Tektronix 454A User manual
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Ser i al
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454‘
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OSCI LL
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Box
500
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B
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Or egon
97005
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Ph
one
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644- 0161
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Cabl es
:
Te
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t r oni x
070- 1074- 00
171
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1- 1
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454
‘
2- 18
Tabl e
1- 1
E
l ect ri cal
Gr o
un
d
Consi der at i ons
2- 18
V
er t i cal
Def l ect i o
n
Syst em
1- 1
I nput
Co
u
pl i
ng
2- 18
Tr i gger i ng
(
‘
an
d’
Swee
p
)
1- 4
Def l ect i on
F
act or
2- 18
H
or i zon
t al
Def l ect i on
Syst em
1- 5
P
r o
b
e P
ower
Co
n
nect or s
2- 19
Del ayed/
M
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Swee
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1- 6
D
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Oper at i o
n
2- 19
§
-
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Oper at i on
1- 7
Ch
annel
1
Out put
a
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d
Casca
d
ed
–
Axi s
I
n
p
u
t
1- 7
Oper at i on
2- 19
Cal i
b
r at or
1- 8
Al gebr ai c
Addi t i o
n
2- 20
Out p
ut
Si gnal s
1- 8
Tr i gger
Sour ce
2- 20
P
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Supp
l y
1- 9
Tr i gger
Co
u
pl i ng
2- 21
Cat
h
od
e-
R
ay
T
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be
( C
R
T)
1- 10
Tr i gger
Sl o
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2- 22
Ta
b
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1- 2
E
nvi r onment al
1- 11
Tr i gger
L
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2- 22
Ta
b
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1- 3
Ph
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1- 12
H
i g
h
-
F
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q
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St abi l i t y
2- 22
St an
d
ar
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Accessor i es
1- 12
‘
Sweep
Tr i gger e
dL
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h
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2- 22
‘
Swee
p
M
ode
2- 22
H
or i zo
n
t al
Sweep
R
at es
2- 24
SE
CTI O
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2
O
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ST
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Sweep
M
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n
2- 24
Gener al
2- 1
’
( Del ayed
Swee
p
)
2- 25
F
r ont
Cover
2- 1
§
-
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p
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2- 28
Oper at i ng
V
ol t age
2- 1
Swee
p
Ge
n
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O
u
t
p
ut
Si gnal s
2- 28
Oper at i
n
g
Temper at
u
r e
2- 2
Cal i br at or
2- 29
O
p
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P
osi t i o
n
2- 2
A
pp
l i cat i o
ns
R
ac
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mou
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t i ng
2- 2
Gener al
2- 29
Cont r ol s
and
Co
nn
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Peak- To- Peak
V
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Gener al
2- 2
M
easu
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2- 29
Fi r st - Ti me
O
p
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n
I nst a
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t aneo
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s
V
ol t age
Ge
n
er al
2- 8
M
eas
u
r ement s- DC
2- 30
Ge
n
er al
O
p
er at i ng
I nf or mat i o
n
Com
p
ar i son
M
easu
r e
m
ent s
2- 31
Si mpl i f i e
d
O
p
er at i ng
I nst r
uct i ons
2- 12
Ti me- D
u
r at i on
M
easu
r eme
n
t s
2- 33
N
or mal
Sweep
Di s
p
l ay
2- 12
F
r e
q
uen
cy
M
easu
r eme
n
t s
2- 33
M
agni f i ed
Swee
p
Di spl ay
2- 12
R
i set i me
M
easu
r ement s
2- 34
Del aye
d
Sweep
Di spl ay
2- 13
Ti me- Di f f er e
n
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M
eas
u
r e
m
ent s
2- 35
§
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Di spl ay
2- 13
Del aye
d
or
M
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Swee
p
Ti me
I nt ensi t y
Co
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t r ol
2- 13
M
eas
u
r eme
n
t
2- 35
Ast i gmat i sm
A
d
j
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2- 13
Del aye
d
or
M
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Sweep
Tr ace
Al i gnment
A
d
j u
st me
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t
2- 14
M
ag
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i f i cat i on
2- 36
Gr at i c
u
l e
2- 14
P
ul se
J
i t t er
M
easur ement s
2- 38
L
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F
i l t er
2- 14
Del ayed
Tr i gger
Ge
n
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2- 39
B
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2- 14
N
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Tr i gger
Gener at or
2- 39
B
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L
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2- 15
M
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Ph
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Di f f er ence
V
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C
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a
nn
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Sel ect i on
2- 15
M
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u
r ement s
2- 39
V
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Gai n
A
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j u
st me
n
t
2- 15
H
i g
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esol
u
t i o
n Ph
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M
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u
r ement s
2- 40
St e
p
At t enuat or
B
al a
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2- 16
§
-
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Ph
ase
M
easur eme
n
t
2- 41
Si gn
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Connect i o
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s
2- 16
Common-
M
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2- 42
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I
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V
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3- 10
P
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P
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3- 12
I
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5- 5
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Ge
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3- 14
I
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P
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3- 19
P
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3- 23
P
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Gener at or
3- 25
Di spl ay
and –
Axi s
Ch
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5- 7
H
or i zont al
Am
p
l i f i er
3- 28
Ver t i cal
Syst em
C
h
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5- 9
,
L
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V
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P
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S
upp
l y
3- 31
T
r
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Syst em
C
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5- 15
V
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Di st r i b
u
t i o
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3- 34
H
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Syst em
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5- 20
–
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Ampl i f i er
3- 34
O
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n
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5- 27
CR
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3- 36
P
ar t
11
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j u
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I
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t r o
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u
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5- 29
SE
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M
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P
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-
Ad
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5- 29
P
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P
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f or
I nt r oduct i on
4- 1
A
d
j u
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5- 30
Cover
R
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4- 1
P
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Su
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and
Cal i br at or
P
r event i ve
M
ai nt ena
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A
d
j
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5- 31
Gener al
4- 1
Di s
p
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Axi s
A
dj
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5- 34
'
Cl ea
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i
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4- 1
V
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Syst em
A
d
j
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5- 36
Lub
r i cat i o
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4- 2
Tr i gge ri ng
Ad
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5- 44
V
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I ns
p
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4- 2
H
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Syst em
Ad
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5- 46
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Tr ansi st or
C
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4- 2
R
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4- 2
Tr oubl es
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4- 2
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4- 2
I nt r o
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6- 1
Tr o
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E
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4- 4
R
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6- 1
Tr o
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Tec
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4- 5
Sl i de- O
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Tr ac
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6- 1
Cor r ect i ve
M
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M
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P
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6- 1
Gener al
4- 7
Al t er
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at i ve
R
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M
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t i
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M
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s
6- 2
Obt ai
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P
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4- 7
R
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the
Compone
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R
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p
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4- 10
I
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6- 3
R
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Af t er
Re
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4- 14
Sl i
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Tr ac
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Lub
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I nt r oduct i on
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ver t i cal
d
ef l ect i o
nand
C
hannel
1
p
r ovi di ng
t
h
e
h
or i zont al
pr ovi
d
i ng
t
he
per f or mance
necessar y
f or acc
u
r at e
h
i g
h
-
def l ect i on
( T
RI GG
ER
swi t c
h
set
t o
CH
1
O
NL
Y,
H
O
R
I Z
f r e
q
uency
measur eme
n
t s
.
