REAR OF THIS MANUAL.
2445
OSCILLOSCOPE
OPERATORS
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Tektronix, Inc.
P.O. Box 500
Beaverton, Oregon 97077 Serial N um b er _____________________
070-3830-00
Produ t Group 38 First Printing OCT 1982
Revised JAN 1985
Tektronix, Inc.
P.O. Box 500
Beaverton, Oregon 97077
070-3830-00
Product Group 38
COMMITTEDTO EXCELLENCE
PLEASE CHECK
F0R
CHANGE INFORMATION
AT
THE REAR OF THIS MANUAL.
2445
OSCILLOSCOPE
OPIERATORS
INSTRUCTlON
MANUAL
Serial
Number
______
_
First Printing OCT 1982
Revised JAN
1985

Copyright © 1982 Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved.
Contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any
form without the written permission of Tektronix, Inc.
Products of Tektronix, Inc. and its subsidiaries are covered
by U.S. and foreign patents and/or pending patents.
TEKTRONIX, TEK, SCOPE-MOBILE, and are
registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. TELEQUIPMENT
is a registered trademark of Tektronix U.K. Limited.
Printed in U.S.A. Specification and price change privileges
are reserved.
INSTRUMENT SERIAL NUMBERS
Each instrument has a serial number on a panel insert, tag,
or stamped on the chassis. The first number or letter
designates the country of manufacture. The last five digits
of the serial number are assigned sequentially and are
unique to each instrument. Those manufactured in the
United States have six unique digits. The country of
manufacture is identified as follows:
B000000 Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, Oregon, USA
100000 Tektronix uernsey, Ltd., Channel Islands
200000 Tektronix United Kingdom, Ltd., London
300000 Sony/Tektronix, Japan
700000 Tektronix Holland, NV, Heerenveen,
The Netherlands
Copyright
©
1982 Tektronix,
Inc.
All
rights reserved.
Contents
of
this publication may not
be
reproduced
in
any
form without the written permission
of
Tektronix, Inc.
Products of Tektronix,
Inc.
and
its subsidiaries are covered
by
U.S. and foreign patents and/or pending patents.
TEKTRONIX, TEK, SCOPE-MOBILE, and
are
registered trademarks
of
Tektronix, Inc. TELEQUIPMENT
is
a registered trademark
of
Tektronix U
.K.
Limited.
Printed
in
U.S.A. Specification
and
price change privileges
are
reserved.
INSTRUMENT SERIAL
NUMBERS
Each
instrument has a serial number on a panel insert, tag,
or stamped
on
the chassis. The first number
or
letter
designates the country
of
manufacture. The last five digits
of the serial number
are
assigned sequentially and are
unique to each instrument. Those manufactured
in
the
United States have six unique digits. The country of
manufacture
is
identified
as
follows:
B000000
100000
200000
300000
700000
Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, Oregon, USA
Tektronix Guernsey, Ltd., Channel Islands
Tektronix United Kingdom, Ltd., London
Sony/Tektronix, Japan
Tektronix Holland,
NV
,
Heerenveen,
The Netherlands

2445 Operators
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Page
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ..........
LIST OF TABLES ............................
OPERATORS SAFETY SUMMARY
SECTION 1 SPECIFICATION
INTRODUCTION............................... 1-1
PERFORMANCE CONDITIONS .. . 1-1
SECTION 2 PREPARATION FOR USE
SAFETY .............................................. 2-1
LINE VOLTAGE SELECTION .... 2-1
LINE FUSE ......................................... 2-1
POWER CORD.................................... 2-1
INSTRUMENT COOLING ............... 2-1
START-UP ........................................... 2-2
REPACKAGING FOR SHIPMENT. . 2-2
SECTION 3 CONTROLS, CONNECTORS,
AND INDICATORS
POWER AND DISPLAY..................... 3-1
VERTICAL ......................................... 3-2
HORIZONTAL AND DELTA
MEASUREMENT............................. 3-4
TRIGGER ........................................... 3-7
REAR PANEL .................................... 3-9
READOUT DISPLAY .......................... 3-11
SECTION 4 OPERATIN CONSIDERATIONS
GRATICULE....................................... 4-1
TIME AND VOLTAGE
MEASUREMENTS ............................ 4-1
GROUNDING .................................... 4-1
SIGNAL CONNECTIONS .................. 4-2
INPUT-COUPLING CAPACITOR
PRECHARGING ................................. 4-2
EXTERNALTRIGGERING ............. 4-2
SECTION 5 OPERATOR'S CHECKS AND
ADJUSTMENTS
INTRODUCTION............................... 5-1
INITIAL SETUP ................................. 5-1‘
TRACE ROTATION
ADJUSTMENT.................................... 5-1
ASTIGMATISM ADJUSTMENT . . . 5-2
AUTO DC BALANCE
ADJUSTMENT .................................... 5-2
PROBE LOW-FREQUENCY
COMPENSATION............................... 5-2
MATCHING CHANNEL 2 DELAY. . 5-3
AMPLITUDE CHECK ....................... 5-4
TIMING CHECK ................................. 5-4
SECTION 6 BASIC APPLICATIONS
INDEX OF PROCEDURES ............... 6-1
VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT .......... 6-1
VOLTAGE RATIO ............................ 6-2
ALGEBRAIC ADDITION AND
ELIMINATING COMMON-MODE
SIGNALS . ........................................... 6-3
TIME INTERVAL............................... 6-4
FREQUENCY .................................... 6-4
TIME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
TWO TIME-RELATED PULSES . . . 6-5
TIME RATIO ...................................... 6-5
PHASE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
TWO TIME-RELATED SIGNALS . . 6-6
SMALL-ANGLE PHASE
DIFFERENCE.................................... 6-6
DELAYED-SWEEP OPERATION. . . 6-7
SECTION 7 OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES
INTRODUCTION............................... 7-1
OPTION 1R......................................... 7-1
POWER CORD OPTIONS .................. 7-1
STANDARD ACCESSORIES .......... 7-2
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES ............. 7-2
APPENDIX A POWER-UP TESTS
KERNEL TESTS ................................. A-1
CONFIDENCE TESTS ....................... A-1
CHAN E INFORMATION

