Tektronix 214 User manual

Tektronix
,
Inc.
P.O.
Box 500
Beaverton
,
Oregon
97077
070-5054-00
Product
Group
40
Tektronix
COMMITTED
TO
EXCELLENCE
PLEASE
CHECK
FOR
CHANGE
INFORMATION
AT
THE REAR OF
THIS
MANUAL
.
214
OSCILLOSCOPE
OPERATORS
SN
B300000 &
ABOVE
INSTRUCTION
Serial Number
MANUAL
First Printing APR 1984
Revised MAR 1985

Copyright
1973 ,
1984
Tektronix ,
Inc. All
rights
reserved
.
Contents of
this publication
may not
be
reproduced in any
form
without the
written
permission of
Tektronix
, Inc.
Products
of
Tektronix , Inc.
and
its
subsidiaries
are
covered
by
U.S. and
foreign
patents and / or
pending
patents
.
TEKTRONIX
,
TEK
,
SCOPE -
MOBILE ,
and
registered
trademarks of
Tektronix , Inc.
TELEQUIPMENT
is
a
registered
trademark
of
Tektronix
U.K.
Limited .
TRONIX
Printed in U.S.A. Specification and price change privileges
are
reserved .
INSTRUMENT SERIAL NUMBERS
are
Each instrument has a serial number on a panel insert , tag ,
or
stamped
on the
chassis
. The
first
number or
letter
designates the
country of
manufacture
.
The
last five digits
of the serial number are assigned sequentially and are
unique to
each
instrument .
Those
manufactured
in the
United States have six unique digits . The country of
manufacture
is
identified as
follows :
8000000
Tektronix , Inc. , Beaverton , Oregon , USA
Tektronix
Guernsey , Ltd.
, Channel
Islands
100000
200000
Tektronix United Kingdom , Ltd. , London
300000
700000
Sony / Tektronix , Japan
Tektronix Holland , NV , Heerenveen ,
The
Netherlands

LIST OF
ILLUSTRATIONS
LIST
OF
TABLES .
OPERATORS
SAFETY
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
SAFETY
CONSIDERATIONS .
ACCESSORIES ..
CONTROLS AND
CONNECTORS
FRONT
PANEL CONTROLS
LEFT SIDE
PANEL
CONTROLS ..
RIGHT SIDE
PANEL
CONTROLS .
OPERATING
CONSIDERATIONS
OPERATING POWER INFORMATION
INTERNAL
BATTERY
OPERATION
BATTERY
CHARGING
..
AC OPERATION ....
INTENSITY
CONTROL .
GRATICULE ..
CRT
CARE
SIGNAL
CONNECTIONS
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
GROUNDING ....
INPUT
COUPLING
INSTRUMENT
FAMILIARIZATION
VERTICAL CHANNEL SELECTION
VERTICAL DEFLECTION FACTOR ..
TRIGGER SOURCE ..
TRIGGER SLOPE ..
Page
ii
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
LO 5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
8
8
8
8
8
TRIGGER LEVEL .
AUTO PRESET
STORAGE OPERATION .
SWEEP MODE ...
AUTO
NORM .
SINGLE SWEEP .
HORIZONTAL
SWEEP
RATE .
X - Y
OPERATION .....
OPERATOR'S
ADJUSTMENTS
EQUIPMENT
REQUIRED .
VERT GAIN
CHECK
...
STEP
ATTENUATOR
BALANCE
.
HORIZONTAL GAIN
CHECK .
HORIZONTAL
TIMING
CHECK
FOCUS ......
AUTO
PRESET .
BASIC APPLICATIONS
VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS
AC
SIGNALS ..
TIME -
DURATION
MEASUREMENTS
214 OPERATORS
SN B300000 & ABOVE
FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS ..
RISETIME MEASUREMENTS
PHASE MEASUREMENTS ...
RANDOM SIGNAL MEASUREMENTS
LOW - FREQUENCY SIGNALS
OPTIONS
OPTION 1
OPTION 2
SPECIFICATION
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
13
.
13
13
14
15
.
15
. 15
. 16
17
18
18
18
19
i

214 OPERATORS
SN B300000 & ABOVE
ii
Figure
1
2
3
4
5
567U
8
Table
1
2
LIST
OF
ILLUSTRATIONS
The 214
Oscilloscope ..
Rear
panel
showing
insulated compartment
Front panel controls ....
Right
side panel
controls
....
Definition
of
measurement lines on
the 214
graticule
Measuring
peak - to -
peak
voltage .
Measuring the
time duration
between
points on
a
waveform
.
Measuring
risetime
....
Measuring
phase
difference
Test
Equipment .
Specifications
LIST
OF
TABLES
Page
iv
1
2
3
10
13
15
15
16
Page
11
19
ï

OPERATORS
SAFETY
SUMMARY
Terms in This Manual
The general
safety
information
in
this part of the
summary
is for
both
operating and
servicing
personnel
. Specific
warnings
and
cautions will be
found
throughout the
manual
where they
apply and do
not
appear in this
summary
.
CAUTION
statements identify
conditions or
practices
that could result in damage to the equipment or other
property
.
WARNING statements identify conditions or practices
that could result in personal injury or loss of life .
Terms as
Marked on
Equipment
214
OPERATORS
SN
B300000
&
ABOVE
CAUTION indicates a personal injury hazard not
immediately accessible as one reads the markings , or a
hazard to property , including the equipment itself .
DANGER
indicates a
personal
injury
hazard
immediately
accessible as one reads
the
marking .
Symbols
in
This Manual
This symbol
indicates where
applicable
cautionary or
other
information is to be
found .
Symbols as Marked on Equipment
4
DANGER -
High
voltage
.
Protective ground ( earth ) terminal .
ATTENTION - Refer to manual .
iii