T
h
e
d
ual - c
h
annel ,
DC- t o- 150
DI SPLAY
swi t c h
set
t o
§
-
¥
)
.
T
h
e
r egul at e
d
DC
p
ower
mega
h
er t z
ver t i cal
syst em
p
r ovi
d
es
cal i
b
r at e
d d
ef l ect i on
su
pp
l i es
assur e
t
h
at
i
n
st r ument
p
er f or mance
i s
not
af f ect ed
f act or s
f r om
2
mi l l i vol t s
t o 5
vol t s/
d
i vi si on
(
b
an
dwi d
t
h
i s
by
var i at i ons
i n
l i
n
e
vol t age
a
nd
f r e
q
uency
.
Tot al p
ower
r educed
at
t
he
t wo
l owest
def l ect i on
f act or s
.
C
hannel s
1
consum
pt i on of
t
he
i nst r ument
i s
about
115
wat t s
.
and
2
can
be
cascade
d
usi ng
an ext er nal cab
l e
t o pr ovi de ±
400
mi cr ovol t
mi
n
i mum
d
ef l ect i on
f act or
.
‘
bandwi dt
h
limit
swi t c h
al l ows
l ow- f r equency,
l ow- l evel
si gnal s
t o
be
I nf or mat i o
n
gi ve
n
i n t
h
i s
i nst r uct i on
manual
a
pp
l i es
t o
vi ewe
d
wi t
h
r e
d
uce
d
i nt er f e
r
ence
f r om
si gnal s
above
about
t
h
e
R
454A
al so
unl ess
ot
h
er wi se
i n
d
i cat e
d
.
T
he
R
454A
i s
20
mega
h
er t z,
el ect r i cal l y
i
d
ent i cal
t o
the
454
‘
,
but
i t
i s
adap
t e
d
f or
mount i
n
g
i n ±
st andar
d
19- i nc
h
r ac
k
.
R
ac
k
mount i ng
T
he
t r i gger
ci r cui t s
pr ovi de
st abl e
t r i gger i ng
over
t
he
f ul l
i nst r uct i ons
and
±
d
i mensi onal
dr awi ng
ar e
gi ven
i n
sect i on
6
.
r ange
of
ver t i cal
ban
d
wi
d
t
h
.
Se
p
ar at e
t r i gger
cont r ol s
ar e
p
r ovi
d
e
d t o
sel ect
t
he
desi r ed
t r i gger i ng
f or
t
he
‘
and
’
swee
p
s
.
One
of
t
h
r ee
swee
p
mo
d
es
can
be
sel ect e
d
f or
‘
T
h
i s
i nst r ument
wi l l
meet
the
el ect r i cal
c
h
ar act er i st i cs
sweep
;
aut omat i c
t r i gger i ng,
nor mal
t r i gger i ng
or
si ngl e
l i st ed
i
n
Tabl e
1- 1
f ol l owi ng
com
p
l et e
cal i br at i o
n
as
gi ven
sweep
.
T
he
h
or i zont al
d
ef l ect i on
syst em
p
r ovi
d
es
cal i br at ed
i n
sect i on 5
.
T
he
f ol l owi ng
el ect r i cal
c
h
ar act er i st i cs
appl y
swee
p
r at es
f r om
f i ve
secon
d
s
t o
0
. 02
mi cr osecon
d
/
d
i vi si on
.
over ±
cal i
b
r at i on
i nt er val
of
1000
h
our s
an
d
an
ambi ent
‘ §
10
magni f i er
al l ows eac h
swee
p
r at e
t o
be
i ncr ease
d
10
t emper at ur e
r ange
of
- 15
°
C
t o
+55
°
Â
,
exce
p
t
as
ot her wi se
t i mes
t o
pr ovi de
±
maxi mum
swee
p
r at e
of
t wo
i n
d
i cat e
d
.
War m- up
t i me
f or
gi ven
accur acy
i s
20
mi nut es
.
C
h
ar act er i st i c
P
er f or mance
S
uppl ement al
VER
TI CA
L
D
EFLE
CTI O
N
SYST
EM
Def l ect i on
F
act or
C
h
a
n
nel
1
and
2
Cal i br at e
d
R
ange
A
d
de
d
M
ode
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R
ange
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h
an
nel
1
or
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or
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dd
e
d
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ode
Accu
r
acy
(
W
i t
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W
i t
h
out
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P
r obe)
TA
BLE
1- 1
ELE
CT
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L
Two
mi l l i vol t s/ di vi si on
t o f i ve
vol t s/
d
i vi si on
i n
el even
st e
p
s i n ±
1- 2- 5
se
q
uence
.
B
et ween
t wo
mi l l i vol t s/
d
i vi si on
an
d
f i ve
vol t s/
d
i vi si on
.
W
i t
h
i n
3°/
¿
of
i n
d
i cat e
d
def l ect i o
n
wi t
h
GAI N
cor r ect l y
a
d
j u
st e
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at
20
mV
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d
i v
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Un
cal i br at e
d
(
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ar i abl e)
R
ange
M
axi mum
R
i set i me
an
d
M
i ni mum
B
andwi
d
t
h
at
U
pp
er
- 3
dB Poi nt
AC
( ca
p
aci t i ve)
and
DC
(
d
i r ect )
Cou
p
l e
d
,
F
our - Di vi si on
R
ef er ence,
25- ohm
Sour ce
I m
p
ed
ence
( 0
°
C
t o
+40
°
C)
B
an
d
wi d
t
h
at
L
ower
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d
B
P
oi nt ,
AC
( ca
p
aci t i ve)
Cou
p
l e
d
,
F
our - Di vi si on
R
ef -
er ence
W
i t
h
out
P
r obe
W
i t
h
¡
6054
C
h
ar act er i st i c
P
er f or mance
Su
pp
l ement al
VER
TI CA
L
D
EFLE
CTI O
N
SYST
EM
( cont )
B
and
wi dt
h
at
U
pper
- 3
dB
P
oi
n
t ,
DC
(
d
i r ect )
Co
up
l ed,
F
our
Di vi si on
R
ef er -
e
nce,
W
i t
h
BANDWI DTH- BEAM
F
I
ND
ER
Swi t c
h
i n
20
MH
z
P
osi t i on
At t en
u
at i on
r at i o
of
si gnal
at
100
MH
z
.
V
er t i cal
Di s p
l ay
M
odes
I n
put
Coupl i ng
M
odes
Common-
M
ode
R
e
j
ect i on
R
at i o
AC
and
DC
Cou
p
l ed
P
r ovi
d
es
con
t i nuousl y
var i abl e
d
ef l ec-
At
l east
2
. 5
: 1
.
t i on
f act or s
bet ween
t
he
cal i br at e
d
st e
p
s
.
E
xt en
d
s
maxi mum
u
ncal i br at e
d d
e-
f l ect i on
f act or
t o
at
l east
12
. 5
vol t s/
di vi si on
.
See
Tabl e
1- 1
‘
.
TA
BLE
1- 1
( cont )
10
H
z or
l ess
at
al l
d
ef l ect i on
f act or s
.