2445 Operators
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
The 2445 Os illos ope...................................................................................................................... iv
2- 1 Line sele tor swit h, line fuse, and deta hable power ord ............................................................ 2-2
3- 1 Power and display ontrols............................................................................................................... 3-1
3-2 Verti al ontrols and CH 1 OR X and CH 2 onne tors.................................................................. 3-2
3-3 Channel 3 and Channel 4 ontrols and onne tors and CALIBRATOR o u tp u t ........................ 3-3
3-4 Horizontal and delta measurement ontrols ................................................................................... 3-4
3-5 Trigger ontrols and indi ators.......................................................................................................... 3-7
3-6 Rear-panel ontrols and onne tors......................................................................................................3-10
3- 7 Readout display lo ations.....................................................................................................................3-11
4- 1 Grati ule measurement markings..................................................................................................... 4-1
5- 1 Probe low-frequen y ompensation................................................................................................... 5-3
6- 1 Instantaneous d levels....................................................................................................................... 6-1
6-2 Voltage ratios...................................................................................................................................... 6-2
6-3 Eliminating ommon-mode signals .......................................................................................... 6-3
6-4 Measuring rise times............................................................................................................................ 6-4
6-5 Time differen e between two time-related pulses ( ursor m ethod)............................................. 6-5
6-6 Time ratios (duty y les).................................................................................................................. 6-6
6-7 Phase differen e between two time-related signals......................................................................... 6-7
6-8 Small-angle phase differen e............................................................................................................. 6-7
6-9 Time differen e between two time-related pulses (delayed-sweep method)................................ 6-9
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1-1 Electrical Characteristics.................................................................................................................... 1-2
1-2 Environmental Characteristics.......................................................................................................... 1-9
1- 3 Mechanical Characteristics.................................................................................................................. 1-10
2- 1 Voltage, Fuse, and Power-Cord Data................................................................................................ 2-3
A-1 Confidence Test Numbers and Descriptions................................................................................... A-1

2445 Operators
OPERATORS SAFETY SUMMARY
The general safety information in this part of the summary is for both operating and servicing personnel. Specific warnings
and cautions will be found throughout the manual where they apply and do not appear in this summary.
Terms in This Manual
CAUTION statements identify onditions or pra ti es
that ould result in damage to the equipment or other
property.
WARNING statements identify onditions or pra ti es
that ould result in personal injury or loss of life.
rounding the Product
This produ t is grounded through the grounding ondu tor
of the power ord. To avoid ele tri al sho k, plug the
power ord into a properly wired re eptable before on
ne ting to the produ t input or output terminals. A
prote tive ground onne tion by way of the grounding
ondu tor in the power ord is essential for safe operation.
Terms as Marked on Equipment
CAUTION indi ates a personal injury hazard not imme
diately a essible as one reads the markings, or a hazard to
property, in luding the equipment itself.
DANGER indi ates a personal injury hazard immediately
a essible as one reads the marking.
Danger Arising From Loss of round
Upon loss of the prote tive-ground onne tion, all a es
sible ondu tive parts (in luding knobs and ontrols that
may appear to be insulating) an render an ele tri sho k.
Symbols in This Manual
This symbol indi ates where appli able
A autionary or other information is to be
found. For maximum input voltage see
Table 1-1.
Use the Proper Power Cord
Use only the power ord and onne tor spe ified for
your produ t.
Use only a power ord that is in good ondition.
For detailed information on power ords and onne tors
see Table 2-1.
Symbols as Marked on Equipment
DANGER — High voltage.
Prote tive ground (earth) terminal.
Use the Proper Fuse
To avoid fire hazard, use only a fuse of the orre t type,
voltage rating and urrent rating as spe ified in the parts
list for your produ t.
A ATTENTION — Refer to manual.
Power Source
This produ t is intended to operate from a power sour e
that does not apply more than 250 volts rms between the
supply ondu tors or between either supply ondu tor and
ground. A prote tive ground onne tion by way of the
grounding ondu tor in the power ord is essential for safe
operation.
Do Not Operate in Explosive Atmospheres
To avoid explosion, do not operate this produ t in an
explosive atmosphere unless it has been spe ifi ally er
tified for su h operation.
Do Not Remove Covers or Panels
To avoid personal injury, do not remove the produ t
overs or panels. Do not operate the produ t without the
overs and panels properly installed.

