Viessmann Vitosol100 Quick start guide

File in: Vitotec technical guide folder, register8
VITOSOL
Viessmann solar panels
the right solution for every application
Using solar energy to heat domestic hot water and to provide
central heating backup
Vitosol100
Flat collector
for installation on flat and pitched roofs, for roof integration
and for freestanding installation
Large area flat collector
for roof integration on pitched roofs with roof tiles
Vitosol200
Direct flow vacuum tube collector for installation on pitched and
flat roofs and on walls
Vitosol250
Highly efficient direct flow vacuum tube collector for installation
on pitched and flat roofs and on walls
Vitosol300
Vacuum tube collector, based on the heat pipe principle, for
installation on pitched and flat roofs and for freestanding installation
Technical guide
Vitosol100
Types2.5
Vitosol100
Type5DI
Vitosol200 Vitosol250 Vitosol300
58221356 GB5/2004

Contents
2VITOSOL
Contents Page
1 Basic principles of solar technology 1.1 Subsidies, permits and insurance 3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Solar energy 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HExploiting solar energy 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HSolar radiation 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HExploiting solar energy with collectors 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HInfluence of alignment, inclination and shade on energy yield 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Overall system optimisation 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Specification 2.1 Construction and function of collectors 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOverview of the range of solar panels from Viessmann  9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HFlat collectors 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 Vitosol 100 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HVacuum tube collectors 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 Vitosol 200direct flow vacuum tube collector 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 Vitosol 250direct flow vacuum tube collector 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 Vitosol 300vacuum tube collector based on the heat pipe principle 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 Collector efficiency 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Solar coverage 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4 Selection of collector types 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HInstallation options for different collector types 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HVitosol 100 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HVitosol 200 24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HVitosol 250 26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HVitosol 300 28. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HSnow load zones 30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5 General installation instructions 37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 Notes on design and operation 3.1 Calculating the required collector surface area 38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HDHW heating/loading 38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HSwimming pool water heating 38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HCentral heating 39. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HGuide values for sizing of solar heating systems 39. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HExamples of estimates of the required collector surface area
and the number of collectors 41
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Sizing pipe diameters and circulation pump 42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HSizing pipe diameters 42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HPressure drop of the solar heating system 49. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HSizing the circulation pump 51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HLiquid capacity of solar heating system components 53. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 Safety equipment 54. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HDiaphragm expansion vessel 55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HSafety valve 57. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HHigh limit safety cut−out 57. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4 Accessories 58. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 System designs 4.1 System design 1
HDual mode DHW heating with DHW cylinders
VitocellB100 or VitocellB300, with Vitosolic 100 61
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HDual mode DHW heating with DHW cylinders
VitocellB100 or VitocellB300, with Vitosolic 200 63
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 System design 2
HDual mode DHW heating and central heating backup
by heating water calorifier, with Vitosolic 200 65
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 System design 3
HDual mode DHW heating with two DHW cylinders,
with Vitosolic 200 68
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4 System design 4
HDual mode DHW and swimming pool heating, with Vitosolic 200 71
. . . . . . . . . .
4.5 System design 5
HDual mode DHW heating and central heating backup with combination cylinder
or heating water calorifier with stratification loading system,
with Vitosolic 200 75
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.6 System design 6
HDual mode DHW heating with heating water calorifiers
in series, with Vitosolic 200 79
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.7 Additional Vitosolic 100 functions 82. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.8 Additional Vitosolic 200 functions 84. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 Appendix 5.1 ViessmannESOP calculation program 92. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 Glossary 94. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3 Overview of stress reactions for Vitosol 100 95. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5822135 GB