1
H
z
or
l ess
at
al l
d
ef l ect i on
f act or s
.
A
pp
r oxi mat el y
20
MH
z
.
At
l east
30
: 1
.
C
hannel
1
Onl y
C
hannel 2
Onl y
Dual - Tr ace,
al t er nat e
bet wee
n
c
han-
nel s
.
Dual - Tr ace,
ch
op
bet ween
channel s
A
dd
ed
al ge
b
r ai cal l y
AC
( ca
p
aci t i ve)
cou
p
l ed
or
DC
( di r ect )
cou
p
l ed
.
At
l east
20
: 1
at
20
MH
z
f or
common
mode
si gnal s
80
mV
peakt o peak
i n
t
he
10
mV
/
d
i v
p
osi t i on
of
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/ DI
V
swi t c h
es
wi t
h
GAI N
a
d-
j
ust me
n
t
opt i mi ze
d
usi
n
g±
50
kH
z
si g-
nal
i n t
he 10
m
V
/
d
i v
posi t i on
of
the
VO
L
TS/ DI
V
swi t c h
es
.
- 3
dB
poi nt
bet ween
16
MH
z and
24
MHz
.
M
axi mum
Saf e
I n
put
V
ol t age
Al l
V
/ DI
V
Set t i ngs
I
nput
R
CC
h
ar act er i st i cs
R
esi st a
n
ce
Ca
p
aci t a
n
ce
St e
p
At t e
n
uat or
B
al a
nce
I nt er - Channel
I sol at i on
At t enuat or
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p
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TA
BLE
1- 1
( cont )
C
h
ar act er i st i c
P
er f or mance
Su
p
p
l ement al
C
h
op
ped
M
o
d
e
C
h
o
pp
ed
R
e
p
et i t i on
R
at e
Ti me
Segment
F
r om
E
ac h
C
h
annel
P
ol ar i t y
I nver si on
2
mV
/ di v
5
mV
/ di v
10
m
V
/
d
i v
t o
5
V
/
d
i v
400
¼V
/
d
i v
( Chann
el s
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and 2
cascaded) '
VER
TI CA
LD
EFLE
CTI O
N
SYST
EM
( cont )
500
vol t s
DC
+
pea
k
AC
( one
k
ilo
h
er t z
or
l ess)
.
1
mego
h
m
±2°/
¿
A
pp
r oxi mat el y
15
p
i cof ar a
d
s
At
l east
100
: 1
at
50
MH
z
.
A
pp
r oxi mat el y
1
MHz
400
nanoseco
nd
s
t o
650
nanosecon
d
s
.
Di sp
l ay
si gnal
f r om
C
han n
el
2
can
be
i
n
ver t e
d
.
TA
BLE
1- 1
‘
M
i ni mumB
an
d
wi
d
t
h
an
d
M
axi mum
R
i set i me
( 0
°
C
t o
+40
°
C)
Def l ect i on
F
act o
r
W
i t
h
3
. 5
f t
.
o
r
6
f t
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W
i t
h
9
f t
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25 o
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50
M
H
z
48
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45
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z
7
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a
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osecon
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7
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100
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87
MH
z
95
MH
z
3
. 5
nanoseconds
4
. 0
n
a
n
osecon
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s
3
. 7
nanoseco
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150
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z
116
MH
z
130
MH
z
2
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n
anoseco
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s
3
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nanoseco
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s
2
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nanoseco
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33
MH
z
32
MH
z
30
MH
z
11
nanoseco
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11
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nan
oseconds
12
nanoseconds
A
d
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b
l e
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t r ace
s
h
i f t
w
hen de-
f l ect i on
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i s
c
h
ange
d
f r om
2
mV
/
d
i v
t o
10
m
V
/
d
i v
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l east
10, 000
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at
50
MH
z
.
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6048
45
MH
z
7
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nanoseconds
75
MH
z
4
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n
anosecon
d
s
100
M
H
z
3
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nanosecon
d
s
30
MHz
12
nanosecon
d
s
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1
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n
t o
CH
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usi ng
50
©
18- i nch
R
G
38
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/
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ca
b
l e
;
wi t
h
C
H
1
a
nd
C
H
2d
ef l ect i o
n
f act or s
set
at
2
m
V
/ DI
V
,
u
nt er mi
n
at e
d
and T R
I GG
ER
swi t c
hset
t o
N
O
RM
.
400
¼
V
/
d
i v i s
±
mi ni m
u
m
d
ef l ect i on f act or f or
t hi s
mo
d
e,
n
ot
±
cal i
b
r at e
d d
ef l ect i o
n
f act or
.
S
p
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Tr i gger
Cou
p
l i
n
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Tr i gger
Se
n
si t i vi t y
A
u
t o
Tr i gger i
n
g
(
‘
Swee
p
onl y)
Si ngl e
Swee
p
(
‘
swee
p
onl y)
TA
BLE
1- 1
( cont )
C
h
ar ac
t er i st i c
Pe
r
f or mance
Su
p
p
l ement al
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R
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N
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WEEP)
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n
t er nal
f r om
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p
l aye
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c
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annel ( s)
or
f r om
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h
a
nn
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onl y
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nt er nal
f r om
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p
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E
xt er
n
al
f r om
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al
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t o
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R
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p
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at t enuat e
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t i mes
.
AC
AC
l ow- f r equency
r e j
ect
AC h
i g
h
- f r e
q
uency
r e
j
ect
DC
See
F
i g
.
1- 2
.
St a
b
l e
d
i s
p
l ay
p
r esent e
dwi t h
si gnal
am
p
l i t u
d
es
gi ven
i n
F
i g
.
1- 2
a
b
ove
about
20
h
er t z
.
P
r esent s
±
f r ee- r un
n
i
ng
di spl ay
f or l ower
f r e
q
uenci es
or
a
b
sence
of an
ade
q
uat e
t r i gger
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¹¹¹¹¹¹
~~
.
¹¹¹¹¹¹
m
¹¹
¹
±
.
¹
m
¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹
, ~
œ• ¹ ¹
. ~
¹
1
¹
s-
¹ · •
¹ ù ¹ ™
~
: :
:
:
:
»
!
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:
: :
H
:
¸
:
:
: !
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F
i g
.
1-
2
.
Tr i gge
rse
n
si t i vi t y
s
p
eci f i cat i o
n
I i Vni t
cur ve
.
±
.
¹ ¹
.
¹ ¹
~
±
.
¹¹¹
l ow
¹
¹
¹ ¹ ¹
1
.
¹ ¹
. !
¹
~
±
.
¹
!
Ź
¹ ¹
.
¯
m
Ì ®
! !
¯
!
mmm
¯¯¯
! ! !
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!
Tr i gger
J
i t t er
E
xt er
n
al
Tr i gger
I np
u
t
M
axi mum
I n
pu
t
V
ol t age
R
CC
h
ar act er i st i cs
LEVEL
Co
n
t r ol
R
angezyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
• §¤
• §¤
=
10
Swee
p
M
ode
(
‘
swee
p
onl y)
J
Cal i
br at ed
Sweep
R
at es
‘
Sweep
’
( Del ayed)
Swee
p
Swee
p
Acc
ur acy
TA
BLE
1- 1
( cont )
C
h
ar act er i st i c
P
er f or mance
Su
p
pl ement al
T
RI GG
ER
I
N
G
( cont )
0
. 4
nanosecon
d or
l ess
.