2445 Operators

Section 1—2445 Operators
SPECIFICATION
INTRODUCTION
The TEKTRONIX 2445 Os illos ope is a portable
150-MHz instrument having a four- hannel verti al defle 
tion system. Channel 1 and Channel 2 provide alibrated
defle tion fa tors from 2 mV per division to 5 V per
division. For ea h of these hannels, input impedan e is
sele table between two values: either 1 M£2 in parallel
with 15 pF, or 50 12 internal termination. Input-signal
oupling with 1-M£2 impedan e an be sele ted as either
AC or DC. Channel 3 and Channel 4 have defle tion fa tors
of either 0.1 V or 0.5 V per division. Ea h of these hannels
has an input impedan e of 1 M£2 in parallel with 15 pF,
with DC input-signal oupling. Trigger ir uits enable stable
triggering over the full bandwidth of the verti al system.
The horizontal defle tion system provides alibrated
sweep speeds from 1.5 s per division to 1 ns per division.
Drive for the horizontal defle tion system is obtained from
a hoi e of A, B delayed, A alternated with B delayed
sweeps, or CH 1 (for the X-Y display mode).
The 2445 in orporates alphanumeri rt readouts of the
verti al and horizontal s ale fa tors, the trigger levels,
time-differen e measurement values, voltage-differen e
measurement values, and ertain auxiliary information.
The 2445 Os illos ope is shipped with the following
standard a essories:
2 Probe pa kages
1 Snap-lo k a essories pou h
1 Zip-lo k a essories pou h
1 Operators manual
1 Servi e manual
1 Power ord (installed)
1 2-A, 250-V fuse
1 Clear plasti rt filter
1 Blue plasti rt filter (installed)
1 Front-panel over
1 Operators po ket referen e ard
For part numbers and further information about both
standard and optional a essories, refer to "Options and
A essories" (Se tion 7) of this manual. Your Tektronix
representative or lo al Tektronix Field Offi e an also
provide a essories information and ordering assistan e.
PERFORMANCE CONDITIONS
The following ele tri al hara teristi s (Table 1-1)
are valid for the 2445 when it has been adjusted at an
ambient temperature between +20°C and +30°C, has had
a warm-up period of at least 20 minutes, and is operating
at an ambient temperature between —15°C and +55°C
(unless otherwise noted).
Items listed in the "Performan e Requirements" olumn
are verifiable qualitative or quantitative limits that define
the measurement apabilities of the instrument.
Environmental hara teristi s are given in Table 1-2.
The 2445 Os illos ope meets the environmental require
ments of MIL-T-28800C for Type III, Class 3, Style C
equipment, with the humidity and temperature require
ments defined in paragraphs 3.9.2.2, 3.9.2.3, and 3.9.2.4.
Me hani al hara teristi s of the 2445 are listed in
Table 1-3.
1-1

Specification—2445 Operators
Table 1-1
Characteristics
Electrical Characteristics
Performance Requirements
VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM-CHANNEL 1 AND CHANNEL 2
Defle tion Fa tor
Range 2 mV per division to 5 V per division in a 1-2-5 sequen e of 11 steps.
A ura y
+15°Cto +35° C Within ±2% at any VOLTS/DIV setting for a 4- or 5-division signal
entered on the s reen.
—15°C to +15°C and +35°Cto +55°C Add 1% to +15°C-to-+35°C spe ifi ation.
AV A ura y (using ursors over entire
grati ule area)
+ 15°C to +35°C ±(1.25% of reading + 0.03 division + signal aberrations).
—15°C to +15°C and +35°Cto +55°C Add 1% of reading to +15°C-to-+35°C spe ifi ation.
AV Range ± 8 times the VOLTS/DIV swit h setting.
Variable Range Continuously variable between VOLTS/DIV swit h settings. Extends
defle tion fa tor of the 5 V per division setting to at least 12.5 V
per division.
Frequen y Response (3 dB bandwidth)
— 15°C to +55°C
Six-division referen e signal from a terminated 50-0 system, with
VAR VOLTS/DIV ontrol in alibrated detent.
VOLTS/DIV
setting
— 3 dB bandwidth
with standard-accessory
probe or internal
50-Q termination
— 4.7 dB bandwidth
with 50-Q external
termination on
1-Mft input
2 mV DC to 80 MHz DC to 80 MHz
— 15°C to + 35°C 5 mV or greater DC to 150 MHz DC to 150 MHz
+ 35°C to + 55°C 5 mV or greater DC to 100 MHz DC to 100 MHz
AC Coupled Lower —3 dB Point
IX Probe 10 Hz or less.
10X Probe 1 Hz or less.
Step Response
Rise Time 2.33 ns or less for VOLTS/DIV swit h settings of 5 mV and up
( al ulated).
4.4 ns or less for VOLTS/DIV swit h setting of 2 mV ( al ulated).
Rise time al ulated from: bandwidth x rise time = 0.35.
Common-mode Reje tion Ratio (CMRR) At least 20:1 at 50 MHz for ommon-mode signals of eight divisions
or less, with VAR VOLTS/DIV ontrol adjusted for best CMRR at
50 kHz at any VOLTS/DIV swit h setting from 5 mV to 5 V; at
least 20:1 at 20 MHz at 2 mV per division.
1-2 REV MAR 1984

