Texas Instruments TMS34010 User manual

TMS34010
C Compiler
User's Guide
."
TEXAS
INSTRUMENTS
SPVUOO5

TMS34010 C Col11piler
User's Guide
TEXAS
INSTRUMENTS

IMPORTANT NOTICE
Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes in the devices or the
device specifications identified in this publication
without notice. TI advises
its customers
to obtain the latest version of device specifications to verify,
before placing orders, that the information being relied upon by the customer
is current.
In the absence of written agreement to the contrary, TI assumes no liability for
TI applications assistance, customer's product design, or infringement of pat-
ents or copyrights
of third parties by or arising from use of semiconductor
devices described herein. Nor does TI warrant or represent that any license,
either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright. or other
intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination, ma-
chine, or process in which such semiconductor devices might be or are used.
Copyright © 1986, Texas Instruments Incorporated

Contents
Section
1
1.1
1.2
TMS34010 C Compiler Package Product Overview
Applicable Documents
Documentation Conventions
Page
1-1
1-2
1-2
2 TMS34010 C Compiler Package Installation 2-1
2.1 Installation for Texas Instruments and IBM PC Systems ........ 2-2
2.1.1 Hardware Requirements .............. ........ 2-2
2.1.2 Installation for TIPC and IBM PC Systems with Dual Diskette Drives 2-2
2.1.3 Installation for PC Systems with a Winchester Disk and Single Diskette
Drive
.............. 2-3
2.1.4 Tools Verification on PC Systems 2-4
2.2 VAXNMS Systems 2-6
2.2.1 Installation Procedure ..... 2-6
2.2.2 Tools Verification . . . . . 2-6
2.3 VAX/ULTRIX and VAX/UNIX System V 2-7
2.3.1 Instanation Procedure ....... 2-7
2.3.2 Tools Verification on ULTRIX and UNIX Systems 2-7
3 Invocation and Operation of the TMS34010 C Compiler 3-1
3.1 The TMS3401 0 C Preprocessor (GSPCPP) 3-2
3.1.1 Invoking GSPCPP 3-2
3.1.2 GSPCPP Options ..... 3-2
3.1.3 Operation of GSPCPP 3-3
3.2 The TMS3401 0 Parser (GSPCC) 3-3
3.2.1 Invoking the Parser 3-3
3.2.2 Operation of the Parser 3-4
3.3 ,The Code Generator (GSPCG) 3-4
3.3.1 Invoking GSPCG 3-4
3.3.2 GSPCG Options 3-5
3.3.3 Input Requirements 3-6
3.3.4 GSPCG Output 3-6
3.4 Batch Execution of the C Compiler ,3-6
3.5 Assembling a C Program 3- 7
3.6 Archiving a C Program
3- 7
3.7 Linking a C Program
3-7
3.7.1 Run-Time Initialization 3-7
3.7.2 Object Libraries and Run-Time Support 3-8
3.7.3 The -c Option in the Linker 3-8
3.7.4 Linker Command File ......... 3-8
iii

4
The TMS34010 C language 4-1
4.1
Identifiers and Keywords 4-2
4.2 Constants 4-2
4.3 TMS34010 C Data Types
4-2
4.3.1 Derived Types 4-3
4.4 Object Alignment
4-4
4.5 Conversions 4-4
4.6 Expressions 4-4
4.6.1 Void Expressions 4-4
4.6.2 Primary Expressions 4-5
4.6.3 Unary Operators in Expressions
4-5
4.6.4 Assignment Operators in Expressions
4-5
4.7 Declarations
4-5
4.7.1 Storage Class Specifiers in Declarations 4-5
4.7.2 Type Specifiers in Declarations 4-6
4.7.3 Structure and Union Declarations
4-6
4.7.4 Enumeration Declarations 4-7
4.8 Initialization of Static and Global Variables 4-8
4.9 8sm Statement 4-8
4.10 Lexi~al Scope Rules . .
..
4-10
5
TMS34010 C Run-Time Environment 5-1
5.1 Memory Model
5-2
5.1.1 TMS34010 C Stacks
5-2
5.1.2 Global Variable Memory Allocation 5-3
5.1.3 Structure Packing and Field Manipulation
5-3
5.1.4 Array Alignment 5-3
5.2 Register Conventions
5-4
5.2.1 D.edicated Registers
5-4
5.2.2 Using Registers
5-4
5.2.3 Register Variables
5-5
5.3 Integer Expression Analysis
5-5
5.4 Floating Point Conventions 5-6
5.5 Function Call Conventions
5-7
5.5.1 Register Usage Within Functions 5-8
5.5.2 Passing Parameters
5-8
5.5.3 Local Frame Generation 5-9
5.5.4 Function Termination
5-10
5.5.5 Restoration of the CaUer's Environment 5-11
5.5.6 Return from Function 5-11
5.6 Interrupt Handling 5-11
5.7 System Initialization
5-12
5.7.1 System Stack
5-13
5.7.2 Program Stack 5-13
5.7.3 Initialization of Global Variables 5-13
iv