500
vol t s
DC
+
peak
AC
( on
e
k
ilo
he
r
t z
or
l ess)
.
500
vol t s
p
ea
kt o
pea
k
AC
.
1
mego
h
m
±10
¿
/
¿
p
ar al l el e
d
by
a
pp
r ox-
i mat el y
15 p
i cof ar ads,
except
w
h
en
th
e
CO
UPL
I
NG
swi t c
h
es
ar e
i n
t
h
e
LF
REJ
p
osi t i ons
.
See
F
i g
.
1- 3
.
+and
-
2
vol t s
or
gr eat er
.
+
and
-
20
vol t s
or
gr eat e
r
.
To
I npu
t
St age
Fi g
.
1- 3
.
E
q
ui val e
n
t
• §¤ TR
I G
I
NPU
T
ci
r
cu
i t
i n
AC
LF
REJ
p
osi t i o
n
of
CO
UPL
I
NG
swi t c
h
es
.
H
O
RI ZON
TA
L
D
EFLE
CTI O
N
SYST
EM
N
or mal
Aut omat i c
Si
n
gl e
Sweep
0
. 02
mi cr osecond
t o
5
seconds/
d
i vi si on
i n
26
st e
p
si n ±
1- 2- 5
se-
q
uence
.
0
. 02
mi cr oseco
nd
t o . 5
secon
d
/
di vi si on
i n
23
st e
p
s i n
±
1- 2- 5
se-
q
u
ence
.
See
Tabl e
1- 113
.
Speci f i cat i o
n
- 454
‘
/
R
454A
S
p
eci f i cat i on- 454zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
‘
/
R
454A
0
. 5st o0
. 1
¼
s/ DI
V
0
. 05
¼
s/ DI
V
Cal i br at e
d
Del ay
Ti me
Del ay
Ti me
Accur acy
5
s/
d
i v
t o 0
. 1
s/
d
i v
TA
BLE
1- 1
( cont )
C
h
ar act er i st i c
P
er f or mance
S
u
pp
l ement al
H
O
RI ZON
TA
LD
EFLE
CTI O
N
SYST
EM
( cont )
U
ncal i br at e
d
( var i abl e)
Swee
p
R
at es
‘
an
d
’
¤™œ•
/ DI
V
swi t c h
set t i ng
Over
cen
t er
ei g
h
t
di vi si ons
5
s
t o
1
s/ DI
V
(
‘
sweep
onl y)
Over
any t wo
d
i vi si on
p
or t i o
n
wi t
h
i n
cent er
ei g
ht
di vi si o
n
s( al l
swee
p
r at es)
50
ms/ di v
t o 0
.
1
¼
s/
d
i v
P
r ovi
des
co
n
t i
nu
ousl y
var i abl e
swee
p
At
l east
2
. 5
: 1
.
r at es
bet ween
t
h
e
cal i
b
r at e
d
st e
p
s
.
E
xt en
d
s t
h e sl owest
uncal i
b
r at e
d
swee
p
r at e
t o
at
l east
12
. 5
seconds/
d
i vi si on
f or
‘
sweep
or
1
. 25
secon
d
s/
di vi si on
f or
’
swee
p
.
TA
BLE
1- 1
’
Swee
p
Accur acy
0
0
C
t o
+40
0
C
™
- 15
0
C
t o
+55
0
C
U
nmagni f i e
d
™
M
agni f i e
d
2
™
U
nmagni f i e
d
I
M
agni f i ed
2
W
i t
h i n
3
¿
/
¿
™
W
i t
h
i n
4
¿
/
¿
™
W
i t
h i n
4
¿
/
¿
W
i t
h
i
n
5%
¿
™
W
i t
h i n
5
¿
/
¿
™
W
i t
h
i n
5
¿
/
¿
2
E
xcl
u
d
e
t
h
e
f ol l owi
ng p
or t i ons
of
t
h
e
m
agni f i e
d sweep
f r om
2
ns/
d
i v
t o
20
ns/
d
i v ( e
qu
i val ent
mag
n
i f i e
d swee
p
r at es)
:
2n
s/
d
i v
F
i r st
25
d
i vi si o
n
s
an
d
al l
beyo
nd
t
h e
100t h
di vi si on
.
5
Às/
d
i v
F
i r st
10
d i vi si o
n
s
and
al l
beyo
n
d
t
h e
100t h d
i vi si on
.
10
ns/
d
i v
F
i r st
5
d
i vi si o
n s
and
t
h e
l ast
3d
i vi si ons
.
20 n
s/
d i v
F
i r st
2
. 5
d
i vi si ons
and
t
h
e
l ast
1 . 5
d
i vi si ons
.
D
EL
AY
E
D/
M
I X
E
D
S
WEEP
Cont i nuous
f r om
50
seconds
t o
0
. 02
mi cr osecon
d
.
0
0
C
t o
+40
°
C
™
- 15
0
C
t o
+55
°
C
W
i t
h
i n
2 . 5%
¿
W
i t
h i n
3
. 5
¿
%
¿
W
i t
h
i
n
1
. 5%
™
W
i t
h
i n
2%
W
i t
h
i n
5
¿
/
¿
W
i t
h
i n
4%
¿
W
i t
h
i n
6
¿
/
¿
W
i t
h
i n
5%
¿
W
i t
h
i n
6
¿
/
¿
W
i t
h
i n
10%
M
ul t i
p
l i er
L
i near i t y
Del ay
Ti me
J
i t t er
Di f f er ent i al
Ti me
M
easur ement
Acc
u
r acy
M
i xed
Swee
p
Accur acy
Def l ect i on
F
act or
Cal i
b
r at e
d
R
ange
Accur acy
Sp
eci f i cat i o
n
- 454zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
‘
/
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454A
TA
BLE
1- 1
( cont )
C
h
ar act er i st i c
P
er f or mance
Su pp
l ement al
§
and
¥
I
npu
t
R
CC
h
ar act er i st i cs
§
B
andwi
d
t
h
at
U
pp
er
- 3
d
B
P
oi
n
t
Ph
ase
Sh
i f t
B
et wee
n
C
h
an
n
el
1
(
§
)
and
C
hannel 2
(
¥
)
Sensi t i vi t y
I nput
Coupl i ng
P
ol ar i t y
of
O
p
er at i on
U
sa
b
l e
F
r e
q
uency
R
ange
D
EL
AY
E
D/
M
I X
E
D
S
WEEP
( cont )
W
i t
h
i n
0
. 2%
¿
of
f ul l
scal e
( one
mi nor
d
i vi si on)
.
O
ne p
ar t
or
l ess i n
20, 000
of
10
§
t
he
¤™œ•
/ DI
V
set t i ng
.
W
i t
h
i n
1
. 5%
¿
an
d
4
mi
nor d
i al
d
i vi si ons
f or
d
el ay
t i mes
0
. 1
¼
s
t o
50
ms
.
W
i t
h
i n
2 . 5%
¿
and
4
mi nor
d
i al
d
i vi si ons
f or
del ay
t i mes
0
. 1
secon
dt o 5
sec-
on
d
s
.