Specification—2445 Operators
Table 1-1 (cont)
Characteristics Performance Requirements
VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM-CHANNEL 1 AND CHANNEL 2 (cont)
Channel Isolation 100:1 or greater attenuation of the desele ted hannel at 100 MHz;
50:1 or greater attenuation at 150 MHz, for an eight-division input
signal from 2 mV per division to 500 mV per division, with equal
VOLTS/DIV swit h settings on both hannels.
Displayed Channel 2 Signal Delay with Respe t
to Channel 1 Signal Adjustable through a range of at least —500 ps to +500 ps.
Input R and C (1 MO)
Resistan e 1 MO ±0.5%.
Capa itan e 15 pF ±2 pF.
Maximum Input Voltage A400 V (d + peak a ).
800 V p-p a at 10 kHz or less.
Input R (50 O)
Resistan e 50 O ±1%.
VSWR (DC to 150 MHz) 1.3:1 or less.
Maximum Input Voltage
(DC Coupling Only) A5 V rms; 0.5 W-se onds during any 1-s interval for instantaneous
voltage from 5 V to 50 V.
Cas aded Operation CH 2 SIGNAL OUT into Channel 1 input; DC oupled using a
50-0 RG-58C/U oaxial able, terminated in 50 $7 at the Channel 1
input. Channel 1 and Channel 2 VOLTS/DIV swit h set to 2 mV.
Bandwidth D to 50 MHz or greater.
Defle tion Fa tor 400 mV per division ±10%.
VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM-CHANNEL 3 AND CHANNEL 4
Defle tion Fa tor
Values 0.1 V per division and 0.5 V per division.
A ura y Within ±10%.
Frequen y Response (3-dB Bandwidth) Six-division referen e signal, from a terminated 50-0 system.
— 3 dB Bandwidth
With standard accessory probe — 4.7 dB Bandwidth
With external 50-0 termination
DC to 150 MHz DC to 150 MHz
Step Response
Rise Time 2.33 ns or less ( al ulated from bandwidth).
Channel Isolation 50:1 or greater attenuation of the desele ted hannel at 100 MHz
with an eight-division input signal.
REV MAY 1984 1-3

Specification—2445 Operators
Table 1-1 (cont)
Characteristics Performance Requirements
VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM-CHANNEL 3 AND CHANNEL 4 (cont)
Input R and C
Resistan e 1 M£2±1%.
Capa itan e 15 pF ±3 pF.
Maximum Input Voltage ^ 400 V (d + peak a );
800 V p-p a at 10 kHz or less.
VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM-ALL CHANNELS 1
Low-frequen y Linearity 0.1 division or less ompression or expansion of a two-division,
enter-s reen signal when positioned anywhere within the grati ule
area.
Bandwidth Limiter Redu es upper 3-dB bandpass to a limit of 13 MHz to 24 MHz.
Verti al Signal Delay At least 20 ns of the sweep is displayed before the triggering event
is displayed.
Chopped Mode Swit hing Rate Verti al display swit hes sequentially through the sele ted hannels
at the hop swit hing rate. If the B SEC/DIV swit h is set to sweep
speeds outside the range of 20 ps per division to 2 ps per division,
the swit hing rate is 1 MHz ±0.2% (dual- hannel y le rate of
500 kHz). If the B SEC/DIV swit h is set within the range of 20 /jls
per division to 2 ps per division, the swit hing rate is 2.5 MHz ±0.2%
(dual- hannel y le rate of 1.25 MHz). At all sweep speeds, the
hop swit hing rate is desyn hronized with the sweep frequen y to
minimize waveform breaks when viewing repetitive signals.
TRI ERIN
Minimum P-P Signal Amplitude for Stable Triggering
from Channel 1 or Channel 2 Sour e
DC Coupled 0.35 division from d to 50 MHz, in reasing to 1 division at 150 MHz,
1.5 divisions at 250 MHz in ADD MODE.
NOISE REJ Coupled 1.2 divisions or less from d to 50 MHz, in reasing to 3 divisions at
150 MHz, 4.5 divisions at 250 MHz in ADD MODE.
AC Coupled 0.35 division from 60 Hz to 50 MHz, in reasing to 1 division at
150 MHz, 1.5 divisions at 250 Mhz in ADD MODE. Attenuates
signals below 60 Hz.
HF REJ Coupled 0.5 division from d to 30 kHz. '
LF REJ Coupled 0.5 division from 80 kHz to 50 MHz, in reasing to 1 division at
150 MHz, 1.5 divisions at 250 MHz in ADD MODE.
Minimum P-P Signal Amplitude for Stable Triggering
from Channel 3 or Channel 4 Sour e Amplitudes are one-half of Channel 1 or Channel 2 sour e
spe ifi ation.
Minimum P-P Signal Amplitude for Stable Triggering
from Composite, Multiple Channel Sour e in ALT
Verti al Mode
Add 1 division to single- hannel sour e spe ifi ations.
1-4 REV MAY 1984