6
6.1
6.1.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
A
8
C
D
E
TMS34010 Run-Time Support
Memory Management ........... .
Specifying the Size
of Memory to Manage
String Functions ............ .
Character Typing and Conversion Macros
Miscellaneous Functions ....... .
Fatal Errors
Reference Documents
C Preprocessor Directives
Floating Point Facility
Interfacing Assembly Language with C
6-1
6-2
6-2
6-2
6-3
6-3
A-1
8-1
C-1
D-1
E-1
v

Illustrations
Figure Page
1 -1 . TMS34010 C Compiler Package Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-1
5-1 . Typical Function Call
with Parameters Passed, No Value Returned 5-8
D-1. Single-Precision Floating Point Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. D-2
D-2. Double-Precision Floating Point Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. D-3
D-3. Single-Precision Normalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. D-5
Tables
Table Page
4-1. TMS34010 C Data Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4-3
D-1. Floating Point Error Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. D-7
vi

1. TMS34010 C Compiler Package Product Overview
The C programming language has become one of the dominant languages for
high-level graphics software. Thus, C is a logical choice for systems, periph-
eral, and applications software developers using the TMS34010 Graphics
System Processor. GSP C, a compiler implementation for the TMS3401 0, has
been created
to allow developers to tap this software base for high-
performance TMS34010 systems. GSP C accepts standard Kernighan and
Ritchie C source code and produces
TMS34010 assembly language source
code.
The TMS3401 0 C Compiler Package consists
of a C Preprocessor, a Parser,
and a Code Generator,
as well as Run-Time Support and Floating Point Li-
braries. The TMS3401 0 Assembly Language Package supports the assembly,
archiving,-and linking
of compiler-generated software. The resulting execut-
able code can be run on a TMS3401 0 target system. Target systems can in-
clude software simulators, software development boards, Texas Instruments
XDS (Extended Development Systems) units,
or custom TMS3401 0 systems.
An illustration
of this interaction is shown in Figure 1-1.
1MS34010
FONTS
LIBRARY
1MS34010
MATH/GRAPHICS
FUNCTION
UBRARY
Figure 1-1. TMS34010 C Compiler Package Interaction
1-1

TMS34010 C Compiler Package Product Overview
1.1 Applicable Documents
• Kernighan, B., and D. Ritchie. The C Programming Language, Pren-
tice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1978.
• Kochan, Steve G. Programming in C, Hayden Book Company.
• Sobelman, Gerald E. and David E. Krekelberg. Advanced C: Techniques
and Applications, Que Corporation, 1985.
• TMS34010 User's Guide (SPPU005), covering all the hardware related
subjects: architecture, registers, addressing modes, etc.
• TMS34010 Assembly Language Tools User's Guide (SPDU076), cov-
ering the assembler, linker, archiver, and PROM programming utility.
• TMS34010 Software Development Board User's Guide (SPVU002),
describing a PC-based tool for developing and debugging programs for
the TMS3401
O.
• TMS34010 XDS/22 User's Guide (SPDU058) describing the most
powerful
tool available for developing software for the TMS3401 O.
• TMS34010 Font Library User's Guide (SPVU005), describing the font
data structure and illustrating each of the available fonts.
1.2 Documentation Conventions
1-2
The documentation conventions used in this book include:
<> Angle brackets enclose user-supplied information that is to be typed
out;
for example, <filename> indicates that the name of the file is to
be entered. The brackets themselves are not entered, except in the case
of #include statements used in illustrating the syntax of some macros
(see Section 6, TMS3401 0 Run-Time Support).
[] Square brackets enclose optional items.
A
special fbnt is used for information displayed on the screen.
Underscoring
is used to indicate the information you type in response to
prompts or other screen displays.
Italics are used to highlight function names, commands, code, and similar
items
within a text line.
Boldface type is used to indicate emphasis.
In Section 4, text in the left margin gives references to corresponding sections
in Kernighan and Ritchie's book,
The C Programming Language, or indicates
additional information
not included in their book.

2. TMS34010 C Compiler Package Installation
The TMS3401 0 C Compiler operates under these operating systems:
• MS' -DOS Version 2.1 (or later)
• PC-DOS2 Version 2.1 (or later)
• VAXNMS3
• VAX/ULTRIX™3
• VAX/UNIX™4 System V
MS-DOS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
2
PC-DOS is a trademark of International Business Machines.
3
VAX, VMS, and ULTRIX are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation.
4
UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories.
2-1