W
i t
h
i
n
2%
p
l us
t
he
meas
u
r e
d
‘
swee
p
er r or
w
hen
vi ewi ng
‘
Sweep
po
r
t i on
onl y
.
’Swee
p
po
r
t i on
r et ai ns
same
ac-
cur acy
as
st at e
d
f or
’
( Del aye
d
Sweep)
.
See
V
er t i cal
Def l ect i on
Syst em
ch
ar ac-
t er i st i cs
.
See
V
er t i cal
Def l ect i on
Syst em
ch
ar ac-
t er i st i cs
.
At
l east
2
MH
z
.
§
-
¥O
PER
ATI O
N
3° or
l ess
f
r
om
DC
t o 2
MH
z
.
–
AXI S
I
NPU
T
F
i ve
vol t
p
eakt o p
ea
k
si gnal
pr od
u
ces
n
ot i cea
b
l e
mo
d
ul at i on
at
nor mal
i n-
t ensi t y
.
DC
( di r ect )
cou
p
l e
d
.
F
r om
DC
t o
50
MH
z
.
P
osi t i ve- goi ng
i
nput
si gnal
decr eases
t r ace
i nt e
n
si t y
;
N
egat i ve- goi ng
si gnal
i
n
cr eases
t r ace
i n-
t ensi t y
.
S
p
eci f i cat i on- 454zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
‘
/
R
454A
Maxi m
u
m
I nput
Vol t age
I n
p
ut
R
esi st ance
W
aves
hape
™
™
Sq uar ewave
P
ol ar i t y
™
P
osi t i ve- goi ng
wi t h b
asel i ne
at
zer o
vol t s
.
O
ut
p
ut
Vol t age
™
O
ne
vol t
p
ea
k
t o
p
ea
k
.
Out
p
ut
Cur
r
en
t
Fi ve
mi l l i amper es
t
h
r oug
h
t
he
C
UR-
REN
T
PR
O
BE
CA
L
l oop
on
t
he
i n-
st r
u
ment
si
d
e
p
a
n
el
.
R
epet i t i o
n
R
at e
™
O
ne
k
ilo
h
er t z
R
i set i me
™
One
mi c
r
oseco
nd
or
l ess
.
Accur acy
0' C
t o
+40
°
C
- 15
0
C
t o
+55
0
C
Vol t age
W
i t
h
i
n
1%
W
i t
h
i n
1
. 5%
¿
Cur r ent
W
i t
h
i n
1%
¿
W
i t
h
i
n
1
. 5%
R
epet i t i o
n
R
at e
W
i t
h
i
n 0. 5%
¿
W
i t
h
i n
1%
Dut y
Cycl e
49%
t o
51
%
¿
.
Out p
u
t
R
esi st ance
250
©
wi t h
i n
1%
¿
‘
Sweep
W
aves
hape
Am
p
l i t
ude
P
ol ar i t y
D
u
r at i o
n
O
u
t
p
ut
R
esi st ance
C
h
a
r
act er i st i c
P
er f or mance
Su
pp
l ement al
–
AXI S
I
NPU
T
( cont )
200
vol t s
DC
p
l
u
s
pea
k
AC
( o
ne
k
i l o-
h
er t z
o
r
l ess)
.
Sawt oot
h
P
osi t i ve- goi
ng
.
TA
BLE
1- 1
( cont )
CA
L
I
BR
ATO
R
OUT
PU
T
SI G
NA
LS
Ap
p
r oxi mat el y
10
vol t s
.
Same
as
‘
' swee
p
( var i abl e
wi t h
t
he
‘
S
WEEP
LEN
GT
H
co
n
t r ol )
.
A
pp
r oxi mat el y
47
k
i l o
h
ms
at
DC
.
W
i t
h
i n
10%
.
Appr oxi mat el y
330
o
h
ms
.
‘zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
and
’
+Gat es
W
aves
hape
Am
p
l i t u
de
P
ol ar i t y
D
u
r at i o
n
Out
p
ut
R
esi st ance
C
h
ar act er i st i c
P
er f or
m
ance
S
upp
l emen
t al
V
er t i cal
Si gnal
O
u
t
( C
H
1
Onl y)
Out
p
ut
V
ol t age
B
andwi dt
h
at
U
p
p
er
- 3
d
B
P
oi nt ,
DC
( di r ect )
Coupl ed
DC
L
evel
Out put
Coupl i ng
R
ect a
n
gul ar
p
ul se
A
p
pr oxi mat el y
12
vol t s
.
P
osi t i ve- goi
n
g
DC
t o
at l east
50
MH
z
.
DC
(
d
i r ect )
coupl ed
.
L
i ne
V
ol t age
115
vol t s
nomi nal and
230
vol t s
nomi -
nal
.
V
ol t age
R
a
n
ge
( AC,
RM
S)
115
V
ol t s
N
omi nal
L
ow
90
t o' 110
vol t s
.
M
ed
i um
™
104
t o
126
vol t s
.
H
i g
h
1
112
t o
136
vol t s
.
230
V
ol t s
N
omi nal
L
ow
1
180
t o
220
vol t s
.
TA
BLE
1- 1
( co
n
t )
O
U
T
PU
T
SI G
NA
LS
( cont )
Same du
r at i on
as
r es
p
ect i ve
sweep
.
10
mi l l i vol t s,
or
gr eat e
r
,
p
er
di vi si o
n
of
CRT
d
i s
p
l ay
i
n
t o
±
on
e
mego
h
m
l oad
.
P
O
WER
SUPPL
Y
M
edi um
208
t o
252
vol t s
.
H
i g
h
224
t o
272
vol t s
.
L
i
ne F
r e
q
uency
48
t o
62 Hz
.
M
axi mum
P
ower
Consumpt i on
116
wat t s
at
115
vol t s,
60 Hz
l i
ne
.
Sp
eci f i cat i o
n
- 454
‘
/
R
454A
12
. 6
vol t s
wi t h
i
n
10%
.
‘
Gat e
:
a
pp
r
oxi mat el y
330
oh
ms
’Gat e
:
a
pp
r oxi mat el y
1
k
i l o
h
m
A
d
j
ust a
b
l e
t o
0
vol t s
wi t
h
i n
8
m
V
.
S
p
eci f i cat i on- 454zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
‘
/
R
454A
Gr at i cul e
Ty
pe
Ar ea
R
esol
u
t i on
Hor i zont al
Ver t i cal
Geomet r y
Beam
Fi n
d
er
Tr ace
R
ot at i on
R
ange
Ph
ot ogr a
ph
i c
W
r i t i ng
S
p
eed
C31
Camer a
wi t
hf
1
. 2
L
ens
an
d
1
: 0
. 5
Obj ect - To- I mage
R
at i o
1- 10
C
h
ar act er i st i c
P
er f or man
ce
j
Su
pp
l ement al
C30
Camer a
wi t
h f
1
. 9
L
ens and
1
: 0
. 7
Obj ect - To- I mage
R
at i o
C40
Camer a
W
i t
h f
1
. 3
L
ens
and
1
: 0
. 5
Obj ect - To- I mage
R
at i o
I nt er nal
0
. 1
di vi si on
or
l ess
.