214 OPERATORS
SN B300000 & ABOVE
iv
I
CH
1
08
INPUT
COUPLING
Al
OC
B
STEP
ATTEN
BAL
INPUT COUPLING
At GNO
Di
CH 2
AY )
STEP
ATTEN
BA
Tektronix
POSITION
POS
POSITION
POS
HEADY
/
VAR
V / DIV
CAL
VAR V / DIV
VAR
CAL
STORE
VOLTS
/
DIV
SINGLE
(
EXT
SWP
T
RESET
ERASE
214
STORAGE
OSCILLOSCOPE
CH1
HORIZ )
POWER
BATTERY
VERT
MODE
CH2
TRICKER
AUTO
PRESET
LEVEL
/ SLOPE
BOYN
CH 2
9181
AU
PRESE
INT
INTENSITY
90
SWP
CAL
TRIG
SOURCE
COMP CR 2
EXY
FOCUS
HORIZ
MAG
VAR
CAL
POS
WORIZ
SEC
DIV
EXT TRIG
Tektronix 214 Dual - Trace Storage Oscilloscope .
COMMON
00:27
5054-01
C

The
Tektronix 214
Storage
Oscilloscope is a
solid -
state
portable
instrument
designed
for
general
-
purpose
applications where display storage is desired , along with
conventional ( NONSTORE ) operation . The instrument is
mechanically contructed to withstand the extremes
associated with portability . The small size of the 214 makes
it an extremely portable oscilloscope for on - location
maintenance im many fields
of
application .
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
INTRODUCTION
INSULATED
COMPARTMENT
WARNING
When battery operated , store the AC plug in the
insulated compartment , see Fig . 1. The RFI circuitry
connected between the instrument common and the
AC power plug can cause small amounts of current
from an
elevated reference to be
present
on the
AC
power plug
, imposing
a
possible
shock hazard
.
SHOWN CLOSED
5052-04
Fig . 1. Rear panel showing insulated compartment .
1
The instrument is shipped with the following standard
accessories :
1
1
1
1
ACCESSORIES
Visor ,
CRT
214 OPERATORS
SN B300000 & ABOVE
Case ,
Carrying
Strap , Carrying
Operators
manual
Service manual
For part numbers and further information about both
standard and optional accessories
refer to
the
" Accessories " page at the back of this manual . Your
Tektronix representative or local Tektronix Field Office can
also
provide
accessories
information
.
1

214 OPERATORS
SN
B300000 &
ABOVE
Controls
and
connectors
necessary
for
operation of the
214 are located on the front and right side panels of the
instrument . The power on off switch is located on the lower
left side of the instrument . Vertical controls are color - coded
with the tip of the corresponding probe . To make full use of
the capabilities of this instrument , the operator should be
familiar with the function and use of each control and
connector
.
8
CONTROLS AND CONNECTORS
ABD
2
2 3
5888888888
4
5
FRONT PANEL CONTROLS
1 )
READY LED -
Indicates sweep has
been reset
and a
single display will be presented upon receipt of an
adequate trigger signal .
2 )
SINGLE
SWP -
When
pushed , the
sweep
operates
in
the
Single
Sweep
mode
. After
a
sweep is
displayed ,
further sweeps cannot be presented until the RESET
button is pressed and released . Automatic Enhance
occures
in
SINGLE SWP
storage at
sweep rates of
0.1 ms / div and above .
Fig . 2. Front panel controls .
COMMON and probe
ground
straps
are
electrically
connected . Therefore , an elevated reference applied
to
any
ground is present on
the others - as
indicated by
the yellow warning bands under the probe retractable
hook tips , and the ground strap protective coverings .
6
WARNING
1
³
7
5054-02
3 ) RESET - When pressed and in the Single Sweep
mode
, a single display
will be
presented after correct
triggering . Must
be pressed again
before another
sweep
can
be
displayed
.
When
VERT
MODE
switch
is
set to BOTH , only one channel will be displayed for
each
RESET
actuation
.
4 ) STORE - When pushed , the CRT operates in the
Storage mode . With the button out , the CRT operates
in the conventional , NONSTORE , mode . Automatic
Enhance provides faster storage capabilities when in
SINGLE SWP at sweep rates of 0.1 ms / div and faster .
1