Specification-2445 Operators
Table 1-1 (cont)
Characteristics Performance Requirements
TRI ERIN (cont)
Maximum P-P Signal Reje ted by NOISE REJ
COUPLING for Signals Within the Verti al Bandwidth
Channel 1 or Channel 2 Sour e 0.4 division or greater for VOLTS/DIV swit h settings of 10 mV
and higher.
Channel 3 or Channel 4 Sour e 0.2 division or greater.
Jitter Less than 100 ps at 150 MHz with A and B SEC/DIV swit h set to
10 ns, X I0 MAG on, and 5 divisions of amplitude.
LEVEL Control Range
Channel 1 or Channel 2 Sour e ± 18 times the VOLTS/DIV swit h setting.
Channel 3 or Channel 4 Sour e ± 9 times the VOLTS/DIV swit h setting.
LEVEL Control Readout A ura y (for triggering
signals with transition times greater than 10 ns)
Channel 1 or Channel 2 Sour e
DC Coupled
+ 15°C to +35°C Within ±[3% of setting + 3% of p-p signal + 0.2 division + 0.5 mV
-1- (0.5 mV x probe attenuation fa tor)].
— 15° C to +55°C
(ex luding +15°Cto +35°C) Add (1.5 mV x probe attenuation fa tor) to the spe ifi ation listed for +15°C to +35°C.
NOISE REJ Coupled Add ±0.6 division to the DC Coupled spe ifi ation.
Channel 3 or Channel 4 Sour e Within ±[3% of setting + 4% of p-p signal + 0.1 division + (0.5 mV
x probe attenuation fa tor)].
SLOPE Sele tion Conforms to trigger-sour e waveform or a power-sour e waveform.
AUTO LVL Mode Maximum Triggering Signal Period
A SEC/DIV Swit h Setting Less than 10 ms At least 20 ms.
A SEC/DIV Swit h Setting from 10 ms to 50 ms At least four times the A SEC/DIV swit h setting.
A SEC/DIV Swit h Setting from 100 ms to 500 ms At least 200 ms.
AUTO Mode Maximum Triggering Signal Period
A SEC/DIV Swit h Setting Less than 10 ms At least 80 ms.
A SEC/DIV Swit h Setting from 10 ms to 50 ms At least 16 times the A SEC/DIV swit h setting.
A SEC/DIV Swit h Setting from 100 ms to 500 ms At least 800 ms.
AUTO LVL Mode Trigger A quisition Time Eight to 100 times the AUTO LVL Mode maximum triggering-signal
period, depending on the triggering-signal period and waveform.
REV MAY 1984 1-5

Specification—2445 Operators
Table 1-1 (cont)
Characteristics Performance Requirements
HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM
A Sweep Time Base Range 1 s per division to 10 ns per division in a 1-2-5 sequen e of 25 steps.
X I0 MAG feature extends maximum sweep speed to 1 ns per
division.
B Sweep Time Base Range 50 ms per division to 10 ns per division in a 1-2-5 sequen e of
21 steps. X10 MAG feature extends maximum sweep speed to
1 ns per division.
SEC/DIV VAR Control Continuously variable and alibrated between settings of the SEC/
DIV swit h. Extends slowest A Sweep speed to 1.5 s per division.
Operates in onjun tion with the A SEC/DIV swit h when A and B
are lo ked together; operates in onjun tion with the B SEC/DIV
swit h when A and B are not lo ked together.
Timing A ura y (+15°C to +35°C, SEC/DIV
swit h set to 0.1 s per division or less)
A and B Sweep A ura y, Time Intervals
Measured at Verti al Center with SEC/DIV
VAR Control in Detent
Unmagnified Magnified
± (0.7% of time interval
+ 0.6% of full s ale). ± (1.2% of time interval + 0.6% of full s ale).
0.6% of full s ale is 0.06 division.
At A ura y, Time Intervals Measured with
Cursors, Anywhere on the Grati ule
(A Sweep Only)
Unmagnified Magnified
± (0.5% of time interval
+ 0.3% of full s ale). ± (1%' of time interval + 0.3% of full s ale).
At A ura y, Time Intervals Measured with
Delayed B Sweep with Both Delays Set at 1%
or More of Full S ale from Minimum Delay
(no ? displayed in readout)
± (0.3% of time interval + 0.1% of full s ale).
Delay A ura y, A Sweep Trigger Point to Start
of B Sweep ± (0.3% of delay setting + 0.6% of full s ale) — 25 ns.
Timing A ura y (A SEC/DIV swit h set to 0.5 s or
0.2 s per division) Add ±0.5% of time interval to all a ura y spe ifi ations.
Timing A ura y (A SEC/DIV swit h set to 1 s per
division) Add ±2% of time interval to all a ura y spe ifi ations.
Timing A ura y (SEC/DIV VAR ontrol out of
detent) Add 2% of time interval to the A and B Sweep A ura y
spe ifi ation.
Timing A ura y (—15°C to +15°C and +35°C
to +55° C) Add ±0.2% of time interval to all At and delay spe ifi ations. Add
±0.5% of time interval to A and B Sweep a ura y spe ifi ations.
At Readout Resolution Greater of either 20 ps or 0.025% of full s ale.
At Range ± 10 times the A SEC/DIV swit h setting.
Delay Pi koff Jitter Within 0.004% (one part or less in 25,000) of the maximum
available delay, plus 100 ps.
1-6