TA
BLE
1- 1
( cont )
CAT
H
OD
E
-
R
AY
T
UBE
( C
R
T)
E
i g
h
t
di vi si ons
ver t i cal
by
10
d
i vi si o
n
s
h
or i zont al
.
E
ac
h
di vi si o
n equ
al s
0
. 8
cent i met er
.
15
l i nes
or
gr eat er
i n
one
di vi si o
n
.
15
l i
n
es
or
gr eat er
i n
one
d
i vi si on
.
L
i
m
i t s
di s
p
l ay
wi t
h
i n
gr at i cul e
ar ea
w
h
en
p
r esse
d
.
At
l east
1600
d
i vi si ons/
¼
s
( 1280
cm/
¼
s)
wi t h P
ol ar oi
d
Type
410
f i l
m
10, 000
ASA)
and
Ty
p
e
¡
31
C
R
T
p
h
os
ph
or
.
At
l east
3200
di vi si o
n
s/
¼
s
( 2560
cm/
¼
s)
wi t h P
ol ar oi
d
Ty
p
e
410
f i l m
( 10, 000
ASA)
an
d
Ty
p
e¡
11
C
R
T
p
hosp
h
or
.
At
l east
182
di vi si ons/
¼
s
( 146
cm/
¼
s)
wi t
h P
ol ar oi d
t ype
107
f i l m
( 10, 000
ASA)
and
Type
¡31
C
R
T
phosph
or
.
At
l east
1250
d
i vi si ons/
¼
s
( 1000
cm/
¼
s)
wi t h
P
ol ar oi d
t y
p
e
410
f i l m
( 10, 000
ASA)
an
d
Ty
p
e¡
31
C
R
T
ph
os
p
h
or
.
At
l east
2500
di vi si ons/
¼
s
( 2000
cm/
¼
s)
wi t h P
ol ar oi
dt ype
410
f i l m
( 10, 000
ASA)
and
Ty
p
e
¡
11
CRT
ph
os
ph
or
.
At
l east
5
. 4
°
.
Temper at ur e
O
p
er at i ng
E
l ect r omag
n
et i c
I
n
t er f er e
n
ce
(
M
OD163D
Onl y) As
Test ed
I n
MI L- 1- 6181D
Tr ans
p
or t at i on
Al t i t u
d
e
O
p
er at i ng
H
umi
d
i t y
V
i
b
r at i on
S
h
oc
k
Non- Oper at i ng
R
a
d
i at ed
I nt er f er ence
Con
d
uct ed I nt er f er ence
Non- Oper at i ng
O
p
er at i
ng
and
St or age
O
p
er at i ng
O
p
er at i ng
and
Non- Oper at i ng
C
h
ar act er i st i c
- 15
0
C
t o
+55
0
C
- 55
0
C
t o
+75
0
C
TA
BLE
1- 2
ENV
I
R
O
NMEN
TA
L
P
er f or mance
R
a
d
i at e
d
I nt er f er ence
f r om
t
h
e
i nst r u-
ment
un
d
er t est
wi t h
i
n
t
he
gi ve
n
l i mi t s
f r om
150
kH
z
t o
1000
MH
z
.
Co
nduct ed
i
n
t er f er e
nce
t
h
r oug
h
t
h
e
p
ower
cor d wi t h
i n
t
he gi ven
l i mi t s
f r om
150
kH
z
t o
25
MH
z
.
Qual i f i e
d
un
d
er
N
at i onal
Saf e Tr ansi t
Commi t t ee
t est
pr ocedur e
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30- i nc hd
r o
p
.
To
15, 000
f eet
.
M
axi mum
al l owabl e
am
b
i ent
t em
p
er at ur e
d ecr eased
by
1 °
C/ 1000
f eet
f r om
5, 000
f eet
t o
15, 000
f eet
.
To
50, 000
f eet
.
5 cycl es
( 120
h
our s)
t o
95%
¿
r el at i ve
h
umi di t y
r ef er enced
t o
MI L- E- 16400
F
.
F
i f t een
mi nut es
al ong
eac
h
of
t
he
t
h
r ee
ma
j
or
axes
at
±
t ot al
d
i s
p
l ace-
ment
of 0 . 025
i nc
hpeakt o p
ea
k
( 4
g' s
at
55
H
z)
wi t h
f r equency
var i ed
f r om
10 t o
55
H
z i n
one
mi nut e swee
p
s
.
H
ol
d
f or
3
mi nut es
at
55
H
z
.
Al l
ma
j
or
r esonances
must
be
above
55
H
z
.
30
g' s,
1/ 2
si ne,
11
ms d
ur at i on,
2
s
h
oc
k
s
p
er
axi s
each
di r ect i on
f or
±
t ot al
of 12
s
h
oc
k
s
.
S
p
eci f i cat i on- 454
‘
/
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Su
pp
l ement al
F
an
at
r ear
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ai r
t
h
r oug
h
out
i nst r
u
ment
.
Aut omat i c
r eset t i
ng
t
h
er -
mal cut out
p
r ot ect s
i nst r ument
f r om
over
h
eat i ng
.
F
or
i nst r ument s
eq
ui
pped
wi t hr un-
ni ng
t i me
met er s, d
er at e
non- oper at i ng
l ow
t emper at
u
r e
t o
- 30
0
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.
Speci f i cat i on- 454zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
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Const r uct i o
n
C
h
assi s
P
anel
Cab
i net
Ci r cui t
B
oar
d
s
Over al l
Di mensi ons,
454
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( measur e
d
at
maxi mum
p
oi
n
t s)
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ei g
h
t
L
engt h
W
i
d
t
h
Over al l
d
i mensi ons,
R
454A
( measur e
d
at
maxi mum
p
oi nt s)
H
ei g
h
t
L
engt h
W
i
d
t
h
Al umi num
al l oy
Al umi num
al l oy
wi t
h
ano
d
i ze
d
f i n-
i s
h
.
B
l
u
e
vi n
yl - coat e
d
al umi num
( an-
odi zed
al
u
mi num
on
R
454A)
.
Gl ass- e
p
oxy
l ami
n
at e
.
7
. 2
i nc
hes
.
12
. 6
i nc
hes
.
7
i nc
h
es
.
TA
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1- 3
PH
YSI CA
L
I nf or mat i on
C
h
ar act er i st i c
20
. 7
i nc
h
es
( i ncl
u
d
es
f r ont
cover )
;
22
. 4
i nc
h
es
wi t
h ha
nd
l e
p
osi t i oned
f or
car r yi ng
Connect or s
–
AXI S
I
NPU
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PR
O
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P
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Al l
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h
er
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-
nect or s
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et
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t
454
‘
R
454A
B
i n
d
i ng
P
ost
.
S
p
eci al
t
h
r ee- pi n
connect or
com-
p
at i bl e
wi t h
p
ower
connect or
of
t
he
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k
t r oni x
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P
r obe
.
BN
C
.
I nf or mat i on
A
pp
r oxi mat el y
30
p
oun
d
s
.
A
pp
r oxi mat el y
33
. 5
p
ounds
.