1.1Subsidies, permits and insurance
3
VITOSOL
1.1 Subsidies, permits and insurance
Initial system installation
For all types of solar panel, the grant level
per m2installed area (gross) [in Germany]
is 110Efor systems with a gross surface
area (see page9) up to 200m2. For
every additional m260Eper m2.
Expansion of existing systems
The subsidy amounts to 60Eper started
m2of additional gross surface area,
independent of the size of the existing
system.
For systems used to heat swimming pool
water (even partially), the subsidy
amounts to 80% of the above rates.
From June 2004, solar panel systems can
only receive subsidies if the annual
collector yield is at least 525kWh/m2with
a solar cover portion of 40%, and if the
solar panels meet the requirements of the
"Blue Angel" certificate of environmental
excellence to RAL UZ 73.
Applications and subsidy conditions are
available [in Germany] from the
Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und
Ausfuhrkontrolle (www.bafa.de).
In addition, subsidies for solar heating/
power systems are offered by some
Federal States and local authorities.
Further information is available from our
sales offices.
Further information about current subsidy
programs [in Germany] are also available
at http://www.solarserver.de/
foerderung/foerderprogrammebund.html.
Permits for the installation of solar
heating systems are not universally the
same.
The subsidies described here apply in
Germany only. Please contact your local
authorities for local details.
Your local planning office will be able to
advise you about whether solar heating
systems need planning permission.
Viessmann solar panels are tested for
impact resistance, incl. hail impact, in
accordance with DIN EN 12975−2.
Nevertheless, we would recommend you
include the collectors in your building
insurance, to protect you from losses
arising from any extraordinary natural
phenomenon. Our warranty excludes
such losses.
5822135 GB

1.2Solar energy
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
H
RL
VL
K
A
Direct
radiation
Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Diffused
radiation
4VITOSOL
1.2 Solar energy
Exploiting solar energy
We have been using the sun’s heat since
time immemorial. In summer, it heats our
buildings directly, while in winter we
make use of solar energy stored in the
form of wood, coal, oil and gas, to
provide heat for our buildings and
domestic hot water.
To protect fuel reserves, the heating
industry has committed itself to finding
more responsible ways of handling these
precious resources which have
accumulated over millions of years.
One rational way of achieving this aim is
to make direct use of solar energy by
means of solar panels.
Thanks to the use of highly sophisticated
collectors and a perfectly matched overall
system, the economic use of solar energy
is no longer a futuristic vision, but a
proven everyday reality.
Considering that fuel prices will continue
to rise in the years ahead, investing in a
solar heating system can be viewed as a
genuine investment in the future.
Solar radiation
ADiffused celestial radiation
BDirect solar radiation
CWind, rain, snow, convection
DConvection losses
EConduction losses
FHeat radiation of the absorber
GHeat radiation of the glass cover
HUseful collector output
KReflection
Solar radiation represents a flow of energy
irradiated uniformly in all directions by the
sun. Of that energy, an output of
1.36kW/m2, the so−called solar constant,
hits the earth’s outer atmosphere.
Global radiation
After penetrating the earth’s atmosphere,
the solar radiation is reduced by
reflection, dispersion and absorption by
dust particles and gaseous molecules.
The portion of the radiation which passes
unimpeded through the atmosphere and
strikes the earth’s surface directly is
known as direct radiation.
The portion of the solar radiation which is
reflected and/or absorbed by dust
particles and gas molecules and
irradiated back and strikes the earth’s
surface indirectly is known as diffused
radiation.
Direct and diffused radiation together
result in global radiation Eg.
In the latitudes of Western Europe, the
global radiation under optimum
conditions (clear, cloudless sky at
midday) amounts to a maximum of
1000W/m2.
With solar panels, as much as 75 % of this
global radiation can be utilised,
depending on the type of collector, the
system size or application.
5822135 GB

1.2Solar energy
Global radiation
5
VITOSOL
Exploiting solar energy with collectors
The useful energy which a collector can
absorb depends on several factors. The
main factor is the total solar energy
available.
Whilst a global energy of
1270kWh/(m2·pa) is available in
Freiburg, the value in Hannover is only
955kWh/(m2·pa).
The choice of collector type and its
inclination and orientation, are also very
important (see page7). For optimum
economy of operation, careful
dimensioning of the system components
is also essential.
Annual global radiation
5822135 GB