Specification—2445 Operators
Table 1-1 (cont)
Characteristics Performance Requirements
HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM (cont)
Delay Time Position Range 0 to 9.95 times the A SEC/DIV swit h setting. Main sweep triggering
event is observable on delayed sweep with zero delay setting.
X-Y Operation
X-Axis Defle tion Fa tor
Range Same as Channel 1.
A ura y Same as Channel 1.
Variable Range Same as Channel 1.
X-Axis Bandwidth D to 3 MHz.
Input R and C Same as Channel 1.
Phase Differen e Between X and Y with Normal
Bandwidth 1° or less from d to 1 MHz;
3° or less from 1 MHz to 2 MHz.
X-Axis Low-Frequen y Linearity 0.2 division or less ompression or expansion of a two-division,
enter-s reen signal when positioned within the display area.
CURSOR AND FRONT-PANEL DISPLAY
Cursor Position Range
Delta Volts (AV) At least the enter 7.6 verti al divisions.
Delta Time (At) At least the enter 9.6 horizontal divisions.
Minimum Setup Time Required to Maintain
Front-panel Settings at Power-down 10 se onds or less.
Z-AXIS INPUT
Sensitivity Positive voltage de reases intensity. From d to 2 MHz, +2 V blanks
a maximum-intensity tra e; from 2 MHz to 20 MHz, +2 V modulates
a normal-intensity tra e.
Input Resistan e 10 kft ±10%.
Maximum Input Voltage ^ ±25 V peak; 25 V p-p a at 10 kHz or less.
SI NAL OUTPUTS
CALIBRATOR
Output Voltage and Current 0.4 V ±1% into a 1-M£2 load, 0.2 V ±1.5% into a 50-£2 load, or
8 mA ±1.5% into a short ir uit, with the A SEC/DIV swit h set to
1 ms per division.
Repetition Period Two times the A SEC/DIV swit h setting within the range of 200 ns
to 200 ms.
A ura y ±0.1%, measured with SGL SEQ A TRIGGER MODE sele ted.
1-7

Specification—2445 Operators
Table 1-1 (cont)
Characteristics Performance Requirements
SI NAL OUTPUTS (cont)
CALIBRATOR ( ont)
Symmetry Duration of high portion of output y le is 50% of output period
± (lesser of 500 ns or 25% of period).
Jitter of Pulse Period or Pulse Width 10 ns or less.
CH 2 SIGNAL OUT
Output Voltage 20 mV per division ±10% into 1 M£2;
10 mV per division ±10% into 50 £2.
Offset ±10 mV into 50 f2, when d balan e has been performed within
±5°C of the operating temperature.
A GATE OUT and B GATE OUT
Output Voltage 2.4 V to 5 V positive-going pulse, starting at 0 V to 0.4 V.
Output Drive Will supply 400 juA during HI state; will sink 2 mA during LO state.
CRT
Display 80 mm x 100 mm.
Standard Phosphor P31.
Nominal A elerating Potential 16 kV.
AC POWER SOURCE
Sour e Voltage
Ranges
115 V 90 V to 132 V.
230 V 180 V to 250 V.
Sour e Frequen y 48 Hz to 440 Hz.
Fuse Rating 2 A, 250 V, AGC/3AG, Fast blow;
or 1.6 A, 250 V, 5 x 20 mm, Qui k-a ting (F).
Power Consumption
Typi al 70 W (140 VA).
Maximum 120 W (180 VA).
Primary Cir uit Diele tri Voltage Withstand Test 1500 V rms, 60 Hz for 10 s without breakdown.
Primary Grounding Type test to 0.1 f2 maximum. Routine test to he k grounding
ontinuity between hassis ground and prote tive earth ground.
1-8