5 ERASE - Momentary contact switch that , when
pushed and released , erases a stored display from the
CRT .
6 POWER ( BATTERY ) -Red LED to indicate when the
instrument is on .
When
light
extinguishes ,
battery
charge
is
low and
about
five
minutes of
operating life
remains .
7
VOLTS
LTS
/
DIV
-
Selects
vertical
deflection
factor
( vertical VAR must be in the CAL position for
indicated
deflection
)
.
LEFT SIDE PANEL CONTROLS
8 Power ON - OFF - Turns the instrument on or off
regardless of whether the internal battery source or
an external AC source is being used . Does not
interrupt charging current to the internal batteries
when the
instrument is
connected to AC
line
voltage
.
RIGHT
SIDE PANEL
CONTROLS
AND
CONNECTORS
9
INPUT
COUPLING -
Selects
method
used
to
couple
the
channel input
signal to the
vertical
amplifier
system .
AC - Input
signal is
capacitively coupled to
the
vertical
amplifier
.
The dc
component of
input signal
is
blocked . Low -
frequency limit ( -3
db
point ) is
approximately 2
Hz .
GND -
Vertical amplifier input
circuit
is
grounded
( does not ground the input signal ) . Allows
precharging the input coupling capacitor .
9
¬
10
12
14
15
(
11 )
( 13
( 10 ) STEP
ATTEN BAL -
Screwdriver
adjustment to
balance the vertical system for minimum trace shift
when
changing deflection
factors
.
DC - All
frequency
components
of
the input
signal
are coupled to the vertical amplifier system .
( 11 ) Vertical POS - Controls the vertical position of the
appropriate
trace .
( 12 ) VAR VOLTS
/ DIV -
Provides
a
continuously variable
uncalibrated deflection factor between the calibrated
settings of the
VOLTS
/ DIV
switch .
214 OPERATORS
SN B300000 & ABOVE
( 13 ) VERT MODE
- Selects the
mode of
operation for the
vertical
amplifier
system .
CH 1 - Selects
only the Channel
1 input signal for
display
.
17
19
16 18
BOTH - Selects both Channel 1 and Channel 2
input signals for display .
CH 2 - Selects
only the Channel 2
input signal for
display
.
( 14 )
AUTO
PRESET
-
Screwdriver
adjustment to
set the
PRESET
trigger
point
for
AUTO
sweep operation .
( 15 )
LEVEL /
SLOPE
-
Selects
the
amplitude point
and
slope of
the
trigger
signal
on
which the
sweep
is
triggered . When the indicator dot is to the left of
center , the
sweep is
triggered on the positive -
going
slope of the
trigger signal
; to the right
of center ,
on
the negative - going slope . When the LEVEL / SLOPE
contol
is
set to
the
AUTO
PRESET
detent
, the
sweep
is automatically triggered at a preset level on the
positive - going
slope .
( 16 )
INTENSITY
-
Controls
brightness
of
CRT
display .
Fig
. 3.
Right side
panel
controls .
20
23 24
(
22 )
21
5054-03
3

214
OPERATORS
SN
B300000 &
ABOVE
( 17 ) TRIG SOURCE - Selects the source of the trigger
signal
.
COMP - Sweep is triggered from a DC - coupled
sample of the
vertical
signal after
the
vertical
switching .
CH
2 - Sweep is
triggered
from
an AC - coupled
sample of
the CH
2
vertical signal
before the
vertical
switching .
4
EXT Sweep is triggered from the DC - coupled
signal
applied to the EXT
TRIG
banana jack .
18
)
FOCUS
-
Screwdriver
adjustment to obtain
a well
defined
display .
( 19 ) SWP CAL - Screwdriver adjustment to provide
calibrated
sweep
timing .
( 20 ) VAR HORIZ MAG - Provides continuously variable
sweep
magnification
to a
maximum
of at
least five
times
the sweep
rate
indicated by the SEC / DIV
switch
.
( 21 )
Horizontal POS -
Controls the
horizontal position of
the trace .
( 22 ) SEC / DIV - Selects the sweep rate ( VAR HORIZ MAG
must be in CAL detent for indicated sweep rate ) . X - Y
position allows for X - Y operation with CH 2 supplying
the vertical deflection and CH 1 the horizontal
deflection .
( 23 ) EXT TRIG - Banana jack for input of an external
trigger
signal .
(
24 )
COMMO
MMON € Input banana jack to establish common
ground between the 214 and the external signal
source
or
equipment under test
. Electrically
connected
to the
probe
ground
clips
.
O

OPERATING
POWER
INFORMATION
OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS
CAUTION
Due to the
capacitive line
input circuit
,
sudden
voltage
changes
may
cause
damaging
input
input
current
transients
.
Avoid
operating this
instrument from
square - wave inverter supplies , or other sources that
produce large voltage transients .
INTERNAL
BATTERY
OPERATION
The 214 is designed primarily for operation from the
internal
rechargeable
batteries . The
operating time
provided
from
the
internal
batteries
depends
upon
trace
intensity
,
STORE
or
NONSTORE mode
, and
battery charge and
discharge temperature . Typical operating time from fully
charged batteries at maximum trace intensity in the
NONSTORE
mode of
operation
,
when charged and
operated at + 20 ° C to + 30 ° C ( + 68 ° F to + 86 ° F ) , is four
hours .
When
operated in the
STORE mode ,
typical
operating time is three hours . Longest operating time
occurs at
lower
trace
intensity .
The POWER ( BATTERY ) LED provides an indication of
the operating power of the 214. When the light extinguishes ,
battery charge is low and about five minutes of instrument
operating power remains . The 214 has an automatic battery
protection circuit to prevent excessive discharge and the
resulting battery damage if the battery charge level drops
below approximately 10 volts .
BATTERY CHARGING
REV JAN 1985
The charging characteristics of the nickel - cadmium
(
NiCd
)
cells
used in the
214 vary
with the
temperature at
which they are charged . Batteries charged at about + 20 ° C
to + 30 °
C ( + 68
° F to
+ 86 ° F )
deliver
more
energy
than
when the
same
batteries are
charged at a higher
or lower
temperature .
7
214
OPERATORS
SN
B300000 &
ABOVE
To charge the batteries , connect the instrument to an AC
line and set
the
POWER switch to
the OFF
position
. Allow
at least eight hours for the batteries to reach full charge . For
longest operating life of the batteries , increase the charge
time
to
at
least 16
hours once a
month .
This
procedure
balances
the
charge on all
the cells in the
battery and
reduces
the
possibility
of
any
individual cell
becoming
reversed
charged
.
AC OPERATION
The nickel - cadmium cells will self - discharge when the
instrument is non - operational for extended periods of time .
The rate
at
which this self
-
discharge
occurs is
dependent on
the ambient
temperature
and
humidity . If the
214 is to be
stored for
extended
periods ,
particularly at
either high
ambient termperature or high humidity , it is recommended
that
the
batteries be
run
through
a
full
charge
cycle
(
eight
hours ) about every two weeks .
If the internal
batteries
of the 214
become
discharged to
the
minimum
operating level ,
continued
operation
can
be
obtained by connecting the instrument to an AC power
source . Due to the circuitry connected with the internal
battery charger , the AC power line voltage must be at least
110 volts for
operation
in this
manner
. Also
, when
operated
with fully - charged batteries from the AC line below about
110 volts and in
the STORE
mode of
operation , the internal
batteries will discharge slowly . The internal batteries cannot
be
recharged while the
instrument is being
operated
from
the
AC
line .
INTENSITY CONTROL
The
INTENSITY
control
determines the
brightness of
the
display presented on the CRT . Since the brightness of the
CRT display affects the amount of current drained from the
batteries , the INTENSITY control should be set to the
minimum
usable
level .
This will
allow maximum
operating
time from the internal batteries .
The setting of the INTENSITY control will affect the focus
of the display in the STORAGE mode of operation . Turn the
5