1.2Solar energy
Example:
30°; 45° south−west
Annual
irradiation
in %
Angle of
inclinationSouth
EastWest
North
6VITOSOL
Influence of alignment, inclination and shade on the energy yield
Optimum alignment and inclination
In Germany, the solar heating system
provides the highest energy yields over
an annual average when facing south and
with an inclination of approx. 30 to 35ºto
the horizontal plane. However, the
installation of a solar heating system is
still viable even when the installation
deviates quite significantly from the
above (south−westerly to south−easterly
alignment, 25 to 70º).
The graph illustrates the loss of annual
irradiation resulting from an installation
of the collector array which is less than
perfect. The graph indicates that a
shallower inclination is more favourable,
if the collector surface cannot be pointed
south. A solar heating system with a 30º
inclination and a south−westerly
alignment of 45º still achieves 95% of its
optimum yield. Even with an
east−westerly alignment, you can still
expect up to 85% with a roof slope
between 25ºand 40º.
A more steeply raked installation would
be more favourable in winter, however
the system would achieve only two thirds
of its yield during the summer months.
On the other hand, avoid angles of
inclination less than 20º, otherwise
collector contamination will increase.
Installing the total collector surface on
different roofs requires complex hydraulic
interconnections between the individual
collectors.
Every array is equipped with a separate
collector temperature sensor and a
separate pump line.
The increase in energy yield is therefore
offset by the higher installation costs,
resulting in a significantly reduced
cost:benefit ratio.
Shade reduces energy yield
Position and size the collector array so
that the influence of neighbouring
structures, trees, etc., which throw
shadows over the panels, is minimised.
5822135 GB

1.2Solar energy
ACollector plane
BAzimuth angle
Example:
Deviation from south: 15ºeast
7
VITOSOL
Inclination and orientation of collectors
To achieve optimum energy absorption,
the collectors must be oriented towards
the sun.
The angle of inclination and the azimuth
angle are the dimensions used to
determine the orientation of the
collectors.
Angle of inclination
The angle of inclinationis the angle
between the horizontal and the collector
plane.
For pitched roof installations, the angle of
inclination is determined by the slope of
the roof. The largest amount of energy
can be captured by the collector’s
absorber, when the collector plane is
aligned at right angles to the irradiation
of the sun. Because the angle of
irradiation depends on the time of day
and the time of year, the collector plane
should be aligned according to the
position of the sun during the phase of
maximum energy supply.
In practice, angles of inclination of
between 30ºand 55ºhave proven to be
ideal.
For the Federal Republic of Germany, for
example, an angle of inclination of
between 25ºand 70ºis advantageous,
depending on the period of use.
Azimuth angle
The azimuth angle describes the
deviation of the collector plane from
south; the collector plane aligned to the
south is the azimuth angle=0º.
Because solar irradiation is at its most
intensive at midday, the collector plane
should be oriented as closely as possible
to the south. However, deviations from
south up to 45ºsouth−east or south−west
are also acceptable.
5822135 GB

1.3Overall system optimisation
8VITOSOL
1.3 Overall system optimisation
A high−quality solar panel cannot by itself
guarantee the optimum operation of a
solar installation. This depends more on
the complete system solution as a whole.
Viessmann supplies all the components
required for a solar heating system:
Ha control unit that is tailored to the
individual solar heating system,
Ha DHW cylinder incorporating a solar
heat exchanger low inside the cylinder,
Hfast−responding controls designed to
help you gain maximum yield from the
solar heating system.
Correctly sized solar heating systems with
well−matched system components can
cover 50 to 60% of the annual energy
demand for DHW heating in detached and
two−family houses.
We will be pleased to assist you with the
design of solar heating systems (see also
the Viessmann ESOP calculation program
in chapter 5).
The elements of a solar heating system
are shown in the diagram.
ASolar panel
BSolarDivicon (pumping station)
CCollecting tank
DPre−cooling vessel
EExpansion vessel
FManual solar filling pump
GFill valve
HThreaded elbow
KDual mode DHW cylinder
LCylinder temperature sensor
MAir separator*1
NSolar control unit
OFlexible connection pipe
PCollector temperature sensor
RAir vent valve*2
RL Return
VL Flow
Note
Perfect ventilation of the collector circuit is an absolute requirement for trouble−free and efficient operation of the solar heating
system.
Install the air vent valve into the collector flow upstream of components, such as the pump and heat exchanger (looking in the flow
direction) to enable air to ventilate before it reaches these components, which are difficult to vent.
*1Mount air separator at an accessible point in flow pipe.
*2Install at least one air vent valve (quick−acting air vent valve or a manual vent valve, see page58) at the highest point of the system.
5822135 GB
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O
N
R
E C
FG
H
K
M
VL RL
T
T
T
A
B
D
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2.1Construction and function of the collectors
9
VITOSOL
2.1 Construction and function of the collectors
Overview of the range of solar panels from Viessmann
Collector Type Gross area
2
Abs. surface
2
Aperture
2
Dimensions Weight
yp
m2area m2
p
area m2Wmm Hmm Dmm
g
kg
Vitosol 100
Type s 2.5 Type w 2.5 s 2.5 2.71 2.50 2.50 1138 2385 102 60
w 2.5 2.71 2.50 2.50 2385 1138 102 60
Type 5 DI 5 DI 5.25 4.76 4.92 105
Vitosol 200
D10 1.50 1.00 1.07 741 2028 138 23
D20 2.94 2.00 2.14 1450 2028 138 45
D30 4.38 3.00 3.21 2159 2028 138 68
Vitosol 250 1.67 1.43 1.025 961 1735 108 25
Vitosol 300
H20 2.94 2.00 2.14 1450 2024 138 45
H30 4.38 3.00 3.21 2159 2024 138 68
For most subsidy programs, the gross
surface area (length x width of external
dimensions) is decisive.
The absorber surface area denotes the
selectively coated area, which is effective
with regard to radiation, subject to
installation location and collector design.
It is of little use when comparing solar
panels.
The aperture area defines the effective
collector area, which is decisive for sizing
the system.
Collector area
General description for absorber or
aperture area.
5822135 GB