Specification—2445 Operators
Table 1-2
Environmental Characteristics
Characteristics Performance Requirements
The 2445 Os illos ope meets the environmental requirements of
MIL-T-28800C for Type III, Class 3, Style C equipment, with the
humidity and temperature requirements defined in paragraphs
3.9.2.2, 3.9.2.3, and 3.9.2.4.
Temperature
Operating — 15°C to +55°C.
Nonoperating (storage) — 62°C to +85°C.
Altitude
Operating To 15,000 ft. Maximum temperature de reases 1°C for ea h 1,000
ft. above 5,000 ft.
Nonoperating (storage) To 50,000 ft.
Humidity (operating and nonoperating) Stored at 95% relative humitidy for five y les (120 hours) from 30 °C
to 60°C, with operational performan e he ks at 30°C and 55°C.
Vibration (operating) 15 minutes along ea h of three axes at a total displa ement of 0.025
in h p-p (4 g at 55 Hz), with frequen y varied from 10 Hz to 55 Hz in
one-minute sweeps. Held 10 minutes at ea h major resonan e, or if
none existed, held 10 minutes at 55 Hz (75 minutes total test time).
Sho k (operating and nonoperating) 50 g, half-sine, 1-ms duration, three sho ks on ea h fa e, for a total
of 18 sho ks.
Transit Drop (not in shipping pa kage) 12-in h drop on ea h orner and ea h fa e (MIL-T-28800C,
para 3.9.5.2 and 4.5.5.4.2).
Ben h Handling (with and without abinet installed) MIL-STD-810C, Method 516.2, Pro edure V (MIL-T-28800C,
para 4.5.5.4.3).
EMI (ele tromagneti interferen e) Meets MIL-T-28800C; MIL-STD-461B, Part 4 (CE-03 and CS-02),
Part 5 (CS-06 and RS-02), and Part 7 (CS-01, RE-02, and RE-
03—limited to 1 GHz); VDE 0871, Catagory B; Part 15 of FCC Rules
and Regulations, Subpart J, Class A; and Tektronix Standard 062-
2866-00.
Topple (operating with abinet installed) Set on rear feet and allowed to topple over onto ea h of four
adja ent fa es (Tektronix Standard 062-2858-00).
Pa kaged Transportation Drop Meets the limits of the National Safe Transit Asso iation test
pro edure 1A-B-2; 10 drops of 36 in hes (Tektronix Standard 062-
2858-00).
Pa kaged Transportation Vibration Meets the limits of the National Safe Transit Asso iation test
pro edure 1A-B-1; ex ursion of 1 in h p-p at 4.63 Hz (1.1 g) for 30
minutes (Tektronix Standard 062-2858-00).
REV MAY 1984 1-9

Specification—2445 Operators
Table 1-3
Mechanical Characteristics
Characteristics Description
Weight
With A essories and Pou h 10.2 kg (22.4 lb).
Without A essories and Pou h 9.3 kg (20.5 lb).
Domesti Shipping Weight 12.8 kg (28.2 lb).
Height
With Feet and A essories Pou h 190 mm (7.5 in).
Without A essories Pou h 160 mm (6.3 in).
Width (with handle) 330 mm (13.0 in).
Depth
With Front-Panel Cover 434 mm (17.1 in).
With Handle Extended 505 mm (19.9 in).
Cooling For ed-air ir ulation.
Finish Tektronix Blue vinyl- lad material on aluminum abinet.
Constru tion Aluminum-alloy hassis (sheet metal). Die- ast aluminum front
panel. Glass-laminate ir uit boards.
1-10

Section 2-2445 Operators
PREPARATION FOR USE
SAFETY
This se tion tells how to prepare for and to pro eed
with the initial start-up of the TEKTRONIX 2445
Os illos ope.
Refer to the Safety Summary at the front of this manual
for power sour e, grounding, and other safety onsider
ations pertaining to the use of the instrument. Before on
ne ting the os illos ope to a power sour e, read entirely
both this se tion and the Safety Summary.
This instrument may be damaged if operated with
the LIN VOLTAG S L CTOR switch set for the
wrong applied ac input-source voltage or if the
wrong line fuse is installed.
LINE VOLTA E SELECTION
The 2445 operates from either a 115-V or a 230-V
nominal a power-input sour e having line frequen y
ranging from 48 Hz to 440 Hz. Before onne ting the
power ord to a power-input sour e, verify that the LINE
VOLTAGE SELECTOR swit h, lo ated on the rear panel
(see Figure 2-1), is set for the orre t nominal a input-
sour e voltage. To onvert the instrument for operation
from one line-voltage range to the other, move the LINE
VOLTAGE SELECTOR swit h to the orre t nominal
a sour e-voltage setting (see Table 2-1). The deta hable
power ord may have to be hanged to mat h the parti ular
power-sour e output.
LINE FUSE
To verify that the instrument power-input fuse is of
proper value for the nominal a sour e voltage sele ted,
perform the following pro edure:
1. Press in the fuse-holder ap and release it with a
slight ounter lo kwise rotation.
2. Pull the ap (with the atta hed fuse inside) out of
the fuse holder.
3. Verify proper fuse value (see Table 2-1).
4. Install the proper fuse and reinstall the fuse-holder
ap.
NOTE
The two types of fuses listed are not directly inter
changeable; they require different types of fuse caps.
POWER CORD
This instrument has a deta hable, three-wire power ord
with a three- onta t plug for onne tion to both the power
sour e and prote tive ground. The power ord is se ured to
the rear panel by a ord-set-se uring lamp. The prote tive-
ground onta t on the plug onne ts (through the power-
ord prote tive grounding ondu tor) to the a essible
metal parts of the instrument. For ele tri al-sho k pro
te tion, insert this plug into a power-sour e outlet that has
a properly grounded prote tive-ground onta t.
Instruments are shipped with the required power ord
as ordered by the ustomer. Available power- ord informa
tion is presented in Table 2-1, and part numbers are listed
in "Options and A essories" (Se tion 7). Conta t your
Tektronix representative or lo al Tektronix Field Offi e
for additional power- ord information.
INSTRUMENT COOLIN
To prevent instrument damage from overheated om
ponents, adequate internal airflow must be maintained at
all times. Before turning on the power, first verify that both
the air-intake holes on the bottom of the abinet and the
fan-exhaust holes in the rear panel are free of any obstru 
tion to airflow.
2-1