214 OPERATORS
SN
B300000 &
ABOVE
INTENSITY off
before
selecting the
STORE mode , then
slowly
increase the intensity level
for the desired
display
brightness . Careful
adjustment
of the Focus
adjustment
at
the
desired
brightness will give
the
maximum storage
writing
rate
.
NOTE
A
high
intensity
level in
the STORE
mode
will cause
the
display to
spread
and may
flood the
CRT
screen .
Slight re - adjustment of the FOCUS may be necessary
when
changing
the
intensity
level
in
NONSTORE operation
.
To
protect
the CRT
phosphor , do
not turn
the
INTENSITY
higher
than
necessary
to provide
a satisfactory
display
.
Also
, be
careful that
the
INTENSITY
control is
not set too
high
when
changing from
a fast to a
slow
sweep rate , or
when
changing
to the X - Y mode
of operation
.
GRATICULE
The
graticule of
the 214
is
internally
marked on
the
faceplate
of the CRT
to
provide
accurate ,
parallax - free
measurements . The
graticule is
marked with
six
vertical and
ten
horizontal
divisions .
Each major
division is
divided
into
five
minor divisions at
the
center vertical
and
horizontal
lines
. The
vertical gain
and the
horizontal timing
are
calibrated
to the
graticule so
that
accurate
measurements
can
be made
directly
from the CRT
display
.
CRT
CARE
The
following
precautions
will
prolong the
useful
Storage
life
of the
CRT screen
in the
214
:
1.
Use the
minimum beam
intensity
required to
produce a
clear , well - defined display . A too - high beam intensity may
permanently
damage
the CRT
screen
,
particularly
if a
bright
spot
is
allowed to
remain
stationary
on the
display area
.
6
2.
Avoid
the
repeated
use of the
same
area of the
screen .
If
a
particular
display
is
being stored
repeatedly ,
change
the
vertical
position
occasionally
to
use other
portions
of
the
display
area .
3.
Do not
leave
a
Stored
display on
the
screen
when it is
no
longer
needed .
4.
Operate
the
instrument
in
the
NONSTORE
mode
unless Storage is required .
SIGNAL
CONNECTIONS
Two
high
- impedance
signal probes are
internally
connected to
the 214.
These probes provide
a 1 MS input
impedance
and
a shielded
input
cable to
prevent
pickup
of
electrostatic
interference .
The
vertical
deflection
factors can
be
read directly
from the
appropriate
VOLTS / DIV
switch
(
VAR in CAL detent
) .
Signals
can
be
connected to
the
EXT
TRIG
banana
jack
with
short unshielded
leads under most
conditions
. Be sure
to
establish
a
common
ground
between
the 214
and the
equipment
under test .
Attempt
to
position the
unshielded
leads
away
from any
source of
interference
to avoid
errors
in
triggering . If
interference
is
excessive
with
unshielded
leads
, use a
coaxial cable
with a
suitable
adapter .
GROUNDING
Reliable
signal
measurements
cannot be
made
unless
both the
oscilloscope
and
the unit
under test
are
connected
together
by a
common
reference
( ground
)
lead in
addition to
the
signal
probe
. The
ground clips
on the
attached
probes
provide the
best
ground .
Also , a
ground
lead can
be
connected to the 214 chassis COMMON banana jack to
establish a common ground with the signal source .
CAUTION
The
214
probe
ground
clips
and
the
chassis
COMMON
input
jack
are
electrically
connected
. Do
not
apply
dissimilar
voltage
potentials
to
them .
See
Elevated
Reference
information
under
" Basic
Applications " .
REV
JAN
1985

INPUT COUPLING
The INPUT
COUPLING
switches
allow a
choice of the
coupling method for the
applied signals . The
type of display
desired and the
applied
signal will
determine the
coupling
method
to
use .
DC coupling can be used for most applications . This
positon
allows measurement
of the DC
component of a
signal , and must
be used to
display signals of
10 Hz and
below , as they will be attenuated in the AC position .
With
AC
coupling , the
DC
component
of the
signal
is
blocked by a capacitor in the input circuit . The low
frequency response in the AC position is about 2 Hz ( -3 dB
point ) .
Therefore , some low -
frequency
attenuation
can be
expected near this frequency limit . Attenuation in the form
of
waveform
tilt will
also appear in
square
waves
that have
low -
frequency
components
.
The AC coupling
position
provides the best
display of
signals with a
DC
component
that
is
much
larger
than
the
AC
component
.
The GND
positon
provides a ground
reference
at the
input of the appropriate vertical channel without the need to
externally ground the probe . The
signal applied
to the probe
is
internally
disconnected
, but
not
grounded
,
and the 214
input circuit is
held at ground
potential
. This
also allows
precharging the
input
coupling
capacitor to the
average
voltage
level
of
the
signal
applied to the
probe
.
214 OPERATORS
SN
B300000 &
ABOVE
The GND
position
is used to
precharge
the
input
coupling
capacitor . The following procedure should be used
whenever one of the
probe tips
is
connected to a
signal
source having a different DC level than that which was
previously applied .
1. Before connecting the probe to a signal source with a
large DC component , set the INPUT COUPLING switch to
GND .
2.
Connect the probe
tip to
ground
to allow
the input
coupling capacitor to fully discharge . Then , connect the
probe to the signal source .
3.
Wait
several
seconds for the
input coupling
capacitor
to
charge
.
4. Set
the
INPUT
COUPLING switch to
AC .
The
display
will
remain on the
screen
so
the AC
component of
the
signal
can be
measured
in the
normal
manner
.
7