2.1Construction and function of the collectors
Vitosol 100
10 VITOSOL
Flat collectors
Flat collectors are mainly used for
domestic hot water and swimming pool
heating applications.
Vitosol 100
HType s/w 2.5
AContinuous profiled seal (vulcanised)
BSolar glass cover, 4 mm thick
CMeander−shaped copper pipe
DCopper absorber
EMelamine resin foam
HType 5 DI
ASolar glass cover, 4 mm thick
BAluminium cover frame
CCopper harp absorber
DReinforcement frame
EMineral fibre insulating strip
FMineral fibre
GAluminium frame sections
HAluminium−zinc bottom plate
KConnection pipe
FMineral fibre insulating mat
GAluminium housing
HFlexible connection pipe with
thermal insulation
KInstallation hook
The main component of Vitosol100 is the
Soltitanium coated copper absorber.
It ensures high absorption of solar
radiation and low emission of thermal
radiation. A copper pipe through which
the process medium flows is fitted to the
absorber. The process medium channels
the absorber heat through the copper
pipe.
The meander−shaped direct flow absorber
of type s/w2.5 provides an extremely
even flow through each individual
collector in the collector arrays.
The absorber is encased in a highly
insulated collector housing, which
minimises collector heat losses. The high
quality thermal insulation provides
temperature stability and is free from gas
emissions.
The cover comprises a solar glass panel.
The glass has a very low iron content,
thereby reducing reflection losses.
The collector housing comprises an
aluminium frame (recycled aluminium),
powder−coated for model type s/w 2.5,
natural finish for type 5 DI, within which
the solar glass panel is permanently
sealed.
Type s/w 2.5
Up to ten collectors can be joined to form
a single collector array.
For this purpose, the standard delivery
includes flexible connection pipes,
which are sealed with O−rings.
A connection kit with clamping ring
fittings enables the collector array to be
quickly connected to the pipes of the
solar circuit.
A collector temperature sensor is
installed via a sensor well set into the
solar circuit flow.
Type 5 DI
At the back of the collector are flexible,
thermally insulated flow and return pipes,
as well as the sensor well for the collector
temperature sensor.
5822135 GB
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B
C
D
E
F
G
H
B
A
C
D
E
F
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H
K