STA
N
DA
RD
ACC
E
SSO
R
I
E
S
18
i
n
c
h
es
beh
i
nd f r ont panel
;
19
. 8
St an
d
ar
d
accessor i es
su
pp
lie
d
wi t
h
t
he
454
‘
and
R
454A
i nc
h
es
over al l
.
ar e
l i st ed
i
n
t
he
M
ec h
ani cal
P
ar t s
L
i st
.
F
or op
t i o
nal
acces-
sor i es
avai l abl e
f or use wi t h
t
h
i s
i nst r ume
n
t ,
see
t
h
e c
u
r r ent
19
i nc
hes
.
Te
k
t r oni x,
I nc
.
cat al og
.
Gene
r
al
F
r o
n
t
Cover
O
p
er at i ng
V
ol t age
.
SECTI ON
2
OPERATI NG
I NSTRUCTI ONS
Ch
ange
i nf or
m
at i on,
i f
a
n
y,
af f ect i
n
g
t
h
i s
sect
i
on
wi l l
be
f o
und
at
t
h
e
r
ear
of
t hi s
m
a
nu
al
.
To
ef f ect i vel y
u
se
t
he
454zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
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,
t
he o
p
er at i on
an
d
ca
p
a-
bi l i t i es
of
t
he
i
n
st r ument
m
u
st
be
know
n
.
T
h
i s
sect i on
descr
¯
b
es
t
he o
p
er at i o
n
of
t
he
f r ont - ,
si de-
an
d
r ear -
p
anel
cont r ol s
and
co
n
du
ct or s,
gi ves
f i r st a
n
d
gener al oper at i ng
i nf o
r
mat i on
an
d
l i st s
some
b
asi c
a
pp
l i cat i ons
f or
t
h
i s
i nst r u-
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
e
f r ont
cover
f u
r
ni s
h
e
d
w
i t
h
t
h
e
454
‘
pr ovi
d
es
±
d
ust - t i g
h
t
seal
ar ound
t h
e f r ont
p
anel
.
U
se
t
h
e
cover
t o
p
r ot ect
t
h
e
f r ont
panel
w
h
en
st or i ng
or
t r a
n
s
p
o
r
t i
n
g t h e
i nst r ument
.
T
h
e
cover
al so
pr ovi des
st o
r
age
s
p
ace
f or
pr
o
b
es
an
d
ot her
accessor i es
( see
F
i g
.
2- 1)
.
µ±ÅĹ ź
454
‘ ™
R454
‘
Thi s i nst
r um
ent
i s
desi gned
f or
ope
r at i on fr
o
m
±
power
so
u
r ce
wi t h
i t s
ne
u
t
r
al
at o
r
n
ear
ear
t
h
F
i g
.
2- t
.
Accesso
r
y
st or age
p
r ovi
d
ed
i n
f r ont cover
.
( gr o u
nd)
p
ot en
t i al
wi t
h±
se
p
ar
at e
saf et y- ea
r
t
h
co
nd
uct o
r
.
I t
i s
not
i nt e
nded
f ar
oper at i on
f
r
o
m
t wo
ph
ases
of
±
m
u
l t i - phase
syst e
m
,
or ac
r oss
t
he
l egs
of
±
si ngl e-
ph
ase,
t
hr ee- wi r e syst e
m
.
3
.
To
conver t
f r
om
115- vol t s
nomi nal
t o 230- vol t s
nomi nal
l i ne
vol t age
or
vi ce
ver sa,
ÁÅ
#
™
o
u
t t h
e
V
ol t age
Sel ect or swi t c h bar
{ see
F
i g
.
2- 2)
;
t ur
n
i t
180
°
an
d
p
l ug
i t
T
he
454‘
can
be
o p
er at e
d
f r om
ei t her
±
115- vol t or
±
back
i nt o
t h
e
r e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
h
ol es
.
Ch
a
nge
t
he
l i ne- cor
d
power
230- vol t
no
m
i nal
l i
ne
vol t age
so
u
r ce
.
T
h
e
Li ne
V
ol t age
pl ug t o
m
at c
h
t
h
e
p
ower - sour ce
r ecept acl e or
u
se
±
115-
t o
Sel ect or
assembl y
on
t
he
r ea
rpanel
conve
r
t s
t
h
e
i
n
st r
u
ment
230- vol t
ada
p
t er
.
f
r
o
m
one
o p
er at i ng
r ange t o
t h
e
ot
h er
.
I n
a
dd
i t i on,
t
h
i s
assem
b
l y c
h
anges
t
h
e
pr i mar y
connect i o
n
s
of
t
h
e
p
ower
t
r
ansf or
m
er
t o
al l ow
sel ect i on
of
one
of
t
h
r ee r eg
u
l at i ng
NOTE
r anges
.
T
h
e
assembl y
al so
i ncl u
d
es
t
h
e
t wo
l i ne
f u
ses
.
W
h
en
t
h e
i nst r u
m
ent
i
s
co
nver t ed
f r om
I 15- vol t t o
230- vol t
Col or - codi ng
of
t
he
ca
r
d cond
u
ct o
r
s
i s
as
f ol l ows
( i n
nomi nal
o
p
er at i on or
vi ce
ver sa,
t he
asse
m
bl y con
n
ect s
or
accor da
nce
w
i t
h
N
at i onal
El ect r i cal
Co
d
e)
:
d
i sco
nn
ect s
one
of
t
h
e
f uses
t o
pr ovi de
t
h
e
cor
r
ect
pr ot ec-
t i on
f or
t he
i nst r
u
m
ent
.
U
se
t
he
f ol l owi
n
g
pr
oce
d
u r e
t o
f i ne
B
l ac
k
conver t
t
h
i s
i nst r
u
m
ent
bet ween
no
m
i nal l i ne
vol t ages
or
N
e
u
t r
al
W
h
i t e
r egul ot i ng
r a n
ges
.
Saf et y
ea
r t
h
( gr o
un
d)
Gr een
1 .
Di sconnect
t
h
e
i nst r u
m
ent
f r o
m
t
h
e
p
ower
sour ce
.
4
.
To
c
h
ange
r egul at i
ng
r a n
ges,
ÁÅ“ ™
out
t h
e
R
ange
Sel ect or
s
w
i t c
hbar
( see
F
i g
.
2- 2)
;
sl i
d
e
i t
t o
t
h
e
d
esi r e
d
2
.
L
oose
n
t
he
t wo
cal
scr ews
w
h
i c
h h
ol
d
t
he
cove
r
posi t i on
and
p
l ug
i t
back
i
n
.
Sel ect
±
r ange
w
h
i c h
i s
ont o
t
h
e
vol t age
sel ect or
assembl y
;
t
hen
pul l
t o
r emo
v
e
t
he
cent er ed
about
t
h
e
aver age
l i
ne
vo
l
t age t o
w
hi c
h
t
he
cove
r
.
i nst r u
m
ent
i s
t o
be
connect ed
( see
Tabl e
2- 1)
.
Oper at i ng
I nst r uct i ons- 454AI R454AzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
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t
h
er
m
al
cut out
i n
t
h
i s
i nst r
u
ment
pr ovi
d
es
t
h
er mal
p
r ot ect i o
n
and
d
i sco
nn
ect s
t h e
p
ower
t o
t
h
e
i nst r
u
ment
i f
t h
e
i nt er nal
t emper at ur e
excee
d
s
±
saf e
o
p
er at i ng
l evel
.