214
OPERATORS
SN
B300000
& ABOVE
INSTRUMENT FAMILIARIZATION
VERTICAL CHANNEL SELECTION
Either of the input channels can be used for single - trace
displays . Select
the
desired channel via
the VERT
MODE
switch and apply the signal to the appropriate probe .
Controls for each channel are color - coded to the tip of the
appropriate probe
. For dual -
trace
operation , set the VERT
MODE switch to BOTH and connect the signals to both
input
probes and
adjust the channel
POS
controls to display
the
signals
. In
SINGLE SWP
mode with
the VERT
MODE
switch set to BOTH , only one channel will be displayed for
each RESET actuation .
VERTICAL DEFLECTION FACTOR
The amount of vertical deflection produced by a signal
applied
to one of
the vertical
channels is
determined by the
signal
amplitude , the
attenuation factor
, and the
setting of
the
appropriate
VOLTS / DIV switch
and VAR
control . The
calibrated deflection factors indicated by the VOLTS / DIV
switch
apply
only when the
VAR
VOLTS / DIV
control is set
to the CAL detent .
The VAR VOLTS / DIV control provides continuously
variable (
uncalibrated
) vertical
deflecton
factors
between the
calibrated
setting
of the
VOLTS / DIV
switch . The
VAR
VOLTS / DIV control extends
the
maximum vertical
deflection factor to at least 125 V / div ( in the 50 V position ) .
8
TRIGGER
SOURCE
The TRIG SOURCE switch allows for selectivity in
determining
the
source of the signal
used to
trigger the
sweep . For most applications , the sweep can be triggered
internally . In the COMP position , the trigger signal is
obtained from the the vertical deflection system after the
vertical
switching has
occurred . Therefore , in
the dual - trace
mode of operation , the display will be triggered on the
vertical
chopping signal
and not
necessarily on
the selected
slope of the LEVEL / SLOPE control . In this position , the 214
will trigger on at least 0.2 division of the applied signal ,
within the bandwidth limits of the instrument .
In the CH 2 position of the SOURCE switch , the trigger
signal is again
obtained internally
, but is
selected
before the
vertical
switching and
only from
CH 2
of the
vertical
deflection system . The display will trigger on at least 0.2
division of the applied capacitively coupled signal . In the
dual - trace mode , if the displayed signals are time - related ,
both
channels
can be
triggered on the
selected slope
with
the TRIG SOURCE switch in the CH 2 position .
The external trigger signal is useful when signal tracing in
amplifiers ,
phase
- shift
networks
,
wave
-
shaping
circuits , etc.
The
signal from a
single
point in the
circuit
under test can
be
connected to the EXT TRIG banana jack . Then the sweep is
triggered by the
same signal at
all times to allow
amplitude ,
time
relationship
, waveshape
changes , or
signals at
various
points in the
circuit
to
be examined
without resetting
the
trigger
controls
.
TRIGGER
SLOPE
The
LEVEL / SLOPE
control
determines
whether the
trigger
circuit
responds on
the
positive - going or
negative
going
portion of
the
trigger
signal .
When the
indicator
dot is
to the left of center , the trigger circuit responds on the
positive
- going
portion
of the
triggering
waveform
(
notice the
positive -
going
waveform to
the left
of the
control ) .
To the
right
of
center , the
trigger
circuit responds to
the
negative
going
portion
of the
triggering
waveform
(
notice the
negative
- going
waveform
to the
right of the
control ) .
Since
the instrument does not have an internal delay line , the
display might not start on the selected slope , particularly
when
the
displayed waveforms
have a high
repetition rate .
When several cycles of a signal appear in the display , the
selection of the trigger slope is often unimportant . However ,
if
only a certain
portion of a
cycle is to be
displayed , the
correct
setting of the
LEVEL /
SLOPE control is
important to
provide
a display
which
starts
on the
desired
slope of
the
input signal .
TRIGGER
LEVEL
In
addition to selecting the trigger slope ,
the
LEVEL / SLOPE control determines the voltage level of the
trigger
signal at
which
the
display is
triggered .
The
horizontal line marked on the waveforms to the left and right
of the LEVEL / SLOPE control represents the zero - volt level
of
the
trigger
signal . As
the
LEVEL /
SLOPE control
is
rotated away
from this
line , the
displayed
waveforms
start
at
a
point
corresponding to
the
position
of the
indicator
dot
on the associated slope waveform . For example , if the
LEVEL / SLOPE control is turned clockwise from the line on
the
positive -
going slope ,
the
displayed
waveform
starts at
a
more
positive
level .
REV MAR 1985