2.1Construction and function of the collectors
Vitosol 200
E
D
C
B
A
11
VITOSOL
Vacuum tube collectors
Vacuum tube collectors are used for
domestic hot water and swimming pool
heating and, to a limited degree, for
central heating.
Vacuum tube collectors provide higher
levels of efficiency than flat collectors in
case of greater differences between
collector temperature and ambient
temperature as well as for diffused
radiation.
On an annual average, a solar energy yield
approx.30% higher per m2aperture area
can be expected than for flat collectors
with comparable surface area.
Vitosol 200  direct flow vacuum tube collector
AFlow pipe (outlet)
BReturn pipe (inlet)
CCoaxial heat exchanger pipe
DAbsorber
EEvacuated special glass tube
The tube shape gives the collector great
stability.
Re−evacuation of the tubes is not
necessary as the tubes have a permanent
airtight seal.
The vacuum in the glass tubes ensures
optimum heat insulation. Convection
losses between the glass tube and the
absorber are almost completely
eliminated. This enables the utilisation of
even low radiation levels (diffused
radiation).
Built into each vacuum tube is a
Sol−Titanium coated copper absorber.
It ensures high absorption of solar
radiation and low emission of thermal
radiation.
A coaxial heat exchanger pipe is fitted to
the absorber, through which the process
medium flows.
The process medium picks up the heat
from the absorber via the heat exchanger
pipe.
The heat exchanger pipe feeds into a
header.
Deviations from south can be
compensated by axial rotation (max. 25º)
of the vacuum tubes.
FConnection pipe
GThermal insulation
HProfile clip
KConnection housing
Absorber surface areas up to 6 m2can be
connected in parallel and absorber
surface areas upwards of 6m2connected
in series (see installation examples on
page 45 and46) to form a collector array.
For this purpose, the standard delivery
includes flexible connection pipes, sealed
with O−rings.
A connection kit with clamping ring
fittings enables the collector array to be
quickly connected to the pipes of the
solar circuit.
The collector temperature sensor is
installed in a sensor mounting on the
flow pipe in the collector connection
housing.
5822135 GB

2.1Construction and function of the collectors
Vitosol 250
A
B
C
D
E
RL VL H
RL VL
H
FG H
12 VITOSOL
Vitosol 250direct flow vacuum tube collector
AFlow or return pipe
(subject to connection)
BDistributor pipe
CCoaxial heat exchanger pipe
DAbsorber tube
ESleeve
Connection from the l.h. side
Connection from the r.h. side
Like a Thermos flask, the evacuated
duplex glass tube protects the liquid
flowing through the tube against high
heat losses.
The glass−glass joint between the outer
sleeve and the absorber pipe safeguards
high vacuum reliability. The internally
mirrored sleeve is protected against
environmental influences, which could
reduce efficiency.
A coaxial tube, through which the process
medium flows in the countercurrent
principle, ensures that the absorber tube
is fully flooded.
The process medium absorbs the heat
through the coaxial tube from the
absorber, and transfers the energy to a
header (flow/return pipe).
Flow and return pipes alternate subject to
connection (from left to right).
FConnection housing
GConnection pipe
HDiverter
Up to six collectors can be joined to form
a single collector array.
For this purpose, the standard delivery
includes flexible connection pipes, sealed
with O−rings.
A connection kit with clamping ring
fittings enables the collector array to be
easily connected to the pipes of the solar
circuit.
The collector temperature sensor is
installed in a sensor well on the manifold
inside the collector connection housing.
5822135 GB

2.1Construction and function of the collectors
Vitosol 300
KHFGE L
13
VITOSOL
Vitosol 300vacuum tube collector based on the heat pipe principle
AEvacuated glass tube
BHeat pipe
CAbsorber
EDual−pipe heat exchanger
FConnection pipe
GThermal insulation
DCondenser
EDual−pipe heat exchanger
HRetaining clip
KConnection housing
LDiverter
The tube shape gives the collector great
stability.
Re−evacuation of the tubes is not
necessary as the tubes have a permanent
airtight seal.
The vacuum in the glass tubes ensures
optimum heat insulation. Convection
losses between the glass tube and the
absorber are almost completely
eliminated. This enables the utilisation of
even low radiation levels (diffused
radiation).
Built into each vacuum tube is a
Sol−Titanium coated copper absorber.
This ensures high absorption of solar
radiation and low emission of thermal
radiation.
A heat pipe filled with an evaporator
liquid is arranged on the absorber. The
heat pipe is connected to the condenser
via a flexible coupling. The condenser is
fitted inside a dual−pipe heat exchanger.
This involves a so−called dry connection,
i.e. the tubes can be rotated or replaced
even when the installation is filled and
under pressure.
Heat is transferred from the absorber to
the heat pipe. This lets the liquid
evaporate. The vapour then rises to the
condenser.
Note
The angle of inclination must be at least
25ºto guarantee circulation of the
evaporator liquid inside the heat
exchanger.
The heat is transferred to the passing
process medium by the double−pipe heat
exchanger containing the condenser; this
causes the vapour to condense. The
condensate returns into the heat pipe and
the process is repeated.
Absorber surface areas of up to 6 m2can
be joined to form a single collector array.
For this purpose, the standard delivery
includes flexible connection pipes, sealed
with O−rings.
A connection kit with clamping ring
fittings enables the collector array to be
quickly connected to the pipes of the
solar circuit.
The collector temperature sensor is
installed in a sensor mounting on the
flow pipe in the collector connection
housing.
5822135 GB