O
pe
r
at i on
of
t
h
e
i nst r
u
ment
f or
ext en
d
e
d
p
er i o
d
s
wi t h
out
t h e
cover s
may
cause
i t
t o
over h
eat
a
nd
t
he
t
h
er mal
c
ut out
F
i g
.
2- 2
.
L
i
n
e
V
ol t age
Sel ect o
r
assemb
l
y on
t
h
e
r ea
r
panel
( s
h
ow
n
to
open
mor e
f r e
q
ue
n
t l y
.
T
he
ai r
f
i
l
t er
sh
o
u
l d
be
cl eaned
wi t
h
cover
r emove
d
) .
occasi onal l y
t o
al l ow
t
h e
maxi m
u
m
amou
n
t
of
cool i
ng
ai r
t o e
n
t er
t h e
i
n
st r
u
m
ent
.
Cl ean
i ng
i nst r
uct i ons
ar e
gi ven
i
n
Sect i o
n
4
.
TA
BLE
2- 1
Regu
l at i ng
Ranges
Reg
u
l at i
n
g
Ra
nge
R
ange
Sel ect or
115
V
ol t s
230
V
ol t s
S
w
i t c
h P
osi t i on
Nomi nal
N
omi nal
LO
( swi t c
h
bar
i n
90
t o
110
vol t s
180
t o
220
vol t s
l ef t
h
ol es}
_
œ
( swi t ch
bar
i
n
104
t o
126
vol t s
208
t o
252
vol t s
mi d
d
l e
h
ol es)
—™
( swi t c
h
b
ar
i n
112
t o
136
vo
Its
224
t o
272
vol t s
r i g
h
t
h
ol es)
5
.
R
e- i nst al l
t
h
e
cove
r
and
t i g
ht en
t
he
t
w
o capt i ve
sc
r
e
w
s
.
6
.
B
ef or e
appl yi ng
p
ower
t o
t
he
i nst r u
m
ent ,
c
hec
k
t
h
at
t
he
i n
d
i cat i ng
t abs
on
t
h
e
swi t c h
ba
r s
ar e p
r ot r u
d
i
n
g
t
hr ou
g
h
t
h
e cor r ect
h
ol es
f or
t
h
e
d
esi r e
d
nomi nal
l i ne
vol t age
an
d
r
eg
u
l at i ng
r ange
.
2- 2
.
connect
t
h
i s
i nst r u
m
ent t o
±
t wo- wi r e
AC
p
ower
syst e
m
,
be
sur e
t o
co
nn
ect
t
he
gr oun
d
l ea
d
of
t
h
e
a
d
a
p
t er
t o ear t
h
( gr ou
n
d
)
.
F
ai l ur e t o
com
p
l et e
t
h
e
gr oun
d
syst em
may
al l ow
t h e
c
h
assi s
of
t
h
i s
i nst
r
ument
t o
be
el evat e
dab
ove gr o
u
nd
p
ot ent i al
and
p
ose
±
shoc
k hazar d
.
O
p
er at i
n
g
Te
mp
e
r
at ur e
Th
e
454
‘
i s
cool e
d
by
ai r
d
r awn
i
n
at
t
h
e
r ear
an
d
b
l own
ou
t t
h
r o
u
gh hol es
i n t
he
t o
p and
bot t om
cover s
.
Ade
q uat e
cl ear ance
on
t
he
t op,
b
ot t om
an
d
r ea
r
mu
st
be
p
r ovi
d
e
d t o
al l ow
heat t o be
d
i ssi pat e
d
away
f r om
t
h
e
i nst r ume
n
t
.
T
h
e
cl ear a
nce
p
r ovi
ded
by
t
he
f eet
at
t
h
e
b
ot t o
m
an
d
r ear
s
houl d
be
mai nt ai ne
d
.
I f
p
ossi bl e,
al l ow
a
bo
u t
o
n
e
i nc
h
cl ear ance
on
t
he t op
.
Do
not
bl ac kor
r est r i ct
t
he
ai r
f l ow
f r om
t
he
ai r
escap
e
h
ol es
i n
t
he
cabi net
.
T
h
e
454
‘
can be
oper at e
d
wh
e
r
e
t
h
e
a
m
bi ent
ai r
t em
p
er at u
r
e
i s
bet ween
- - 15
°
C
an
d
+55
°
C
.
T
he
maxi
m
um
o p
er at i
n
g
t e
m
per at ur e
m
ust
b
eB
er at e
d
1
°
C
f or
eac
h
a
dd
i t i onal
1000
f eet
of
al t i t ude
a
b
ove
5000
f eet
.
T
h
i s
i nst r
u
m
ent
can
b
e
st or e
d
i
n
ambi ent
t e
mp
er at ur es
b
et ween
- 35
°
C
and
.
+75
°
C
.
Af t er
st or age
at
t em
per at u
r
es
beyond
t
he op
er at i ng
l i
m
i t s,
al l ow
t
h
e c
h
assi s
t emper at ur e
t o
co
m
e
wi t
h
i n t
he
o
p
er at i ng
l i
m
i t s
bef or e
power
i s
appl i e
d
.
O
p
er at i ng
P
osi t i o
n
T
h
ehand
l e
of
t
he
454‘
can
be
p
osi t i oned f o
r
car r yi
n
g
or
as
±
t i l t - st an
d
f or
t
he
i nst r ume
n
t
.
To
p
osi t i o
n
t
he h
an
d
l e,
p
r ess
i
n
at
bot
h
p
i vot
p
oi nt s
( see
F
i g
.
2- 3)
an
d
t
u
r n
t
h
e
h
an
d
l e
t o
t
he
desi r e
d
posi t i on
.
F
ou
r t een
posi t i ons
ar e
p
r ovi
d
ed
f or co
n
ven
i ent
car r yi ng
or
vi ewi ng
.
T
h
e
i nst r
u
ment
m
ay
al so
be
set
on
t
he
r ear
f eet
ei t
her
f or
oper at i o
n or st or age
.
R
ackmount i ng
Com
p
l et e
i nf or mat i on
f or
mo
u
nt i ng
t he
R
454A
i
n±
cab
i net
r ac
k
i s
gi ven
i n
Sect i on
6 of
t hi s
m
a
nu
al
.
Th
i s
i nst
r u
me
n
t
m
ay 6e da
m
aged
i f
op
erat e
d
wi
t h
t
he
L
i ne
Vol t age Sel ect or
asse
m
bl y
set
t o
i nco
r
r ect
CO
N
TRO
L
S
A
N
DCO
NN
E
CTO
R
S
posi t i ons
f o
r
t
he
l i ne
vol t age
appl i ed
.
Gener al
T
h e
454
‘
i s
d
esi gned
t o
b
e u
sed
wi t
h±
t
hr ee- w
i
r e
AC
‘
br i ef
d
escr i
p
t i o
n of
t
h
e
f
un
ct i on
and
oper at i on
of
t
he
p
ower
syst e
m
.
I f
t he
t
h
r ee-
t o
t wo- wi r e
a
dapt er
i s
used t o
f
r on
t - ,
si
d
e-
and r ear - pane
l
cont
r
ol s
and
connect or s
f ol l ows
.
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