AUTO PRESET
The AUTO
PRESET
position
provides automatic
selection
of
the
triggering level on the
positive
slope of
the
trigger signal . When the LEVEL / SLOPE control is set to this
position , the sweep is automatically triggered at the preset
level ; when out of this position the effect is that of a NORM
sweep
mode .
NOTE
In Dual - channel operation at a setting of 1 mV / Div , a
bright baseline may not appear in Auto - Preset mode .
STORAGE OPERATION
The Storage feature greatly increases
the
versatility of the 214. The instrument can be operated
as a conventional oscilloscope or , with the STORE
button depressed , a display can be retained for further
analysis
.
When the Stored display is no longer desired , the
informaton is erased by a waveform initiated by the
momentary -
contact
ERASE
button
.
To
change from
the NONSTORE
to the STORE
mode of operation use the following procedure :
NOTE
It
is
necessary to
readjust the
INTENSITY
control
for
optimum display
when
changing
between
NONSTORE and
STORE
operating modes . See
Intensity Control information . To get the maximum
storage writing rate the Focus adjustment must be
adjusted
for the
desired
intensity setting .
1. Turn the intensity level down for no visible display .
2. Depress the STORE button . The CRT screen will be
flooded
positive .
3. Press and release the ERASE button .
4. Increase the INTENSITY for a well - defined , Stored
display
. Too much
intensity
will
cause the Stored
trace to
spread
and may
flood the CRT
screen .
REV MAR 1985
214 OPERATORS
SN
B300000
& ABOVE
5. Press and release the ERASE button if new
information is to be Stored .
6. Press and release the STORE button for normal
NONSTORE operation . Increase the INTENSITY .
AUTO
SWEEP
MODE
In the AUTO PRESET position of the LEVEL / SLOPE
control the sweep is effectively in the AUTO sweep mode . In
this position the sweep generator free runs at the sweep
rate selected by the SEC / DIV switch , in the absence of an
adequate trigger
signal , to
produce a reference
trace . When
an adequate trigger signal is applied , the free - running
condition ends and the sweep generator is triggered on the
preset level to produce
stable
display
.
NORM
Operation out of the AUTO PRESET position produces
the NORM sweep mode , and is the same as in the AUTO
PRESET
position
with a
trigger signal
applied .
However
,
when no trigger signal is present , the sweep generator
remains off and
there
is no
display
.
Use the NORM sweep mode to display signals with
repetition rates below 7 Hz . This mode provides an
indication of an adequate trigger signal as well as the
correctness of trigger control setting , since there is no
display
without
proper
triggering
.
SINGLE SWEEP
When the signal to be displayed is not repetitive or varies
in amplitude , shape , or time , a conventional repetitive
display
may produce
an
unstable presentation .
To avoid
this , use the Single Sweep feature of the 214 .
To use the Single Sweep mode , first make sure the
trigger circuit will respond to the event to be displayed . Set
the LEVEL / SLOPE control out of the AUTO PRESET
position to obtain the best possible display ( for random
signals , set the trigger circuit to trigger on a signal that is
approximately the same amplitude and fequency as the
random signal ) . Then , push the SINGLE SWP button and
press the RESET button . When the RESET button is
pressed and released , the next trigger pulse initiates the
sweep and
a
single trace will
be presented
on the
CRT .
When the VERT MODE switch is set to BOTH , only one
channel will be displayed for each RESET actuation . After
this sweep is completed , the sweep generator is " locked
9

214
OPERATORS
SN B300000 & ABOVE
out " until reset . The READY light is illuminated when the
sweep generator has been reset and is ready to produce a
sweep .
To
prepare the
circuit
for
another
Single
Sweep
display , press
the
RESET
button
again
.
ENHANCEMENT - The Automatic Enhance feature of
this instrument provides a means of Storing Single Sweep
displays that exceed the normal writing speed of the CRT .
Automatic Enhance occures at 0.1 ms / div and faster sweep
rates
. During
Single Sweep
, a short -
duration pulse
is
applied
to the
Storage screen
to briefly
increase the
Storage
level of the CRT .
NOTE
Repeated enhanced traces may cause the complete
CRT
screen to
become
stored .
HORIZONTAL SWEEP RATE
The SEC / DIV
switch provides 16
calibrated sweep rates
ranging from 500 ms / div to 5 ¿s / div ( VAR HORIZ MAG
control set to CAL ) . The VAR HORIZ MAG control provides
continuously variable sweep magnificaton to at least five
times
the sweep
rate
indicated by the SEC
/ DIV switch .
10
When making measurements from the graticule , the area
between the first - division and ninth - division vertical lines
provides the most linear measurement ( see Fig . 4 ) .
Therefore , the first
and last
divisions of the display
should
not
be used
for
making accurate time
measurements
.
Position the
start of the
timing area
to the first
- division
vertical line and set the SEC / DIV switch so that the end of
the
timing area falls
between
the first- and
ninth -
division
vertical
lines .
FIRST
DIVISION
VERTICAL
LINE
CENTER
VERTICAL
LINE
NINTH
DIVISION
VERTICAL
LINE
CENTER
HORIZONTAL
LINE
X
- Y OPERATION
1482-07
Fig
. 4.
Definition of measurement
lines on
214 graticule
.
Some applications require displaying one signal versus
another
signal ( X - Y ) ,
rather
than
against
time (
internal
sweep ) . The
X - Y
position of the
SEC / DIV
switch
provides a
means
for this
type of
operation . In this
position
, the
Y
(
vertical
)
singal is
connected to
the
input of
CH 2.
The X
(
horizontal )
signal
is
applied to
the input
of CH 1 (
EXT
HORIZ ) and
has
a deflection
range
from
less
than 1 mV to
50
V / div at
a reduced
bandwidth
of 50 KHz
.
Since
the X and
Y channels
of the 214 are
not time
matched , some
inherent phase shift
can be
expected in the
display . Take
this
phase shift
into
consideration
when
making
measurements
in
the X - Y
mode .
REV MAR 1985