2.2Collector efficiency
14 VITOSOL
2.2 Collector efficiency
Some of the solar radiation striking the
collectors is lost through reflection and
absorption. The optical efficiencyotakes
these losses into account.
When the collectors heat up, they transfer
heat to the environment as the result of
conduction, radiation and convection.
These losses are allowed for by the heat
loss factors k1and k2.
The thermal loss coefficient and optical
efficiency combine to form the collector
efficiency curve which can be calculated
on the basis of the following formula:
ok1T
Egk2T2 Eg
If the difference between the collector and
ambient temperature is zero, the collector
loses no heat to the environment, and the
efficiency is at its maximum level; this is
known as the optical efficiencyo.
The table below lists comparative values
for the optical efficiency and the heat loss
factors:
Collector type Opt. efficiency
level
*1 i%
Heat loss factors Spec. thermal
capacity
kJ/( 2K)
ho*1 in % k1in W/(m2·K) k2in W/(m2·K2)
py
kJ/(m2·K)
Vitosol 100
HType s/w2.5
HType 5 DI
Vitosol 200
Vitosol 250
Vitosol 300
84
84
85
77.6
82.5
3.36
4.16
1.61
1.97
1.19
0.013
0.0073
0.008
0.0047
0.009
6.4
7.2
25.5
52.0
5.4
*1hobased on
Haperture area for Vitosol 100 and 250
Habsorber area for Vitosol200 and 300.
AVitosol 100
BVitosol 200
CVitosol 250
DVitosol 300
1Solar heating system for DHW with low coverage
2Solar heating system for DHW with higher coverage
3Solar heating system for DHW and heating system backup
4Solar heating system for process heat/solar air conditioning
5822135 GB
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0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0 102030405060708090100
Temperature difference in K
Efficiency
B
C
A
4
3
2
1
D

2.3Solar coverage
15
VITOSOL
2.3 Solar coverage
Vitosol 100
Vitosol 200, 250 and 300
The solar coverage indicates what
percentage of the energy required
annually for DHW heating can be covered
by the solar heating system.
The aperture area should be sized so that
the production of surplus heat is just
about avoided during summer.
The higher the selected solar coverage,
the more conventional energy is saved.
This causes excess heat in summer and
generally lower average collector
efficiency.
The diagrams show the coverage values
that can be achieved with the various
collector types, based on
Hsouth−facing roofs,
Ha roof pitch of 45º and
Ha DHW temperature of 45 ºC in the
standby reservoir.
This data represents approximate guide
values.
Influence of various parameters on solar coverage
Reference system:
H4person household with hot water
consumption of 200 litres/day
H2 Vitosol 100 collectors, type s/w2.5
H45ºroof inclination
HSouth−facing roof orientation
HDual mode DHW cylinder, 300 litres
HMeteorological records for Würzburg
The bars indicate the expected coverage
values for deviations from the reference
system.
*1For a comparable aperture area.
5822135 GB
10
Aperture area in m
0
2
4
6
8
50 100 1500 200 250 300 350 400
DHW consumption in l/d
30%
50%
40%
60%
2
10
Aperture area in m
0
2
4
6
8
50 100 1500 200 250 300 350 400
DHW consumption in l/d
60%
50%
40%
2
Solar cover rate in %
71
0 20 40 60 80
68
53
59
50
60
43
51
74
61
59
*1
Hannover
Vacuum tubes
South−west orientation
400 litres/day
300 litres/day
100 litres/day
Reference system
Westerly orientation
Collector inclination 60°
Collector inclination 30°
Freiburg