Preparation for Use—2445 Operators
Figure 2-1. Line selector switch, line fuse, and detachable power cord.
START-UP
The 2445 automati ally performs power-up tests ea h
time the instrument is turned on. The purpose of these
tests is to provide the user with the highest possible on
fiden e level that the instrument is fully fun tional. If no
faults are en ountered, the power-up tests normally will be
ompleted in under five se onds, after whi h the instru
ment will enter the normal operating mode. A failure of
any of the power-up tests will be indi ated by either a
flashing TRIG'D indi ator on the instrument front panel or
a bottom-line readout on the rt in the form: TEST XX
FAIL YY (where XX is the test number and YY is the
failure ode of the failed test).
If a failure of any power-up test o urs, the instrument
may still be usable for some appli ations. To put the
instrument into the operating mode after a power-up test
failure, press the A/B TRIG button. If the instrument then
fun tions for your parti ular measurement requirement, it
may be used, but refer it to a qualified servi e te hni ian
for repair of the problem at the earliest onvenien e.
Additional information on the power-up tests may be
found in Appendix A at the rear of this manual. Consult
your servi e department, your lo al Tektronix Servi e
Center, or nearest Tektronix representative if additional
assistan e is needed.
REPACKA IN FOR SHIPMENT
If this instrument is to be shipped by ommer ial
transportation, it is re ommended that it be pa kaged in
the original manner. The arton and pa kaging material in
whi h your instrument was shipped to you should be saved
and used for this purpose.
If the original pa kaging is unfit for use or is not avail
able, repa kage the instrument as follows:
1. Obtain a orrugated ardboard shipping arton
having inside dimensions at least six in hes greater
than the instrument dimensions and having a arton
test strength of at least 275 pounds.
2. If the instrument is to be shipped to a Tektronix
Servi e Center for servi e or repair, atta h a tag to
the instrument showing the following: owner of the
instrument (with address), the name of a person at
your firm who an be onta ted, omplete instru
ment type and serial number, and a des ription of the
servi e required.
22

3. Wrap the instrument with polyethylene sheeting or
equivalent to prote t the outside finish and prevent
entry of pa king materials into the instrument.
4. Cushion the instrument on all sides by tightly pa king
dunnage or urethane foam between the arton and
the instrument, allowing three in hes on ea h side.
Preparation for Use—2445 Operators
5. Seal the arton with shipping tape or with an indus
trial stapler.
6. Mark the address of the Tekronix Servi e Center and
your return address on the arton in one or more
prominent lo ations.
Table 2-1
Voltage, Fuse, and Power-Cord Data
Plug
Configuration Category Power Cord
And
Plug Type
Line
Voltage
Selector
Setting
Voltage
Range
(AC)
Factory
Installed
Instrument
Fuse
Fuse
Holder
Cap Reference
Standards11
U.S.
Domesti
Standard
U.S.
120V
15A 115V 90V to
132V
2A, 250V
AGC/3AG
Fast-blow
(UL 198.6)
AGC/3AG
ANSI C73.11
NEMA 5-15-P
IEC 83
UL 198.6
Option A1 EURO
240V
10-1 6A 230V 180V to
250V
1.6A, 250V
5x20 mm
Slow-blow
(IEC 127)
5><20 mm CEE(7), II, IV, VII IEC 83
IEC 127
Option A2 UKB
240V
6A 230V 180V to
250V
1.6A, 250V
5x20 mm
Slow-blow
(IEC 127)
5x20 mm BS 1363
IEC 83
IEC 127
Option A3 Australian
240V
10A 230V 180V to
250V
1 6A, 250V
5x20 mm
Slow-blow
(IEC 127)
5X20 mm AS Cl 12
IEC 127
Option A4
North
Ameri an
240V
15A
230V 180V to
250V
2A, 250V
AGC/3AG
Slow-blow
(UL 198.6) AGC/3AG
ANSI C73.20
NEMA 6-15-P
IEC 83
UL 198.6
Option A5 Switzerland
220V
6A 230V 180V to
250V
1,6A, 250V
5x20 mm
Slow-blow
(IEC 127)
5x20 mm SEV
IEC 127
a A 6A, Type C fuse is also installed inside the plug of the Option A2 power cord.
b Reference Standards Abbreviations:
ANSI—American National Standards Institute IEC—International Electrotechnical Commission
AS—Standards Association of Australia NEMA—National Electrical Manufacturer's Association
BS—British Standards Institution SEV—Schweizevischer Elektrotechischer Verein
CEE—International Commission on Rules for UL—Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
the Approval of Electrical Equipment (3832-02)3830-15
REV JUL 1984 2-3