To
verify the
operation and
accuracy of your
instrument
,
perform the
following
check and
adjustment
procedures
before making a measurement . Move the power switch to
the ( ON )
position and
allow
the
instrument to
warm
- up
before
performing any of the
following
checks
.
Warm
- up
time required is at least five minutes to meet all the
instruments
'
specifications
.
If
adjustments are required
beyond the scope
of these
operator's checks and adjustments , refer the instrument to
a qualified service technician for calibration .
OPERATOR'S ADJUSTMENTS
The
equipment listed in
Table
1
, or
the
equivalent is
required
to
complete
these
checks
and
adjustments
.
Description
Calibration
Generator
Leveled
Sine - Wave
Generator
EQUIPMENT
REQUIRED
Adapter
Table 1
Test
Equipment
Minimum
Specification
Standard -
amplitude
signal
levels :
20 mV to 100 V.
Accurcy
±
0.3
%
.
Fast - rise
signal level , 100 mV
to 50 V ;
Repetition rate
, 1 kHz .
Rise - time
, 100 ns
or less ;
Aberration ,
+
0.5
% .
Frequency
, 50 kHz to
at least 500
kHz .
Output amplitude , variable from 5 mV
to
0.2
V
p
-
p .
Output
impedance , 50 2 .
Amplitude accuracy , constant within
1 %
of
reference
frequency as
output
frequency changes .
Connector , probe tip to BNC .
214 OPERATORS
SN
B300000 &
ABOVE
VERT GAIN CHECK
1. Set the VERT MODE switch to CH 1 .
2. Connect the CH 1 probe tip to an accurate 20 mV
generator .
3. Set the Trigger controls for a stable display .
4. Set the CH 1 VOLTS / DIV switch to 5 mV ( VAR
VOLTS /
DIV to
CAL
)
5. Check for exactly four divisions of deflection .
6. Set the
VERT
MODE
switch
to CH
2 and
repeat
steps
2
through
5 for
Channel
2 .
7.
Disconnect
the
probe
from the
generator .
STEP ATTENUATOR BALANCE
1. Set the VERT MODE switch to CH 1 .
2. Set the TRIGGER / SLOPE to Auto Preset .
3. While switching the CH 1 VOLTS / DIV switch between
the 50 mV and 1 mV positions , adjust the CH 1 STEP
ATTEN
BAL
for
minimum
trace shift
between
adjacent
positions .
4. Set the VERT
MODE switch
to CH 2 .
5. While switching the CH 2 VOLTS / DIV switch between
the 50 mV and 1 mV positions , adjust the CH 2 STEP
ATTEN BAL for
minimum
trace
shift
between
adjacent
positions .
11

214 OPERATORS
SN
B300000 &
ABOVE
HORIZONTAL GAIN CHECK
1. Set the SEC / DIV switch to X - Y .
2. Connect the CH 1 probe tip to an accurate 0.2V
generator .
3. Set the CH 1 VOLTS / DIV switch to 50 mV ( VAR
VOLTS /
DIV
to
CAL ) .
4. Set the CH
2 POS control
to
midrange
to
display two
dots
.
5. Check for exactly four divisions of deflection between
dots .
HORIZONTAL TIMING CHECK
1. Set the VERT MODE switch to CH 1 .
2. Connect the CH 1 probe tip to an accurate time - mark
generator .
3. Set the SEC / DIV switch to 1 ms ( VAR HORIZ MAG in
CAL ) .
4. Set the Time - mark generator to 1 ms time markers .
5. Check for exactly eight divisions of deflection between
the
second
and tenth time
markers
(
one
time
marker / division ) . Adjust the SWP CAL adjustment if
necessary .
12
6.
Disconnect the
probe
from
the
generator .
FOCUS
1. Set the SEC / DIV switch to X - Y .
2. Set the INPUT COUPLING switches to GND .
3. Adjust the FOCUS for optimum focus of the CRT
display
( a
single dot ) . To
obtain the
maximum
storage
writing rate the
Focus
Adjustment
must be
adjusted
for
the
desired
intensity
setting .
AUTO
PRESET
1.
Set the VERT
MODE switch
to CH 2 .
2. Connect the CH 2 probe tip to a 1 kHz sine - wave
signal
generator .
3.
Set the
LEVEL /
SLOPE
control to the
AUTO PRESET
position
.
4.
Adjust
the CH 1
VOLTS / DIV
switch
and the
SEC / DIV
switch
for a
display
approximately four
divisions
in
amplitude , with one cycle of signal displayed every two or
three divisons .
5.
Vertically
center the
display
about the
center
horizontal line , using the CH 1 POS control .
6.
Adjust the AUTO
PRESET adjustment so
that the
CRT display starts on the center horizontal graticule line .
7.
Disconnect the probe from
the
generator
.