2.4Selection of collector types
16 VITOSOL
2.4 Selection of collector types
Installation options for different collector types
Installation Collector type
Pitched roofs AVitosol 100, type s
Vitosol 100, type 5 DI (only roof integration)
Vitosol 200
Vitosol 250
Vitosol 300
BVitosol 100, type w
Vitosol 200
Vitosol 250
Flat roofs CVitosol 200
Vitosol 250
DVitosol 100
Vitosol 300
Freestanding installation EVitosol 100
Vitosol 300
Walls/balcony rails/balustrades FVitosol 200
Vitosol 250
5822135 GB

2.4Selection of collector types
Vitosol 100
10
40
D
E
F
C
B
A
D
C
17
VITOSOL
Vitosol 100
Both versions are suitable for installation
on pitched and flat roofs.
The selection of method of installation,
either mounted on or integrated into the
roof are influenced by the structural
characteristics of the building. For
example, roof integration is
recommended for new building projects
(see information on design information
regarding roof integration).
Viessmann offers universal fastening
systems to simplify installation. The
fastening systems are suitable for
virtually any form of roof and roof cover
as well as for installations on flat roofs.
The fixing systems are statically designed
for the snow load zone 3 to 800 m above
sea level.
Viessmann offers a special solar panel
support to prevent breakages on tiled
roofs or for areas where snow loads
above 2.6 kN/m2are expected.
For this application, obtain a plastic tile
manufactured by Klöber from your local
builders’ merchant.
The parts required are illustrated on
page37.
Installation kits are available for
supporting solar panels on flat roofs.
Pitched roofs  mounting on the roof
Design information regarding installation surfaces
Type s/w 2.5
Collector ammbmm
Type s
Type w
2385
1138
19002100
500900
ACollector
BAdditional batten
CRoof tie
DMounting rail
EPlastic tile (on site, 4 no. per collector)
FSolar panel support for roofs with
higher snow loads
Note
The mounting rails are affixed directly to
the on−site substructure using clamping
bolts, if panels are installed without roof
ties, e.g. on tin roofs.
5822135 GB

2.4Selection of collector types
Vitosol 100
c
18 VITOSOL
Pitched roofs  roof integration
Design information regarding installation surfaces
HWe can recommend roof integration only
for roofs with roof tile cover and a
gradient of at least 25º, and with tile
cover, whose tiles have a dimension "c"
of at least 65mm.
Discuss the installation with a roofing
contractor first, if flat tiles are used,
such as Tegalit or similar.
HOn new buildings, leave the
corresponding area of normal roof
battens uncovered (see drawing).
HAccount for at least 3rows of tiles on
the roof ridge to ensure adequate
ventilation below the roof.
Collector type s/w 2.5 5 DI
Dimension mm a b a b
Vertical installation 3000 2160 + 1160*1 2800 3300
Horizontal installation 1500 3410 + 2410*1  
*1Add this value for every additional collector.
5822135 GB

2.4Selection of collector types
Vitosol 100
CD
BA
19
VITOSOL
HType s/w2.5
ACollector
BCovering frame
CAdditional battens
DV−ledge to support the flashing
Water drain Collector amm
Type s
Type w
2385
1138
HType 5 DI
ACollector
BCovering frame
CAdditional batten
DLead flashing
→Water drain
Note
The battens supplied are statically designed
for the following snow load zones:
HSnow load zone 1,
up to 500 m above sea level
HSnow load zone 2,
up to 400 m above sea level
HSnow load zone 3,
up to 300 m above sea level
Fit an additional batten (on−site) at greater
terrain heights in the respective snow
load zones, as well as in snow load zone 4.
Maintain a clearance between individual
modules of 2 to 3 rows of tiles, if several
collectors are fitted.
(Make all water connections on site.)
5822135 GB
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2.4Selection of collector types
Vitosol 100
END
ERW
11
11
END
ERW
END
C
B
A
20 VITOSOL
Flat roofs
Design information regarding installation surfaces
HType s 2.5
Installation on substructures
*1For calculating dimension Z, see page22.
x mm
END/END 780
END/ERW 856
ERW/END 856
ERW/ERW 935
ACollector support 1
BCollector support 2
CSubstructure
END End stand
ERW Extension stand
The collector supports can be shortened
according to the required angle of
inclination.
Number of
collectors
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10
y mm 978 2129 3283 4437 5591 6745 9053 11361
5822135 GB