BASIC
APPLICATIONS
The
following
applications are not
described in
detail
,
since
each
application
must
be
adapted to
the
requirements
of the
individual
measurement
.
This
instrument can
also be
used for many
applications that are not
described
in this
manual
.
Contact
your
local
Tektronix Field Office
or
representative
for
assistance
in
making
making
specific
measurements
with the
214
Storage
Oscilloscope .
VOLTAGE
MEASUREMENTS
NOTE
Store Single
Sweep
operation will give a more
usable
display for
measurement if
the
signal is non
-
repetitive
or
varies
in
amplitude
,
frequency
,
or
shape
.
See
Random
Signal
Measurement
application
.
AC
SIGNALS
1. Set
the
INPUT
COUPLING
switch to
GND and
the
VOLTS /
DIV
switch to
an
appropriate
setting (
VAR
VOLTS / DIV to
CAL ) .
Vertical deflection factor equals
the
product of
the
VOLTS / DIV
setting and the
probe
attenuator
,
the
vertical
deflecton factor can be
read
directly
from
the
VOLTS
/
DIV
switch
(
VAR
VOLTS /
DIV in
CAL ) .
Connect
the
probe tip
to
the
signal source and switch the INPUT COUPLING to
the
AC
position
.
2.
Select
the
desired
SEC /
DIV
setting
and
adjust
the
LEVEL /
SLOPE
control
for
a
triggered
display .
Position
the
display
within
the
graticule
area
for
measurement .
3.
Measure the
peak
- to -
peak
amplitude of
the
display or
waveform ,
in
graticule
divisions
(
see Fig
. 5 ) .
4. Voltage (
peak - to - peak )
equals
measured
amplitude
in
divisions
,
multiplied by the
vertical
deflection
factor (
VOLTS / DIV
times
probe
attenuation
factor ) .
NOTE
This
technique may be used
to make
measurements
between two
points
on
the
waveform other than peak
to - peak .
POSITION
TO
CENTER VERTICAL
VERTICAL
DEFLECTION
LINE
|||||||||||||||||||
|||||
214 OPERATORS
SN
B300000 &
ABOVE
Fig . 5.
Measuring
peak - to -
peak
voltage .
1482-08
Instantaneous
Voltage .
Instantaneous
voltage is
measured
with
respect
to
some
reference
potential
(
usually
ground ) . This reference level is first established by
positioning the trace along a graticule line with the reference
potential applied to the input ; then , the instantaneous
voltage is applied and measured above or below the
reference line
or
voltage . In
this
type
of
measurement
,
the
INPUT
COUPLING
switch must be in
the DC
position
. This
method can also be
used to
measure the DC
component of
a waveform , since the average or DC value can be
measured as a voltage above the reference level .
1. Set
the
vertical
deflection
factor to an
appropriate
setting for the voltage to be measured ( VAR VOLTS / DIV in
CAL ) and set the LEVEL / SLOPE control to AUTO PRESET .
2.
Switch the
INPUT
COUPLING
switch to GND
if the
reference
is to
be at ground , or
to DC if the
reference
is to
be a voltage level . Touch the probe tip to the reference
voltage and vertically position the trace to a reference on
any
horizontal
graticule
line .
This
reference
position will
depend on the
polarity and
amplitude
of the
input signal .
Do
not change the setting of the POS control after the
reference has been
set .
3. Remove the probe tip from the reference and connect
it to the signal source . Adjust the SEC / DIV switch for the
desired
display .
13

214 OPERATORS
SN B300000 & ABOVE
4. Measure the vertical amplitude , in divisions , from the
point
to be
measured
to the
reference line .
5. Voltage equals measured amplitude ( in divisions ) ,
multiplied
by the
deflection
factor .
Voltage Comparison . For applications in which the
signal
voltage is to be
compared to some
signal
reference
amplitude ,
it may
be
desirable to
establish a
different
deflection factor than those available with the VOLTS / DIV
switch . A deflecton factor conversion constant , based on a
specific reference amplitude , is established as follows :
1. Apply a reference signal of known amplitude to the
input .
2. Adjust the display amplitude to an exact number of
graticule divisions using the VOLTS / DIV switch and
corresponding VAR control . Do not change this setting after
the
reference has been
established
.
3.
Deflection
factor conversion
constant
equals
:
Reference
Signal
Voltage
X
Volts / Div
Setting
4. Adjusted deflection factor for any setting of the
VOLTS
/
DIV
switch
equals the
VOLTS
/
DIV
setting multiplied
by the conversion factor .
5. The peak - to - peak amplitude of any signal compared to
this reference is measured as follows :
Set the VOLTS / DIV switch to a setting that will provide
sufficient deflection to make a measurement . Do not move
the
VAR
setting .
Signal
Amplitude
14
Display Amplitude
( in divisions )
=
Adjusted
deflection
factor
X
Signal
deflection
( in divisions )
Elevated Reference . When making a voltage
measurement
with
respect
to
a
voltage
level
other
than
ground ,
connect the
214
probe
ground clip
directly to the
desired
reference
voltage .
CAUTION
The
214 probe
ground clips
and the
instrument
COMMON input jack are electrically connected . Do
not apply dissimilar voltage potentials to them .
This method of establishing a floating reference can be
used when the oscilloscope is connected to a power line , as
long as the oscilloscope COMMON is not elevated from
earth
ground more than 250
V RMS
sinusoidal minus
the
AC power line RMS voltage ( i.e. , when AC power line RMS
voltage is 117 V , the maximum allowable potential on the
probe
ground clip
or
COMMON
is 250
117
133 V
RMS ) . When battery operated with the AC power plug
secured in its insulated compartment , the maximum safe
potential between the probe clip or COMMON and the case
exterior
is
500 V RMS or
700 V ( DC +
peak AC ) (
see
SAFETY
CONSIDERATIONS
) .
Use the same
measurement
procedure given for instantaneous voltage . Remember that
the DC reference line presented when the INPUT
COUPLING switch is set to GND is an elevated voltage , not
ground , and is present on both probe ground clips and the
COMMON
input jack .
=
To determine the actual instantaneous voltage with
respect to earth
ground
,
add the
reference
voltage to the
result of the Instantaneous Voltage Formula .
TIME
- DURATION
MEASUREMENTS
The
time
interval
between two or
more
events can be
measured
directly on
the
graticule as
follows :
NOTE
See
the topic
entitled
HORIZONTAL
SWEEP
RATE
concerning
nonlinearity of
the first
and
last
divisions
of
display
.
1.
Using
the
graticule ,
measure
the
horizontal
distance
between the two events ( see Fig . 6 ) .
2.
Multiply
the
distance
measured
by the
SEC
/ DIV
switch
setting
to
obtain the
time interval
.
The
VAR HORIZ
MAG
must be in the CAL detent position .